{"pageNumber":"4645","pageRowStart":"116100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165579,"records":[{"id":70013333,"text":"70013333 - 1984 - Fluid heterogeneity during granulite facies metamorphism in the Adirondacks: stable isotope evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:16","indexId":"70013333","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid heterogeneity during granulite facies metamorphism in the Adirondacks: stable isotope evidence","docAbstract":"The preservation of premetamorphic, whole-rock oxygen isotope ratios in Adirondack metasediments shows that neither these rocks nor adjacent anorthosites and gneisses have been penetrated by large amounts of externally derived, hot CO2-H2O fluids during granulite facies metamorphism. This conclusion is supported by calculations of the effect of fluid volatilization and exchange and is also independently supported by petrologic and phase equilibria considerations. The data suggest that these rocks were not an open system during metamorphism; that fluid/rock ratios were in many instances between 0.0 and 0.1; that externally derived fluids, as well as fluids derived by metamorphic volatilization, rose along localized channels and were not pervasive; and thus that no single generalization can be applied to metamorphic fluid conditions in the Adirondacks. Analyses of 3 to 4 coexisting minerals from Adirondack marbles show that isotopic equilibrium was attained at the peak of granulite and upper amphibolite facies metamorphism. Thus the isotopic compositions of metamorphic fluids can be inferred from analyses of carbonates and fluid budgets can be constructed. Carbonates from the granulite facies are on average, isotopically similar to those from lower grade or unmetamorphosed limestones of the same age showing that no large isotopic shifts accompanied high grade metamorphism. Equilibrium calculations indicate that small decreases in ??18O, averaging 1 permil, result from volatilization reactions for Adirondack rock compositions. Additional small differences between amphibolite and granulite facies marbles are due to systematic lithologie differences. The range of Adirondack carbonate ??18O values (12.3 to 27.2) can be explained by the highly variable isotopic compositions of unmetamorphosed limestones in conjunction with minor 18O and 13C depletions caused by metamorphic volatilization suggesting that many (and possibly most) marbles have closely preserved their premetamorphic isotopic compositions. Such preservation is particularly evident in instances of high ??18O calcites (25.0 to 27.2), low ??18O wollastonites (-1.3 to 3.5), and sharp gradients in ??18O (18 permil/15m between marble and anorthosite, 8 permil/25 m in metasediments, and 6 permil/1 m in skarn). Isotopic exchange is seen across marble-anorthosite and marble-granite contacts only at the scale of a few meters. Small (<5 m) marble xenoliths are in approximate exchange equilibrium with their hosts, but for larger xenoliths and layers of marble there is no evidence of exchange at distances greater than 10 m from meta-igneous contacts. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371706","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Valley, J., and O’Neil, J.R., 1984, Fluid heterogeneity during granulite facies metamorphism in the Adirondacks: stable isotope evidence: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 85, no. 2, p. 158-173, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371706.","startPage":"158","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371706"},{"id":219847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a126fe4b0c8380cd542d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013729,"text":"70013729 - 1984 - Radon in earth-sheltered structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013729","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3667,"text":"Underground Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radon in earth-sheltered structures","docAbstract":"Radon concentration in the indoor air of six residential and three non-residential earth-sheltered buildings in eastern Colorado was monitored quarterly over a nine-month period using passive, integrating detectors. Average radon concentrations during the three-month sampling periods ranged from about 1 to 9 pCi/L, although one building, a poorly ventilated storage bunker, had concentrations as high as 39 pCi/L. These radon concentrations are somewhat greater than those typically reported for conventional buildings (around 1 pCi/L); but they are of the same order of magnitude as radon concentrations reported for energy-efficient buildings which are not earth-sheltered. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Underground Space","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03620565","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 1984, Radon in earth-sheltered structures: Underground Space, v. 8, no. 4, p. 264-269.","startPage":"264","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9438e4b0c8380cd8128e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013728,"text":"70013728 - 1984 - Origin of epigenetic calcite in coal from Antarctica and Ohio based on isotope compositions of oxygen, carbon and strontium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:40:59","indexId":"70013728","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of epigenetic calcite in coal from Antarctica and Ohio based on isotope compositions of oxygen, carbon and strontium","docAbstract":"Isotopic compositions of oxygen, carbon and strontium of calcite cleats in coal seams of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and Tuscarawas County, Ohio, contain a record of the conditions a the time of their formation. The Antarctic calcites (?? 18O(SMOW) = +9.14 to +11.82%0) were deposited from waters enriched in 16O whose isotopic composition was consistent with that of meteoric precipitation at low temperature and high latitude. The carbon of the calcite cleats (?? 13C(PDB) = -15.6 to -16.9%0) was derived in part from the coal (?? 13C(PDB) = -23.5 to -26.7%0) as carbon dioxide and by oxidation of methane or other hydrocarbon gases. The strontium ( 87Sr 86Sr = 0.71318-0.72392) originated primarily from altered feldspar grains in the sandstones of the Beacon Supergroup. Calcite cleats in the Kittaning No. 6 coal seam of Ohio (?? 18O(SMOW) = +26.04 to +27.79%0) were deposited from waters that had previously exchanged oxygen, possibly with marine carbonate at depth. The carbon (?? 13C(PDB) = 0.9 to +2.4%0) is enriched in 13C even though that cleats were deposited in coal that is highly enriched in 12C and apparently originated from marine carbonates. Strontium in the cleats ( Sr 87 0.71182-0.71260) is not of marine origin but contains varying amounts of radiogenic 87Sr presumably derived from detrital Rb-bearing minerals in the adjacent sedimentary rocks. The results of this study suggest that calcite cleats in coal of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, were deposited after the start of glaciation in Cenozoic time and that those in Ohio precipitated from formation waters derived from the underlying marine carbonate rocks, probably in the recent geologic past. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(84)90174-8","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Faure, G., and Botoman, G., 1984, Origin of epigenetic calcite in coal from Antarctica and Ohio based on isotope compositions of oxygen, carbon and strontium: Chemical Geology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 313-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(84)90174-8.","startPage":"313","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266107,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(84)90174-8"},{"id":220113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70d2e4b0c8380cd7628a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faure, G.","contributorId":92422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faure","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botoman, G.","contributorId":101006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botoman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013194,"text":"70013194 - 1984 - Changing patterns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and implications of climatic control on coal occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:31:04.407339","indexId":"70013194","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing patterns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and implications of climatic control on coal occurrence","docAbstract":"

Improved regional and interregional stratigraphic correlations of Pennsylvanian strata permit comparisons of vegetational changes in Euramerican coal swamps. The coal-swamp vegetation is known directly from in situ coal-ball peat deposits from more than 65 coals in the United States and Europe. Interpretations of coal-swamp floras on the basis of coal-ball peat studies are extended to broader regional and stratigraphic patterns by use of coal palynology. Objectives of the quantitative analyses of the vegetation in relation to coal are to determine the botanical constituents at the peat stage and their environmental implications for plant growth and peat accumulation. Morphological and paleoecological analyses provide a basis for deducing freshwater regimes of coal swamps.

Changes in composition of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation are quire similar from one paralic coal region to another and show synchrony that is attributable to climate. Paleobotany and paleogeography of the Euramerican province indicate a moist tropical paleoclimate. Rainfall, runoff and evapotranspiration were the variable climatic controls in the distribution of coal-swamp vegetation, peat accumulation and coal resources. In relative terms of climatic wetness the Pennsylvanian Period is divisible into five intervals, which include two relatively drier intervals that developed during the Lower-Middle and Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian transitions. The climate during Early Pennsylvanian time was moderately wet and the median in moisture availability. Early Middle Pennsylvanian was drier, probably seasonally dry-wet; late Middle Pennsylvanian was the wettest in the Midcontinent; early Late Pennsylvanian was the driest; and late Late Pennsylvanian was probably the wettest in the Dunkard Basin. The five climatic intervals represent a general means of dividing coal resources within each region into groups with similar botanical constituents and environments of peat accumulation. Regional differences in basinal geology and climate were significant variables, but the synchronous control of paleoclimate was of primary importance.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(84)90019-3","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Phillips, T., and Peppers, R., 1984, Changing patterns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and implications of climatic control on coal occurrence: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 205-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(84)90019-3.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220629,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f442e4b0c8380cd4bc34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, T.L.","contributorId":43517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peppers, R.A.","contributorId":14132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppers","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013338,"text":"70013338 - 1984 - Paleohydrological methods and some examples from Swedish fluvial environments. II - River meanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T00:51:04.459307","indexId":"70013338","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1767,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydrological methods and some examples from Swedish fluvial environments. II - River meanders","docAbstract":"

Empirical relations are developed between river-meander features and water-discharge characteristics for 19 reaches along Swedish rivers. In these relations, either average channel width or average radius of curvature of meander arcs can be used to estimate average annual peak discharge and average daily discharge. By accepting certain assumptions, the relations can be applied to other meandering Swedish rivers, present or ancient. The Öster-Dalälven River near Mora is used as an example.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/04353676.1984.11880101","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., 1984, Paleohydrological methods and some examples from Swedish fluvial environments. II - River meanders: Geografiska Annaler, Series A, v. 66 A, no. 1-2, p. 89-102, https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.1984.11880101.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Sweden","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[22.18317,65.72374],[21.21352,65.02601],[21.36963,64.41359],[19.77888,63.60955],[17.84778,62.7494],[17.11955,61.34117],[17.83135,60.63658],[18.78772,60.08191],[17.86922,58.95377],[16.82919,58.71983],[16.44771,57.04112],[15.87979,56.1043],[14.66668,56.20089],[14.10072,55.40778],[12.94291,55.36174],[12.6251,56.30708],[11.78794,57.44182],[11.02737,58.85615],[11.46827,59.43239],[12.30037,60.11793],[12.63115,61.29357],[11.99206,61.80036],[11.93057,63.12832],[12.57994,64.06622],[13.57192,64.04911],[13.91991,64.44542],[13.55569,64.78703],[15.10841,66.19387],[16.10871,67.30246],[16.76888,68.01394],[17.72918,68.01055],[17.99387,68.56739],[19.87856,68.40719],[20.02527,69.06514],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.97853,68.61685],[23.53947,67.93601],[23.56588,66.39605],[23.90338,66.00693],[22.18317,65.72374]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sweden\"}}]}","volume":"66 A","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73f9e4b0c8380cd77378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, G. P.","contributorId":97472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013416,"text":"70013416 - 1984 - Seismic reflection studies of sinkholes and limestone dissolution features on the northeastern Florida shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T10:42:44","indexId":"70013416","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic reflection studies of sinkholes and limestone dissolution features on the northeastern Florida shelf","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles show that the shelf off northern Florida is underlain by solution deformed limestone of Oligocene, Eocene, Paleocene and late Cretaceous age. Dissolution and collapse features are widely scattered. They are expressed in three general forms: as sinkholes that presently breach the sea floor, such as Red Snapper Sink and the Crescent Beach submarine spring; as sinkholes that have breached the seafloor in the past but are now filled with shelf sands; and as dissolution collapse structures that originate deep within the section and have caused buckling and folding of overlying Eocene, Oligocene, and to a lesser extent, Neogene strata. Although deformation caused by solution and collapse can be shown to be a continuous process, the major episode of karstification occurred in the late Oligocene and early Miocene when the shelf was exposed to subaerial conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sinkholes: Their geology, engineering, and environmental impact ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sinkholes: Their Geology, Engineering and Environmental Impact, Proceedings of the First Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes.","conferenceDate":"October 15-17, 1984","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Balkema","isbn":"9061915708","usgsCitation":"Popenoe, P., Kohout, F.A., and Manheim, F., 1984, Seismic reflection studies of sinkholes and limestone dissolution features on the northeastern Florida shelf, in Sinkholes: Their geology, engineering, and environmental impact , Orlando, FL, USA, October 15-17, 1984, p. 43-57.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf29e4b0c8380cd87408","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beck Barry F.","contributorId":128454,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Beck Barry F.","id":536270,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kohout, F. A.","contributorId":11593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohout","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013426,"text":"70013426 - 1984 - U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MARINE-MINERALS RESEARCH.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:28","indexId":"70013426","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MARINE-MINERALS RESEARCH.","docAbstract":"Summary form only given. The US Exclusive Economic Zone is an area approximately one and two-thirds the size of the land area of the United States. In this frontier area, US Geological Survey (USGS) research in marine minerals is aimed at three objectives: (1) defining geologic settings of potential mineral resources; (2) understanding the processes by which seafloor nonliving resources form; and (3) estimating the resource potential. Potential resources of primary interest are cobalt-rich manganese seafloor crusts, polymetallic sulfides in hydrothermal vent areas on the seafloor, and heavy-mineral placer deposits. Research activities include studies of manganese-crust samples from oceanographic-institution archives and a USGS research cruise through the central and southern Pacific. Preliminary results confirm that cobalt is concentrated by as much as 2. 5% in the manganese crusts at water depths of 1000-2600 m; further research on the precipitation processes and patterns of crust formation will be needed to understand the origin, occurrence patterns, and resource potential of these crusts. Research cruises have revealed a zone of polymetallic sulfide vent deposits a few hundred meters long in the Juan de Fuca spreading center.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Oceans '84 Conference & Exposition, Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education, Designs for the Future.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Offield, 1984, U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MARINE-MINERALS RESEARCH., in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Washington, DC, USA.","startPage":"481","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9e8e4b08c986b327eca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Offield","contributorId":127918,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Offield","id":535138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013332,"text":"70013332 - 1984 - Lu-Hf constraints on the evolution of lunar basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T16:32:11.008282","indexId":"70013332","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lu-Hf constraints on the evolution of lunar basalts","docAbstract":"

Very low Ti basalts and green glass samples from the moon show high Lu/Hf ratios and low Hf concentrations. Low-Ti lunar basalts show high and variable Lu/Hf ratios and higher Hf concentrations, whereas high-Ti lunar basalts show low Lu/Hf ratios and high Hf concentrations. KREEP basalts have constant Lu/Hf ratios and high but variable Hf concentrations. Using the Lu-Hf behavior as a constraint, we propose a model for the mare basalts evolution. This constraint requires extensive crystallization of the primary lunar magma ocean prior to formation of the lunar mare basalt sources and the KREEP basalts. Mare basalts are produced by the melting of the cumulate rocks, and KREEP basalts represent the residual liquid of the magma ocean.

Lu and Hf concentrations and the Hf isotopic data of lunar rocks suggest that assimilation cannot be accepted as a major process to explain the diversity of the lunar mare basalts. The urKREEP hypothesis is also unnecessary. Both high- and low-Ti basalts show enough iron enrichment to be regarded as melting products of the last stage cumulate rocks from the lunar magma ocean. The KREEP basalts are also rich in iron and may be regarded as the final, residual liquid left after the crystallization of the major portion of the primary lunar magma ocean.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iS02p0B445","usgsCitation":"Fujimaki, H., and Tatsumoto, M., 1984, Lu-Hf constraints on the evolution of lunar basalts: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. S02, p. B445-B458, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iS02p0B445.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"B445","endPage":"B458","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502537,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://tohoku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/5255","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"S02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a80e4b0c8380cd68e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujimaki, Hirokazu","contributorId":27607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujimaki","given":"Hirokazu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, Mistunobu","contributorId":24637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"Mistunobu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013309,"text":"70013309 - 1984 - Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T11:03:59","indexId":"70013309","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese crusts on raised areas of the ocean floor have joined abyssal manganese nodules and hydrothermal sulfides as potential marine resources. Significant volumes of cobalt-rich (about 1% Co) crusts have been identified to date within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Central Pacific: in the NW Hawaiian Ridge and Seamount region and in the seamounts in the Johnston Island and Palmyra Island regions. Large volumes of lower grade crusts, slabs, and nodules are also present in shallow ( greater than 1000 m) waters on the Blake plateau, off Florida-South Carolina in the Atlantic Ocean. Data on ferromanganese crusts have been increased by recent German and USGS cruises, but are still sparse, and other regions having crust potential are under current investigation. The authors discuss economic potentials for cobalt-rich crusts in the Central Pacific and Western North Atlantic oceans, with special reference to US EEZ areas. Additional research is needed before more quantitative resource estimates can be made.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceans '84 : Conference record : Industry, government, education - Designs for the future","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Oceans '84 Conference & Exposition, Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education, Designs for the Future.","conferenceDate":"September 10-12, 1984","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152203","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Commeau, R., Clark, A., Johnson, C., Manheim, F., Aruscavage, P.J., and Lane, C., 1984, Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, in Oceans '84 : Conference record : Industry, government, education - Designs for the future, Washington, DC, September 10-12, 1984, p. 421-430, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152203.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e73e4b0c8380cd5346a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Commeau, R.F.","contributorId":62194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, A.","contributorId":50476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aruscavage, P. J.","contributorId":41411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aruscavage","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, C.M.","contributorId":97488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70013686,"text":"70013686 - 1984 - Thermal history determined by fission-track dating for three sedimentary basins in California and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:12:17","indexId":"70013686","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2913,"text":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal history determined by fission-track dating for three sedimentary basins in California and Wyoming","docAbstract":"The use of fission-tracks is demonstrated in studies of time-temperature relationships in three sedimentary basins in the western United States; in the Tejon Oil Field area of the southern San Joaquin Valley, California; in the northeastern Green River basin, Wyoming, and in drill holes in the southern Powder River Basin, Wyoming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth Fission-Track Dating Workshop","conferenceLocation":"Troy, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0735-245X(85)90152-8","issn":"0191278X","usgsCitation":"Naeser, N.D., 1984, Thermal history determined by fission-track dating for three sedimentary basins in California and Wyoming: Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982), v. 10, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-245X(85)90152-8.","startPage":"423","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268866,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-245X(85)90152-8"},{"id":220272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba388e4b08c986b31fd3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, Nancy D.","contributorId":82753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007696,"text":"1007696 - 1984 - Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T14:42:34.474871","indexId":"1007696","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics","docAbstract":"

We review metabolizable energy (ME) concepts and present evidence suggesting that the form of ME used for analyses of avian energetics can affect interpretation of results. Apparent ME (AME) is the most widely used measure of food energy available to birds. True ME (TME) differs from AME in recognizing fecal and urinary energy of nonfood origin as metabolized energy. Only AME values obtained from test birds fed at maintenance levels should be used for energy analyses. A practical assay for TME has shown that TME estimates are less sensitive than AME to variation in food intake. The TME assay may be particularly useful in studies of natural foods that are difficult to obtain in quantities large enough to supply test birds with maintenance requirements. Energy budgets calculated from existence metabolism should be expressed as kJ of AME and converted to food requirements with estimates of metabolizability given in kJ AME/g. Energy budgets calculated from multiples of basal metabolic rate (a component of maintenance energy), however, should be expressed as kJ of either TME or net energy depending on ambient temperature. Energy units should be stated explicitly to improve comparability and in some cases accuracy of energy analyses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1366814","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., and Reinecke, K.J., 1984, Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics: Condor, v. 86, no. 4, p. 396-400, https://doi.org/10.2307/1366814.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131168,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d8c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013490,"text":"70013490 - 1984 - NONFUEL MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE PACIFIC EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013490","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NONFUEL MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE PACIFIC EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE.","docAbstract":"The Pacific Exclusive Economic Zone contains a variety of hard mineral resources. Sand and gravel and their associated placer deposits of heavy minerals are the most likely to be developed in the near future, but offshore and deep water deposits of phosphorite, abyssal manganese nodules, ferromanganese crusts enriched in cobalt, and massive sulfide deposits all represent future resources. The distribution, extent, and formation of these deposits are poorly understood and will be clarified only with additional exploration, framework geologic mapping, and study of the processes by which these resources form. It is pointed out that the initial discovery of most hard-mineral resources in the EEZ was made during routine scientific marine-geologic surveys aimed at understanding the framework geology and geologic processes of an offshore region.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Oceans '84 Conference & Exposition, Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education, Designs for the Future.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., Bischoff, J., and Howell, D., 1984, NONFUEL MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE PACIFIC EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE., in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Washington, DC, USA, p. 438-443.","startPage":"438","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6150e4b0c8380cd718ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, David","contributorId":86388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James","contributorId":22902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, David","contributorId":18903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169212,"text":"70169212 - 1984 - The “anomalous cedar trees” of Lake Ashi, Hakone Volcano, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T12:12:36","indexId":"70169212","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The “anomalous cedar trees” of Lake Ashi, Hakone Volcano, Japan","docAbstract":"

On the bottom of Lake Ashi at Hakone, Japan, there stand great trees that, since ancient times, have been widely known as the \"Anomalous Cedar Trees\" of Ashi. It is not known why these trees grow on the bottom of the lake, and it remains one of the mysteries of Hakone. It was formerly thought that, at the time Lake Ashi was born, a great forest of cedar trees which was growing in the caldera of the volcano sank into the water. From radioactive carbon dating techniques, it is known that a steam explosion in the Kami Mountains created the caldera approximately 3,000 years ago. The age of the \"Anomalous Cedars\" is placed at approximately. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Oki, Y., 1984, The “anomalous cedar trees” of Lake Ashi, Hakone Volcano, Japan: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 1, p. 24-27.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ashi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.93722534179688,\n 35.160336728130346\n ],\n [\n 139.06082153320312,\n 35.160336728130346\n ],\n [\n 139.06082153320312,\n 35.27701633139884\n ],\n [\n 138.93722534179688,\n 35.27701633139884\n ],\n [\n 138.93722534179688,\n 35.160336728130346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be55e4b0f59b85e02f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Y.","contributorId":167151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oki","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013684,"text":"70013684 - 1984 - ASPECTS OF ARCTIC SEA ICE OBSERVABLE BY SEQUENTIAL PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS FROM THE NIMBUS-5 SATELLITE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013684","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ASPECTS OF ARCTIC SEA ICE OBSERVABLE BY SEQUENTIAL PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS FROM THE NIMBUS-5 SATELLITE.","docAbstract":"Observations made from 1972 to 1976 with the Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer on board the Nimbus-5 satellite provide sequential synoptic information of the Arctic sea ice cover. This four-year data set was used to construct a fairly continuous series of three-day average 19-GHz passive microwave images which has become a valuable source of polar information, yielding many anticipated and unanticipated discoveries of the sea ice canopy observed in its entirety through the clouds and during the polar night. Short-term, seasonal, and annual variations of key sea ice parameters, such as ice edge position, ice types, mixtures of ice types, ice concentrations, and snow melt on the ice, are presented for various parts of the Arctic.","conferenceTitle":"Arctic Technology and Policy, Proceedings of the Second Annual MIT Sea Grant College Program Lecture and Seminar and the Third Annual Robert Bruce Wallace Lecture.","conferenceLocation":"Cambridge, MA, Engl","language":"English","publisher":"Hemisphere Publ Corp","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","isbn":"0891163611","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., Gloersen, P., and Zwally, H., 1984, ASPECTS OF ARCTIC SEA ICE OBSERVABLE BY SEQUENTIAL PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS FROM THE NIMBUS-5 SATELLITE., Arctic Technology and Policy, Proceedings of the Second Annual MIT Sea Grant College Program Lecture and Seminar and the Third Annual Robert Bruce Wallace Lecture., Cambridge, MA, Engl, p. 197-222.","startPage":"197","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e637e4b0c8380cd4725d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dyer IraChryssostomidis Chryssostomos","contributorId":128319,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Dyer IraChryssostomidis Chryssostomos","id":536281,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, William J.","contributorId":48444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gloersen, Per","contributorId":96964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloersen","given":"Per","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zwally, H. Jay","contributorId":40083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwally","given":"H. Jay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013410,"text":"70013410 - 1984 - First record of marsupials (Metatheria: Polyprotodonta) from the Oligocene in Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013410","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First record of marsupials (Metatheria: Polyprotodonta) from the Oligocene in Africa","docAbstract":"Metatherian (marsupial) and eutherian (placental) mammals are end members of a complex, possibly common North American1-4 or, less likely, a South American5 stock that diverged before the early late Cretaceous and underwent separate adaptive radiations establishing them as the two dominant mammalian groups (subclass Theria). By the later Cretaceous, marsupials were well situated in North America3 and were also present in South America6. Their oldest occurrences in Antarctica (later Eocene 7) and Australia (Oligocene8) are artefacts of exceptionally poor fossil records of mammals on those continents and it is clear that the Metatheria must have been quite diverse in both areas (physically connected in pre-Eocene times9) very much earlier5,7. Marsupials probably did not reach Europe much before their earliest record there in the early Eocene10. The Metatheria have not been identified from Asia, nor until now from Africa. We now report the discovery of the first fossil remains of a didelphid marsupial in Oligocene rocks in North Africa. ?? 1984 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/308447a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Bown, T.M., and Simons, E., 1984, First record of marsupials (Metatheria: Polyprotodonta) from the Oligocene in Africa: Nature, v. 308, no. 5958, p. 447-449, https://doi.org/10.1038/308447a0.","startPage":"447","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/308447a0"},{"id":220199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"308","issue":"5958","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1061e4b0c8380cd53c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bown, T. M.","contributorId":106858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, E.L.","contributorId":57204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169256,"text":"70169256 - 1984 - Jesuits in seismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:34:19","indexId":"70169256","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jesuits in seismology","docAbstract":"

Jesuits have been involved with scientific endeavors since the 16th century, although their association with seismology is more recent. What impelled Jesuit priests to also become seismologists is am matter of conjecture. Certainly the migration of missionaries to various parts of the world must have resulted in queries to their fellow Jesuits in Europe. What caused earthquakes? Could they be predicted? Were they connected with the weather?

\n

In the 19th and 20th centuries, many Jesuit geophysical stations and obervatories were established in such areas as Cuba, the Philippine Islands, China, Madagascar, Lebanon, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Spain, and Jamaica. Some of these stations are no longer in operation; most have augmented their origional euqipment with instruments of recent design. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Linehan, D., 1984, Jesuits in seismology: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 4, p. 156-165.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"165","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be43e4b0f59b85e02e9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linehan, D.","contributorId":167754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linehan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85381,"text":"85381 - 1984 - Water chemistry at selected sites on Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River: A ten-year survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T14:37:01.270201","indexId":"85381","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Water chemistry at selected sites on Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River: A ten-year survey","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Butterworth Publ.","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., Jackson, G.A., and Korschgen, C.E., 1984, Water chemistry at selected sites on Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River: A ten-year survey, chap. 13 of Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River, p. 279-298.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pools 7 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.59356335138909\n ],\n [\n -91.21818267063998,\n 43.58025386259334\n ],\n [\n -91.19776610225634,\n 43.751572890330124\n ],\n [\n -91.23451592534718,\n 43.817901218956905\n ],\n [\n -91.22022432747842,\n 43.88121285751282\n ],\n [\n -91.26922409159957,\n 43.926814440909\n ],\n [\n -91.39376515873988,\n 43.998823115659604\n ],\n [\n -91.43663995234563,\n 43.99001041637359\n ],\n [\n -91.35089036513413,\n 43.897398062925504\n ],\n [\n -91.29984894417504,\n 43.825266490270934\n ],\n [\n -91.29168231682168,\n 43.78990490141615\n ],\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.77516472762318\n ],\n [\n -91.28759900314476,\n 43.67926501656808\n ],\n [\n -91.26105746424572,\n 43.59356335138909\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e14","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.C.","contributorId":111357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504461,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.V.","contributorId":18474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504459,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConville, D.R.","contributorId":59528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConville","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504460,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, G. A.","contributorId":73138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013548,"text":"70013548 - 1984 - SOME APPLICATIONS OF SEISMIC SOURCE MECHANISM STUDIES TO ASSESSING UNDERGROUND HAZARD.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013548","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SOME APPLICATIONS OF SEISMIC SOURCE MECHANISM STUDIES TO ASSESSING UNDERGROUND HAZARD.","docAbstract":"Various measures of the seismic source mechanism of mine tremors, such as magnitude, moment, stress drop, apparent stress, and seismic efficiency, can be related directly to several aspects of the problem of determining the underground hazard arising from strong ground motion of large seismic events. First, the relation between the sum of seismic moments of tremors and the volume of stope closure caused by mining during a given period can be used in conjunction with magnitude-frequency statistics and an empirical relation between moment and magnitude to estimate the maximum possible sized tremor for a given mining situation. Second, it is shown that the 'energy release rate,' a commonly-used parameter for predicting underground seismic hazard, may be misleading in that the importance of overburden stress, or depth, is overstated. Third, results involving the relation between peak velocity and magnitude, magnitude-frequency statistics, and the maximum possible magnitude are applied to the problem of estimating the frequency at which design limits of certain underground support equipment are likely to be exceeded.","conferenceTitle":"Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines.","conferenceLocation":"Johannesburg, S Afr","language":"English","publisher":"South African Inst of Mining and Metallurgy","publisherLocation":"Johannesburg, S Afr","isbn":"062006708X","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1984, SOME APPLICATIONS OF SEISMIC SOURCE MECHANISM STUDIES TO ASSESSING UNDERGROUND HAZARD., Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines., Johannesburg, S Afr, p. 199-208.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf6ee4b0c8380cd875a6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gay N.C.Wainwright E.H.","contributorId":128366,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gay N.C.Wainwright E.H.","id":536276,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013195,"text":"70013195 - 1984 - Chemical oxidation of anthracite with hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T16:34:42.883513","indexId":"70013195","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical oxidation of anthracite with hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction","docAbstract":"

Solutions of 30% H2O2 ranging from pH = 0 to pH = 11.5 have been used to oxidize anthracite at room temperature. The inorganic impurities, primarily pyrite, catalysed the oxidation and reduction of H2O2 (the Fenton reaction) to form the hydroxyl radical; the oxidation of the organic matter was minimal and was observed only in strong acidic solutions (pH < 1.5). After acid demineralization, samples of the same anthracite underwent a significant enhancement of oxidation in both acid and alkaline solutions (pH = 0.4–11.5). As all the iron had been removed from the surface and the reactions were completed in a much shorter time, the oxidation mechanism must have been of a different nature than that for the untreated anthracite. A qualitative model based on the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 by activated carbon sites in the coal surface is used to explain the oxidation of the demineralized anthracite.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(84)90041-3","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Heard, I., and Senftle, F.E., 1984, Chemical oxidation of anthracite with hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction: Fuel, v. 63, no. 2, p. 221-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(84)90041-3.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f581e4b0c8380cd4c27f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heard, I.","contributorId":28362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013593,"text":"70013593 - 1984 - Characterization and geochemistry of Devonian oil shale North Alabama - South Central Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70013593","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterization and geochemistry of Devonian oil shale North Alabama - South Central Tennessee","docAbstract":"Based on the physical and chemical data obtained to date, the Devonian oil shale rock of north Alabama and south-central Tennessee appears to offer an attractive potential for future resource development. The shale rock appears to have formed in a restrictive marine environment which provided opportunity for the accumulation of marine organic matter to form sufficient kerogen. The shale contains approximately 18% to 22% organic matter which is primarily kerogen. The kerogen has a relatively high H:C ratio indicative of an alginite and/or exinite source (Type 1 and Type II kerogen) and a high proportion of alkane and saturated ring hydrocarbons. However, a few samples have low H:C ratio values and are interpreted to have been formed in a shallow water oxidizing environment. Also, there is a possibility that these low H:C values may represent mixtures of terrestrial and marine organic material suggesting lateral facies changes of the rock from marine to near shore depositional environments. Trace metal values for both the whole rock and the shale oil fraction indicate a generally high V:Ni ratio, also indicative of a marine environment. Other trace metal values are in good agreement with data from other Devonian shales. Throughout the north Alabama and south-central Tennessee study area, the average oil yield from the shale is 13.9 gallon per ton. The highest oil yield values were obtained from the middle and upper parts of the shale sequence. Based on the crude oil composition diagram (11), the Alabama-Tennessee shale oil is classified as a aromatic-intermediate oil Estimated reserves of inplace shale oil resources in the principal study area, under less than 200 feet of overburden, exceeds 12.5 billion barrels.","largerWorkTitle":"Preprints","language":"English","issn":"05693799","usgsCitation":"Rheams, K., and Neathery, T., 1984, Characterization and geochemistry of Devonian oil shale North Alabama - South Central Tennessee, in Preprints, v. 29, no. 1, p. 113-125.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ade4b0c8380cd4be5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rheams, K.F.","contributorId":72063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheams","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neathery, T.L.","contributorId":63101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neathery","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":93721,"text":"93721 - 1984 - Bioaccumulation of toxic substances associated with dredging and dredged material disposal: a literature review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T16:11:59","indexId":"93721","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Bioaccumulation of toxic substances associated with dredging and dredged material disposal: a literature review","docAbstract":"A literature review of sediment bioassessment was conducted as the first step in the development of a more standardized and ecologically sound test procedure for evaluating sediment quality. Based on the review, the authors concluded that 1) a standardized laboratory bioassessment test should consist of flowthrough exposure of at least 10 days duration using more than one aquatic organism including at least an infaunal benthic invertebrate and a fish species. 2) Before adoption of a laboratory sediment bioassessment procedure, the laboratory results should be evaluated by comparison with field conditions. 3) Most current sediment bioassessment regulatory tests measure acute toxicity or bioaccumulation. Development of tests to evaluate chronic, sublethal effects is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Seelye, J.G., and Mac, M.J., 1984, Bioaccumulation of toxic substances associated with dredging and dredged material disposal: a literature review, 45 p.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"45","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267064,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=200071NV.txt"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seelye, James G.","contributorId":69919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013545,"text":"70013545 - 1984 - Denitrification associated with stream periphyton: Chamber estimates from undisrupted communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:39:16","indexId":"70013545","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification associated with stream periphyton: Chamber estimates from undisrupted communities","docAbstract":"

Undisrupted periphyton communities from a N‐rich (NO3− = 63 µmol L−1) and pristine (NO3− = 2.9 µmol L−1) stream were assayed for denitrifying activity (acetylene‐blockage technique) in 40‐L chambers incubated at in situ temperature and nutrient concentrations. Nitrous oxide formation associated with periphyton from the N‐rich stream was immediate and linear (52.1 µmol N2O m−2 h−1) in the dark, anaerobic chamber (50 kPa C2H2). In the corresponding light, aerobic chamber (50 kPa C2H2), N2O production was inhibited by 82% (9.3 µmol N2O m−2 h−1). Nitrous oxide formation was not associated with periphyton from the pristine stream incubated in situ, either with or without NO3− amendment.

Denitrification estimates made with undisrupted periphyton communities at in situ temperature and nutrient concentrations (40‐L chambers) were less variable than estimates made with periphyton “scrapings” in small flasks (room temperature). The calculated diel periphyton‐associated denitrification rate based on a 14‐h light‐10‐h dark day was 651 µmol N2O m−2 d−1. The data suggest denitrification within periphyton mats may contribute toward removal of NO3− from N‐rich fluvial environments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040002x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Duff, J., Triska, F., and Oremland, R., 1984, Denitrification associated with stream periphyton: Chamber estimates from undisrupted communities: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 13, no. 4, p. 514-518, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040002x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe98e4b0c8380cd4edfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013287,"text":"70013287 - 1984 - Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:30:19.695883","indexId":"70013287","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada","docAbstract":"

The massive ore contains two major generations of pyrite, a fine and a coarse grained, both of which show a striking variety of textures involving quartz. Framboidal pyrite in the argillite host rock has delta 34 S values of approximately -24 per mil indicating the presence of a euxinic environment. The delta 34 S values of fine-grained pyrite in the massive ore range from degrees 6.4 to + or -2.0 per mil; those of coarse-grained pyrite range from -3.5 to + or -5.5 per mil. A significant portion of the isotopically light sulfur for the early, fine-grained hydrothermal pyrite in the massive lens was probably derived from framboidal biogenic pyrite in interflow sediments of the underlying greenstone pillow lavas. Microcrystalline quartz in massive ore, hanging-wall jasper, footwall hydrothermal chert and coarse quartz from hanging-wall and footwall stringer zones have delta 18 O values between 15.6 and 19.6 per mil; one sample of vein hematite has a value of 4.4 per mil. The combined sulfur and oxygen isotope and textural data indicate that much of the material in the massive lens originally precipitated as fine-grained pyrite or as a precursor iron sulfide along with some silica from a hydrothermal plume similar to those recently observed at the East Pacific Rise spreading center at lat 21 degrees N. The primary material underwent recrystallization, mineralization, and late-stage quartz deposition in the presence of later fluids which had distinctly different sulfur isotope compositions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.124","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., Roberts, R.J., Snyder, W., Lahusen, G., and Motica, J., 1984, Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 79, no. 1, p. 124-140, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.124.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5ffe4b08c986b320dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, R. J.","contributorId":58250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, W.S.","contributorId":107428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahusen, G.L.","contributorId":61157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Motica, J.E.","contributorId":96005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motica","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013483,"text":"70013483 - 1984 - Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 2. A dynamic analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:28:09","indexId":"70013483","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 2. A dynamic analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport","docAbstract":"

Solute transport in streams is determined by the interaction of physical and chemical processes. Data from an injection experiment for chloride and several cations indicate significant influence of solutestreambed processes on transport in a mountain stream. These data are interpreted in terms of transient storage processes for all tracers and sorption processes for the cations. Process parameter values are estimated with simulations based on coupled quasi-two-dimensional transport and first-order mass transfer sorption. Comparative simulations demonstrate the relative roles of the physical and chemical processes in determining solute transport. During the first 24 hours of the experiment, chloride concentrations were attenuated relative to expected plateau levels. Additional attenuation occurred for the sorbing cation strontium. The simulations account for these storage processes. Parameter values determined by calibration compare favorably with estimates from other studies in mountain streams. Without further calibration, the transport of potassium and lithium is adequately simulated using parameters determined in the chloride-strontium simulation and with measured cation distribution coefficients.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i012p01804","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., 1984, Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 2. A dynamic analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine solute transport: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 12, p. 1804-1814, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i012p01804.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1804","endPage":"1814","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd1e4b0c8380cd63085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":366160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85492,"text":"85492 - 1984 - Species composition of fish communities in northern Wisconsin lakes: Relation to pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"85492","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Species composition of fish communities in northern Wisconsin lakes: Relation to pH","docAbstract":"Fish communities in circumneutral Wisconsin lakes contained significantly more species than did those in acidic lakes (pH 5.1-6.0). Common, as well as rare, species occurred with lower frequency in acidic lakes than in circumneutral lakes. Certain taxa, such as minnows and darters, were either absent or rare in the acidic lakes, probably because of pH-related stress. The differences in species composition and richness of fish communities between acidic and circumneutral lakes did not appear to be related to differences in physical habitat characteristics, past fish migrations or productivity between the two lake groups.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Early Biotic Responses to Advancing Lake Acidification. ACID-PRECIP.-SER. vol. 6","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Butterworth Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","isbn":"0250405717","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., Rago, P., and Eilers, J., 1984, Species composition of fish communities in northern Wisconsin lakes: Relation to pH, chap. of Early Biotic Responses to Advancing Lake Acidification. ACID-PRECIP.-SER. vol. 6, v. 6, 133-146.","productDescription":"133-146","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6292","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hendrey, G.R.","contributorId":113957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrey","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504521,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eilers, J.M.","contributorId":29103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}