{"pageNumber":"4649","pageRowStart":"116200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165579,"records":[{"id":70013466,"text":"70013466 - 1984 - MAPPING IN MICRONESIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013466","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MAPPING IN MICRONESIA.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey has recently completed a series of new topographic maps of Micronesia in cooperation with the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Federal agency administering the islands. Monocolor 1:10,000-scale manuscripts were compiled, from which 1:25,000-scale metric quadrangles were derived with symbology consistent with USGS quadrangle mapping. The publication of these new maps coincides with the impending political changes resulting from self-determination referendums held in Micronesia. Local sources have helped considerably with field logistics and resolution of geographic name controversies. Technical aspects of this project included development of tropical feature symbology, location of cadastral subdivisions and associated boundaries and mapping of many outlying coral reefs.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 44th Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","issn":"07483244","usgsCitation":"Olsen, R.W., and Swinnerton, J., 1984, MAPPING IN MICRONESIA., <i>in</i> Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 341-350.","startPage":"341","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ab5e4b0c8380cd68f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Randle W.","contributorId":59941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Randle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swinnerton, J.R.","contributorId":91237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinnerton","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013465,"text":"70013465 - 1984 - Local gravity anomalies produced by dislocation sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T16:29:40.73796","indexId":"70013465","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local gravity anomalies produced by dislocation sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rundle (1978) and Walsh and Rice (1979) have shown that the change in the vertical component of gravity is proportional to uplift for a spherical source of dilatation and for slip on an infinitely long dip-slip fault. In the first case, no free air gravity anomaly is produced and in the second case no Bouguer gravity anomaly. Gravity anomalies due to other dislocation sources in three dimensions are as follows: For strike-slip faulting the ratio of the gravity change to uplift depends upon position; however, the gravity change contours are roughly similar to those corresponding to a zero free air gravity anomaly. Nor is the ratio constant for dip-slip faulting except for the two special cases of dip slip on a vertical fault and horizontal slip on a horizontal fault, neither of which produce a Bouguer anomaly. The Bouguer anomaly produced by an open horizontal crack is the same as would be produced had the material within the crack been mined out without deforming the solid. If the horizontal crack were filled with material of density equal to the host rock (a good approximation to sill formation), no Bouguer anomaly is produced. For cracks of other inclinations the ratio of gravity change to uplift is not constant. Thus, dilatancy, in general, does not correspond to the absence of a free air anomaly, as might be suggested by the special case of a spherical source of dilatation. For two-dimensional models a cylindrical source of dilatation produces no free air gravity anomaly, dip-slip faulting produces no Bouguer anomaly, and open cracks produce a Bouguer anomaly equal to that which would be produced had the material within the crack been mined out without deforming the solid. A two-dimensional crack filled with material of density equal to that of the host rock would produce no Bouguer anomaly. Jachens et al. (1983) have reported temporal changes in gravity, elevation, and area strain along the San Andreas fault in southern California such that the Bouguer anomaly apparently remains unchanged and the uplift-to-strain ratio is about −100 km. Several dislocation mechanisms are proposed that fulfill these constraints, but these mechanisms appear to be rather contrived and are not regarded as satisfactory explanations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB03p01945","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., 1984, Local gravity anomalies produced by dislocation sources: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B3, p. 1945-1952, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB03p01945.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1945","endPage":"1952","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb089ib03p01945","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48dce4b0c8380cd681a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013463,"text":"70013463 - 1984 - Geomorphic and vegetative characteristics along three northern Virginia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T01:12:32.663335","indexId":"70013463","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and vegetative characteristics along three northern Virginia streams","docAbstract":"<p>Geometry, sediment, and woody-vegetation data were collected from bottomland geomorphic surfaces at valley sections along three gaged perennial streams of northern Virginia. The basins of the streams differ widely in topography and physiography; mean discharges vary from 0.196 to 323 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>per sec. Prevalent surfaces identified were the depositional bar, the active-channel shelf, the flood plain, and terraces. The stages corresponding to active-channel–shelf levels were equivalent to flow durations of 5% to 13%. Stages corresponding to flood-plain levels were equivalent to discharges with 1.4- to 2.0-yr recurrence intervals. The discharge data and statistical tests of geomorphic-surface, sediment, and vegetative data suggest that the various alluvial features are formed and maintained by hydraulically controlled sorting processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<1093:GAVCAT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., and Hupp, C., 1984, Geomorphic and vegetative characteristics along three northern Virginia streams: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, no. 9, p. 501-513, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<1093:GAVCAT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"513","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013450,"text":"70013450 - 1984 - Effect of anisotropy and groundwater system geometry on seepage through lakebeds. 1. Analog and dimensional analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:33:46","indexId":"70013450","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of anisotropy and groundwater system geometry on seepage through lakebeds. 1. Analog and dimensional analysis","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Distribution of seepage through lakebeds is controlled partly by geometric configuration of the lake and of the groundwater system interacting with the lake. To evaluate the effect of these factors, conductive-paper electric-analog models were used to analyze a number of lake and groundwater settings having different geometric configurations. Most settings analyzed are of lakes that do not penetrate the groundwater system. The width ratio, the ratio of half the lake width to thickness of the groundwater system, is the principal geometric characteristic used in this study. Because the distribution of groundwater seepage into a lake is not uniform across the lakebed, the concept of a streamlinecrowding factor is developed, and is used to determine seepage patterns from geometric characteristics of the lake and its contiguous groundwater system. Analysis of fourteen different width ratios of lake and groundwater systems indicates that lakes can be defined by three general groups of seepage patterns, which include flow patterns, volumes and rates: (1) lakes having width ratios less than ∼ 0.6 show relatively uniform distribution of seepage across the lakebed; (2) lakes having width ratios of ∼ 0.6 to ∼ 2.0 change in absolute and relative streamline crowding in the near-shore region; and (3) lakes having width ratios greater than ∼ 2.0 show stable flow patterns near shore; however, with increasing lake width, the relative streamline crowding increases relative to that width. For deep lakes and those in anisotropic media, the crowding effect is decreased, resulting in more uniform seepage across the lakebed.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(84)90051-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Pfannkuch, H., and Winter, T.C., 1984, Effect of anisotropy and groundwater system geometry on seepage through lakebeds. 1. Analog and dimensional analysis: Journal of Hydrology, v. 75, no. 1-4, p. 213-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(84)90051-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05bfe4b0c8380cd50f30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pfannkuch, H.O.","contributorId":79228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfannkuch","given":"H.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013452,"text":"70013452 - 1984 - Amino acid epimerization implies rapid sedimentation rates in Arctic Ocean cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013452","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amino acid epimerization implies rapid sedimentation rates in Arctic Ocean cores","docAbstract":"The palaeooceanography of the Arctic Ocean is less well known than any other ocean basin, due to difficulties in obtaining cores and in providing a secure chronological framework for those cores that have been raised. Most recent investigators have suggested that low sedimentation rates (0.05-0.1 cm kyr-1) have characterized the deep basins over the past 5 Myr (refs 1,2) despite the glacial-marine character of the sediment and proximity to major centres of shelf glaciation. These calculations have been primarily based on the down-core pattern in the inclination of magnetic minerals, supported by uranium-series, 14C and micropalaeontological evidence. Here we analyse amino acid diagnesis in foraminifera from two gravity cores raised from the floor of the Arctic Ocean, our results suggest that these cores span <200 kyr., conflicting with the earlier estimate of 3 Myr based on palaeomagnetic data. The chronology of other Arctic Ocean cores and previous palaeoenvironmental interpretations need re-evaluation. ?? 1984 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/310772a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Sejrup, H., Miller, G.H., Brigham-Grette, J., Lovlie, R., and Hopkins, D., 1984, Amino acid epimerization implies rapid sedimentation rates in Arctic Ocean cores: Nature, v. 310, no. 5980, p. 772-775, https://doi.org/10.1038/310772a0.","startPage":"772","endPage":"775","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/310772a0"},{"id":219918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"310","issue":"5980","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b9e4b0c8380cd483ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sejrup, H.P.","contributorId":16569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sejrup","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, G. H.","contributorId":54732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brigham-Grette, J.","contributorId":78869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham-Grette","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lovlie, R.","contributorId":37473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovlie","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkins, D.","contributorId":84899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014078,"text":"70014078 - 1984 - Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014078","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.","docAbstract":"The heat capacities of rhodochrosite, (Mn0.994Fe0.005Mg0.001)CO3, and siderite, 171(Fe0.956Mn0.042Mg0.002)CO3, were measured between 5 and 550 K by combined cryogenic-adiabatic and differential scanning calorimetry. These new data were used to reanalyse the thermodynamic properties of these phases.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., Haselton, H., and Hemingway, B.S., 1984, Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 3-4, p. 349-357.","startPage":"349","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fe8e4b0c8380cd5d1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haselton, H.T. Jr.","contributorId":83520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haselton","given":"H.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013557,"text":"70013557 - 1984 - Helium in the larderello geothermal fluid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013557","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helium in the larderello geothermal fluid","docAbstract":"A recent survey of helium concentrations in Larderello steam showed that there has been a strong decrease since earlier surveys and that the helium is concentrated in central zones of steam up-flow. The He decline and present distribution are interpreted as being due to the release of stored He produced by production-induced microfracturing. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"D’Amore, F., and Truesdell, A., 1984, Helium in the larderello geothermal fluid: Geothermics, v. 13, no. 3, p. 227-239.","startPage":"227","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a303de4b0c8380cd5d490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Amore, F.","contributorId":79629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amore","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truesdell, A.","contributorId":51919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013468,"text":"70013468 - 1984 - EFFECTS OF HIGH SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS ON VELOCITY AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTIONS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013468","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EFFECTS OF HIGH SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS ON VELOCITY AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTIONS.","docAbstract":"Several classifications are required to describe sediment-transporting flow. The flow may be turbulent or laminar, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, and may also have a uniform or nonuniform concentration profile. As sediment concentration or transport increases, the character of flow changes. Generally, fall velocity and effective fall diameter decrease. The viscosity of the mixture increases. The flow becomes non-Newtonian when particle interaction becomes dominant. In the lowest concentration ranges, flows are Newtonian, generally nonuniform by concentration, and almost exclusively turbulent. Mudflows are non-Newtonian and usually laminar flows of a nearly uniform concentration. In the interim ranges are found transitions to non-Newtonian and laminar flows and uniform concentration profiles.","conferenceTitle":"Water for Resource Development, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Coeur D'Alene, ID, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624099","usgsCitation":"McCutcheon, S.C., and Bradley, J.B., 1984, EFFECTS OF HIGH SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS ON VELOCITY AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTIONS., Water for Resource Development, Proceedings of the Conference., Coeur D'Alene, ID, USA, p. 43-47.","startPage":"43","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0458e4b0c8380cd50913","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schreiber David L.","contributorId":128421,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Schreiber David L.","id":536272,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McCutcheon, Steve C.","contributorId":84374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCutcheon","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":29272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013808,"text":"70013808 - 1984 - Evaluation of ultrafiltration for determining molecular weight of fulvic acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T21:14:56","indexId":"70013808","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of ultrafiltration for determining molecular weight of fulvic acid","docAbstract":"Two commonly used ultrafiltration membranes are evaluated for the determination of molecular weights of humic substances. Polyacrylic acids of Mr 2000 and 5000 and two well-characterized fulvic acids are used as standards. Molecular size characteristics of standards, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, are presented. Great care in evaluating molecular weight data obtained by ultrafiltration is needed because of broad nominal cutoffs and membrane-solute interactions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es00130a016","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., 1984, Evaluation of ultrafiltration for determining molecular weight of fulvic acid: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 18, no. 12, p. 978-981, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00130a016.","startPage":"978","endPage":"981","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265834,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00130a016"},{"id":220612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d01e4b0c8380cd52da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013555,"text":"70013555 - 1984 - A probabilistic model for the persistence of early planar fabrics in polydeformed pelitic schists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T23:57:04.025952","indexId":"70013555","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A probabilistic model for the persistence of early planar fabrics in polydeformed pelitic schists","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Although early planar fabrics are commonly preserved within microlithons in low-grade pelites, in higher-grade (amphibolite facies) pelitic schists fabric regeneration often appears complete. Evidence for early fabrics may be preserved within porphyroblasts but, within the matrix, later deformation often appears to totally obliterate or reorient earlier fabrics. However, examination of several hundred Dalradian pelites from Connemara, western Ireland, reveals that preservation of early fabrics is by no means uncommon; relict matrix domains, although volumetrically insignificant, are remarkably persistent even when inferred later strains are very large and fabric regeneration appears, at first sight, complete.</p><p>Deterministic plasticity theories are ill-suited to the analysis of such an inhomogeneous material response, and a probabilistic model is proposed instead. It assumes that ductile polycrystal deformation is controlled by elementary flow units which can be activated once their associated stress barrier is overcome. Bulk flow propensity is related to the proportion of simultaneous activations, and a measure of this is derived from the probabilistic interaction between a stress-barrier spectrum and an internal stress spectrum (the latter determined by the external loading and the details of internal stress transfer). The spectra are modelled as Gaussian distributions although the treatment is very general and could be adapted for other distributions. Using the time rate of change of activation probability it is predicted that, initially, fabric development will be rapid but will then slow down dramatically even though stress increases at a constant rate. This highly non-linear response suggests that early fabrics persist because they comprise unfavourable distributions of stress-barriers which remain unregenerated at the time bulk stress is stabilized by steady-state flow. Relict domains will, however, bear the highest stress and are potential upper-bound palaeostress estimators. Some factors relevant to the micromechanical explanation of relict matrix domains are discussed.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-8141(84)90091-9","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, C., 1984, A probabilistic model for the persistence of early planar fabrics in polydeformed pelitic schists: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 6, no. 1-2, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(84)90091-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e508e4b0c8380cd46a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, C.C.","contributorId":44289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012821,"text":"70012821 - 1984 - GEOLOGIC APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR DATA IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012821","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GEOLOGIC APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR DATA IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS.","docAbstract":"Side-looking airborne radar has provided a sufficiently detailed synoptic view of the central Appalachian Mountains that the images give an unparalleled representation of the size and nature of the folds within the Valley and Ridge province. The radar data show that fold wavelengths decrease abruptly south of the region of the Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia State lines. Concomittantly, this decrease in fold wavelength is accompanied by an increase in both frequency and length of disturbed zones. The model predicted by the combination of the radar images and field observations suggests a broad lateral ramp, perpendicular to the strike of the fold-belt, connecting a deeper decollement level north of the Pennsylvania, Maryland and West Virginia State lines with a shallower decollement to the south. Recently, the first author has located a field example of a lateral ramp approximately one kilometer north of Mathias, West Virginia. This lateral ramp shows an up-to-the-north configuration and the extensions both northwestward and southeastward can be seen on the radar images as a series of cross-strike lineaments.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","usgsCitation":"Pohn, H.A., and Southworth, C.S., 1984, GEOLOGIC APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR DATA IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology., Colorado Springs, CO, USA.","startPage":"349","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a144ee4b0c8380cd549bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pohn, Howard A.","contributorId":66681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohn","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Southworth, C. Scott 0000-0002-7976-7807 ssouthwo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-7807","contributorId":1608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.","email":"ssouthwo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169245,"text":"70169245 - 1984 - On the front lines in Coalinga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T14:45:24","indexId":"70169245","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the front lines in Coalinga","docAbstract":"<p>I have often been asked, \"As a city manager, what is the first thing you do in an earthquake?\" I generally say, \"Look up, something heavy might be falling on you.</p>\n<p>Actually, the first step is to declare an emergency. The city council can ratify it later. The declaration is in your emergency preparedness plan, if you can find it. Mine was under a pile of debris; but after, I turned it up, I located an old declaration from a flood disaster and inserted the word \"earthquake\" wherever I found the word \"flood.\" The declaration is necessary to give the city some protection from liability, which unfortunately, it will need.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Marcussen, G., 1984, On the front lines in Coalinga: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 5, p. 188-189.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"189","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Coalinga","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.39024353027344,\n              36.1838876271496\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.27763366699219,\n              36.18555023858626\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2735137939453,\n              36.103486012588014\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.39161682128906,\n              36.10404078863735\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.39024353027344,\n              36.1838876271496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be48e4b0f59b85e02ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marcussen, G.","contributorId":167749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcussen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180838,"text":"70180838 - 1984 - Waste water management techniques at the United States national fish hatcheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:26:40","indexId":"70180838","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Waste water management techniques at the United States national fish hatcheries","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","conferenceTitle":"13th annual aquaculture panel of the United States/Japan natural resources meeting","conferenceDate":"October-November 1984","conferenceLocation":"Osaka, Japan","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fox, A., 1984, Waste water management techniques at the United States national fish hatcheries, 13th annual aquaculture panel of the United States/Japan natural resources meeting, Osaka, Japan, October-November 1984.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d6e4b0fa1e59bc1ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, Adam G.","contributorId":179021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11182,"text":"ofr84254 - 1984 - Geology of Giant Forest-Lodgepole area, Sequoia National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T19:41:30.895727","indexId":"ofr84254","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-254","title":"Geology of Giant Forest-Lodgepole area, Sequoia National Park, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84254","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., and Moore, J., 1984, Geology of Giant Forest-Lodgepole area, Sequoia National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-254, Report: 13 p.; 1 Plate: 31.29 x 27.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84254.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 1 Plate: 31.29 x 27.32 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413924,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13327.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":38943,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0254/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0254/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38942,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0254/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Giant Forest-Lodgepole area, Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.812,\n              36.651\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.812,\n              36.5390\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.668,\n              36.5390\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.668,\n              36.651\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.812,\n              36.651\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683fa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007723,"text":"1007723 - 1984 - Phenotypic variation of the Mexican duck (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) in Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:55:33.251302","indexId":"1007723","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenotypic variation of the Mexican duck (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) in Mexico","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">A collection of 98 breeding Mexican Ducks (<i>Anas platyrhynchos diazi</i>) was made in Mexico from six areas between the United States border with Chihuahua and Lake Chapala, Jalisco, in order to study geographic variation. Plumage indices showed a relatively smooth clinal change from north to south; northern populations were most influenced by the Northern Mallard (<i>A. p. platyrhynchos</i>) phenotype. Most samples were fairly uniform; that from the Río Conchos area in northeastern Chihuahua was noticeably more variable than the others. Soft part coloration is described. Weights varied from 849 to 1,243 g in males and from 647 to 1,264 g in females. Measurements of total, wing, and culmen lengths and bill width were usually significantly larger in males at any one site, but showed no regular geographic trends. Hybridization between<span>&nbsp;</span><i>platyrhynchos</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>diazi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>phenotypes may or may not be increasing in the middle Rio Grande and Río Conchos valleys; available data are insufficient to decide. Introgression of the Northern Mallard genome into Mexican<span>&nbsp;</span><i>diazi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>populations may be largely historical owing to recent reductions in the number of migratory Mallards reaching Mexico. A spring 1978 aerial census yielded an estimate of 55,500<span>&nbsp;</span><i>diazi</i>-like birds in Mexico. Populations of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>diazi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>appear to be as large as the available habitat allows; management should be directed towards increasing and stabilizing the nesting habitat; and the stability of the zone of intergradation should be investigated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1366994","usgsCitation":"Scott, N., and Reynolds, R., 1984, Phenotypic variation of the Mexican duck (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) in Mexico: Condor, v. 86, p. 266-274, https://doi.org/10.2307/1366994.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol86/iss3/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":129804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6873e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, N.J. Jr.","contributorId":8407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"N.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R.P.","contributorId":104439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169905,"text":"70169905 - 1984 - Volcanic studies at the David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-29T14:54:05","indexId":"70169905","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic studies at the David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., 1984, Volcanic studies at the David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory.: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 2, p. 44-51.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fba7c2e4b0a6037df1a181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S.","contributorId":28451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013946,"text":"70013946 - 1984 - Chemical equilibration of the Earth's core and upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:17:30.433759","indexId":"70013946","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical equilibration of the Earth's core and upper mantle","docAbstract":"<p>The oxygen fugacity (fO<sub>2</sub>) of the Earth's upper mantle appears to lie somewhat above that of the iron-wüstite buffer, its fO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is assumed to have been similar to the present value at the time of core formation. In the upper mantle, the Fe-rich liquid protocore that would form under such conditions of fO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>at elevated temperatures would lie predominantly in the system Fe-S-O. Distribution coefficients for Co, Cu, Ni, Ir, Au, Ir, W, Re, Mo, Ag and Ga between such liquids and basalt are known and minimum values are known for Ge. From these coefficients, upper mantle abundances for the above elements can be calculated by assuming cosmic abundances for the whole Earth and equilibrium between the Fe-S-O protocore and upper mantle. These calculated abundances are surprisingly close to presently known upper mantle abundances; agreements are within a factor of 5, except for Cu, W, and Mo. Therefore, siderophile element abundances in the upper mantle based on known distribution coefficients do not demand a late-stage meteoritic bombardment, and a protocore formed from the upper mantle containing S and O seems likely.</p><p>As upper mantle abundances fit a local equilibrium model, then either the upper mantle has not been mixed with the rest of the mantle since core formation, or else partition coefficients between protocore and mantle were similar for the whole mantle regardless of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>P</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">P</span></span></span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>T</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">T</span></span></span>, and fO<sub>2</sub>. The latter possibility seems unlikely over such a<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>P-T</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">P-T</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>range.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90054-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Brett, R., 1984, Chemical equilibration of the Earth's core and upper mantle: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 6, p. 1183-1188, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90054-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1183","endPage":"1188","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57ae4b0c8380cd4c246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brett, R.","contributorId":106632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brett","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180414,"text":"70180414 - 1984 - Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in <i>Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180414,"text":"70180414 - 1984 - Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in <i>Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981</i>","indexId":"70180414","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in <i>Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38497,"text":"pp1375 - 1984 - Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981","indexId":"pp1375","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":38497,"text":"pp1375 - 1984 - Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981","indexId":"pp1375","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T16:11:59","indexId":"70180414","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1375","title":"Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in <i>Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Geologic mapping and potassium-argon dating by R. L. Detterman, F. H. Wilson, J. E. Case, and Nora Shew in the Ugashik and western part of the Karluk quadrangles have shown that the Eocene and Oligocene volcanic arc continues into these quadrangles from the south in the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles. Surface exposures of the arc extend northward to approximately 57°30'N., or midway through the Ugashik quadrangle, but none are observed north of that point. Subsurface drill-hole data (Brockway and others, 1975) indicate continuation of the arc, possibly offset to the northwest of the northernmost known surface exposures.</p><p>In the extreme northern part of the Ugashik and Karluk quadrangles, volcanic rocks again become important. These volcanic rocks are as yet undated; however, they may be related to the Katmai late Tertiary volcanic centers.</p><p>Like the early Tertiary volcanic arc, the present-day Aleutian arc is also offset to the northwest in the northern part of the Ugashik and Karluk quadrangles. No major offset of the Mesozoic rocks is indicated through the offset zone; this fact suggests a change in the Tertiary tectonic regime in the area of the offset.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981 (Professional Paper 1375)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70180414","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in <i>Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1375, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180414.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1375/report.pdf#page=88","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Karluk quadrangle, Ugashik quadrangle","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905f07e4b072a7ac0cadc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":661614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013948,"text":"70013948 - 1984 - Oxidation of pyrite in coal to magnetite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T16:29:26.135325","indexId":"70013948","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxidation of pyrite in coal to magnetite","docAbstract":"<p><span>When bituminous coal is heated in an inert atmosphere (He) containing small amounts of oxygen at 393–455 °C, pyrite (FeS</span><sub>2</sub><span>) in coal is partially converted to magnetite (Fe</span><sub>3</sub><span>0</span><sub>4</sub><span>). The maximum amount of Fe</span><sub>3</sub><span>0</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;formed during the time of heating corresponds to 5–20% of the total pyrite present, depending on the coal sample. The magnetite forms as an outer crust on the pyrite grains. The fact that the magnetic properties of the pyrite grains are substantially increased by the magnetite crust suggests that pyrite can be separated from coal by use of a low magnetic field. In a laboratory test, 75% removal is obtained by means of a 500 Oe magnet on three samples, and 60% on a fourth sample.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(84)90163-7","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Thorpe, A.N., Senftle, F.E., Alexander, C., and Dulong, F., 1984, Oxidation of pyrite in coal to magnetite: Fuel, v. 63, no. 5, p. 662-668, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(84)90163-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"662","endPage":"668","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7269e4b0c8380cd76aa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorpe, A. N.","contributorId":53504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorpe","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, C.C.","contributorId":34256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169268,"text":"70169268 - 1984 - Stalking the next Parkfield earthquake in Central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T16:55:55","indexId":"70169268","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stalking the next Parkfield earthquake in Central California","docAbstract":"<p>Looking southeast from Middle Mountain toward Gold Hill, it is a subtle furrow in the grassy knolls of the Cholame Valley of California's Coast Range. To geophysicists, this 19-mile section of the San Andreas fault midway between San Francisco and Los Angeles is the most well understood, most intensely monitored fault in the world. As such, it is also the most likely place for American earthquake researchers to become earthquake predictors.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The present understanding of the fault has already prompted speculations that the next moderate Parkfield earthquake will strike in early 1988, give or take a few years. Perhaps more importnat, the next rupture of the Parkfield section of the fault could get out of hand and create a much larger earthquake.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1984, Stalking the next Parkfield earthquake in Central California: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 6, p. 215-224.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.7012939453125,\n              36.19109202182454\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.86883544921875,\n              36.10459556076901\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.23986816406249,\n              35.52552053465409\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05035400390625,\n              35.6907639509368\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7012939453125,\n              36.19109202182454\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be51e4b0f59b85e02f11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013949,"text":"70013949 - 1984 - A rapid, partial leach and organic separation for the sensitive determination of Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn in surface geologic materials by flame atomic absorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:37:13.442102","indexId":"70013949","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid, partial leach and organic separation for the sensitive determination of Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn in surface geologic materials by flame atomic absorption","docAbstract":"<div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">A solution of dilute hydrochloric acid, ascorbic acid, and potassium iodide has been found to dissolve weakly bound metals in soils, stream sediments, and oxidized rocks. Silver, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn are selectively extracted from this solution by a mixture of Aliquat 336 (tricaprylyl methyl ammonium chloride) and MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone). Because potentially interfering major and minor elements do not extract, the organic separation allows interference-free determinations of Ag and Cd to the 0.05 ppm level, Mo, Cu, and Zn to 0.5 ppm, and Bi, Pb, and Sb to 1 ppm in the sample using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The analytical absorbance values of the organic solution used in the proposed method are generally enhanced more than threefold as compared to aqueous solutions, due to more efficient atomization and burning characteristics. The leaching and extraction procedures are extremely rapid; as many as 100 samples may be analyzed per day, yielding 800 determinations, and the technique is adaptable to field use.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The proposed method was compared to total digestion methods for geochemical reference samples as well as soils and stream sediments from mineralized and unmineralized areas. The partial leach showed better anomaly contrasts than did total digestions. Because the proposed method is very rapid and is sensitive to pathfinder elements for several types of ore deposits, it should be useful for reconnaissance surveys for concealed deposits.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(84)90076-1","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Viets, J., Clark, J.R., and Campbell, W.L., 1984, A rapid, partial leach and organic separation for the sensitive determination of Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn in surface geologic materials by flame atomic absorption: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 20, no. 3, p. 355-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(84)90076-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52ee4b0c8380cd46bbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viets, J.G.","contributorId":82300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viets","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, J. R.","contributorId":55764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, W. L.","contributorId":46939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013947,"text":"70013947 - 1984 - 10Be accumulation in a soil chronosequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:49:34.767456","indexId":"70013947","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"10Be accumulation in a soil chronosequence","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>We have measured the concentration of the cosmogenic isotope<sup>10</sup>Be in soil samples from various horizons at six sites, including three independently dated Rappahannock River terraces and a previously undated Piedmont soil to which we have assigned an age. All of the incident<sup>10</sup>Be can be accounted for in one of these soils and a second is within a factor of two. In three soils, whose concentrations vary widely with depth, a significant fraction of the incident<sup>10</sup>Be cannot be accounted for. Incomplete sampling, and enhanced Be mobility caused by organic components, are the probable reasons for the low inventory of Be from these three soils. Overall, the data from these six sites indicate that<sup>10</sup>Be accumulation could be used to assign ages to soils if Be is not mobilized and lost from the soil profile.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(84)90151-1","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Pavich, M., Brown, L., Klein, J., and Middleton, R., 1984, 10Be accumulation in a soil chronosequence: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 68, no. 2, p. 198-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90151-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e222e4b0c8380cd459a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, J.","contributorId":90885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Middleton, R.","contributorId":43105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003164,"text":"1003164 - 1984 - Effects of twenty-five compounds on four species of aquatic fungi (Saprolegniales) pathogenic to fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T14:42:11.396172","indexId":"1003164","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of twenty-five compounds on four species of aquatic fungi (Saprolegniales) pathogenic to fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>Four species of aquatic fungi (</span><i>Achlya flagellata, A. racemosa, Saprolegnia hypogyna</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>S. megasperma</i><span>) were exposed to 25 chemicals representing seven classes of compounds for 15 and 60 min, in an effort to identify potential fungicidal agents for use in fish culture. The antifungal activity of each chemical was compared with that of malachite green, a reference compound with known fungicidal properties but not registered for fishery use. Six compounds which inhibited fungal growth on artificial media at concentrations of &lt; 100 mg/l (listed in order of decreasing antifungal activity) were the cationics Du-ter</span><sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;and copper oxychloride sulfate, the amine Lesan</span><sup>®</sup><span>, the amide BAS-389-O1F and the cationics Cuprimyxin</span><sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;and Roccal</span><sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;II. Certain chemicals from these classes of compounds may have promise as aquatic fungicides.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(84)90222-9","usgsCitation":"Bailey, T.A., 1984, Effects of twenty-five compounds on four species of aquatic fungi (Saprolegniales) pathogenic to fish: Aquaculture, v. 38, no. 2, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(84)90222-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131260,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6101b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Tom A.","contributorId":90281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013950,"text":"70013950 - 1984 - MAJOR SOURCE OF NEW RADAR DATA FOR EXPLORATION RESEARCH.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70013950","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MAJOR SOURCE OF NEW RADAR DATA FOR EXPLORATION RESEARCH.","docAbstract":"In 1980, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a program to acquire high-quality, side-looking, airborne-radar (SLAR) imagery of selected areas of the United States. The program goals were to demonstrate the usefulness of SLAR imagery for geologic exploration and geoscience applications and to make radar data readily available to the public for additional research and economic applications. Considerable SLAR imagery has been acquired already since 1980 under a mandate from the U. S. Congress. The U. S. Geological Survey is actively engaged in demonstrating the usefulness of radar imagery, and since 1980 has started more than 50 studies addressing geologic, cartographic, and hydrologic applications. All of the radar-imagery products acquired by the USGS during 1980 and 1982 have been archived and are available for public sale.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","usgsCitation":"Kover, A.N., Jones, J.E., and Southworth, C.S., 1984, MAJOR SOURCE OF NEW RADAR DATA FOR EXPLORATION RESEARCH., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology., Colorado Springs, CO, USA, p. 853-862.","startPage":"853","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aafe4b0c8380cd68f6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kover, Allan N.","contributorId":90809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kover","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John Edwin","contributorId":77301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southworth, C. Scott 0000-0002-7976-7807 ssouthwo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-7807","contributorId":1608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.","email":"ssouthwo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014073,"text":"70014073 - 1984 - Pegmatite/wallrock interactions, Black Hills, South Dakota: Progressive boron metasomatism adjacent to the Tip Top pegmatite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:27:24.961616","indexId":"70014073","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pegmatite/wallrock interactions, Black Hills, South Dakota: Progressive boron metasomatism adjacent to the Tip Top pegmatite","docAbstract":"<p>Interaction between country rock and fluids derived from the Tip Top pegmatite has resulted in a series of boron enriched assemblages. Between unaltered quartz-mica schist to the pegmatite contact is a succession of four mineral assemblages:</p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">1.</span><p>(1) Quartz-Biotite-Potassium Feldspar assemblage (Q-B-K), which consists essentially of the original metamorphic silicate assemblage plus anomalously high amounts of modal tourmaline</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">2.</span><p>(2) Quartz-Biotite-Tourmaline assemblage (Q-B-T)</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">3.</span><p>(3) Tourmaline-Quartz-Muscovite assemblage (T-Q-M)</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">4.</span><p>(4) Tourmaline-Quartz assemblage (T-Q). Alkali elements (Cs, Rb, K, Li), SiO<sub>2</sub>, and Ba show a decrease from the Q-B-K assemblage to the T-Q assemblage. A1<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Ga, B, total Fe and Zn increase moderately from the Q-B-K assemblage to the T-Q assemblage.</p></li></ul><p>The mineral chemistries also change considerably. The Mg/(Mg + Fe<sup>2+</sup>) ratios in biotites range from 0.54 to 0.50 in samples from the Q-B-K assemblage to 0.39 in the (Q-B-T) assemblage. The range in tourmaline end-member components from the Q-B-K assemblage to the T-Q assemblage is as follows: Q-B-K: Dravite<sub>.63</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>Schorl<sub>.23</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>Elbaite<sub>.05</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>Buergerite<sub>.09</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>T-Q: Dravite<sub>.23</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>Schorl<sub>.37</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>Elbaite<sub>.17</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>Buergerite<sub>.23</sub>.</p><p>Observed variations in mineral assemblage and whole rock chemistry within the alteration zone appear to a first approximation to be a function of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>μB</i><sub>2</sub><i>O</i><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(boron metasomatism) and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>μK</i><sub>2</sub><i>O</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(alkali leaching). The breakdown of feldspar and biotite may be approximated by reactions: 2HCl + 2(K, Na)AlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>/ai 2(K, Na)Cl + Al<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 5SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>+ H<sub>2</sub>O and 2 Annite + SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 5Al<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 2NaCl + 6H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>/ai 2 Tourmaline + 2KCl + 7H<sub>2</sub>O.</p><p>The alteration zone may represent either a single episode (B-, Cs-, Li-, Rb-enriched fluid) or multiple episodes (B, Zn, Mn fluid and Cs, Li, Rb fluid) of pegmatite fluid-schist interactions. In both situations, B in the aqueous fluid from the pegmatite reacts with the schist breaking down sheet silicate “traps” for Cs, Rb, Li, and K and forming tourmaline-rich assemblages.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90306-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Shearer, C., Papike, J.J., Simon, S., Laul, J., and Christian, R., 1984, Pegmatite/wallrock interactions, Black Hills, South Dakota: Progressive boron metasomatism adjacent to the Tip Top pegmatite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 12, p. 2563-2579, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90306-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2563","endPage":"2579","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7634e4b0c8380cd77fab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shearer, C.K.","contributorId":53537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, S.B.","contributorId":31533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laul, J.C.","contributorId":90047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laul","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christian, R.P.","contributorId":51313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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