The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens provided the opportunity to study its effect on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of lakes near the volcano, and to describe two newly created lakes. Concentrations of dissolved solids and organic carbon, measured in June 1980, had increased from 2 to 30 times those observed in the 1970 's in Spirit, St. Helens, and Venus Lakes. Water in the lakes was altered from preeruption calcium-bicarbonate types to calcium-sulfate, calcium sulfate-chloride, or lake surface, as in St. Helens Lake; transparency in Venus Lake had improved to a depth of 24 ft by 1982. Spirit Lake was anoxic into fall 1980, but had reaerated to 5.2 mg/L of dissolved oxygen by May 1981. Phytoplankton communities in existing lakes in the blast zone in 1980 were primarily green and bluegreen algae; diatoms were sparse until summer 1982. Small numbers of zooplankton in Spirit, St. Helens, and Venus Lakes, compared to numbers in Walupt and Fawn Lakes, may indicate some post-eruption mortality. Rotifers were absent from lakes in the blast zone, but by 1981 were observed in all the lakes. The recovery of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the lakes will depend on stabilization of the surrounding environment and biological processes within each lake. Excluding Spirit Lake, it is estimated that St. Helens Lake would be the slowest to recover and Venus Lake the fastest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874263","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S., and Dion, N.P., 1988, Effects of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens on the limnological characteristics of selected lakes in western Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4263, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874263.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395183,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46912.htm"},{"id":55852,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4263/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 46.20929925529132\n ],\n [\n -122.08419799804689,\n 46.20929925529132\n ],\n [\n -122.08419799804689,\n 46.36588370484979\n ],\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 46.36588370484979\n ],\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 46.20929925529132\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6107ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, S.S.","contributorId":8448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35343,"text":"b1822 - 1988 - Stacked crystalline thrust sheets and episodes of regional metamorphism in northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina — A reinterpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T20:11:41.669986","indexId":"b1822","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1822","title":"Stacked crystalline thrust sheets and episodes of regional metamorphism in northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina — A reinterpretation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1822","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.E., 1988, Stacked crystalline thrust sheets and episodes of regional metamorphism in northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina — A reinterpretation: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1822, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1822.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392876,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21960.htm"},{"id":63198,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1822/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1822/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e490a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Arthur E.","contributorId":6035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":214482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6174,"text":"pp1044K - 1988 - Evaluation of a hydrothermal anomaly near Ennis, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T17:09:19.909949","indexId":"pp1044K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1044","chapter":"K","title":"Evaluation of a hydrothermal anomaly near Ennis, Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1044K","usgsCitation":"Leonard, R., and Wood, W.A., 1988, Evaluation of a hydrothermal anomaly near Ennis, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044K.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33303,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044k/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Ennis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.4513457230767,\n 45.01291040877615\n ],\n [\n -109.3486495583888,\n 47.3702454369226\n ],\n [\n -115.68530653437865,\n 47.38589755956616\n ],\n [\n -114.75639917982964,\n 46.706983391720144\n ],\n [\n -114.33269861668855,\n 46.62226638708262\n ],\n [\n -114.54513298887622,\n 45.53920476809773\n ],\n [\n -114.31244036598811,\n 45.43712629198295\n ],\n [\n -113.8794081828034,\n 45.626648103689206\n ],\n [\n -113.32931160410004,\n 44.77122584997326\n ],\n [\n -112.82979861884027,\n 44.397452418924274\n ],\n [\n -111.74857430897387,\n 44.55536075425837\n ],\n [\n -111.52094813847593,\n 44.550855017736325\n ],\n [\n -111.3755203073244,\n 44.74428667034013\n ],\n [\n -111.05937284829906,\n 44.52381327287779\n ],\n [\n -111.05304988733239,\n 44.99523057896022\n ],\n [\n -109.4513457230767,\n 45.01291040877615\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, Robert B.","contributorId":14407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Wayne A.","contributorId":29417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35671,"text":"b1699 - 1988 - Submarine slumps in delta-front sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Blair Formation, Rock Springs uplift, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:28","indexId":"b1699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1699","title":"Submarine slumps in delta-front sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Blair Formation, Rock Springs uplift, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1699","usgsCitation":"Roehler, H.W., 1988, Submarine slumps in delta-front sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Blair Formation, Rock Springs uplift, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1699, iii, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1699.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1699/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1699/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roehler, Henry W.","contributorId":48529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roehler","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65829,"text":"i1871 - 1988 - Shaded relief and surface markings of the Namtar Quadrangle; Ganymede","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:17","indexId":"i1871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1871","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Shaded relief and surface markings of the Namtar Quadrangle; Ganymede","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1871","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Shaded relief and surface markings of the Namtar Quadrangle; Ganymede: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1871, 2 remote sensing images :1 col. ;on sheets 76 x 84 cm. and 66 x 84 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1871.","productDescription":"2 remote sensing images :1 col. ;on sheets 76 x 84 cm. and 66 x 84 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101186,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1871/plate-1.pdf","size":"7791","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":101187,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1871/plate-2.pdf","size":"4560","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4926","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":66932,"text":"i1182G - 1988 - Beaufort Sea coastal erosion, sediment flux, shoreline evolution, and the erosional shelf profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T21:05:45.706612","indexId":"i1182G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1182","chapter":"G","title":"Beaufort Sea coastal erosion, sediment flux, shoreline evolution, and the erosional shelf profile","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1182G","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Graves, S.M., and Barnes, P.W., 1988, Beaufort Sea coastal erosion, sediment flux, shoreline evolution, and the erosional shelf profile: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1182, Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 53.00 x 40.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1182G.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 1 Plate: 53.00 x 40.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106640,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9018.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9018"},{"id":91622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1182g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91621,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1182g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":190134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1182g/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"82000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 70.8333\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 70.8333\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 69.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63dc52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, S. M.","contributorId":27868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, P. W.","contributorId":8819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":67025,"text":"i1900 - 1988 - Gravity, depth to consolidated rock, and soil temperature in the Elko area, northeastern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:32:25","indexId":"i1900","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1900","title":"Gravity, depth to consolidated rock, and soil temperature in the Elko area, northeastern Nevada","docAbstract":"The Elko area, in northeastern Navada, lies in a northeast-trending structural valley that is filled with Quaternary deposits and Tertiary sedimentary rocks to a maximum depth of about 4,500 feet. The deepest part of the valley is centered west of Elko. The valley-fill deposits in the remainder of the valley have an average depth of about 2,500 feet.
\nThe depth estimates were made from about 200 gravity measurements. Depths were calculated using a three-dimentional gravity inversion model and correlate fairly well with data from an oil test well drilled near Elko.
\nSoil Temperature measurements, made at a depth of 6.6 feet (2 meeters) at 35 locations in the study area, indicate a major thermal anomaly (66 degrees Celsius) southwest of Elko, an area of known hot-spring activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1900","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, D.H., 1988, Gravity, depth to consolidated rock, and soil temperature in the Elko area, northeastern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1900, 31.69 x 36.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1900.","productDescription":"31.69 x 36.67 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1900.GIF"},{"id":107172,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9990.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9990"},{"id":327506,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1900/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Elko Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.06643676757812,\n 40.74205475883487\n ],\n [\n -116.06643676757812,\n 40.95941904108161\n ],\n [\n -115.7032012939453,\n 40.95941904108161\n ],\n [\n -115.7032012939453,\n 40.74205475883487\n ],\n [\n -116.06643676757812,\n 40.74205475883487\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":77507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19647,"text":"ofr88379 - 1988 - Undiscovered petroleum resources of Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr88379","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-379","title":"Undiscovered petroleum resources of Indonesia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88379","usgsCitation":"Kingston, J., 1988, Undiscovered petroleum resources of Indonesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-379, vii, 217 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88379.","productDescription":"vii, 217 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0379/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0379/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f5ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kingston, John","contributorId":47801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingston","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65380,"text":"i1919 - 1988 - Controlled photomosaic of part of the Maja Valles region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:17","indexId":"i1919","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1919","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Controlled photomosaic of part of the Maja Valles region of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1919","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Controlled photomosaic of part of the Maja Valles region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1919, 1 remote-sensing image ;61 x 57 cm., on sheet 96 x 64 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1919.","productDescription":"1 remote-sensing image ;61 x 57 cm., on sheet 96 x 64 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100934,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1919/plate-1.pdf","size":"7934","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27337,"text":"wri864319 - 1988 - A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri864319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4319","title":"A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water","docAbstract":"A model was developed to be useful for predicting changes in streamflow as a result of groundwater pumping. The stream aquifer model is especially useful for simulating streams that flow intermittently owing to leakage to the aquifer or diversion for irrigation or streams that become perched owing to declining hydraulic head in the aquifer. The model couples the equation of two-dimensional groundwater flow with the kinematic equations of one-dimensional open-channel flow. Darcy 's law for vertical flow through a semipermeable streambed is used to couple the groundwater flow and streamflow equations. The equations of flow are approximated numerically by the finite-element method. A listing of the Fortran program that solves the equations of flow , and a description of data-input formats are given in the report. The program can simulate a variety of hydrologic characteristics including perched streams, streamflow diversions , springs, recharge from irrigated acreage, and evapotranspiration from the water table and phreatophytes. Time-dependent boundary conditions can be simulated. The program can be modified easily to simulate unconfined aquifers and aquifers with variable directions of anisotropy. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864319","usgsCitation":"Glover, K.C., 1988, A finite-element model for simulating hydraulic interchange of surface and ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4319, iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864319.","productDescription":"iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4319/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glover, K. C.","contributorId":14828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65389,"text":"i1912 - 1988 - Controlled photomosaic of part of the Nilosyrtis Mensae region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:12","indexId":"i1912","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1912","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Controlled photomosaic of part of the Nilosyrtis Mensae region of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1912","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Controlled photomosaic of part of the Nilosyrtis Mensae region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1912, 1 remote sensing image ;61 x 52 cm., on sheet 96 x 59 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1912.","productDescription":"1 remote sensing image ;61 x 52 cm., on sheet 96 x 59 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100938,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1912/plate-1.pdf","size":"5971","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65379,"text":"i1918 - 1988 - Controlled photomosaic of part of the Maja Valles region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:17","indexId":"i1918","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1918","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Controlled photomosaic of part of the Maja Valles region of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1918","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Controlled photomosaic of part of the Maja Valles region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1918, 1 remote-sensing image ;61 x 57 cm., on sheet 96 x 64 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1918.","productDescription":"1 remote-sensing image ;61 x 57 cm., on sheet 96 x 64 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100933,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1918/plate-1.pdf","size":"10304","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4494,"text":"cir1023 - 1988 - 1988 annual report on Alaska's mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:42:41","indexId":"cir1023","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1023","title":"1988 annual report on Alaska's mineral resources","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1023","usgsCitation":"1988, 1988 annual report on Alaska's mineral resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1023, viii, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1023.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31554,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1023/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1023/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4914e4b0b290850eede3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bohn, Diedra","contributorId":90819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohn","given":"Diedra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708980,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5854,"text":"pp1241B - 1988 - Precambrian rocks of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:52","indexId":"pp1241B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1241","chapter":"B","title":"Precambrian rocks of Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1241B","usgsCitation":"Eberlein, G., and Lanphere, M.A., 1988, Precambrian rocks of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1241, p. B1-B18; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1241B.","productDescription":"p. B1-B18; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104578,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4761.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4761"},{"id":117361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1241b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32642,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1241b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1241b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberlein, G. Donald","contributorId":52564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberlein","given":"G. Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33347,"text":"b1746C - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Cottonwood Canyon Wilderness Study Area, Washington County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:17","indexId":"b1746C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1746","chapter":"C","title":"Mineral resources of the Cottonwood Canyon Wilderness Study Area, Washington County, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1746C","usgsCitation":"Houser, B.B., Jones, J.L., Kilburn, J., Blank, H.R., Wood, R., and Cook, K.L., 1988, Mineral resources of the Cottonwood Canyon Wilderness Study Area, Washington County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1746, v, p. C1-C14, maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1746C.","productDescription":"v, p. C1-C14, maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109747,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21738.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21738"},{"id":163266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1746c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61178,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1746c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61179,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1746c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db657f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, B. B.","contributorId":46092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J. L.","contributorId":27065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blank, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":94674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, R. H.","contributorId":31722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"R. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook, K. L.","contributorId":34567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":33548,"text":"b1837 - 1988 - Shorter contributions to paleontology and stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T20:10:48.511726","indexId":"b1837","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1837","title":"Shorter contributions to paleontology and stratigraphy","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b1837","usgsCitation":"Sando, W.J., 1988, Shorter contributions to paleontology and stratigraphy: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1837, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1837.","productDescription":"96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1837/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61442,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1837/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":388391,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92780.htm","text":"Conodont-based determination of the Silurian-Devonian boundary in the Valley and Ridge province, northern and central Appalachians","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":482765,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92787.htm","text":"Latest Cambrian and earliest Ordovician conodonts from the Conococheague and Stonehenge Limestones of northwestern Virginia","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"tableOfContents":"Chapter A
Latest Cambrian and Earliest Ordovician Conodonts from the Conococheague and Stonehenge Limestones of Northwestern Virginia
Randall C. Orndorff
Chapter B
Conodont-Based Determination of the Silurian-Devonian Boundary in the Valley and Ridge Province, Northern and Central Appalachians
Kirk E. Denkler and Anita G. Harris
Chapter C
Homeognathodus peniculus (Conodonta), a New Earliest Pridolian Index Species, and the Ludlovian-Pridolian Boundary in the Central Appalachian Basin
Kirk E. Denkler and Anita G. Harris
Chapter D
Occurrence of the Early Cretaceous Ammonite Venezoliceras in Puerto Rico
William A. Cobban and Glenn R. Scott
Chapter E
Ammonites in Clasts of the Juana Lopez Member of the Carlile Shale (Upper Cretaceous) near Pueblo, Colorado
William A. Cobban
This compilation of short papers is intended to describe technical advances in the applied computer sciences. The aim of the series is to provide a forum for discussions on innovative uses of computing techniques in the earth sciences. Papers are presented on ( 1) an expert system to facilitate land analysis, (2) data-generalization processes for use with geographic information systems, (3) digital image processing for map production, (4) connecting local- and wide-area networks, and (5) generic file structures for hydrologic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.","doi":"10.3133/b1841","usgsCitation":"1988, Selected papers in the applied computer sciences, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1841, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1841.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1841/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1841/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f83c1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wiltshire, Denise A.","contributorId":78717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltshire","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749935,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33403,"text":"b1701C - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Harquahala Mountains Wilderness Study Area, La Paz and Maricopa counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:20","indexId":"b1701C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1701","chapter":"C","title":"Mineral resources of the Harquahala Mountains Wilderness Study Area, La Paz and Maricopa counties, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1701C","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, E., Richard, S., Hassemer, J., Hanna, W.F., and Thompson, J.R., 1988, Mineral resources of the Harquahala Mountains Wilderness Study Area, La Paz and Maricopa counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1701, vi, 27 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1701C.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109773,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21838.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21838"},{"id":95974,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1701c/report.pdf","size":"5633","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1701c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61276,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1701c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richard, S.M.","contributorId":20376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richard","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hassemer, J.R.","contributorId":18761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassemer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, J. R.","contributorId":27845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33454,"text":"b1723 - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Pryor Mountain, Burnt Timber Canyon, and Big Horn Tack-On Wilderness Study Areas, Carbon County, Montana, and Big Horn County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T21:55:48.885174","indexId":"b1723","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1723","title":"Mineral resources of the Pryor Mountain, Burnt Timber Canyon, and Big Horn Tack-On Wilderness Study Areas, Carbon County, Montana, and Big Horn County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1723","usgsCitation":"Patterson, C.G., Toth, M.I., Kulik, D.M., Esparza, L.E., Schmauch, S., and Benham, J.R., 1988, Mineral resources of the Pryor Mountain, Burnt Timber Canyon, and Big Horn Tack-On Wilderness Study Areas, Carbon County, Montana, and Big Horn County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1723, Report: v, 15 p.; 1 Plate: 35.00 × 25.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1723.","productDescription":"Report: v, 15 p.; 1 Plate: 35.00 × 25.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1723/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":395501,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21631.htm"},{"id":61345,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1723/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1723/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","county":"Big Horn County, Carbon County","otherGeospatial":"Pryor Mountain, Burnt Timber Canyon, and Big Horn Tack-On Wilderness Study Areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.417,\n 44.958\n ],\n [\n -108.25,\n 44.985\n ],\n [\n -108.25,\n 45.167\n ],\n [\n -108.417,\n 45.167\n ],\n [\n -108.417,\n 44.985\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, Charles G.","contributorId":57920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toth, M. I.","contributorId":82695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulik, D. M.","contributorId":46948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulik","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esparza, L. E.","contributorId":72848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esparza","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmauch, S. W.","contributorId":53790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmauch","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benham, J. R.","contributorId":81934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benham","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":33379,"text":"b1706D - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Dry Valley Rim Wilderness Study Area, Washoe County, Nevada, and Lassen County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:24","indexId":"b1706D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1706","chapter":"D","title":"Mineral resources of the Dry Valley Rim Wilderness Study Area, Washoe County, Nevada, and Lassen County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1706D","usgsCitation":"Diggles, M.F., Frisken, J., Plouff, D., and Linne, J.M., 1988, Mineral resources of the Dry Valley Rim Wilderness Study Area, Washoe County, Nevada, and Lassen County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1706, v, D1-D17, :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1706D.","productDescription":"v, D1-D17, :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1706d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61231,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1706d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b07e4b07f02db69ad71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diggles, M. F.","contributorId":39356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisken, J. G.","contributorId":90296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"J. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linne, J. M.","contributorId":68371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":67551,"text":"i1908 - 1988 - Generalized ages of surface lava flows of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T18:50:06.856943","indexId":"i1908","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1908","title":"Generalized ages of surface lava flows of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1908","usgsCitation":"Lockwood, J.P., Lipman, P.W., Peterson, L.D., and Warshauer, F.R., 1988, Generalized ages of surface lava flows of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1908, 1 Plate: 27.12 x 27.68 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1908.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.12 x 27.68 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494118,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9997.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":256543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1908/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":256542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1908/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256541,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1908/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.2544073375003,\n 20.308406250692556\n ],\n [\n -156.2544073375003,\n 18.872899919968376\n ],\n [\n -154.770745706715,\n 18.872899919968376\n ],\n [\n -154.770745706715,\n 20.308406250692556\n ],\n [\n -156.2544073375003,\n 20.308406250692556\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0c7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, L. D.","contributorId":18062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"L.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warshauer, F. R.","contributorId":39873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warshauer","given":"F.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":33374,"text":"b1714B - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Diamond Breaks Wilderness Study Area, Moffat County, Colorado, and Daggett County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T21:33:35.849309","indexId":"b1714B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1714","chapter":"B","title":"Mineral resources of the Diamond Breaks Wilderness Study Area, Moffat County, Colorado, and Daggett County, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral resources of Wilderness Study Areas-Bull Canyon and Diamond Breaks, Colorado and Utah","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1714B","usgsCitation":"Connor, J.J., Delaney, T.A., Kulik, D.M., Sawatzky, D.L., Whipple, J.W., and Ryan, G.S., 1988, Mineral resources of the Diamond Breaks Wilderness Study Area, Moffat County, Colorado, and Daggett County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1714, Report; vi, 15 p.; 1 Plate: 22.50 × 25.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1714B.","productDescription":"Report; vi, 15 p.; 1 Plate: 22.50 × 25.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109781,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21869.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21869"},{"id":61220,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1714b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1714b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1714b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","county":"Daggett County, Moffatt County","otherGeospatial":"Diamond Breaks Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.125,\n 40.625\n ],\n [\n -108.875,\n 40.625\n ],\n [\n -108.875,\n 40.875\n ],\n [\n -109.125,\n 40.875\n ],\n [\n -109.125,\n 40.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b07e4b07f02db69ad9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, Jon J.","contributorId":21948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delaney, T. A.","contributorId":12049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulik, D. M.","contributorId":46948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulik","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sawatzky, D. L.","contributorId":79113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawatzky","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whipple, J. W.","contributorId":61477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whipple","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, G. S.","contributorId":70785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":33445,"text":"b1731H - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Riordans Well Wilderness Study Area, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T22:26:52.350023","indexId":"b1731H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1731","chapter":"H","title":"Mineral resources of the Riordans Well Wilderness Study Area, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1731H","usgsCitation":"Lund, K., Beard, L.S., Blank, H.R., Hofstra, A., and Hamilton, M.M., 1988, Mineral resources of the Riordans Well Wilderness Study Area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1731, Report: vi, 16 p.; 1 Plate: 26.00 x 26.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1731H.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; 1 Plate: 26.00 x 26.50 inches","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411095,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21672.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":61331,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1731h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61330,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1731h/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1731h/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Riordans Well Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.546,\n 38.583\n ],\n [\n -115.546,\n 38.371\n ],\n [\n -115.299,\n 38.371\n ],\n [\n -115.299,\n 38.583\n ],\n [\n -115.546,\n 38.583\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":211119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, L. S.","contributorId":29410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blank, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":94674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, M. M.","contributorId":6923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33508,"text":"b1719H - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Upper West Little Owyhee Wilderness Study area, Malheur County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:34","indexId":"b1719H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1719","chapter":"H","title":"Mineral resources of the Upper West Little Owyhee Wilderness Study area, Malheur County, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1719H","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., Turner, R.L., Plouff, D., Sawatzky, D.L., and Linne, J.M., 1988, Mineral resources of the Upper West Little Owyhee Wilderness Study area, Malheur County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1719, v, H14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1719H.","productDescription":"v, H14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1719h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61409,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1719h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James George","contributorId":73578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, R. L.","contributorId":93903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sawatzky, D. L.","contributorId":79113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawatzky","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linne, J. M.","contributorId":68371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}