{"pageNumber":"4650","pageRowStart":"116225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165579,"records":[{"id":70013951,"text":"70013951 - 1984 - A simple model of a phreatic surface through an earth dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:36:31.784321","indexId":"70013951","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple model of a phreatic surface through an earth dam","docAbstract":"<p><span>A simple numerical model for estimating a phreatic surface in an earthen dam is presented. The numerical approach is based upon the Complex Variable Boundary Element Method (CVBEM). By expanding the CVBEM approximation geometric functions into a first order Taylor series, the unknown phreatic surface location geometrics can be approximated without iteration by solving a single matrix system. The developed technique provides for the numerical solution of the inverse problem of locating the phreatic surface coordinates. A comparison of results produced from this simple approach to results produced from a finite element analog and an iterative CVBEM analog for an example problem is presented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(84)90044-7","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., 1984, A simple model of a phreatic surface through an earth dam: Advances in Water Resources, v. 7, no. 3, p. 141-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(84)90044-7.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e590e4b0c8380cd46e24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013952,"text":"70013952 - 1984 - Creep behavior of submarine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70013952","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Creep behavior of submarine sediments","docAbstract":"A series of experiments on drained creep of marine sediment indicates that strength degradation results from the creep process, which implies an associated reduction in slope stability. Furthermore, the highest creep potential of a sediment may be at its preconsolidation stress. Results from the experiments on samples from Georges Bank continental slope were also used in conjunction with a preliminary theoretical model to predict creep displacements. For the case illustrated in this report, steep slopes (>20??) and thick sections (>30 m) give rise to substantial creep and probable creep rupture; as angles or thicknesses decrease, displacements rapidly become negligible. Creep may be a significant geologic process on many marine slopes. Not only can it cause major displacements of surface sediment, but it may also be the precursor to numerous slope failures. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02281709","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Silva, A.J., and Booth, J., 1984, Creep behavior of submarine sediments: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 4, no. 3-4, p. 215-219, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02281709.","startPage":"215","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487231,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cve_facpubs/309","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02281709"},{"id":225808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fca1e4b0c8380cd4e35a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silva, Armand J.","contributorId":73756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silva","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":367236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, J.S.","contributorId":13619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013955,"text":"70013955 - 1984 - Thermal conductivity determinations on solid rock - a comparison between a steady-state divided-bar apparatus and a commercial transient line-source device","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70013955","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal conductivity determinations on solid rock - a comparison between a steady-state divided-bar apparatus and a commercial transient line-source device","docAbstract":"Two apparatuses were used to measure thermal conductivities on pairs of contiguous samples from 17 specimens of solid rock: the USGS divided-bar apparatus, a steadystate comparative method, and the Shotherm \"Quick Thermal Meter\" (QTM), which employs a transient strip heat source. Both devices were calibrated relative to fused silica. Both devices have a reproducibility of ??5% or better depending, to some extent, on the physical nature of the specimen being tested. For solid rocks, specimen preparation for the divided bar is much more tedious and expensive than for the QTM, which seems insensitive to minor surface roughness. The QTM does, however, require quite large specimens (30 mm ?? 60 mm ?? 100 mm as a minimum for rocks) with even larger specimens (50 mm ?? 100 mm ?? 100 mm) required for higher conductivity material (3.5 W m-1 K-1 and greater). Experimental times are comparable; however, the QTM is a self-contained unit that can be transported easily and set up quickly and requires no more space than a standard desk top. From a formal statistical comparison, it appears that, over a large range of conductivities (1.4 to ???5 W m-1 K-1) and rock types, the two instruments will yield the same value of thermal conductivity for isotropic rocks. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., Stone, C., and Munroe, R.J., 1984, Thermal conductivity determinations on solid rock - a comparison between a steady-state divided-bar apparatus and a commercial transient line-source device: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 20, no. 1-2, p. 145-153.","startPage":"145","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb215e4b08c986b3255b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, C.","contributorId":23698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munroe, R. J.","contributorId":56215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munroe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013956,"text":"70013956 - 1984 - U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Ar-Ar mineral and whole-rock isotopic systematics in a metamorphosed granitic terrane, southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T01:05:54.387059","indexId":"70013956","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Ar-Ar mineral and whole-rock isotopic systematics in a metamorphosed granitic terrane, southeastern California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15238806\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Mesozoic structural domes are developed in an older Proterozoic crystalline basement of granitic to granodioritic foliate metaplutonic rocks in the Halloran Hills, southeastern California. Isotopic analyses of whole rocks and mineral separates from these rocks by U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Ar-Ar techniques yield a complex pattern of discordance that is the result of a fairly simple geologic history. Individual mineral isotopic systems have variably equilibrated with each other in response to Mesozoic regional metamorphism and locally to later heating during Mesozoic batholith emplacement.</p><p>Discordant U-Th-Pb zircon data indicate that the granitic core rocks are 1,710 Ma and that one dioritic phase may be slightly older. Rb-Sr whole-rock model dates scatter about 1,700 Ma Rb-Sr amphibole–whole-rock and U-Th-Pb amphibole dates are also Proterozoic. Potassium feldspars retain a<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb signature of their Proterozoic age. Ar-Ar amphibole spectra from the flank of the main dome reveal disturbed dates of 1,450 Ma to 1,100 Ma, and the dates become younger toward the structurally deeper core of the dome.</p><p>All remaining isotopic determinations yield Mesozoic or younger dates for mineral–whole-rock systems. Rb-Sr whole-rock–apatite–feldspar–biotite analyses show nonequilibration of strontium isotopes, with resultant mineral pair dates from 4 foliate plutonic rocks ranging from 200 to 50 Ma. No single metamorphic age is indicated by the Rb-Sr data. Rb-Sr whole-rock–biotite dates are consistently younger than any other determinations and may be reduced by weathering or gain of nonradiogenic strontium from ground water.</p><p>U-Pb sphene and apatite analyses from rocks that yield 1,710-Ma zircon dates are nearly concordant at 140 Ma. An amphibole from the structurally deepest rocks of the main dome that yield 140- to 150-Ma U-Pb sphene dates has an Ar-Ar plateau date of 144 Ma. The U-Pb sphene and Ar-Ar amphibole analyses are believed to be the best age estimate for the end of the highest-temperature phase of regional metamorphism. Th-Pb sphene and apatite dates and Ar-Ar biotite dates cluster at 90 ± 5 Ma as a consequence of regional cooling during Late Cretaceous time following extensive Mesozoic plutonism in the region at 97 to 90 Ma.</p><p>We interpret the discordant mineral date patterns to have resulted from metamorphism of ∼1,700-Ma plutonic rocks during the Jurassic (≥ 140–50 Ma) and subsequent uplift and cooling to ∼200 °C at about 90 Ma. On the basis of this study, the isotope dating systems ranked in decreasing order of resistance to resetting are: U-Th-Pb zircon (concordia intercept) ≥ Rb-Sr whole rock ∼Rb-Sr amphibole ∼U-Th-Pb amphibole ∼Pb-Pb whole rock &gt; Ar-Ar amphibole ≥ Rb-Sr sphene ≥ U-Pb sphene and apatite &gt; Rb-Sr plagioclase-potassium feldspar-apatite &gt; Th-Pb sphene and apatite ∼Ar-Ar biotite ∼U-Pb feldspars &gt; Rb-Sr biotite.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<723:URAAMA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dewitt, E., Armstrong, R., Sutter, J.F., and Zartman, R., 1984, U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Ar-Ar mineral and whole-rock isotopic systematics in a metamorphosed granitic terrane, southeastern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, no. 6, p. 723-739, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<723:URAAMA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"723","endPage":"739","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9e2e4b08c986b327e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dewitt, E.","contributorId":108257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, R.L.","contributorId":43499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013965,"text":"70013965 - 1984 - Archaeological sedimentology of overbank silt deposits on the floodplain of the Ohio River near Louisville, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T16:59:11.604434","indexId":"70013965","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Archaeological sedimentology of overbank silt deposits on the floodplain of the Ohio River near Louisville, Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>The surface of the floodplain of the Ohio River about 20km southwest of Louisville, Kentucky, is a series of linear ridges and swales that are subparallel to the channel of the river, which here is relatively straight and flows southward. Numerous prehistoric occupational sites are located on these ridges. The sediments that underlie the ridges, which were examined in four archaeological excavations as deep as 8 m, are predominantly sandy silt and silty fine to very fine sand and appear to be mainly the product of overbank deposition from suspended load. Abundant cultural material and occupational sites dating as early as 10,000 years BP are found in the sediments at depths as great as 6·5 m. The fine sediments of the floodplain are underlain by sand and gravel.</p><p>The context of the cultural materials and the stratigraphy and morphology of the deposits indicate that the ridged deposits began as linear riverside sand and gravel bars. These were succeeded upward by fine-grained overbank deposits in which the ridged morphology was maintained because the overbank silt and fine sand were deposited as prograding elongate bars at high water. As the floodplain ridge built upward, the sedimentation rate decreased and the sand content of the sediments diminished, and as the river channel occasionally shifted, the ridged deposits were built in successive subparallel sequences.</p><p>Two archaeological consequences are implicit in this depositional model of orderly growth of the floodplain. First, available archaeological data from floodplain segments along other parts of the river should confirm the model; and second, the model should make it possible to search the floodplains of the Ohio River for stratified sites of any desired age.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0305-4403(84)90022-0","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Gray, H., 1984, Archaeological sedimentology of overbank silt deposits on the floodplain of the Ohio River near Louisville, Kentucky: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 11, no. 5, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(84)90022-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed2ee4b0c8380cd49697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, H.H.","contributorId":35818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013968,"text":"70013968 - 1984 - APPLICATION OF AUDIO-MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS ON SAO MIGUEL ISLAND, AZORES PORTUGAL.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70013968","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"APPLICATION OF AUDIO-MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS ON SAO MIGUEL ISLAND, AZORES PORTUGAL.","docAbstract":"Geothermal exploration and development has been under way on Sao Miguel Island, Azores since 1975. This work had been restricted to the Fogo volcano, one of three dormant silicic volcanic centers on the island. The USGS in 1982 and 1983 conducted reconnaissance natural-source audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) surveys of all three silicic centers to evaluate the potential for geothermal systems at each and to demonstrate the utility of the method in areas of difficult terrain. Results on Fogo showed a low resistivity trend extending from the present production area upslope to the caldera boundary. The upper part of this trend is the upwelling zone of a thermal plume which supplies the production area. Further exploration and drilling are now planned for this area.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Energy: Bet on It! Geothermal Resources Council 1984 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412588","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D., Rodrigues Da Silva, A., Pierce, H.A., and Amaral, R., 1984, APPLICATION OF AUDIO-MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS ON SAO MIGUEL ISLAND, AZORES PORTUGAL., <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 8, Reno, NV, USA, p. 499-503.","startPage":"499","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e630e4b0c8380cd4721d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, Donald","contributorId":43434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodrigues Da Silva, A.","contributorId":34663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodrigues Da Silva","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A. hpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":5995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert","email":"hpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amaral, Roberto","contributorId":22352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaral","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013969,"text":"70013969 - 1984 - Straczekite, a new calcium barium potassium vanadate mineral from Wilson Springs, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-05T07:57:54","indexId":"70013969","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Straczekite, a new calcium barium potassium vanadate mineral from Wilson Springs, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Straczekite occurs as a rare secondary mineral in fibrous seams, along with other V minerals (A.M. 64-713), in ore from the vanadium mine in Wilson Springs (formerly Potash Sulfur Springs), Garland County, Arkansas. It forms soft, thin laths of dark greenish black crystals up to 0.5 mm in length. Indexed XRD data are tabulated; strongest lines 3.486(100), 10.449(50), 1.8306(50), 1.9437(15) A; a 11.679, b 3.6608, c 10.636 A, beta 100.53o; space group C2/m, C2 or Cm. Chemical analysis gave V2O5 66.4, V2O4 15.3, Fe2O3 0.9, Na2O 0.4, K2O 1.8, CaO 2.5, BaO 5.5, H2O 7.2, = 100.0, leading to the formula (Ca0.39Ba0.31K0.33Na0.11)- 196(V4+1.59V5+6.31Fe3+0.10)O20.02(H2O)2.9; Dcalc. 3.21 g/cm3. A possible layer structure is discussed. The name is for J. A. Straczek, Chief Geologist at Union Carbide Corp.-R.A.H.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1180/minmag.1984.048.347.16","issn":"0026461X","usgsCitation":"Evans, H.T., Nord, G., Marinenko, J., and Milton, C., 1984, Straczekite, a new calcium barium potassium vanadate mineral from Wilson Springs, Arkansas: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 48, no. 2, p. 289-293, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1984.048.347.16.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Garland County ","city":"Wilson Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.53485107421875,\n              36.146746777814364\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.449951171875,\n              36.146746777814364\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.449951171875,\n              36.4433803110554\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.53485107421875,\n              36.4433803110554\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.53485107421875,\n              36.146746777814364\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b988ce4b08c986b31c08f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nord, G.","contributorId":7854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nord","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marinenko, J.","contributorId":104221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milton, C.","contributorId":37472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013970,"text":"70013970 - 1984 - Peralkaline ash flow tuffs and calderas of the McDermitt Volcanic Field, southeast Oregon and north central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T16:05:09.108271","indexId":"70013970","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peralkaline ash flow tuffs and calderas of the McDermitt Volcanic Field, southeast Oregon and north central Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The McDermitt volcanic field covers an area of 20,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada and consists of seven large-volume ash flow sheets that vented from 16.1 to 15 Ma ago. The volcanic field is characterized by peralkaline, high-silica rhyolite, and all but one of the sheets are comendites. The ash flow field overlies a 1.5-km-thick section of Miocene Steens volcanic series and Steens Basalt, indicating a minimum age of 16.1 Ma for the Steens Basalt. The Orevada rift, a 200-km-long NNW-striking structure, developed just prior to eruption of the mafic lavas. Each ash flow sheet resulted in the formation of a large collapse caldera along the Orevada rift. The center of the volcanic field is dominated by four overlapping and nested calderas; satellitic to these are three additional calderas. The areas adjacent to the incipient calderas subsided during ash flow eruption. Thickening of the ash flow sheets, monoclinal warping outside the caldera ring fault, and tilting in toward the caldera of blocks bounded by curvilinear faults all indicate regional subsidence prior to caldera collapse. The McDermitt caldera complex is highly mineralized; it contains ore deposits of Hg, Sb, Cs, Li, and U. The peralkaline tuffs have high contents of these elements and were the source rocks from which metals were leached by hydrothermal systems developed during the last stage of caldera-related volcanism.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB10p08616","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., and McKee, E., 1984, Peralkaline ash flow tuffs and calderas of the McDermitt Volcanic Field, southeast Oregon and north central Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B10, p. 8616-8628, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB10p08616.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"8616","endPage":"8628","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7662e4b0c8380cd780a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013971,"text":"70013971 - 1984 - Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Aquifer pressure buildup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:53:22","indexId":"70013971","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Aquifer pressure buildup","docAbstract":"The city of St. Petersburg has been testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future nonpotable reuse. Treated sweage that had a mean chloride concentration of 170 milligrams per liter (mg/l) was injected through a single well for 12 months at a mean rate of 4. 7 multiplied by 10**5 cubic feet per day (ft**3/d). The volume of water injected during the year was 1. 7 multiplied by 10**8 cubic feet. Pressure buildup at the end of one year ranged from less than 0. 1 to as much as 2. 4 pounds per square inch (lb/in**2) in observation wells at the site. Pressure buildup in wells open to the upper part of the injection zone was related to buoyant lift acting on the mixed water in the injection zone in addition to subsurface injection through the injection well. Calculations of the vertical component of pore velocity in the semiconfining bed underlying the shallowest permeable zone of the Floridan aquifer indicate upward movement of native water.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01475.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J., 1984, Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Aquifer pressure buildup: Ground Water, v. 22, no. 1, p. 48-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01475.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"St. Petersburg","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              27.444915505146934\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              27.444915505146934\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              28.057438520876673\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              28.057438520876673\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              27.444915505146934\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d7ae4b08c986b31d895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, J.J.","contributorId":57010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013973,"text":"70013973 - 1984 - The isotope systematics of a juvenile intraplate volcano: Pb, Nd, and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:47:13.566378","indexId":"70013973","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The isotope systematics of a juvenile intraplate volcano: Pb, Nd, and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p>Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios for a representative suite of 15 basanites, alkali basalts, transitional basalts and tholeiites from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, display unusually large variations for a single volcano, but lie within known ranges for Hawaiian basalts. Nd isotope ratios in alkali basalts show the largest relative variation (0.51291–0.51305), and include the nearly constant tholeiite value ( ∼ 0.51297). Pb isotope ratios show similarly large ranges for tholeiites and alkali basalts and continue Tatsumoto's [31] “Loa” trend towards higher<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb ratios, resulting in a substantial overlap with the “Kea” trend.<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb ratios for Loihi and other volcanoes along the Loa and Kea trends [31] are observed to correlate with the age of the underlying lithosphere suggesting lithosphere involvement in the formation of Hawaiian tholeiites. Loihi lavas display no correlation of Nd, Sr, or Pb isotope ratios with major element compositions or eruptive age, in contrast with observations of some other Hawaiian volcanoes [38]. Isotope data for Loihi, as well as average values for Hawaiian volcanoes, are not adequately explained by previously proposed two-end-member models; new models for the origin and the development of Hawaiian volcanoes must include mixing of at least three geochemically distinct source regions and allow for the involvement of heterogeneous oceanic lithosphere.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(84)90071-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Staudigel, H., Zindler, A., Hart, S., Leslie, T., Chen, C., and Clague, D., 1984, The isotope systematics of a juvenile intraplate volcano: Pb, Nd, and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 69, no. 1, p. 13-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90071-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad69e4b08c986b323bc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staudigel, H.","contributorId":65607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudigel","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zindler, A.","contributorId":75698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zindler","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, S.R.","contributorId":70921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, T.","contributorId":42721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, C.-Y.","contributorId":41973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clague, D.","contributorId":9398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70013977,"text":"70013977 - 1984 - PLANNING FOR OPTICAL DISK TECHNOLOGY WITH DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70013977","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PLANNING FOR OPTICAL DISK TECHNOLOGY WITH DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY.","docAbstract":"Progress in the computer field continues to suggest that the transition from traditional analog mapping systems to digital systems has become a practical possibility. A major shortfall that still exists in digital systems is the need for very large mass storage capacity. The decade of the 1980's has introduced laser optical disk storage technology, which may be the breakthrough needed for mass storage. This paper addresses system concepts for digital cartography during the transition period. Emphasis is placed on determining U. S. Geological Survey mass storage requirements and introducing laser optical disk technology for handling storage problems for digital data in this decade.","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention.","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry and American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294594","usgsCitation":"Light, D.L., 1984, PLANNING FOR OPTICAL DISK TECHNOLOGY WITH DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY., Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention., San Antonio, TX, USA, p. 453-467.","startPage":"453","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a735fe4b0c8380cd76fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Light, Donald L.","contributorId":28011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Light","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013978,"text":"70013978 - 1984 - Eulerian-Lagrangian solution of the convection-dispersion equation in natural coordinates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T17:31:59","indexId":"70013978","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eulerian-Lagrangian solution of the convection-dispersion equation in natural coordinates","docAbstract":"<p><span>The vast majority of numerical investigations of transport phenomena use an Eulerian formulation for the convenience that the computational grids are fixed in space. An Eulerian-Lagrangian method (ELM) of solution for the convection-dispersion equation is discussed and analyzed. The ELM uses the Lagrangian concept in an Eulerian computational grid system. The values of the dependent variable off the grid are calculated by interpolation. When a linear interpolation is used, the method is a slight improvement over the upwind difference method. At this level of approximation both the ELM and the upwind difference method suffer from large numerical dispersion. However, if second-order Lagrangian polynomials are used in the interpolation, the ELM is proven to be free of artificial numerical dispersion for the convection-dispersion equation. The concept of the ELM is extended for treatment of anisotropic dispersion in natural coordinates. In this approach the anisotropic properties of dispersion can be conveniently related to the properties of the flow field. Several numerical examples are given to further substantiate the results of the present analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i007p00944","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Casulli, V., and Milford, S.N., 1984, Eulerian-Lagrangian solution of the convection-dispersion equation in natural coordinates: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 7, p. 944-952, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i007p00944.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"944","endPage":"952","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bcbe4b0c8380cd528a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casulli, Vincenzo","contributorId":42302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milford, S. Nevil","contributorId":92438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milford","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nevil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013979,"text":"70013979 - 1984 - Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area and Extension, North Carolina","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70013979,"text":"70013979 - 1984 - Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area and Extension, North Carolina","indexId":"70013979","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area and Extension, North Carolina"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":32571,"text":"pp1300 - 1984 - Wilderness mineral potential: Assessment of mineral-resource potential in U.S. Forest Service lands studied in 1964-1984: Volume 2","indexId":"pp1300","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Wilderness mineral potential: Assessment of mineral-resource potential in U.S. Forest Service lands studied in 1964-1984: Volume 2"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":32571,"text":"pp1300 - 1984 - Wilderness mineral potential: Assessment of mineral-resource potential in U.S. Forest Service lands studied in 1964-1984: Volume 2","indexId":"pp1300","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Wilderness mineral potential: Assessment of mineral-resource potential in U.S. Forest Service lands studied in 1964-1984: Volume 2"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T15:37:52.353047","indexId":"70013979","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area and Extension, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area and the adjoining Craggy Mountain Extension consist of more than 4 sq mi of steep wooded slopes on the west side of Great Craggy Mountain in the Blue Ridge of western North Carolina. A mineral-resource survey of the area done between 1976 and 1979 found no evidence fore metallic mineral resources. Kyanite, garnet, and building stone are the only mineral resources in the study area, but large quantities of similar material are available outside the study area.  Natural gas may possibly be present at great depth, but until some deep drilling is done in or near no estimate of the gas potential can be made.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilderness mineral potential: assessment of mineral-resource potential in U.S. Forest Service lands studied in 1964-1984: Volume II (Professional Paper 1300)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Lesure, F.G., and Williams, B.B., 1984, Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area and Extension, North Carolina, chap. <i>of</i> Wilderness mineral potential: assessment of mineral-resource potential in U.S. Forest Service lands studied in 1964-1984: Volume II (Professional Paper 1300), v. 2, p. 843-844.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"844","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278634,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1300/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Great Craggy Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.416667,35.683333 ], [ -82.416667,35.75 ], [ -82.35,35.75 ], [ -82.35,35.683333 ], [ -82.416667,35.683333 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2e4e4b0c8380cd4b477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesure, Frank G.","contributorId":20068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Bradford B.","contributorId":6864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Bradford","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013980,"text":"70013980 - 1984 - Relationship between quantity and quality of storm runoff and various watershed characteristics in Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T11:34:51","indexId":"70013980","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relationship between quantity and quality of storm runoff and various watershed characteristics in Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Watersheds are rural areas undergoing urbanization with current urban land use comprising 4 to 58 percent of the watershed area. The quantity and quality of storm runoff in the watersheds was tested for correlations (significance level of 0. 05) with various land-surface features and landuse characteristics. Quantity of storm runoff is not related to any single characteristic but is likely influenced by several watershed characteristics although this could not be substantiated statistically. Quality of runoff was determined by calculating the flow-weighted mean annual concentrations of four constituents - total suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved NO//2 plus NO//3 nitrogen, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage. Volume 4: Supplements","conferenceDate":"June 4-8, 1984","conferenceLocation":"Goteborg, Swed","language":"English","publisher":"Chalmers Univ of Technology","publisherLocation":"Goteborg, Swed","isbn":"9170321280","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., 1984, Relationship between quantity and quality of storm runoff and various watershed characteristics in Minnesota, USA, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage. Volume 4: Supplements, Goteborg, Swed, June 4-8, 1984, p. 791-799.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"799","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70013984,"text":"70013984 - 1984 - Field and laboratory analyses of water from the Columbia aquifer in Eastern Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-21T11:06:45.152699","indexId":"70013984","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field and laboratory analyses of water from the Columbia aquifer in Eastern Maryland","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Field and laboratory analyses of pH, alkalinity, and specific conductance from water samples collected from the Columbia aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula in eastern Maryland were compared to determine if laboratory analyses could be used for making regional water-quality interpretations.</p><p>On the basis of 170 field pH and specific conductance measurements, 165 laboratory pH and specific conductance measurements, and 86 field and 135 laboratory alkalinity measurements, a significant difference at the 0.1-percent level was found between laboratory and field analyses of pH and specific conductance. No significant difference was found between laboratory and field analyses of alkalinity. In most samples, laboratory pH was greater than field pH, laboratory specific conductance was less than field specific conductance, and laboratory alkalinity was equally likely to be less than, the same as, or greater than field alkalinity.</p><p>Kruskal-Wallis tests of field and laboratory data grouped by north-south and east-west coordinates and by land use indicate that the difference between field and laboratory values is usually not enough to affect the outcome of the statistical tests. Thus, laboratory measurements of these constituents may be adequate for making certain regional water-quality interpretations, although they may result in errors if used for geochemical interpretations.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01417.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Bachman, L., 1984, Field and laboratory analyses of water from the Columbia aquifer in Eastern Maryland: Groundwater, v. 22, no. 4, p. 460-469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01417.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"469","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa1e4b0c8380cd5396b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachman, L. J.","contributorId":47760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013985,"text":"70013985 - 1984 - Pedimentation versus debris-flow origin of plateau-side desert terraces in southern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T16:44:47.865304","indexId":"70013985","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pedimentation versus debris-flow origin of plateau-side desert terraces in southern Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Plateau-side terraces in arid areas around the world are commonly described as pediment remnants, although, in many cases, they may have been formed by debris-flow deposition. Pediments do exist in the area of the Aquarius and Kaiparowits Plateaus of southern Utah; however, many alluvial terraces that were classified by previous workers as pediments are actually formed of thick deposits of sediment released into valleys by episodic landslide events. Pedimentation may have implications of base level stability and aridity that are very different from the implications of landsliding, so that the identification of pediments where none exist, as has occurred for some places in the Aquarius and Kaiparowits areas, may result in erroneous interpretations of geologic history. Although both pediment and debris-flow depositional terraces have smooth, alluvium-covered upper surfaces, the two can be distinguished by the shape of the underlying bedrock surface and the process of formation. The distinction is that pedimentation produces smooth relief through erosion whereas wet debris flow produces smooth relief through deposition, although transitional phases exist. Most terraces on the flanks of the Aquarius and Kaiparowits Plateaus reflect periods of valley filling when wet debris flows rapidly deposited large quantities of sediment. The sources of the wet debris-flow sediment were large lobes of landslide debris that carried down sediment from high on the plateau sides. The relation of younger terraces to landsliding is clear, because the terrace surfaces are graded to the toes of slide lobes, but the origin of older terraces is less obvious, because older lobes of slide debris have generally been removed by erosion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/628880","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Williams, V.S., 1984, Pedimentation versus debris-flow origin of plateau-side desert terraces in southern Utah: Journal of Geology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 457-468, https://doi.org/10.1086/628880.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"468","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7626e4b0c8380cd77f5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, V. S.","contributorId":8876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013996,"text":"70013996 - 1984 - Compton suppression gamma-counting: The effect of count rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:14:22","indexId":"70013996","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2907,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compton suppression gamma-counting: The effect of count rate","docAbstract":"Past research has shown that anti-coincidence shielded Ge(Li) spectrometers enhanced the signal-to-background ratios for gamma-photopeaks, which are situated on high Compton backgrounds. Ordinarily, an anti- or non-coincidence spectrum (A) and a coincidence spectrum (C) are collected simultaneously with these systems. To be useful in neutron activation analysis (NAA), the fractions of the photopeak counts routed to the two spectra must be constant from sample to sample to variations must be corrected quantitatively. Most Compton suppression counting has been done at low count rate, but in NAA applications, count rates may be much higher. To operate over the wider dynamic range, the effect of count rate on the ratio of the photopeak counts in the two spectra (A/C) was studied. It was found that as the count rate increases, A/C decreases for gammas not coincident with other gammas from the same decay. For gammas coincident with other gammas, A/C increases to a maximum and then decreases. These results suggest that calibration curves are required to correct photopeak areas so quantitative data can be obtained at higher count rates. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Eslevier","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)90685-9","issn":"01675087","usgsCitation":"Millard, H.T., 1984, Compton suppression gamma-counting: The effect of count rate: Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research, v. 223, no. 2-3, p. 416-419, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5087(84)90685-9.","startPage":"416","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268837,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5087(84)90685-9"}],"volume":"223","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f948e4b0c8380cd4d544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Millard, Hugh T. Jr.","contributorId":67502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"Hugh","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013997,"text":"70013997 - 1984 - Dendrogeomorphic evidence of debris flow frequency and magnitude at Mount Shasta, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-27T14:42:53","indexId":"70013997","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dendrogeomorphic evidence of debris flow frequency and magnitude at Mount Shasta, California","docAbstract":"Debris-flow deposits and woody vegetation adjacent to and growing within the channels of Whitney, Bolam, Mud, Ash, and Panthe creeks provide a 300-year record of debris-flow frequency at Mount Shasta Dendrochronologic (tree-ring) dating methods for the debris flows proved consistent with available documented records of debris flows Nine debris flows not reported in the historic record were documented and dated dendrochronologically. The oldest tree-ring date for a mudflow was about 1670 Combined geomorphic and botanical evidence shows that debris flows are a common occurrence at Mount Shasta Debris flows traveling at least 2 km have occurred at the rate of about 8 3 per century Smaller debris flows occur substantially more frequently and usually do not proceed as far downslope as larger debris flows. Cyclic scouring and filling by debris flows, in and adjacent to the stream channels, is suggested by dendrogeomorphic evidence and appears to be related to their magnitude and frequency Debris flows, small and large, may be the major surficial geomorphic agent in the vicinity of mount Shasta, sculpturing the channels and developing large alluvial fans ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02509918","issn":"00990094","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C.R., 1984, Dendrogeomorphic evidence of debris flow frequency and magnitude at Mount Shasta, California: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 6, no. 2, p. 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02509918.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02509918"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Mount Shasta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.35061645507812,\n              41.2509675141624\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02102661132814,\n              41.2509675141624\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02102661132814,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35061645507812,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35061645507812,\n              41.2509675141624\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe96e4b0c8380cd4ede9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014000,"text":"70014000 - 1984 - Glacier mass balance and runoff research in the U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T00:49:29.152399","indexId":"70014000","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1767,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacier mass balance and runoff research in the U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"last\">Research on glacier mass balance began in the U.S.A. about 50 years ago. More complete studies of climate, snow and ice balance, and the hydrology of glaciers were initiated for the IGY in 1957 and the IHD in 1966. Investigations included the magnitude and geographic distribution of normal mass balance processes and unusual phenomena such as out-bursting, accumulation of ice by freezing of water in firn, and ablation of glacier ice by volcanic activity and by calving. Glacier size has been found not to be a simple function of climate as is widely imagined. Glaciers can increase with a warming of climate and can shrink due to calving instability mechanisms. Numerical modeling of glacier balance and runoff have appeared in the past decade only. Glacier research has also produced a new understanding of the nation's climate, water resources, and flood hazards because glaciers exist in very moist rather than very cold climates and produce very high runoff rates.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/04353676.1984.11880110","usgsCitation":"Mayo, L., 1984, Glacier mass balance and runoff research in the U.S.A.: Geografiska Annaler, Series A, v. 66 A, no. 3, p. 215-227, https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.1984.11880110.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66 A","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2916e4b0c8380cd5a681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayo, L.R.","contributorId":21541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014003,"text":"70014003 - 1984 - Botanical and geological significance of potassium-argon dates from the Juan Fernández Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T14:00:28","indexId":"70014003","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Botanical and geological significance of potassium-argon dates from the Juan Fernández Islands","docAbstract":"<p>Potassium-argon dating of five basalts from the three main islands of the Juan Fern&aacute;ndez (or Robinson Crusoe) Islands of Chile in the southeastern Pacific gives ages of 1.01 &plusmn; 0.12 and 2.44 &plusmn; 0.14 million years for Masafuera, 3.79 &plusmn; 0.20 and 4.23 &plusmn; 0.16 for Masatierra, and 5.8 &plusmn; 2.1 for Santa Clara. These ages are much younger than that of the underlying oceanic plate and are consistent with the origin of the island-seamount chain from a mantle hot spot beneath the eastward moving Nazca plate. The young age for the archipelago suggests that speciation within endemic genera has occurred within the past 4 to 5 million years. Endemic genera of apparently more ancient origins, such as<span>&nbsp;Lactoris&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;Thyrsopteris,&nbsp;</span>have apparently dispersed to the islands and survive refugially.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAS","doi":"10.1126/science.225.4657.49","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Stuessy, T.F., Foland, K., Sutter, J.F., Sanders, R.W., and Silva, O.M., 1984, Botanical and geological significance of potassium-argon dates from the Juan Fernández Islands: Science, v. 225, no. 4657, p. 49-51, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.225.4657.49.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"225","issue":"4657","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f223e4b0c8380cd4b01d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuessy, Tod F.","contributorId":59603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuessy","given":"Tod","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutter, John F.","contributorId":81127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanders, Roger W.","contributorId":103530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, O. Mario","contributorId":44802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mario","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014007,"text":"70014007 - 1984 - Heating of a fully saturated Darcian half-space: Pressure generation, fluid expulsion, and phase change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T14:54:34.999233","indexId":"70014007","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2051,"text":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heating of a fully saturated Darcian half-space: Pressure generation, fluid expulsion, and phase change","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analytical solutions are developed for the pressurization, expansion, and flow of one- and two-phase liquids during heating of fully saturated and hydraulically open Darcian half-spaces subjected to a step rise in temperature at its surface. For silicate materials, advective transfer is commonly unimportant in the liquid region; this is not always the case in the vapor region. Volume change is commonly more important than heat of vaporization in determining the position of the liquid-vapor interface, assuring that the temperatures cannot be determined independently of pressures. Pressure increases reach a maximum near the leading edge of the thermal front and penetrate well into the isothermal region of the body. Mass flux is insensitive to the hydraulic properties of the half-space.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0017-9310(84)90060-7","issn":"00179310","usgsCitation":"Delaney, P., 1984, Heating of a fully saturated Darcian half-space: Pressure generation, fluid expulsion, and phase change: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1327-1335, https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(84)90060-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1327","endPage":"1335","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a300ae4b0c8380cd5d310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, P.","contributorId":107037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014008,"text":"70014008 - 1984 - Chemical determination of particulate nitrogen in San Francisco Bay. A comparison of two estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T16:16:06.945435","indexId":"70014008","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical determination of particulate nitrogen in San Francisco Bay. A comparison of two estimates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Particulate nitrogen was measured by both the ultra-violet light-catalyzed peroxide method and the high temperature combustion method. The difference between values obtained with the two methods (combustion minus UV) was found to be linearly correlated with the concentration of total suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the sample. The slope of this correlation was taken to be the concentration of refractory nitrogen associated with the suspended matter, which may be ammonium ions fixed in lattices of clay minerals or organic nitrogen compounds did not vary significantly with SPM, location, water depth or salinity. Refractory nitrogen concentration were possibly related to concentrations of chlorophyll&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;and to cruise date, but in neither case was the evidence conclusive. Based on the indirect evidence presented, the UV method appears to provide a good measure of biologically reactive nitrogen in this system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(84)90063-5","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Hager, S., and Harmon, D., 1984, Chemical determination of particulate nitrogen in San Francisco Bay. A comparison of two estimates: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 19, no. 2, p. 181-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(84)90063-5.","productDescription":"11 p .","startPage":"181","endPage":"191","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.53797685279024,\n              37.84427609263325\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49500998189718,\n              37.76695031453306\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40668919172816,\n              37.783931201085664\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40191509496236,\n              37.668762181588136\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.41623738526003,\n              37.612056005110276\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28017562743217,\n              37.51744956204762\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09875995032806,\n              37.41134777440679\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97463343441497,\n              37.403763314697756\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90302198292653,\n              37.45873324901157\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02476145045672,\n              37.5023013836084\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06772832134979,\n              37.58179501608495\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19901598241185,\n              37.74619060142156\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.27301448228317,\n              37.82542361271908\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30165906287854,\n              37.91210512041958\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.373270514367,\n              37.953525437200824\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33269069185684,\n              37.98927874454223\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.29211086934697,\n              37.994922411719855\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22527351462432,\n              38.047575697411844\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24675695007099,\n              38.14525996186228\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26346628875157,\n              38.167783938211386\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25391809521969,\n              38.287794272783174\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28017562743217,\n              38.30840110366958\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3589482240693,\n              38.233439123636714\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.44249491747252,\n              38.14525996186228\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53081570764152,\n              38.133995364984685\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5594602882369,\n              38.01749273814326\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53797685279024,\n              37.84427609263325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f579e4b0c8380cd4c23a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmon, D.D.","contributorId":78749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014010,"text":"70014010 - 1984 - The group separation of the rare-earth elements and yttrium from geologic materials by cation-exchange chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:43:04","indexId":"70014010","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The group separation of the rare-earth elements and yttrium from geologic materials by cation-exchange chromatography","docAbstract":"Demand is increasing for the determination of the rare-earth elements (REE) and yttrium in geologic materials. Due to their low natural abundance in many materials and the interferences that occur in many methods of determination, a separation procedure utilizing gradient strong-acid cation-exchange chromatography is often used to preconcentrate and isolate these elements from the host-rock matrix. Two separate gradient strong-acid cation-exchange procedures were characterized and the major elements as well as those elements thought to provide the greatest interference for the determination of the REE in geologic materials were tested for separation from the REE. Simultaneous inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICAP-AES) measurements were used to construct the chromatograms for the elution studies, allowing the elution patterns of all the elements of interest to be determined in a single fraction of eluent. As a rock matrix, U.S. Geological Survey standard reference BCR-1 basalt was digested using both an acid decomposition procedure and a lithium metaborate fusion. Hydrochloric and nitric acids were tested as eluents and chromatograms were plotted using the ICAP-AES data; and we observed substantial differences in the elution patterns of the REE and as well as in the solution patterns of Ba, Ca, Fe and Sr. The nitric acid elution required substantially less eluent to elute the REE and Y as a group when compared to the hydrochloric acid elution, and provided a clearer separation of the REE from interfering and matrix elements. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(84)90121-9","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Lichte, F., and Wildeman, T., 1984, The group separation of the rare-earth elements and yttrium from geologic materials by cation-exchange chromatography: Chemical Geology, v. 45, no. 1-2, p. 149-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(84)90121-9.","startPage":"149","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266109,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(84)90121-9"},{"id":225677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baca7e4b08c986b32363e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildeman, T.R.","contributorId":30248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildeman","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014011,"text":"70014011 - 1984 - Geology of El Chichon volcano, Chiapas, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014011","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of El Chichon volcano, Chiapas, Mexico","docAbstract":"The (pre-1982) 850-m-high andesitic stratovolcano El Chicho??n, active during Pleistocene and Holocene time, is located in rugged, densely forested terrain in northcentral Chiapas, Me??xico. The nearest neighboring Holocene volcanoes are 275 km and 200 km to the southeast and northwest, respectively. El Chicho??n is built on Tertiary siltstone and sandstone, underlain by Cretaceous dolomitic limestone; a 4-km-deep bore hole near the east base of the volcano penetrated this limestone and continued 770 m into a sequence of Jurassic or Cretaceous evaporitic anhydrite and halite. The basement rocks are folded into generally northwest-trending anticlines and synclines. El Chicho??n is built over a small dome-like structure superposed on a syncline, and this structure may reflect cumulative deformation related to growth of a crustal magma reservoir beneath the volcano. The cone of El Chicho??n consists almost entirely of pyroclastic rocks. The pre-1982 cone is marked by a 1200-m-diameter (explosion?) crater on the southwest flank and a 1600-m-diameter crater apparently of similar origin at the summit, a lava dome partly fills each crater. The timing of cone and dome growth is poorly known. Field evidence indicates that the flank dome is older than the summit dome, and K-Ar ages from samples high on the cone suggest that the flank dome is older than about 276,000 years. At least three pyroclastic eruptions have occurred during the past 1250 radiocarbon years. Nearly all of the pyroclastic and dome rocks are moderately to highly porphyritic andesite, with plagioclase, hornblende and clinopyroxene the most common phenocrysts. Geologists who mapped El Chicho??n in 1980 and 1981 warned that the volcano posed a substantial hazard to the surrounding region. This warning was proven to be prophetic by violent eruptions that occurred in March and April of 1982. These eruptions blasted away nearly all of the summit dome, blanketed the surrounding region with tephra, and sent pyroclastic flows down radial drainages on the flanks of the cone; about 0.3 km3 of material (density of all products normalized to 2.6 g cm-3) was erupted. More debris entered the stratosphere than from any other volcanic eruption within at least the past two decades. Halite and a calcium sulfate mineral (anhydrite?) recovered from the stratospheric cloud, and anhydrite as a common accessory mineral in 1982 juvenile erupted products may reflect contamination of El Chicho??n magma by the evaporite sequence revealed by drilling. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., Tilling, R., and Canul, R., 1984, Geology of El Chichon volcano, Chiapas, Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 20, no. 1-2, p. 117-132.","startPage":"117","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2488e4b0c8380cd5818c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Canul, R.","contributorId":31532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canul","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014014,"text":"70014014 - 1984 - Midseason mapping of sunflowers using Landsat digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:43:11","indexId":"70014014","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Midseason mapping of sunflowers using Landsat digital data","docAbstract":"The mapping results suggest that for the midsummer Landsat data used, there was not a sufficiently reliable relationship between Landsat-derived spectral clusters and sunflowers to allow 'automated' production of useful sunflower location maps. The occurrence of sunflower pixels in all cluster classes was a consequence of the diversity in sunflower appearance at the point in the growing season when the Landsat image used for digital processing was acquired. -Authors","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3808492","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W., Ohlen, D., and Fairaizl, S., 1984, Midseason mapping of sunflowers using Landsat digital data: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 1, p. 295-298, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808492.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56efe4b0c8380cd6d921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, W.H.","contributorId":93420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohlen, D.O.","contributorId":72371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairaizl, S.D.","contributorId":77630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairaizl","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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