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Surficial materials are those at or near the Earth's surface. They constitute, by far, the largest and most used part of the ground around us. Areas not covered by surficial deposits--bare bedrock--form probably less than 5 percent of our land surface.

Most surficial deposits are composed of poorly consolidated clay, silt, sand, or gravel-sized particles that are produced chiefly by erosion and are transported by and finally deposited by water, wind, or ice, but are also partly produced by the in-situ weathering of bedrock. The major genetic categories are shown on the map by various colors; the principal compositional types in each category are indicated by patterns. Colors, patterns, and letter symbols are given in the explanation which follows this summary description.

Surficial deposits have characteristics important to our environment--water-bearing properties, mineral resources, and suitability as a natural foundation for buildings. They are also susceptible to flooding, erosion, ground subsidence, land slides, and earthquakes.

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1984 - Applications of remote sensing to ecosystem studies of Okefenokee swamp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T10:23:33","indexId":"70120620","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T10:21:31","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Applications of remote sensing to ecosystem studies of Okefenokee swamp","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Okefenokee Swamp: Its natural history, geology, and geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wetland Surveys","publisherLocation":"Los Alamos, NM","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Blood, E., and Wadsworth, J., 1984, Applications of remote sensing to ecosystem studies of Okefenokee swamp, chap. of The Okefenokee Swamp: Its natural history, geology, and geochemistry, p. 189-191.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Okefenokee Swamp","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.461238,30.590082 ], [ -82.461238,30.743642 ], [ -82.20512,30.743642 ], [ -82.20512,30.590082 ], [ -82.461238,30.590082 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec3e4b0bfa1f993eee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blood, E.R.","contributorId":55175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blood","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wadsworth, J.R.","contributorId":50831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wadsworth","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118036,"text":"70118036 - 1984 - Rippled scour depressions on the inner continental shelf off central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T11:19:56.627797","indexId":"70118036","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T09:50:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rippled scour depressions on the inner continental shelf off central California","docAbstract":"

Side-scan sonar records taken during the recent Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) show elongate, shore-normal rippled depressions of low relief on the inner continental shelf off central California between Bodega Bay and Point Arena. These features extend up to 2 km from the coast into water depths of up to 65 m. The proposed mechanism for their generation is storm-generated bottom currents associated with coastal downwelling during the late fall and winter which scour the surficial fine-sand sediment and expose the coarser-sand substrate in the depressions. The zones of most intense erosion and the irregular spacing of the features may be controlled by submerged rock ledges and other prominent coastal features. The large straight-crested ripples within the depressions (heights to 40 cm; wavelengths to 1.7 m) are probably formed by large-amplitude, long-period surface waves generated by winter storms.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","doi":"10.1306/212F85BC-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D.A., Drake, D.E., Grant, W.D., and Tate, G.B., 1984, Rippled scour depressions on the inner continental shelf off central California: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 1280-1291, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F85BC-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1280","endPage":"1291","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.54675292968749,\n 38.523189896701396\n ],\n [\n -123.25733184814452,\n 38.523189896701396\n ],\n [\n -123.25733184814452,\n 38.67586133295116\n ],\n [\n -123.54675292968749,\n 38.67586133295116\n ],\n [\n -123.54675292968749,\n 38.523189896701396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ff87ebe4b0824b2d16c1cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, David A.","contributorId":37327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, David E.","contributorId":74752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, William D.","contributorId":95396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, George B.","contributorId":80838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199906,"text":"70199906 - 1984 - Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi: Summary and conclusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:13:46","indexId":"70199906","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T09:12:32","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi: Summary and conclusions","docAbstract":"

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No abstract available. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater contaimination","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Thompson, D., 1984, Groundwater contamination and aquifer reclamation at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado, chap. of Groundwater contaimination, p. 93-103.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.90329742431639,\n 39.798381437470134\n ],\n [\n -104.79034423828125,\n 39.798381437470134\n ],\n [\n -104.79034423828125,\n 39.87101316627777\n ],\n [\n -104.90329742431639,\n 39.87101316627777\n ],\n [\n -104.90329742431639,\n 39.798381437470134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, D.","contributorId":33678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120847,"text":"70120847 - 1984 - Refuge management analyses: research needs for Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T09:10:20","indexId":"70120847","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T09:07:39","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"W/AEAG-84/W05","title":"Refuge management analyses: research needs for Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge, located in southeastern Indiana, was established by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission in 1966. Land use planning for the Refuge formally began in 1971, and development of facilities designed in that planning effort is now nearing completion. As these facilities become operational, Refuge personnel will be manipulating water (both spatially and temporally) and other habitat components to achieve the joint Refuge goals of natural resource conservation and public use. This situation offers a unique opportunity to institute research and management studies designed to evaluate and enhance the effectiveness of the management regime in providing for the needs of migratory waterfowl and other wildlife resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., Auble, G., and Hamilton, D.B., 1984, Refuge management analyses: research needs for Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.571947,38.89423 ], [ -86.571947,39.292298 ], [ -85.777293,39.292298 ], [ -85.777293,38.89423 ], [ -86.571947,38.89423 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25febe4b033341871894d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":91066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, D. 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The average annual ground-water recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, from 1934 through 1981, was 612,400 acre-feet. The recharge in 1981 was 1,448,400 acre-feet, which is the third highest annual recharge since 1934. A maximum annual recharge of 1,711,200 acre-feet occurred in 1958, and a minimum annual recharge of 43,700 acre-feet occurred in 1956. The calculated annual discharge by wells and springs in 1981 was 794,400 acre-feet. Annual discharge by wells and springs ranged from a maximum of 960,900 acre-feet in 1977 to a minimum of 388,800 acre-feet in 1955. The annual discharge by wells was 387,100 acre-feet in 1981. Although water levels in many of the wells in the Edwards aquifer fluctuated near the midpoint between record high and low levels during the first 5 months of 1981, the volume of ground water in storage in the aquifer was above average for most of the year. Analyses of water samples from 56 wells and 3 springs show that the water is of a significantly better quality than the level established for public water systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","publisherLocation":"San Antonio, TX","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R., Maclay, R., and Ozuna, G., 1984, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1981, with 1934-81 summary: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 41, 135 p.","productDescription":"135 p.","numberOfPages":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70094969.JPG"},{"id":284822,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70094969/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.7971,29.0834 ], [ -100.7971,30.233 ], [ -97.7105,30.233 ], [ -97.7105,29.0834 ], [ -100.7971,29.0834 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aef1e4b0f2f0cebe4619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maclay, R.W.","contributorId":72804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ozuna, G. B.","contributorId":25205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozuna","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":914,"text":"914 - 1984 - Water resources data: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T08:52:40","indexId":"914","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T08:50:10","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/914","issn":"8756-9809","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Caribbean District, WRD, U.S. Geological Survey; the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Government of the U.S. Virgin Islands, and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Water resources data: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, https://doi.org/10.3133/914.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico;U.S. Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.2717,17.6582 ], [ -67.2717,18.538 ], [ -64.549,18.538 ], [ -64.549,17.6582 ], [ -67.2717,17.6582 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53be6497e4b0527d5d4097fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227690,"text":"70227690 - 1984 - Development and implementation of a digital geologic database for petroleum exploration in the Uinta Basin, Utah-Colorado, U. S. A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T14:59:19.438284","indexId":"70227690","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T08:46:53","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development and implementation of a digital geologic database for petroleum exploration in the Uinta Basin, Utah-Colorado, U. S. A.","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, third thematic conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"1984","conferenceLocation":"Paris, France","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Institute of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., Fosnight, E.A., Hastings, D.A., and Bailey, G.B., 1984, Development and implementation of a digital geologic database for petroleum exploration in the Uinta Basin, Utah-Colorado, U. S. A., in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, third thematic conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology, Paris, France, 1984, p. 129-130.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.5831298828125,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -108.78662109375,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -108.77014160156249,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 40.834593138080244\n ],\n [\n -110.5609130859375,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -110.8795166015625,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -111.0223388671875,\n 40.49291502689579\n ],\n [\n -111.0333251953125,\n 40.094882122321145\n ],\n [\n -110.8465576171875,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -110.2642822265625,\n 39.7958755252971\n ],\n [\n -110.1434326171875,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -110.006103515625,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -109.5831298828125,\n 39.30029918615029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosnight, Eugene A. 0000-0002-8557-3697 fosnight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":2961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosnight","given":"Eugene","email":"fosnight@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, David A.","contributorId":138985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":831774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, G. Bryan","contributorId":22689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206361,"text":"70206361 - 1984 - Pleistocene glaciation of volcano Ajusco, central Mexico, and comparison with the standard Mexican glacial sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T06:45:41","indexId":"70206361","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T07:14:23","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene glaciation of volcano Ajusco, central Mexico, and comparison with the standard Mexican glacial sequence","docAbstract":"

Three Pleistocene glaciations and two Holocene Neoglacial advances occurred on volcano Ajusco in central Mexico. Lateral moraines of the oldest glaciation, the Marqués, above 3250 m are made of light-gray indurated till and are extensively modified by erosion. Below 3200 m the till is dark red, decomposed, and buried beneath volcanic colluvium and tephra. Very strongly to strongly developed soil profiles (Inceptisols) have formed in the Marqués till and in overlying colluvia and tephra. Large sharp-crested moraines of the second glaciation, the Santo Tomás, above 3300 m are composed of pale-brown firm till and are somewhat eroded by gullies. Below 3250 m the till is light reddish brown, cemented, and weathered. Less-strongly developed soil profiles (Inceptisols) have formed in the Santo Tomás till and in overlying colluvia and tephra. Narrow-crested moraines of yellowish-brown loose till of the third glaciation, the Albergue, are uneroded. Weakly developed soil profiles (Inceptisols) in the Albergue till have black ash in the upper horizon. Two small Neoglacial moraines of yellowish-brown bouldery till on the cirque floor of the largest valley support weakly developed soil profiles with only A and Cox horizons and no ash in the upper soil horizons. Radiocarbon dating of organic matter of the B horizons developed in tills, volcanic ash, and colluvial volcanic sand includes ages for both the soil-organic residue and the humic-acid fraction, with differences from 140 to 660 yr. The dating provides minimum ages of about 27,000 yr for the Marqués glaciation and about 25,000 yr for the Santo Tomás glaciation. Dates for the overlying tephra indicate a complex volcanic history for at least another 15,000 yr. Comparison of the Ajusco glacial sequence with that on Iztaccíhuatl to the east suggests that the Marqués and Santo Tomás glaciations may be equivalent to the Diamantes glaciation First and Second advances, the Albergue to the Alcalican glaciations, and the Neoglacial to the Ayolotepito advances.

","language":"English ","publisher":"Cambridge University","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(84)90086-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"White, S., and Valastro, S., 1984, Pleistocene glaciation of volcano Ajusco, central Mexico, and comparison with the standard Mexican glacial sequence: Quaternary Research, v. 21, no. 1, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(84)90086-3.","productDescription":"15 p. 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1984 - Snow Mountain Wilderness Study Area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-01T11:04:32","indexId":"70013619","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Snow Mountain Wilderness Study Area, California","docAbstract":"The Snow Mountain Wilderness study area, located about 120 mi north of San Francisco and on the divide between the Sacramento and Eel Rivers, contains some of the highest terrain in the Coast Ranges. Its mineral-resource potential was evaluated by interpreting data from geologic field studies, from an aeromagnetic survey, from geochemical sampling of stream sediments, rocks, and springs, and from the examination and sampling of prospects. These investigations indicated that there was little promise for the occurrence of mineral or energy resources within the wilderness. New discoveries of unforeseen resources in other parts of the California Coast Ranges or in similar geologic settings elsewhere could prompt renewed study of Snow Mountain, but the nature of such studies cannot be determined now.","language":"English","issn":"00960446","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.D., and Federspiel, F.E., 1984, Snow Mountain Wilderness Study Area, California, v. 1, p. 373-375.","startPage":"373","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Snow Mountain Wilderness","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf65e4b0c8380cd87579","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Robert D. Jr.","contributorId":71146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Federspiel, Francis E.","contributorId":28290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Federspiel","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2000049,"text":"2000049 - 1984 - Strategies for rehabilitation of lake trout in the Great Lakes: Proceedings of conference on lake trout research, August 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T16:02:43.87967","indexId":"2000049","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"40","title":"Strategies for rehabilitation of lake trout in the Great Lakes: Proceedings of conference on lake trout research, August 1983","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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P.","contributorId":95008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olver, Charles H.","contributorId":99256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olver","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2002355,"text":"2002355 - 1984 - Red fox predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:36:40","indexId":"2002355","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":420,"text":"Wildlife Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"89","title":"Red fox predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America","docAbstract":"

Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) predation on nesting ducks was assessed by examining 1,857 adult duck remains found at 1,432 fox rearing dens from 1968 to 1973. Dabbling ducks were much more vulnerable to foxes than diving ducks. Dabbling ducks (1,798) found at dens consisted of 27% blue-winged teals (Anas discors), 23% mallards (A. platyrhynchos), 20% northern pintails (A. acuta), 9% northern shovelers (Spatula clypeata), 8% gadwalls (A. strepera), 3% green-winged teals (A. crecca), 2% American wigeons (A. americana), and 10% unidentified. Relative abundance of individual species and nesting chronology were the most important factors affecting composition of ducks taken by foxes. Seventy-six percent of 1,376 adult dabbling ducks and 40% of 30 adult diving ducks for which sex was determined were hens. In western North Dakota and western South Dakota, 65% of mallard and northern pintail remains found at dens were hens compared with 76% in eastern North Dakota and eastern South Dakota (P < 0.05). Percentage hens varied among the 5 most common dabbling ducks found at dens. In eastern North Dakota and eastern South Dakota, where predation on ducks was greatest, an average of 64% of gadwall, 73% of northern pintail, 81% of blue-winged teal, 81% of mallard, and 90% of northern shoveler remains found at dens were hens. Percentage hens among duck remains found at dens increased as the duck nesting season progressed.

\n

Numbers of adult ducks found at individual dens ranged from 0 to 67. The average number of ducks found in and around den entrances was used as an index of fox predation rates on ducks. Predation rate indices ranged from 0.01 duck/den in Iowa to 1.80 ducks/den in eastern North Dakota. Average annual predation rate indices for dabbling ducks in a 3-county intensive study area in eastern North Dakota were closely correlated with May pond numbers (r = 0.874, P < 0.10) and duck population size (r = 0.930, P < 0.05), but all species were not affected in the same manner or to the same degree. Drought had least effect on populations and predation rate indices of mallards and gadwalls and had greatest effect on those of northern pintails and northern shovelers. Hens of early nesting species were more vulnerable to foxes than hens of late nesting species. Predation rate indices were expanded to estimate total numbers of ducks taken by fox families during the denning season. Estimated numbers of dabbling ducks taken annually by individual fox families in 2 physiographic regions comprising the intensive study area ranged from 16.1 to 65.9. Predation was highest during wet years and lowest during dry years and averaged lower, but was more variable, in the region where tillage was greatest and wetland water levels were least stable. Predation in the intensive study area averaged 2.97 adult dabbling ducks/ km2/year and represented an estimated average annual loss of 13.5% of hen and 4.5% of drake populations in that area. Of 5,402 individual food items found at dens in the intensive study area, 24% were adult ducks. Ducks made up an estimated maximum average of 16% of the prey biomass required by fox families during the denning season.

\n

The average annual take of adult ducks by foxes in the midcontinent area was estimated to be about 900,000. This estimate included both scavenged and fox-killed ducks, as well as ducks taken after the denning season. Fox impact on midcontinent ducks was greatest in eastern North Dakota where both fox and duck densities were relatively high. Predation in that area was likely increased by environmental factors, especially intensive agriculture that concentrated nesting and reduced prey abundance.

\n

Predation by red foxes and other predators severely reduces duck production in the midcontinent area. Effective management to increase waterfowl production will necessitate coping with or reducing high levels of predation.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, A.B., Allen, S.H., and Eberhardt, R.T., 1984, Red fox predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America: Wildlife Monograph 89, 41 p.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Iowa, Manitoba, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin","county":"Barnes County, Kidder County, Stutsman County","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.1513671875,\n 50.54136296522161\n ],\n [\n -101.513671875,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -101.42578124999999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -104.19433593749999,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 48.66194284607008\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -100.1513671875,\n 50.54136296522161\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, Alan B.","contributorId":89185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Stephen H.","contributorId":46620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberhardt, Robert T.","contributorId":156332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25627,"text":"wri834121D - 1984 - Map showing outcrops and lithology of intrusive rocks, Basin and Range Province and vicinity, Trans-Pecos Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T13:42:46.015285","indexId":"wri834121D","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4121","chapter":"D","title":"Map showing outcrops and lithology of intrusive rocks, Basin and Range Province and vicinity, Trans-Pecos Texas","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834121D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology","usgsCitation":"Henry, C., and Fisher, G.L., 1984, Map showing outcrops and lithology of intrusive rocks, Basin and Range Province and vicinity, Trans-Pecos Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4121, Report: 23 p.; 3 Plates: 49.19 x 35.37 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834121D.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 3 Plates: 49.19 x 35.37 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401977,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4121d/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401976,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4121d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54373,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4121d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4121d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401975,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4121d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trans-Pecos","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.622314453125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -101.810302734375,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -101.810302734375,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -106.622314453125,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -106.622314453125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a48c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gail L.","contributorId":200706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002176,"text":"2002176 - 1984 - Simulated effects of transplant removal from the River Mountains bighorn herd II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2002176","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UNLV 025/6A","title":"Simulated effects of transplant removal from the River Mountains bighorn herd II","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., 1984, Simulated effects of transplant removal from the River Mountains bighorn herd II: Technical Report CPSU/UNLV 025/6A, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f32b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26912,"text":"wri834102 - 1984 - The quality of ground water in the principal aquifers of northeastern-north central Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T21:17:12.546657","indexId":"wri834102","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4102","title":"The quality of ground water in the principal aquifers of northeastern-north central Washington","docAbstract":"

In 1979 the quality of ground water in major aquifers in northeastern-north central Washington State was assessed in terms of inorganic-chemical, trace-metal, and fecal-coliform concentrations. For the Spokane Valley aquifer some organic-chemical data were also included. Results of this assessment indicate that the ground water in the region is generally suitable for most uses.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834102","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J., 1984, The quality of ground water in the principal aquifers of northeastern-north central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4102, viii, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834102.","productDescription":"viii, 112 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410500,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35726.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4102/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.028,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -121.158,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -121.158,\n 47.267\n ],\n [\n -117.028,\n 47.267\n ],\n [\n -117.028,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180305,"text":"70180305 - 1984 - The Jeanie Point complex revisited","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180305,"text":"70180305 - 1984 - The Jeanie Point complex revisited","indexId":"70180305","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The Jeanie Point complex revisited"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4435,"text":"cir868 - 1984 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1981","indexId":"cir868","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1981"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":4435,"text":"cir868 - 1984 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1981","indexId":"cir868","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1981"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:07:58","indexId":"70180305","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"868","title":"The Jeanie Point complex revisited","docAbstract":"

The so-called Jeanie Point complex is a distinctive package of rocks within the Orca Group, a Tertiary turbidite sequence. The rocks crop out on the southeast coast of Montague Island, Prince William Sound, approximately 3 km northeast of Jeanie Point (loc. 7, fig. 44). These rocks consist dominantly of fine-grained limestone and lesser amounts of siliceous limestone, chert, tuff, mudstone, argillite, and sandstone (fig. 47). The Jeanie Point rocks also differ from those typical of the Orca Group in their fold style. Thus, the Orca Group of the area is isoclinally folded on a large scale (tens to hundreds of meters), whereas the Jeanie Point rocks are tightly folded on a 1- to 3- m-wavelength scale (differences in rock competency may be responsible for this variation in fold style).

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1981 (Circular 868)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.3133/70180305","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Miller, M.L., 1984, The Jeanie Point complex revisited: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 868, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180305.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0868/report.pdf#page=87","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"The Jeanie Point complex","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b198be4b0ad67323f9870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6990,"text":"ofr84574 - 1984 - Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples from the Dirty Devil, French Springs-Happy Canyon, and Horseshoe Canyon Wilderness Study Areas (UT-050-236A, B, 237), Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T21:48:41.756877","indexId":"ofr84574","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-574","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples from the Dirty Devil, French Springs-Happy Canyon, and Horseshoe Canyon Wilderness Study Areas (UT-050-236A, B, 237), Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84574","usgsCitation":"Detra, D., Erickson, M.S., Kemp, W.M., and Willson, W.R., 1984, Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples from the Dirty Devil, French Springs-Happy Canyon, and Horseshoe Canyon Wilderness Study Areas (UT-050-236A, B, 237), Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-574, Report: 31 p.; 1 Plate: 38.66 x 28.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84574.","productDescription":"Report: 31 p.; 1 Plate: 38.66 x 28.11 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":34273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0574/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":34272,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0574/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0574/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413564,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12910.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Garfield County, Wayne County","otherGeospatial":"Dirty Devil, French Springs-Happy Canyon, and Horseshoe Canyon Wilderness Study Areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.567,\n 38.433\n ],\n [\n -110.567,\n 38.15\n ],\n [\n -110.167,\n 38.15\n ],\n [\n -110.167,\n 38.433\n ],\n [\n -110.567,\n 38.433\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ebc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, M. S.","contributorId":35302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemp, W. M. III","contributorId":78732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemp","given":"W.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willson, W. R.","contributorId":18358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013947,"text":"70013947 - 1984 - 10Be accumulation in a soil chronosequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:49:34.767456","indexId":"70013947","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"10Be accumulation in a soil chronosequence","docAbstract":"

We have measured the concentration of the cosmogenic isotope10Be in soil samples from various horizons at six sites, including three independently dated Rappahannock River terraces and a previously undated Piedmont soil to which we have assigned an age. All of the incident10Be can be accounted for in one of these soils and a second is within a factor of two. In three soils, whose concentrations vary widely with depth, a significant fraction of the incident10Be cannot be accounted for. Incomplete sampling, and enhanced Be mobility caused by organic components, are the probable reasons for the low inventory of Be from these three soils. Overall, the data from these six sites indicate that10Be accumulation could be used to assign ages to soils if Be is not mobilized and lost from the soil profile.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(84)90151-1","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Pavich, M., Brown, L., Klein, J., and Middleton, R., 1984, 10Be accumulation in a soil chronosequence: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 68, no. 2, p. 198-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90151-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e222e4b0c8380cd459a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, J.","contributorId":90885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Middleton, R.","contributorId":43105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}