Water use and water withdrawals and returns in 2010 are estimated for each major river basin, principal aquifer, water-planning region, and county in Georgia using data obtained from various Federal and State agencies and local sources. Offstream water use in 2010 is estimated for the categories of public supply, domestic, commercial, industrial, mining, irrigation, livestock, aquaculture, and thermoelectric power. Water-use trends for 1985 to 2010 are also shown.
\nThe period between 2007 and 2010 was a challenging time economically and climatologically in Georgia. During that period, the United States was in the midst of a major recession, resulting in decreases in the manufacturing and construction industries and large increases in unemployment. During 2007, 2008, and the latter half of 2010, precipitation in Georgia was substantially below the 30-year norm.
\nAccording to the 2010 Census of Population and Housing, nearly 9.7 million people lived in Georgia. The water for about 85 percent of that population was provided by public water suppliers. Estimated total water withdrawals from ground-water and surface-water sources were about 4,670 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 2010, about a 15-percent reduction from 2005 (5,471 Mgal/d). In 2010, thermoelectric-power facilities (2,046 Mgal/d) and public-supply uses (1,121 Mgal/d) accounted for 68 percent of all water withdrawn in Georgia. Surface-water withdrawals were greatest for thermoelectric-power generation (2,043 Mgal/d), whereas irrigation used the largest amount of groundwater (599 Mgal/d). Surface water provided 78 percent of the 1,121 Mgal/day withdrawn for public supply in 2010. Typically, counties in northern Georgia withdraw a larger percentage of water from surface water than groundwater sources; whereas, counties in the southern part of the State withdraw more water from groundwater sources.
\nHistorically, water withdrawals in Georgia were highest in 1980 (6,725 Mgal/d). By 1990, water use had decreased by 20 percent to 5,353 Mgal/d, but increased to 6,487 Mgal/d in 2000. By 2005, water use had decreased to an estimated 5,471 Mgal/d, and declined further to 4,670 Mgal/d in 2010—a 30-percent decrease since 1980. This decline was evident across all water-use categories, but was greatest for surface-water withdrawals by thermoelectric-power facilities. The estimated total water use per capita in 1985 (total withdrawals for all categories divided by total population) was about 850 gallons per day (gal/d), steadily decreasing to about 798 gal/d in 2000, and decreasing further to 460 gal/d in 2010. Although water use declined among all use categories during that 10-year period, most of the decline in per capita water use was caused by the large decrease in water used for thermoelectric-power generation.
\nThroughout 1985–2010 water withdrawn for thermoelectric-power generation has constituted the largest volume of offstream water use in Georgia. Total withdrawals for thermoelectric-power generation declined about 37 percent between 2000 and 2010, mostly due to the decommissioning of power plants in the State. Also during this period, several power plants were shut down and re-tooled to use natural gas-powered generators; thus, water withdrawals for cooling were substantially reduced.
\nThe decline in water withdrawals and use between 2005 and 2010 can probably be attributed to several factors working together during this period: (1) water conservation laws and policies along with advances in water-conservation technology; (2) the onset of a major recession in 2007; and (3) below average rainfall in 2007, 2008, and the latter half of 2010. Because of these factors, water withdrawn by public suppliers decreased by 4.8 percent (despite a nearly 11-percent increase in population served) and per capita use decreased by 19 percent between 2005 and 2010.
\nAbout 2,225 Mgal/d of water was returned to Georgia streams and lakes in 2010 under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program administered by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division. This amount is about 48 percent of the total water withdrawn from all sources in 2010. Water returns declined 39 percent between 1995 and 2010, mirroring the decline in water withdrawals during that period. In addition, land applications of treated wastewater increased steadily between 1995 and 2010.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, S.J., 2016, Water use in Georgia by county for 2010 and water-use trends, 1985–2010 (ver. 1.1, January 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1230, 206 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151230.","productDescription":"viii, 206 p.","numberOfPages":"218","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037442","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1230/ofr20151230.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1230"},{"id":312329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1230/coverthbn.jpg"},{"id":314402,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1230/verHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1230"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.594482421875,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 32.222095840502334\n ],\n [\n -85.166015625,\n 31.83089906339438\n ],\n [\n -85.05615234375,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 31.21280145833882\n ],\n [\n -84.91333007812499,\n 30.72294882477251\n ],\n [\n -82.24365234375,\n 30.5717205651999\n ],\n [\n -82.188720703125,\n 30.363396239603716\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -82.034912109375,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -81.89208984375,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 30.62845887475364\n ],\n [\n -81.10107421874999,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 31.942839972853083\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 32.55607364492029\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 33.08233672856376\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -82.518310546875,\n 33.93424531117312\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 34.4793919710481\n ],\n [\n -83.045654296875,\n 34.470335121217495\n ],\n [\n -83.375244140625,\n 34.732584206123626\n ],\n [\n -83.08959960937499,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -85.594482421875,\n 34.994003757575776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted December 16, 2015; Version 1.1: January 15, 2016","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
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720 Gracern Road
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http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
Many tropical islands have limited water resources with historically increasing demand, all potentially affected by a changing climate. The effects of climate change on island hydrology are difficult to model due to steep local precipitation gradients and sparse data. This work uses 10 statistically downscaled general circulation models (GCMs) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios to evaluate the uncertainty propagated from GCMs in projecting the effects of climate change on water resources in a tropical island system. The assessment is conducted using a previously configured hydrologic model, the Precipitation Runoff Modelling System (PRMS) for Puerto Rico. Projected climate data and their modelled hydrologic variables versus historical measurements and their modelled hydrologic variables are found to have empirical distribution functions that are statistically different with less than 1 year of daily data aggregation. Thus, only annual averages of the projected hydrologic variables are employed as completely bias‐corrected model outputs. The magnitude of the projected total flow decreases in the four regions covering Puerto Rico, but with a large range of uncertainty depending on the makeup of the GCM ensemble. The multi‐model mean projected total flow decreases by 49–88% of historical amounts from the 1960s to the 2090s for the high emissions scenarios and by 39–79% for the low emissions scenarios. Subsurface flow contributions decreased the least and groundwater flow contributions decreased the most across the island. At locations critical to water supply for human use, projected streamflow is shown to decrease substantially below projected withdrawals by 2099.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.4560","usgsCitation":"Van Beusekom, A.E., Gould, W.A., Terando, A.J., and Collazo, J.A., 2016, Climate change and water resources in a tropical island system: Propagation of uncertainty from statistically downscaled climate models to hydrologic models: International Journal of Climatology, v. 36, no. 9, p. 3370-3383, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4560.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3370","endPage":"3383","ipdsId":"IP-062479","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.4066162109375,\n 17.814071002942764\n ],\n [\n -65.56915283203125,\n 17.814071002942764\n ],\n [\n -65.56915283203125,\n 18.609807415471877\n ],\n [\n -67.4066162109375,\n 18.609807415471877\n ],\n [\n -67.4066162109375,\n 17.814071002942764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Beusekom, Ashley E. 0000-0002-6996-978X beusekom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6996-978X","contributorId":3992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Beusekom","given":"Ashley","email":"beusekom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, William A.","contributorId":103535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terando, Adam J. 0000-0002-9280-043X aterando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":173447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":217287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160380,"text":"70160380 - 2016 - Acute and chronic toxicity of sodium sulfate to four freshwater organisms in water-only exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:36:14","indexId":"70160380","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-15T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute and chronic toxicity of sodium sulfate to four freshwater organisms in water-only exposures","docAbstract":"The acute and chronic toxicity of sulfate (tested as sodium sulfate) was determined in diluted well water (hardness of 100 mg/L and pH 8.2) with a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia; 2-d and 7-d exposures), a midge (Chironomus dilutus; 4-d and 41-d exposures), a unionid mussel (pink mucket, Lampsilis abrupta; 4-d and 28-d exposures), and a fish (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas; 4-d and 34-d exposures). Among the 4 species, the cladoceran and mussel were acutely more sensitive to sulfate than the midge and fathead minnow, whereas the fathead minnow was chronically more sensitive than the other 3 species. Acute-to-chronic ratios ranged from 2.34 to 5.68 for the 3 invertebrates but were as high as 12.69 for the fish. The fathead minnow was highly sensitive to sulfate during the transitional period from embryo development to hatching in the diluted well water, and thus, additional short-term (7- to 14-d) sulfate toxicity tests were conducted starting with embryonic fathead minnow in test waters with different ionic compositions at a water hardness of 100 mg/L. Increasing chloride in test water from 10 mg Cl/L to 25 mg Cl/L did not influence sulfate toxicity to the fish, whereas increasing potassium in test water from 1mg K/L to 3mg K/L substantially reduced the toxicity of sulfate. The results indicate that both acute and chronic sulfate toxicity data, and the influence of potassium on sulfate toxicity to fish embryos, need to be considered when environmental guidance values for sulfate are developed or refined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1002/etc.3148","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Consbrock, R.A., Ingersoll, C.G., Hardesty, D., Brumbaugh, W.G., Hammer, E.J., Bauer, C.R., and Mount, D.R., 2016, Acute and chronic toxicity of sodium sulfate to four freshwater organisms in water-only exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 1, p. 115-127, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3148.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064762","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56753c39e4b0da412f4f8bc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Consbrock, Rebecca A. 0000-0002-5748-7046 rconsbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-7046","contributorId":3095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Consbrock","given":"Rebecca","email":"rconsbrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardesty, Douglas K. dhardesty@usgs.gov","contributorId":3281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"Douglas K.","email":"dhardesty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hammer, Edward J.","contributorId":150723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammer","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":18077,"text":"U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Water Quality Branch, Chicago, Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bauer, Candice R.","contributorId":150724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":18077,"text":"U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Water Quality Branch, Chicago, Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mount, David R.","contributorId":150725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mount","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":18078,"text":"U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70160226,"text":"70160226 - 2016 - The current status of mapping karst areas and availability of public sinkhole-risk resources in karst terrains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T13:53:44","indexId":"70160226","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-15T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The current status of mapping karst areas and availability of public sinkhole-risk resources in karst terrains of the United States","docAbstract":"Subsidence from sinkhole collapse is a common occurrence in areas underlain by water-soluble rocks such as carbonate and evaporite rocks, typical of karst terrain. Almost all 50 States within the United States (excluding Delaware and Rhode Island) have karst areas, with sinkhole damage highest in Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania. A conservative estimate of losses to all types of ground subsidence was $125 million per year in 1997. This estimate may now be low, as review of cost reports from the last 15 years indicates that the cost of karst collapses in the United States averages more than $300 million per year. Knowing when a catastrophic event will occur is not possible; however, understanding where such occurrences are likely is possible. The US Geological Survey has developed and maintains national-scale maps of karst areas and areas prone to sinkhole formation. Several States provide additional resources for their citizens; Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania maintain databases of sinkholes or karst features, with Florida, Kentucky, Missouri, and Ohio providing sinkhole reporting mechanisms for the public.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-015-1333-3","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., Weary, D.J., and Kaufmann, J.E., 2016, The current status of mapping karst areas and availability of public sinkhole-risk resources in karst terrains of the United States: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 24, no. 3, p. 613-624, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1333-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"624","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064145","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1333-3","text":"Publisher Index 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dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaufmann, James E. jkaufmann@usgs.gov","contributorId":2312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufmann","given":"James","email":"jkaufmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":582105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164524,"text":"70164524 - 2016 - Radiometric dating of marine-influenced coal using Re–Os geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T13:23:41","indexId":"70164524","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric dating of marine-influenced coal using Re–Os geochronology","docAbstract":"Coal deposits are integral to understanding the structural evolution and thermal history of sedimentary basins and correlating contemporeous estuarine and fluvial delatic strata with marine sections. While marine shales may readily lend themselves to Re–Os dating due to the dominance of hydrogenous Re and Os, the lack of a chronometer for near-shore sedimentary environments hampers basinwide correlations in absolute time. Here, we employ the Re–Os geochronometer, along with total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock–Eval data, to determine the timing and conditions of a marine incursion at the top of the Matewan coal bed, Kanawha Formation, Pottsville Group, West Virginia, USA. The observed range for hydrogen index (HI: 267–290 mg hydrocarbon/gram total organic carbon) for these coal samples suggests dominance of aliphatic hydrocarbons with low carbon (<C19) chain length. Average Re (107.6±16.4 ng/g) and Os (0.52±0.09 ng/g) concentrations of the marine-influenced Matewan coal are higher by few orders of magnitude than published data for terrestrial coal. A Re–Os isochron for the Matewan coal provides an age of 325±14 Ma (Model 3; MSWD = 12; n=19; 2σ ). This is the first Re–Os age derived from coal samples; the age overlaps a new composite Re–Os age of 317±2 Ma for the immediately overlying Betsie Shale Member.
\nExternal precision for replicate Os analyses carried out for several Matewan coal samples shows a positive correlation with their HI. The HI, which is low in terrestrial organic matter, reflects the degree of marine influence. Thus, samples with the most profound marine influence also have the best analytical reproducibility. Equilibration of Os isotopes with seawater under marine conditions overwhelms variability inherited from terrestrial plant debris, decreasing scatter on the isochron. The 187Re/188Os ratios of the Matewan coal (∼3300–5135) are higher than most of those previously published for Phanerozoic black shale (mostly <2000). Mass balance calculations based on Re/TOC and Os/TOC ratios for the Matewan coal indicate that both Re and Os are primarily marine in origin, and their high 187Re/188Os ratios confirm efficient removal of both elements from a sulfidic water column into the coal. We show that Re–Os geochronology of marine-influenced coal can be a viable tool for constraining depositional ages.
\n\n
Time series of environmental measurements are essential for detecting, measuring and understanding changes in the Earth system and its biological communities. Observational series have accumulated over the past 2–5 decades from measurements across the world's estuaries, bays, lagoons, inland seas and shelf waters influenced by runoff. We synthesize information contained in these time series to develop a global view of changes occurring in marine systems influenced by connectivity to land. Our review is organized around four themes: (i) human activities as drivers of change; (ii) variability of the climate system as a driver of change; (iii) successes, disappointments and challenges of managing change at the sea-land interface; and (iv) discoveries made from observations over time. Multidecadal time series reveal that many of the world's estuarine–coastal ecosystems are in a continuing state of change, and the pace of change is faster than we could have imagined a decade ago. Some have been transformed into novel ecosystems with habitats, biogeochemistry and biological communities outside the natural range of variability. Change takes many forms including linear and nonlinear trends, abrupt state changes and oscillations. The challenge of managing change is daunting in the coastal zone where diverse human pressures are concentrated and intersect with different responses to climate variability over land and over ocean basins. The pace of change in estuarine–coastal ecosystems will likely accelerate as the human population and economies continue to grow and as global climate change accelerates. Wise stewardship of the resources upon which we depend is critically dependent upon a continuing flow of information from observations to measure, understand and anticipate future changes along the world's coastlines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13059","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Abreu, P.C., Carstensen, J., Chauvaud, L., Elmgren, R., Grall, J., Greening, H., Johansson, J.O., Kahru, M., Sherwood, E.T., Xu, J., and Yin, K., 2016, Human activities and climate variability drive fast-paced change across the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems: Global Change Biology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 513-529, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13059.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"529","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064246","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566aa23be4b09cfe53ca44db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abreu, Paulo C.","contributorId":150467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abreu","given":"Paulo","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carstensen, Jacob","contributorId":79367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carstensen","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7177,"text":"Dept of Bioscience, Aahus Univ, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chauvaud, Laurent","contributorId":72982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauvaud","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elmgren, Ragnar","contributorId":89008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmgren","given":"Ragnar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grall, Jacques","contributorId":150468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grall","given":"Jacques","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Greening, Holly","contributorId":64299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greening","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johansson, John O.R.","contributorId":150470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johansson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"O.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kahru, Mati","contributorId":150471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahru","given":"Mati","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sherwood, Edward T. 0000-0001-5330-302X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-302X","contributorId":150472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Xu, J.","contributorId":25324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Yin, Kedong","contributorId":94879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Kedong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70160011,"text":"70160011 - 2016 - High and dry: high elevations disproportionately exposed to regional climate change in Mediterranean-climate landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T12:59:29","indexId":"70160011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-08T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High and dry: high elevations disproportionately exposed to regional climate change in Mediterranean-climate landscapes","docAbstract":"Predicting climate-driven species’ range shifts depends substantially on species’ exposure to climate change. Mountain landscapes contain a wide range of topoclimates and soil characteristics that are thought to mediate range shifts and buffer species’ exposure. Quantifying fine-scale patterns of exposure across mountainous terrain is a key step in understanding vulnerability of species to regional climate change.
\nWe demonstrated a transferable, flexible approach for mapping climate change exposure in a moisture-limited, mountainous California landscape across 4 climate change projections under phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for mid-(2040–2069) and end-of-century (2070–2099).
\nWe produced a 149-year dataset (1951–2099) of modeled climatic water deficit (CWD), which is strongly associated with plant distributions, at 30-m resolution to map climate change exposure in the Tehachapi Mountains, California, USA. We defined climate change exposure in terms of departure from the 1951–1980 mean and historical range of variability in CWD in individual years and 3-year moving windows.
\nClimate change exposure was generally greatest at high elevations across all future projections, though we encountered moderate topographic buffering on poleward-facing slopes. Historically dry lowlands demonstrated the least exposure to climate change.
\nIn moisture-limited, Mediterranean-climate landscapes, high elevations may experience the greatest exposure to climate change in the 21st century. High elevation species may thus be especially vulnerable to continued climate change as habitats shrink and historically energy-limited locations become increasingly moisture-limited in the future.
\nIntersex as the manifestation of testicular oocytes (TO) in male gonochoristic fishes has been used as an indicator of estrogenic exposure. Here we evaluated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) form 19 National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the Northeast U.S. inhabiting waters on or near NWR lands for evidence of estrogenic endocrine disruption. Waterbodies sampled included rivers, lakes, impoundments, ponds, and reservoirs. Here we focus on evidence of endocrine disruption in male bass evidenced by gonad histopathology including intersex or abnormal plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) concentrations. During the fall seasons of 2008–2010, we collected male smallmouth bass (n=118) from 12 sites and largemouth bass (n=173) from 27 sites. Intersex in male smallmouth bass was observed at all sites and ranged from 60% to 100%; in male largemouth bass the range was 0–100%. Estrogenicity, as measured using a bioluminescent yeast reporter, was detected above the probable no effects concentration (0.73 ng/L) in ambient water samples from 79% of the NWR sites. Additionally, the presence of androgen receptor and glucocorticoid receptor ligands were noted as measured via novel nuclear receptor translocation assays. Mean plasma Vtg was elevated (>0.2 mg/ml) in male smallmouth bass at four sites and in male largemouth bass at one site. This is the first reconnaissance survey of this scope conducted on US National Wildlife Refuges. The baseline data collected here provide a necessary benchmark for future monitoring and justify more comprehensive NWR-specific studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.035","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, L., Blazer, V., Pinkney, A., Guy, C., Major, A., Munney, K., Mierzykowski, S., Lingenfelser, S., Secord, A., Patnode, K., Kubiak, T., Stern, C., Hahn, C.M., Iwanowicz, D.D., Walsh, H.L., and Sperry, A.J., 2016, Evidence of estrogenic endocrine disruption in smallmouth and largemouth bass inhabiting Northeast U.S. National Wildlife Refuge waters: A reconnaissance study: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 124, p. 50-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.035.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059732","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvannia, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Assabet River, Back Bay, Blackwater, Cherry Valley, Erie, Great Bay, Great Meadows, Great Swamp, John Heinzat Tinicum, Mason Neck, Missisquoi, Montezuma, Moosehorn, Ohio River Islands, Patuxent, Rappahannock, Sunkhaze, Umbagog, Wallkill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 45.321254361171476\n ],\n [\n -67.43408203124999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -67.39013671875,\n 45.321254361171476\n ],\n [\n -67.1044921875,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -66.8408203125,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -68.48876953125,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -69.76318359375,\n 43.67581809328344\n ],\n [\n -70.46630859375,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -70.7080078125,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -71.8505859375,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -74.02587890625,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -75.95947265625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -75.87158203125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 41.492120839687786\n ],\n [\n -80.61767578124999,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 45.321254361171476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5667ff39e4b06a3ea36c8e0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":150383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R. 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0000-0002-4815-3730 asperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-3730","contributorId":5872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"Adam","email":"asperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70159915,"text":"70159915 - 2016 - Contrasting distributions of groundwater arsenic and uranium in the western Hetao basin, Inner Mongolia: Implication for origins and fate controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T09:05:52","indexId":"70159915","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-03T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting distributions of groundwater arsenic and uranium in the western Hetao basin, Inner Mongolia: Implication for origins and fate controls","docAbstract":"Although As concentrations have been investigated in shallow groundwater from the Hetao basin, China, less is known about U and As distributions in deep groundwater, which would help to better understand their origins and fate controls. Two hundred and ninety-nine groundwater samples, 122 sediment samples, and 14 rock samples were taken from the northwest portion of the Hetao basin, and analyzed for geochemical parameters. Results showed contrasting distributions of groundwater U and As, with high U and low As concentrations in the alluvial fans along the basin margins, and low U and high As concentrations downgradient in the flat plain. The probable sources of both As and U in groundwater were ultimately traced to the bedrocks in the local mountains (the Langshan Mountains). Chemical weathering of U-bearing rocks (schist, phyllite, and carbonate veins) released and mobilized U as UO2(CO3)22 − and UO2(CO3)34 − species in the alluvial fans under oxic conditions and suboxic conditions where reductions of Mn and NO3− were favorable (OSO), resulting in high groundwater U concentrations. Conversely, the recent weathering of As-bearing rocks (schist, phyllite, and sulfides) led to the formation of As-bearing Fe(III) (hydr)oxides in sediments, resulting in low groundwater As concentrations. Arsenic mobilization and U immobilization occurred in suboxic conditions where reduction of Fe(III) oxides was favorable and reducing conditions (SOR). Reduction of As-bearing Fe(III) (hydr)oxides, which were formed during palaeo-weathering and transported and deposited as Quaternary aquifer sediments, was believed to release As into groundwater. Reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) would lead to the formation of uraninite, and therefore remove U from groundwater. We conclude that the contrasting distributions of groundwater As and U present a challenge to ensuring safe drinking water in analogous areas, especially with high background values of U and As.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. 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Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Foster, Andrea L. 0000-0003-1362-0068 afoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":1740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Andrea","email":"afoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70159868,"text":"fs20153084 - 2016 - Sustainable groundwater management in 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This information helps managers understand trends and investigate and predict effects of different groundwater-management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153084","usgsCitation":"Phillips, S.P., Rogers, L.L., Faunt, C.C., 2015, Sustainable groundwater management in California (ver. 2.2, February 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3084, 8 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153084","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069819","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318306,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3084/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":311779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3084/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":311780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3084/fs20153084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3084"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 35.04798673426734\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 34.831841149828655\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -114.27978515625,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 34.21634468843465\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 33.52307880890422\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -114.58740234375,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -114.49951171875,\n 32.694865977875075\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 32.657875736955305\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 32.491230287947594\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -117.53173828125,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -117.92724609375,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -118.27880859375001,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -118.41064453125,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -118.67431640625,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -119.24560546875001,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -119.50927734374999,\n 34.23451236236984\n ],\n [\n -119.7509765625,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -120.78369140624999,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -121.92626953124999,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -122.58544921875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -122.6513671875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -122.62939453125001,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -123.06884765625,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -123.06884765625,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -123.33251953125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -123.85986328124999,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -123.837890625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -123.90380859374999,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -123.8818359375,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -124.25537109375,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -124.25537109375,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -124.12353515624999,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 42.01665183556825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted December 1, 2015; Version 2.2: February, 2016","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
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One of the goals of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Southeast Stream-Quality Assessment (SESQA) is to characterize contaminants at perennial-stream sites throughout the southern Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountains. The evaluation of pesticide inputs from agricultural sources will aid in that characterization.
\nMethods used for calculating county-level pesticide use documented in this report are from methods developed and described by Thelin and Stone (2013) and Baker and Stone (2015). Two methods for calculating estimated pesticide use (EPest) rates—EPest-low and EPest-high—were applied in this study to estimate a probable range in the annual amounts of pesticide used for agriculture in 2014. To calculate watershed-level estimates, county-level use was proportionally allocated to agricultural land within each watershed. Concentrations of 262 pesticide compounds were estimated and compiled for subsequent analysis by the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program, Southeast Stream-Quality Assessment.
\nThis report provides estimates of annual agricultural use of 262 pesticide compounds for counties and selected watersheds in parts of eight southeastern States for 2014. Estimates of county- and watershed-level annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files for both EPest-high and EPest-low.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151224","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., 2016, Estimated agricultural pesticide use for Southeast Stream-Quality Assessment, 2014 (ver 2.1, July, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1224, 5 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151224.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 5 p.; 3 Tables","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-067218","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311730,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1224/ofr20151224_table1.txt","text":"Estimated pesticide use (EPest)-high and EPest-low estimates, by county","size":"15.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1224","linkHelpText":"(Table 1)"},{"id":311734,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1224/ofr20151224_table3.xlsx","text":"Southeast Stream-Quality Assessment watershed station information","size":"20.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1224","linkHelpText":"(Table 3)"},{"id":311729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1224/ofr20151224.pdf","text":"Report","size":"687 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1224"},{"id":312158,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1224/versionHist.txt","size":"793 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":311733,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1224/ofr20151224_table2.txt","text":"Estimated pesticide use (EPest)-high and EPest-low estimates, by watershed","size":"1.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2015-1224","linkHelpText":"(Table 2)"},{"id":311728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1224/coverthb1.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 33.742612777346885\n ],\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -80.09033203125,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -77.420654296875,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -78.145751953125,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -79.661865234375,\n 34.768691457552706\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -87.418212890625,\n 32.98102014898148\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 33.742612777346885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted December 1, 2015; Version 2.0: December 14, 2015; Version 2.1: July 19, 2016","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
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Considering the harmful and irreversible consequences of many biological invasions, early detection of an invasive species is an important step toward protecting ecosystems (Sepulveda et al. 2012). Early detection increases the probability that suppression or eradication efforts will be successful because invasive populations are small and localized (Vander Zanden et al. 2010). However, most invasive species are not detected early because current tools have low detection probabilities when target species are rare and the sampling effort required to achieve acceptable detection capabilities with current tools is seldom tractable (Jerde et al. 2011). As a result, many invasive species go undetected until they are abundant and suppression efforts become costly.
Novel DNA-based surveillance tools have recently revolutionized early detection abilities using environmental DNA (eDNA) present in the water (Darling and Mahon 2011, Bohmann et al. 2014). In brief, eDNA monitoring enables the identification of organisms from DNA present and collected in water samples. Aquatic and semiaquatic organisms release DNA contained in sloughed, damaged, or partially decomposed tissue and waste products into the water and molecular techniques allow this eDNA in the water column to be identified from simple and easy-tocollect water samples (Darling and Mahon 2011). Despite limited understanding of the production, persistence, and spread of DNA in water (Barnes et al. 2014), eDNA monitoring has been applied not only to invasive species (Jerde et al. 2011), but also to species that are rare, endangered, or highly elusive (Spear et al. 2014). However, most eDNA research and monitoring has focused on detection of invertebrates and vertebrates and less attentionhas been given to developing eDNA techniques for detecting aquatic invasive plants.
Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM; Myriophyllum spicatum L.) is an invasive species for which improved early detection would be particularly helpful. Advanced EWM invasions have negative impacts on native biodiversity, recreational boating, fishing, and other types of aquatic tourism (e.g., Eiswerth et al. 2000). On a broader scale, EWM can also be harmful to man-made aquatic infrastructure, such as hydroelectric dams. If an EWM invasion can be detected in an early stage where eradication is still a possibility, many of these negative consequences can be limited or prevented altogether (e.g., Madsen et al. 2002).
The purpose of this research was to develop and validate a traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of pure and hybridized EWM DNA using both laboratory and field experiments. We performed a pilot experiment in outdoor tanks to determine the basic functionality and sensitivity of the assay. Following this initial test, we collected field samples from Michigan and Montana lakes with and without known EWM populations. Taken together, our findings suggest that eDNA techniques have potential to be a useful strategy for the early detection of EWM.
Numerous life histories have been documented for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus. Lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout populations that occupy small, headwater lake ecosystems and migrate short distances to natal tributaries to spawn are likely common; however, much of the research on potamodromous bull trout has focused on describing the spawning and rearing characteristics of bull trout populations that occupy large rivers and lakes and make long distance spawning migrations to natal headwater streams. This study describes the spawning and rearing characteristics of lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout in the Quartz Lake drainage, Glacier National Park, USA, a small headwater lake ecosystem. Many spawning and rearing characteristics of bull trout in the Quartz Lake drainage are similar to potamodromous bull trout that migrate long distances. For example, subadult bull trout distribution was positively associated with slow-water habitat unit types and maximum wetted width, and negatively associated with increased stream gradient. Bull trout spawning also occurred when water temperatures were between 5 and 9 °C, and redds were generally located in stream segments with low stream gradient and abundant gravel and cobble substrates. However, this study also elucidated characteristics of bull trout biology that are not well documented in the literature, but may be relatively widespread and have important implications regarding general characteristics of bull trout ecology, use of available habitat by bull trout, and persistence of lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout in small headwater lake ecosystems.
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Tennant, Gresswell, R.E., Guy, C.S., and Meeuwig, M.H., 2016, Spawning and rearing behavior of bull trout in a headwater lake ecosystem: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 99, no. 1, p. 117-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-015-0461-x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059187","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Quartz Lake drainage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.0626335144043,\n 48.8712640169951\n ],\n [\n -114.05353546142578,\n 48.86866700111896\n ],\n [\n -114.05508041381836,\n 48.859406977973094\n ],\n [\n -114.07001495361328,\n 48.849354525964365\n ],\n [\n -114.07928466796874,\n 48.841672640526525\n ],\n [\n -114.09181594848631,\n 48.83455454798976\n ],\n [\n -114.10812377929688,\n 48.82867853499683\n ],\n [\n -114.13061141967772,\n 48.827774471831894\n ],\n [\n -114.13473129272461,\n 48.827774471831894\n ],\n [\n -114.13764953613281,\n 48.82336693032094\n ],\n [\n -114.13644790649414,\n 48.820202302479274\n ],\n [\n -114.13078308105469,\n 48.81952414194507\n ],\n [\n -114.11396026611328,\n 48.818393853998344\n ],\n [\n -114.10074234008789,\n 48.82178464137724\n ],\n [\n -114.0846061706543,\n 48.828339513221444\n ],\n [\n -114.0720748901367,\n 48.83794424201477\n ],\n [\n -114.06366348266602,\n 48.84641747361601\n ],\n [\n -114.05653953552246,\n 48.851500724507346\n ],\n [\n -114.05061721801758,\n 48.85692229000433\n ],\n [\n -114.04872894287108,\n 48.867086142850226\n ],\n [\n -114.05173301696777,\n 48.87092528343819\n ],\n [\n -114.05362129211424,\n 48.87397380289261\n ],\n [\n -114.05671119689941,\n 48.87493348353615\n ],\n [\n -114.06074523925781,\n 48.87493348353615\n ],\n [\n -114.06237602233887,\n 48.872957650380535\n ],\n [\n -114.0626335144043,\n 48.8712640169951\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf74ae4b0e7a44bc0f18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lora B. 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Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":152031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeuwig, Michael H.","contributorId":152033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":18858,"text":"Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis Research Laboratory, 28655 Hwy 34, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193343,"text":"70193343 - 2016 - Groundwater science relevant to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: A status report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T10:23:12","indexId":"70193343","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Groundwater science relevant to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: A status report","docAbstract":"When the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) was signed in 1972 by the Governments of Canada and the United States (the “Parties”) (Environment Canada, 2013a), groundwater was not recognized as important to the water quality of the Lakes. At that time, groundwater and surface water were still considered as two separate systems, with almost no appreciation for their interaction. When the GLWQA was revised in 1978 (US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2012), groundwater contamination, such as that reported at legacy industrial sites such as those at Love Canal near the Niagara River, was squarely in the news. Consequently, the potential impacts of contaminated groundwater from such sites on Great Lakes water quality became a concern (Beck, 1979), and Annex 16 was added to the agreement, to address “pollution from contaminated groundwater” (Francis, 1989). However, no formal process for reporting under this annex was provided.
The GLWQA Protocol in 1987 modified Annex 16 and called for progress reports beginning in 1988 (USEPA, 1988). The Protocol in 2012 provided a new Annex 8 to address groundwater more holistically (Environment 2 Canada, 2013b). Annex 8 (Environment Canada, 2013b) commits the Parties to coordinate groundwater science and management actions; as a first step, to “publish a report on the relevant and available groundwater science” by February 2015 (this report); and to “identify priorities for science activities and actions for groundwater management, protection, and remediation…” The broader mandate of Annex 8 is to (1) “identify groundwater impacts on the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the Waters of the Great Lakes;” (2) “analyze contaminants, including nutrients in groundwater, derived from both point and non-point sources impacting the Waters of the Great Lakes;” (3) “assess information gaps and science needs related to groundwater to protect the quality of the Waters of the Great Lakes;” and (4) “analyze other factors, such as climate change, that individually or cumulatively affect groundwater’s impact on the quality of the Waters of the Great Lakes.” A binational Annex 8 Subcommittee was formed to lead efforts to fulfill the mandate of this annex (members listed on p. i of this report). In turn, this subcommittee has recruited a task team to prepare this report (listed as authors of each chapter). This report addresses all of the above four objectives, based on a compilation of the “relevant and available groundwater science.” Specifically, the second objective (to “analyze contaminants”) is addressed by incorporating information obtained in ongoing monitoring and research activities conducted by the Parties, and by various other members of the Great Lakes Executive Committee.
","language":"English","publisher":" Environment and Climate Change Canada and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"2016, Groundwater science relevant to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: A status report, vi, 100 p.","productDescription":"vi, 100 p.","ipdsId":"IP-066382","costCenters":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://binational.net/2016/06/13/groundwater-science-f/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.59716796875,\n 45.413876460821086\n ],\n [\n -77.67333984375,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -83.51806640624999,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 49.35375571830993\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 49.439556958940855\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 49.439556958940855\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 49.167338606291075\n ],\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 47.502358951968574\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 46.392411189814645\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -88.43994140625,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -86.7919921875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -85.80322265625,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -84.00146484374999,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -82.59521484375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -80.61767578124999,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -78.0029296875,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -73.71826171874999,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -74.59716796875,\n 45.413876460821086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fda4e4b06e28e9c25293","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Grannemann, Norman G. nggranne@usgs.gov","contributorId":4823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"Norman","email":"nggranne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725312,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Stempvoort, Dale","contributorId":199351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Stempvoort","given":"Dale","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725313,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168352,"text":"70168352 - 2016 - A simple web-based tool to compare freshwater fish data collected using AFS standard methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:26:52","indexId":"70168352","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple web-based tool to compare freshwater fish data collected using AFS standard methods","docAbstract":"The American Fisheries Society (AFS) recently published Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes. Enlisting the expertise of 284 scientists from 107 organizations throughout Canada, Mexico, and the United States, this text was developed to facilitate comparisons of fish data across regions or time. Here we describe a user-friendly web tool that automates among-sample comparisons in individual fish condition, population length-frequency distributions, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) data collected using AFS standard methods. Currently, the web tool (1) provides instantaneous summaries of almost 4,000 data sets of condition, length frequency, and CPUE of common freshwater fishes collected using standard gears in 43 states and provinces; (2) is easily appended with new standardized field data to update subsequent queries and summaries; (3) compares fish data from a particular water body with continent, ecoregion, and state data summaries; and (4) provides additional information about AFS standard fish sampling including benefits, ongoing validation studies, and opportunities to comment on specific methods. The web tool—programmed in a PHP-based Drupal framework—was supported by several AFS Sections, agencies, and universities and is freely available from the AFS website and fisheriesstandardsampling.org. With widespread use, the online tool could become an important resource for fisheries biologists.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2015.1106944","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., Mercado-Silva, N., Rahr, M., Torrey, Y.T., and Cate, A., 2016, A simple web-based tool to compare freshwater fish data collected using AFS standard methods: Fisheries, v. 40, no. 12, p. 580-589, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2015.1106944.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"580","endPage":"589","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059875","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6f93ce4b0946c6524071a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mercado-Silva, Norman","contributorId":18219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercado-Silva","given":"Norman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rahr, Matt","contributorId":167027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rahr","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Torrey, Yuta T.","contributorId":167028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torrey","given":"Yuta","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cate, Averill Jr.","contributorId":167030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cate","given":"Averill","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160088,"text":"70160088 - 2016 - Restored agricultural wetlands in Central Iowa: habitat quality and amphibian response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T09:24:09","indexId":"70160088","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restored agricultural wetlands in Central Iowa: habitat quality and amphibian response","docAbstract":"Amphibians are declining throughout the United States and worldwide due, partly, to habitat loss. Conservation practices on the landscape restore wetlands to denitrify tile drainage effluent and restore ecosystem services. Understanding how water quality, hydroperiod, predation, and disease affect amphibians in restored wetlands is central to maintaining healthy amphibian populations in the region. We examined the quality of amphibian habitat in restored wetlands relative to reference wetlands by comparing species richness, developmental stress, and adult leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) survival probabilities to a suite of environmental metrics. Although measured habitat variables differed between restored and reference wetlands, differences appeared to have sub-lethal rather than lethal effects on resident amphibian populations. There were few differences in amphibian species richness and no difference in estimated survival probabilities between wetland types. Restored wetlands had more nitrate and alkaline pH, longer hydroperiods, and were deeper, whereas reference wetlands had more amphibian chytrid fungus zoospores in water samples and resident amphibians exhibited increased developmental stress. Restored and reference wetlands are both important components of the landscape in central Iowa and maintaining a complex of fish-free wetlands with a variety of hydroperiods will likely contribute to the persistence of amphibians in this landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands and Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1007/s13157-015-0720-9","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R.A., Pierce, C., Smalling, K., Klaver, R.W., Vandever, M.W., Battaglin, W.A., and Muths, E.L., 2016, Restored agricultural wetlands in Central Iowa: habitat quality and amphibian response: Wetlands, v. 36, no. 1, p. 101-110, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0720-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062959","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/190","text":"External Repository"},{"id":312208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Central Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.07293701171875,\n 42.24681856113825\n ],\n [\n -92.77130126953125,\n 42.279340930853145\n ],\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 42.26308184299127\n ],\n [\n -92.43072509765625,\n 41.24683746537623\n ],\n [\n -92.84271240234374,\n 41.290189955885644\n ],\n [\n -92.83721923828125,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 41.03793062246529\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 41.41801503608024\n ],\n [\n -94.7845458984375,\n 41.413895564677304\n ],\n [\n -94.8065185546875,\n 41.937019660425264\n ],\n [\n -95.1141357421875,\n 41.932933275212996\n ],\n [\n -95.11688232421875,\n 42.25088477477569\n ],\n [\n -95.07293701171875,\n 42.24681856113825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566c01efe4b09cfe53ca5b04","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s13157-015-0720-9","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0720-9","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Reeves Rebecca A., Pierce Clay L., Smalling Kelly L., Klaver Robert W., Vandever Mark W., Battaglin William A., Muths Erin","journalName":"Wetlands","publicationDate":"12/1/2015","auditedOn":"7/27/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/1/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Rebecca A.","contributorId":150493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Clay 0000-0001-5088-5431 cpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":150492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920 ksmall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":149769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L. ","email":"ksmall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vandever, Mark W. vandeverm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark","email":"vandeverm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70162297,"text":"70162297 - 2016 - Deferrisoma paleochoriense sp. nov., a thermophilic, iron(III)-reducing bacterium from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the Mediterranean Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T09:53:26","indexId":"70162297","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2076,"text":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deferrisoma paleochoriense sp. nov., a thermophilic, iron(III)-reducing bacterium from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the Mediterranean Sea","docAbstract":"A novel thermophilic, anaerobic, mixotrophic bacterium, designated strain MAG-PB1T, was isolated from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent system in Palaeochori Bay off the coast of the island of Milos, Greece. The cells were Gram-negative, rugose, short rods, approximately 1.0 μm long and 0.5 μm wide. Strain MAG-PB1T grew at 30–70 °C (optimum 60 °C), 0–50 g NaCl l− 1 (optimum 15–20 g l− 1) and pH 5.5–8.0 (optimum pH 6.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 2.5 h. Optimal growth occurred under chemolithoautotrophic conditions with H2 as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. Fe(III), Mn(IV), arsenate and selenate were used as electron acceptors. Peptone, tryptone, Casamino acids, sucrose, yeast extract, d-fructose, α-d-glucose and ( − )-d-arabinose also served as electron donors. No growth occurred in the presence of lactate or formate. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that this organism is closely related to Deferrisoma camini, the first species of a recently described genus in the Deltaproteobacteria. Based on the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis and on physiological, biochemical and structural characteristics, the strain was found to represent a novel species, for which the name Deferrisoma palaeochoriense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MAG-PB1T ( = JCM 30394T = DSM 29363T).
\nClimatic conditions exert important control over the growth, productivity, and distribution of forests, and characterizing these relationships is essential for understanding how forest ecosystems will respond to climate change. We used dendrochronological methods to develop climate–growth relationships for two dominant species, Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) and Pinus resinosa (red pine), in the upper Great Lakes region to understand how climate and water availability influence annual forest productivity. Trees were sampled along a topographic gradient at the Marcell Experimental Forest (Minnesota, USA) to assess growth response to variations in temperature and different water availability metrics (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), cumulative moisture index (CMI), and soil water storage). Climatic variables were able to explain 33–58% of the variation in annual growth (as measured by ring-width increment) for quaking aspen and 37–74% of the variation for red pine. Climate–growth relationships were influenced by topography for quaking aspen but not for red pine. Annual ring growth for quaking aspen decreased with June CMI on ridges, decreased with temperature in the November prior to the growing season on sideslopes, and decreased with June PET on toeslopes. Red pine growth increased with increasing July PET across all topographic positions. These results indicate the sensitivity of both quaking aspen and red pine to local climate and show several vulnerabilities of these species to shifts in water supply and temperature because of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/eco.1700","usgsCitation":"Dymond, S., D’Amato, A., Kolka, R., Bolstad, P., Sebestyen, S., and Bradford, J.B., 2016, Growth-climate relationships across topographic gradients in the northern Great Lakes: Ecohydrology, v. 9, no. 6, p. 918-929, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1700.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"918","endPage":"929","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066811","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Marcell Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.52935791015625,\n 47.47521553520454\n ],\n [\n -93.52935791015625,\n 47.54756680933599\n ],\n [\n -93.41743469238281,\n 47.54756680933599\n ],\n [\n -93.41743469238281,\n 47.47521553520454\n ],\n [\n -93.52935791015625,\n 47.47521553520454\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ed26b4e4b0f59b85db0a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dymond, S.F.","contributorId":167646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dymond","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24789,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Amato, A.W.","contributorId":86577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amato","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolka, R.K.","contributorId":46332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolka","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bolstad, P.V.","contributorId":88977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolstad","given":"P.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sebestyen, S.D.","contributorId":16142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70160807,"text":"70160807 - 2016 - Effect of stocking sub-yearling Atlantic salmon on the habitat use of sub-yearling rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T11:04:17","indexId":"70160807","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of stocking sub-yearling Atlantic salmon on the habitat use of sub-yearling rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) restoration in the Lake Ontario watershed may depend on the species' ability to compete with naturalized non-native salmonids, including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Lake Ontario tributaries. This study examined interspecific habitat associations between sub-yearling Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout as well as the effect of salmon stocking on trout habitat in two streams in the Lake Ontario watershed. In sympatry, Atlantic salmon occupied significantly faster velocities and deeper areas than rainbow trout. However, when examining the habitat use of rainbow trout at all allopatric and sympatric sites in both streams, trout habitat use was more diverse at the sympatric sites with an orientation for increased cover and larger substrate. In Grout Brook, where available habitat remained constant, there was evidence suggesting that trout may have shifted to slower and shallower water in the presence of salmon. The ability of sub-yearling Atlantic salmon to affect a habitat shift in rainbow trout may be due to their larger body size and/or larger pectoral fin size. Future studies examining competitive interactions between these species during their first year of stream residence should consider the size advantage that earlier emerging Atlantic salmon will have over rainbow trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.11.002","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., 2016, Effect of stocking sub-yearling Atlantic salmon on the habitat use of sub-yearling rainbow trout: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 1, p. 116-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.11.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066886","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313099,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.11.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Orwell Brook; Grout Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.03663444519043,\n 43.583437423271334\n ],\n [\n -76.03852272033691,\n 43.578276820098864\n ],\n [\n -76.03775024414062,\n 43.572245193194306\n ],\n [\n -76.03714942932129,\n 43.56770552917119\n ],\n [\n -76.03766441345215,\n 43.56154845184283\n ],\n [\n -76.03835105895996,\n 43.55638597276051\n ],\n [\n -76.04135513305664,\n 43.5505387755674\n ],\n [\n -76.04633331298828,\n 43.546495169127084\n ],\n [\n -76.04779243469238,\n 43.54126918362085\n ],\n [\n -76.04830741882324,\n 43.53946486913873\n ],\n [\n -76.04667663574219,\n 43.53902933686358\n ],\n [\n -76.04264259338379,\n 43.54605968763826\n ],\n [\n -76.03740692138672,\n 43.54767717445222\n ],\n [\n -76.03199958801268,\n 43.554582110736824\n ],\n [\n -76.03337287902832,\n 43.56210821214949\n ],\n [\n -76.03354454040527,\n 43.57454598813078\n ],\n [\n -76.03483200073242,\n 43.583686115866215\n ],\n [\n -76.0367202758789,\n 43.584432187486684\n ],\n [\n -76.03663444519043,\n 43.583437423271334\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.27361297607422,\n 42.76516228327467\n ],\n [\n -76.27017974853516,\n 42.74171738972088\n ],\n [\n -76.25850677490234,\n 42.720029272904036\n ],\n [\n -76.2396240234375,\n 42.69808125234982\n ],\n [\n -76.22245788574219,\n 42.69252994883861\n ],\n [\n -76.2125015258789,\n 42.70237055608708\n ],\n [\n -76.22795104980469,\n 42.77801539483678\n ],\n [\n -76.23619079589842,\n 42.78809440020518\n ],\n [\n -76.24202728271484,\n 42.78607873040044\n ],\n [\n -76.27017974853516,\n 42.76743067325221\n ],\n [\n -76.27361297607422,\n 42.76516228327467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56865fc3e4b0e7594ee74cbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159785,"text":"70159785 - 2016 - Complex mixtures, complex responses: Assessing pharmaceutical mixtures using field and laboratory approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:20:06","indexId":"70159785","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-23T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex mixtures, complex responses: Assessing pharmaceutical mixtures using field and laboratory approaches","docAbstract":"Pharmaceuticals are present in low concentrations (<100 ng/L) in most municipal wastewater effluents but may be elevated locally because of factors such as input from pharmaceutical formulation facilities. Using existing concentration data, the authors assessed pharmaceuticals in laboratory exposures of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and added environmental complexity through effluent exposures. In the laboratory, larval and mature minnows were exposed to a simple opioid mixture (hydrocodone, methadone, and oxycodone), an opioid agonist (tramadol), a muscle relaxant (methocarbamol), a simple antidepressant mixture (fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine), a sleep aid (temazepam), or a complex mixture of all compounds. Larval minnow response to effluent exposure was not consistent. The 2010 exposures resulted in shorter exposed minnow larvae, whereas the larvae exposed in 2012 exhibited altered escape behavior. Mature minnows exhibited altered hepatosomatic indices, with the strongest effects in females and in mixture exposures. In addition, laboratory-exposed, mature male minnows exposed to all pharmaceuticals (except the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor mixture) defended nest sites less rigorously than fish in the control group. Tramadol or antidepressant mixture exposure resulted in increased splenic T lymphocytes. Only male minnows exposed to whole effluent responded with increased plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Female minnows exposed to pharmaceuticals (except the opioid mixture) had larger livers, likely as a compensatory result of greater prominence of vacuoles in liver hepatocytes. The observed alteration of apical endpoints central to sustaining fish populations confirms that effluents containing waste streams from pharmaceutical formulation facilities can adversely impact fish populations but that the effects may not be temporally consistent. The present study highlights the importance of including diverse biological endpoints spanning levels of biological organization and life stages when assessing contaminant interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.3147","usgsCitation":"Schoenfuss, H.L., Furlong, E.T., Phillips, P., Scott, T., Kolpin, D.W., Cetkovic-Cvrlje, M., Lesteberg, K.E., and Rearick, D.C., 2016, Complex mixtures, complex responses: Assessing pharmaceutical mixtures using field and laboratory approaches: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 35, no. 4, p. 953-965, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3147.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"965","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066098","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565438a7e4b071e7ea53d48e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":149753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Tia-Marie 0000-0002-5677-0544 tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-0544","contributorId":5122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Tia-Marie","email":"tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cetkovic-Cvrlje, Marina","contributorId":150029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cetkovic-Cvrlje","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lesteberg, Kelsey E.","contributorId":150030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesteberg","given":"Kelsey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rearick, Daniel C.","contributorId":38897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rearick","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70159783,"text":"70159783 - 2016 - Effect of antecedent-hydrological conditions on rainfall triggering of debris flows in ash-fall pyroclastic mantled slopes of Campania (southern Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T16:29:53","indexId":"70159783","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-23T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of antecedent-hydrological conditions on rainfall triggering of debris flows in ash-fall pyroclastic mantled slopes of Campania (southern Italy)","docAbstract":"Mountainous areas surrounding the Campanian Plain and the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (southern Italy) are among the most risky areas of Italy due to the repeated occurrence of rainfallinduced debris flows along ash-fall pyroclastic soil-mantled slopes. In this geomorphological framework, rainfall patterns, hydrological processes taking place within multi-layered ash-fall pyroclastic deposits and soil antecedent moisture status are the principal factors to be taken into account to assess triggering rainfall conditions and the related hazard. This paper presents the outcomes of an experimental study based on integrated analyses consisting of the reconstruction of physical models of landslides, in situ hydrological monitoring, and hydrological and slope stability modeling, carried out on four representative source areas of debris flows that occurred in May 1998 in the Sarno Mountain Range. The hydrological monitoring was carried out during 2011 using nests of tensiometers and Watermark pressure head sensors and also through a rainfall and air temperature recording station. Time series of measured pressure head were used to calibrate a hydrological numerical model of the pyroclastic soil mantle for 2011, which was re-run for a 12-year period beginning in 2000, given the availability of rainfall and air temperature monitoring data. Such an approach allowed us to reconstruct the regime of pressure head at a daily time scale for a long period, which is representative of about 11 hydrologic years with different meteorological conditions. Based on this simulated time series, average winter and summer hydrological conditions were chosen to carry out hydrological and stability modeling of sample slopes and to identify Intensity- Duration rainfall thresholds by a deterministic approach. Among principal results, the opposing winter and summer antecedent pressure head (soil moisture) conditions were found to exert a significant control on intensity and duration of rainfall triggering events. Going from winter to summer conditions requires a strong increase of intensity and/or duration to induce landslides. The results identify an approach to account for different hazard conditions related to seasonality of hydrological processes inside the ash-fall pyroclastic soil mantle. Moreover, they highlight another important factor of uncertainty that potentially affects rainfall thresholds triggering shallow landslides reconstructed by empirical approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10346-015-0647-5","usgsCitation":"Napolitano, E., Fusco, F., Baum, R.L., Godt, J.W., and De Vita, P., 2016, Effect of antecedent-hydrological conditions on rainfall triggering of debris flows in ash-fall pyroclastic mantled slopes of Campania (southern Italy): Landslides, v. 13, no. 5, p. 967-983, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0647-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"983","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070130","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Campania","otherGeospatial":"Sarno Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.616279602050781,\n 40.84550208206526\n ],\n [\n 14.616279602050781,\n 40.89950086329285\n ],\n [\n 14.684257507324219,\n 40.89950086329285\n ],\n [\n 14.684257507324219,\n 40.84550208206526\n ],\n [\n 14.616279602050781,\n 40.84550208206526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565438a8e4b071e7ea53d490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Napolitano, E.","contributorId":97401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napolitano","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fusco, F","contributorId":150020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fusco","given":"F","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De Vita, P.","contributorId":26207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Vita","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156837,"text":"70156837 - 2016 - Effect of permafrost thaw on the dynamics of lakes recharged by ice-jam floods: case study in Yukon Flats, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T13:55:54","indexId":"70156837","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of permafrost thaw on the dynamics of lakes recharged by ice-jam floods: case study in Yukon Flats, Alaska","docAbstract":"Large river floods are a key water source for many lakes in fluvial periglacial settings. Where permeable sediments occur, the distribution of permafrost may play an important role in the routing of floodwaters across a floodplain. This relationship is explored for lakes in the discontinuous permafrost of Yukon Flats, interior Alaska, using an analysis that integrates satellite-derived gradients in water surface elevation, knowledge of hydrogeology, and hydrologic modeling. We observed gradients in water surface elevation between neighboring lakes ranging from 0.001 to 0.004. These high gradients, despite a ubiquitous layer of continuous shallow gravel across the flats, are consistent with limited groundwater flow across lake basins resulting from the presence of permafrost. Permafrost impedes the propagation of floodwaters in the shallow subsurface and constrains transmission to “fill-and-spill” over topographic depressions (surface sills), as we observed for the Twelvemile-Buddy Lake pair following a May 2013 ice-jam flood on the Yukon River. Model results indicate that permafrost table deepening of 1–11 m in gravel, depending on watershed geometry and subsurface properties, could shift important routing of floodwater to lakes from overland flow (fill-and-spill) to shallow groundwater flow (“fill-and-seep”). Such a shift is possible in the next several hundred years of ground surface warming, and may bring about more synchronous water level changes between neighboring lakes following large flood events. This relationship offers a potentially useful tool, well-suited to remote sensing, for identifying long-term changes in shallow groundwater flow resulting from thawing of permafrost.
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Here we identify a list of principles, based on a combination of field studies, controlled laboratory experiments, and previously unpublished observations, that govern the epizootiology of VHS in Pacific herring. A thorough understanding of these principles provides the basis for identifying risk factors that predispose certain marine fish populations to VHS epizootics, including the lack of population resistance, presence of chronic viral carriers in a population, copious viral shedding by infected individuals, cool water temperatures, limited water circulation patterns, and gregarious host behavioral patterns. Further, these principles are used to define the epizootiological stages of the disease in Pacific herring, including the susceptible (where susceptible individuals predominate a school or subpopulation), enzootic (where infection prevalence and intensity are often below the limits of reasonable laboratory detection), disease amplification (where infection prevalence and intensity increase rapidly), outbreak (often accompanied by host mortalities with high virus loads and active shedding), recovery (in which the mortality rate and virus load decline owing to an active host immune response), and refractory stages (characterized by little or no susceptibility and where viral clearance occurs in most VHS survivors). In addition to providing a foundation for quantitatively assessing the potential risks of future VHS epizootics in Pacific herring, these principles provide insights into the epizootiology of VHS in other fish communities where susceptible species exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0417","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Garver, K.A., and Winton, J., 2016, Principles underlying the epizootiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in Pacific herring and other fishes throughout the North Pacific Ocean: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 5, p. 853-859, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0417.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"853","endPage":"859","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067144","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/71449","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564ef2bbe4b064dd1d095562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. 0000-0002-2261-7760 phershberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":140131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garver, Kyle A.","contributorId":149992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garver","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17880,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, James R. jwinton@usgs.gov","contributorId":149757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James R.","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160541,"text":"70160541 - 2016 - Water availability and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T13:06:13","indexId":"70160541","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water availability and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"The Central Valley in California (USA) covers about 52,000 km2 and is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This agriculture relies heavily on surface-water diversions and groundwater pumpage to meet irrigation water demand. Because the valley is semi-arid and surface-water availability varies substantially, agriculture relies heavily on local groundwater. In the southern two thirds of the valley, the San Joaquin Valley, historic and recent groundwater pumpage has caused significant and extensive drawdowns, aquifer-system compaction and subsidence. During recent drought periods (2007–2009 and 2012-present), groundwater pumping has increased owing to a combination of decreased surface-water availability and land-use changes. Declining groundwater levels, approaching or surpassing historical low levels, have caused accelerated and renewed compaction and subsidence that likely is mostly permanent. The subsidence has caused operational, maintenance, and construction-design problems for water-delivery and flood-control canals in the San Joaquin Valley. Planning for the effects of continued subsidence in the area is important for water agencies. As land use, managed aquifer recharge, and surface-water availability continue to vary, long-term groundwater-level and subsidence monitoring and modelling are critical to understanding the dynamics of historical and continued groundwater use resulting in additional water-level and groundwater storage declines, and associated subsidence. Modeling tools such as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model, can be used in the evaluation of management strategies to mitigate adverse impacts due to subsidence while also optimizing water availability. This knowledge will be critical for successful implementation of recent legislation aimed toward sustainable groundwater use.
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","language":"English","publisher":"wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.02074","usgsCitation":"Serra-Diaz, J.M., Franklin, J., Sweet, L.C., McCullough, I.M., Syphard, A.D., Regan, H.M., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., Dingman, J., Moritz, M., Redmond, K.T., Hannah, L., and Davis, F., 2016, Averaged 30 year climate change projections mask opportunities for species establishment: Ecography, v. 39, no. 9, p. 844-845, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02074.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"844","endPage":"845","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069680","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d92f5qv","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf44e4b0112df6c62dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Serra-Diaz, Josep M.","contributorId":149950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serra-Diaz","given":"Josep","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franklin, Janet","contributorId":90833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweet, Lynn C.","contributorId":149951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweet","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCullough, Ian M.","contributorId":149952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullough","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Regan, Helen M.","contributorId":149953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regan","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dingman, John jdingman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingman","given":"John","email":"jdingman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":580145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moritz, Max A.","contributorId":57586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moritz","given":"Max A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Redmond, Kelly T.","contributorId":45677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redmond","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hannah, Lee","contributorId":147796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hannah","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":16938,"text":"Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Davis, Frank W.","contributorId":70273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Frank W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ]}