Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd data for mare basalts combined with Rb-Sr and total REE data taken from the literature suggest that the mare basalts were derived by small (≤10%) degrees of partial melting of cumulate sources, but that the magma ocean from which these sources formed was light REE and Hf-enriched. Calculated source compositions range from lherzolite to olivine websterite. Nonmodal melting of small amounts of ilmenite (≤3%) in the sources seems to be required by the Lu/Hf data. A comparison of the Hf and Nd isotopic characteristics between the mare basalts and terrestrial oceanic basalts reveals that the εHf/εNd ratios in low-Ti mare basalts are much higher than in terrestrial oceanic basalts. The results are qualitatively consistent with the hypothesis that terrestrial basalt sources are partial melt residues whereas mare basalt sources are cumulates. Alternatively, the results may imply that the terrestrial mantle has evolved in two (or more) stages of evolution, and that the net effect was depletion of the mantle during the first ∼1–3 b.y. followed by enrichment during the last 1–2 b.y.; or simply that there is a difference in Lu-Hf crystal-liquid partitioning (relative to Sm-Nd between the lunar and terrestrial mantles.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iS02p0B459","issn":"00221406","isbn":"0875902332","usgsCitation":"Unruh, D., Stille, P., Patchett, P., and Tatsumoto, M., 1984, Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd evolution in lunar mare basalts: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. S02, p. B459-B477, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iS02p0B459.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"B459","endPage":"B477","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"S02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a7fe4b0c8380cd68dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unruh, D.M.","contributorId":8498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stille, P.","contributorId":70113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stille","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patchett, P. J.","contributorId":55152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patchett","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013348,"text":"70013348 - 1984 - Relationship of late Quaternary fault scarps to subjacent faults, eastern Great Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T13:17:26.718669","indexId":"70013348","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of late Quaternary fault scarps to subjacent faults, eastern Great Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection profiles in the Sevier Desert basin in western Utah help clarify the relationship between some late Quaternary fault scarps and subjacent faults. A profile crossing the Clear Lake fault confirms that Holocene(?) displacement has occurred on a high-angle normal fault that is directly connected to the Sevier Desert detachment. If detachment faults can act as seismogenic source zones, then the young movement on the normal fault suggests that the Sevier Desert detachment may be unstable and perhaps the source of future earthquakes. A swarm of late Quaternary scarps near the Drum Mountains overlies a network of steep faults in competent rock that have had recurrent movement. Many subsurface faults are not associated with scarps, suggesting that selected faults ruptured during the last episode of surface faulting.
Basaltic lava flows and high-silica rhyolite domes form the Pleistocene part of the Coso volcanic field in southeastern California. The distribution of vents maps the areal zonation inferred for the upper parts of the Coso magmatic system. Subalkalic basalts (<50% SiO2) were erupted well away from the rhyolite field at any given time. Compositional variation among these basalts can be ascribed to crystal fractionation. Erupted volumes of these basalts decrease with increasing differentiation. Mafic lavas containing up to 58% SiO2, erupted adjacent to the rhyolite field, formed by mixing of basaltic and silicic magma. Basaltic magma interacted with crustal rocks to form other SiO2-rich mafic lavas erupted near the Sierra Nevada fault zone.
Several rhyolite domes in the Coso volcanic field contain sparse andesitic inclusions (55–61% SiO2). Pillow-like forms, intricate commingling and local diffusive mixing of andesite and rhyolite at contacts, concentric vesicle distribution, and crystal morphologies indicative of undercooling show that inclusions were incorporated in their rhyolitic hosts as blobs of magma. Inclusions were probably dispersed throughout small volumes of rhyolitic magma by convective (mechanical) mixing. Inclusion magma was formed by mixing (hybridization) at the interface between basaltic and rhyolitic magmas that coexisted in vertically zoned igneous systems. Relict phenocrysts and the bulk compositions of inclusions suggest that silicic endmembers were less differentiated than erupted high-silica rhyolite. Changes in inferred endmembers of magma mixtures with time suggest that the steepness of chemical gradients near the silicic/mafic interface in the zoned reservoir may have decreased as the system matured, although a high-silica rhyolitic cap persisted.
The Coso example is an extreme case of large thermal and compositional contrast between inclusion and host magmas; lesser differences between intermediate composition magmas and inclusions lead to undercooling phenomena that suggest smaller ΔT. Vertical compositional zonation in magma chambers has been documented through study of products of voluminous pyroclastic eruptions. Magmatic inclusions in volcanic rocks provide evidence for compositional zonation and mixing processes in igneous systems when only lava is erupted.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01150292","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., and Metz, J., 1984, Magmatic inclusions in rhyolites, contaminated basalts, and compositional zonation beneath the Coso volcanic field, California: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 85, no. 4, p. 346-365, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01150292.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01150292"},{"id":220127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b47e4b0c8380cd69411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metz, J.","contributorId":59942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012678,"text":"70012678 - 1984 - On the treatment of evapotranspiration, soil moisture accounting, and aquifer recharge in monthly water balance models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T17:45:00","indexId":"70012678","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the treatment of evapotranspiration, soil moisture accounting, and aquifer recharge in monthly water balance models","docAbstract":"Several two- to six-parameter regional water balance models are examined by using 50-year records of monthly streamflow at 10 sites in New Jersey. These models include variants of the Thornthwaite-Mather model, the Palmer model, and the more recent Thomas abcd model. Prediction errors are relatively similar among the models. However, simulated values of state variables such as soil moisture storage differ substantially among the models, and fitted parameter values for different models sometimes indicated an entirely different type of basin response to precipitation. Some problems in parameter identification are noted, including difficulties in identifying an appropriate time lag factor for the Thornthwaite-Mather-type model for basins with little groundwater storage, very high correlations between upper and lower storages in the Palmer-type model, and large sensitivity of parameter a of the abcd model to bias in estimates of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Modifications to the threshold concept of the Thornthwaite-Mather model were statistically valid for the six stations in northern New Jersey. The abcd model resulted in a simulated seasonal cycle of groundwater levels similar to fluctuations observed in nearby wells but with greater persistence. These results suggest that extreme caution should be used in attaching physical significance to model parameters and in using the state variables of the models in indices of drought and basin productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i008p01137","usgsCitation":"Alley, W.M., 1984, On the treatment of evapotranspiration, soil moisture accounting, and aquifer recharge in monthly water balance models: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 8, p. 1137-1149, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i008p01137.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1149","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e03e4b0c8380cd7544b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012694,"text":"70012694 - 1984 - Analysis of trace metals in water by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry using sodium dibenzyldithiocarbamate for preconcentration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T15:17:00.115224","indexId":"70012694","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":762,"text":"Analytical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of trace metals in water by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry using sodium dibenzyldithiocarbamate for preconcentration","docAbstract":"Since concentrations of trace elements in most natural waters seldom exceed the μg/L level, analysis of trace elements in natural waters by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) requires a preconcentration procedure. The elements Ag, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, W, and Zn were separated and concentrated from 500 mL of water by coprecipitating them with sodium dibenzyldithiocarbamate (NaDBDTC) using nickel or silver as a carrier. The precipitated trace elements were collected on a membrance filter, redissolved from the filter with hot nitric and hydrochloric acids, and analyzed using ICP. Recoveries for all the trace elements except tungsten exceeded 80%. Coprecipitation of trace elements with NaDBDTC eliminated the use of difficult-to-inject organic solvents, and NaDBDTC coprecipitated a wider array of trace elements than ammoniumpyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), another commonly used coprecipitate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00032718408065345","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.L., Motooka, J.M., and Willson, W.R., 1984, Analysis of trace metals in water by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry using sodium dibenzyldithiocarbamate for preconcentration: Analytical Letters, v. 17, no. 15, p. 1715-1730, https://doi.org/10.1080/00032718408065345.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1715","endPage":"1730","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb44e4b0c8380cd48d0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, C. L.","contributorId":100842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willson, W. R.","contributorId":18358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012650,"text":"70012650 - 1984 - Stratiform tourmalinites in metamorphic terranes and their geologic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T01:24:51.573054","indexId":"70012650","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratiform tourmalinites in metamorphic terranes and their geologic significance","docAbstract":"Stratiform tourmalinites are significant minor rock types in many regional metamorphic terranes of the world. Tourmalinites are more widespread than previously recognized and are especially common in Proterozoic and early Paleozoic sequences dominated by clastic metasedimentary rocks. They consist of conformable layers made up primarily of quartz and abundant tourmaline, the latter typically exceeding 15% to 20% of rock volumes. A few tourmalinites display striking sedimentary structures such as graded bedding, cross-laminations, slump and flame structures, and rip-up clasts. These and other geologic features provide important constraints for assessing the origin of these rocks, and they suggest that tourmalinites form by the early diagenetic modification of a primary boron-rich chemical precipitate. Tourmalinites are significant in preserving a valuable record of unusual chemical and paleogeographic conditions in clastic sedimentary basins, and in their close association with a variety of stratabound mineral deposits.
In northern Vermont, detailed 1:10,000 mapping of the Hazens Notch, Ottauquechee, Stowe, and Moretown formations in the 60 km 2 Jay area has shown that metasedimentary rocks and serpentinites are highly faulted to produce a tectonic stratigraphy in which serpentinites and talc-carbonate rocks occur as slivers along faults that separate contrasting lithic assemblages. Remnants of the ophiolite sequences of Quebec. In western Massachusetts, the ultramafic-bearing section of the Rowe Schist and the western part of the Moretown Formation are largely equivalent to the rocks in northern Vermont. Mapping at 1:24,000 scale and compilation work for the new bedrock map of Massachusetts have shown that the Rowe Schist consists of numerous lenses of greenschist, carbonaceous schist, gray schist, amphibolite, and serpentinite. Although the geometric arrangement of the lenses and serpentinites is strikingly similar to that seen in the Jay area, higher grade Taconian and Acadian metamorphism has partially obscured the fault fabrics seen in Vermont.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.284.4-5.559","usgsCitation":"Stanley, R.S., Roy, D.L., Hatch, N., and Knapp, D.A., 1984, Evidence for tectonic emplacement of ultramafic and associated rocks in the pre-Silurian eugeoclinal belt of western New England: Vestiges of an ancient accretionary wedge: American Journal of Science, v. 284, no. 4-5, p. 559-595, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.284.4-5.559.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"595","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225350,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"western New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.26660651379039,\n 44.92216003624219\n ],\n [\n -73.49032053854063,\n 44.92216003624219\n ],\n [\n -73.49032053854063,\n 42.023234935610844\n ],\n [\n -72.26660651379039,\n 42.023234935610844\n ],\n [\n -72.26660651379039,\n 44.92216003624219\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"284","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d53e4b0c8380cd52f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Rolfe S.","contributorId":62661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Rolfe","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, D. L.","contributorId":96840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Norman L.","contributorId":11624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Norman L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, Douglas A.","contributorId":106558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012653,"text":"70012653 - 1984 - MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF CARBONATE ROCKS IN THE CONFUSION RANGE, UTAH.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70012653","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF CARBONATE ROCKS IN THE CONFUSION RANGE, UTAH.","docAbstract":"Multispectral imagery recorded by the NASA/Bendix 24-channel aircraft scanner over the Confusion Range, Utah, proved to be extremely sensitive to lithologic variations in exposed carbonate rocks. Major carbonate units within a 16-km**2 study area were readily distinguished, and some aspects of their structure and stratigraphy could be inferred from image spectral signatures. Spectral data channels centered at 1. 6 and 2. 2 mu m accounted for much of the data sensitivity to lithologic differences. Rock texture, organic matter content, and weathering expression were important lithologic factors producing spectral variation.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","usgsCitation":"Crowley, J.K., 1984, MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF CARBONATE ROCKS IN THE CONFUSION RANGE, UTAH., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology., Colorado Springs, CO, USA, p. 837-851.","startPage":"837","endPage":"851","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b02e4b0c8380cd69214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, James K.","contributorId":10928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11870,"text":"ofr86429 - 1984 - Analytical results and sample localities of rock, stream sediment and oxalic-acid-soluble fraction of stream-sediment samples from the Ten Lakes Wilderness Study Area, Lincoln County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T20:31:30.535161","indexId":"ofr86429","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-429","title":"Analytical results and sample localities of rock, stream sediment and oxalic-acid-soluble fraction of stream-sediment samples from the Ten Lakes Wilderness Study Area, Lincoln County, Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86429","usgsCitation":"Leinz, R.W., Siems, D.F., Arbogast, B., and McDougal, C.M., 1984, Analytical results and sample localities of rock, stream sediment and oxalic-acid-soluble fraction of stream-sediment samples from the Ten Lakes Wilderness Study Area, Lincoln County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-429, Report: 36 p.; 1 Plate: 27.38 x 22.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86429.","productDescription":"Report: 36 p.; 1 Plate: 27.38 x 22.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":39778,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0429/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39777,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0429/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0429/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414502,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17043.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Lincoln County","otherGeospatial":"Ten Lakes Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.078,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -115.078,\n 48.75\n ],\n [\n -114.729,\n 48.75\n ],\n [\n -114.729,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -115.078,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f60f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leinz, R. W.","contributorId":89885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leinz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arbogast, B. F.","contributorId":60623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arbogast","given":"B. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougal, C. M.","contributorId":21129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014446,"text":"1014446 - 1984 - A lymphosarcoma of thymic origin in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-02T11:02:55.581175","indexId":"1014446","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lymphosarcoma of thymic origin in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson","docAbstract":"A rainbow trout with a malignant lymphoma of probable thymic origin showed direct spread of the tumour to the gills, metastases to the liver and head kidney, and the presence of abnormal circulating lymphocytes. The cells of the tumour possessed plasma membrane immunoglobulin detectable by immuno–fluorescence. Examination of the tumour cells by transmission electron microscopy revealed no evidence of virus associated with the cells. Infectious viruses could not be detected in the tumour tissue, and the tumour was not transmissible by injection of live tumour cells into young rainbow trout. Attempts to establish the tumour in long–term culture were unsuccessful.
Simulated observations of spawning stock size, recruitment, and two random environmental variables were obtained from a density-independent Leslie matrix model. Recruitment to Age 1 was directly proportional to population fecundity but strongly influenced by the effects of the random environmental variables. The simulated observations were subjected to multiple regression analysis which detected the influence of the random environmental variables but did not reliably detect the influence of spawning stock. These results indicate that multiple regression is unreliable in detecting the influence of stock on recruitment when annual variations in recruitment are primarily due to environmental factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1984)4<186:OTATDT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Goodyear, C., and Christensen, S.W., 1984, On the ability to detect the influence of spawning stock on recruitment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 4, no. 2, p. 186-193, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1984)4<186:OTATDT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"193","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603c9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodyear, C.P.","contributorId":11538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Sigurd W.","contributorId":94155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Sigurd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014456,"text":"1014456 - 1984 - Two new species of Myxozoa, Myxobolus inaequus sp. n. and Henneguya theca sp. n. from the brain of a South American knife fish, Eigemannia virescens (V.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T15:11:16.668344","indexId":"1014456","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2434,"text":"Journal of Protozoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Two new species of Myxozoa, Myxobolus inaequus sp. n. and Henneguya theca sp. n. from the brain of a South American knife fish, Eigemannia virescens (V.)","title":"Two new species of Myxozoa, Myxobolus inaequus sp. n. and Henneguya theca sp. n. from the brain of a South American knife fish, Eigemannia virescens (V.)","docAbstract":"Two new species of Myxozoa from the brain of the green knife fish Eigemannia virescens are described: Myxobolus inaequus sp. n. has an unusually large spore body and extremely unequal polar capsules, and Henneguya theca sp. n. has an attenuated spore encased in a sheath not previously described in other Myxozoa. Only spores of the two species were observed, and infections caused no obvious pathological changes in the brain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb04295.x","usgsCitation":"Kent, M., and Hoffman, G.L., 1984, Two new species of Myxozoa, Myxobolus inaequus sp. n. and Henneguya theca sp. n. from the brain of a South American knife fish, Eigemannia virescens (V.): Journal of Protozoology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 91-94, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb04295.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6239d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, M.L.","contributorId":108058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013880,"text":"1013880 - 1984 - Feasibility of saltwater gradient ponds as a heat supply for hatchery rearing water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:59:56.327894","indexId":"1013880","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feasibility of saltwater gradient ponds as a heat supply for hatchery rearing water","docAbstract":"Salt gradient solar collector ponds are economically feasible as a source of heat energy for hatchery rearing water. A pond 3 m deep and covering an area of 5000 m2 will supply approximately 2800 GJ of energy over a three-month period — enough for a one-year smolt program in an Atlantic salmon hatchery. The cost to construct such a pond is approximately $173,000, or the equivalent of seven years' fuel bills using conventional heating equipment. Although the technology is new and not entirely understood, existing ponds have proven to be relatively problem free and require only minimum maintenance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(84)90027-X","usgsCitation":"Fuss, J.T., 1984, Feasibility of saltwater gradient ponds as a heat supply for hatchery rearing water: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 3, no. 1, p. 31-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(84)90027-X.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6f29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuss, J. T.","contributorId":37673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014478,"text":"1014478 - 1984 - Multilocus electrophoretic assessment of the genetic structure and diversity of Yersinia ruckeri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T18:17:06.753739","indexId":"1014478","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Multilocus electrophoretic assessment of the genetic structure and diversity of Yersinia ruckeri","title":"Multilocus electrophoretic assessment of the genetic structure and diversity of Yersinia ruckeri","docAbstract":"Multilocus isoenzyme electrophoresis was used to screen 47 field isolates of Yersinia ruckeri for electrophoretic variation at 15 enzyme loci. Only four electrophoretic types were observed, thus indicating that the genetic structure of Y. ruckeri is clonal. Forty-two isolates were of one electrophoretic type, a reflection of the low amount of genetic diversity extant in this species. Although sorbitol fermentation has been considered to be indicative of a second biotype, no significant gene frequency differences were found between the group of 20 isolates that readily used sorbitol as the sole carbon source and the group of 27 that did not.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.48.5.975-979.1984","usgsCitation":"Schill, W.B., Phelps, S., and Pyle, S.W., 1984, Multilocus electrophoretic assessment of the genetic structure and diversity of Yersinia ruckeri: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 48, no. 5, p. 975-979, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.48.5.975-979.1984.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"975","endPage":"979","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480192,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.48.5.975-979.1984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, S.R.","contributorId":39714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyle, S. W.","contributorId":86720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001605,"text":"1001605 - 1984 - Swainson's hawk nesting ecology in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T14:45:21.311479","indexId":"1001605","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Swainson's hawk nesting ecology in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were studied at 270 occupied nest sites in south-central North Dakota on a 1,259-km2 intensive study block and on a surrounding study area (16,519 km2) during three breeding seasons. On the intensive study block the number of occupied nests ranged from 46 in 1977 to 100 in 1979. Average nest densities were highest on ground moraine (0.119 nest/km2) and on eolian sand deposit (0.102 nest/km2 landforms. Pasture and haylands made up 75% of the land-use within 1.0 km of a sample of 27 nests. Some pairs nested successfully in sites characterized by intensive agriculture and human activity; about 75% of all nests were in sites attributable to human activities. The most common nesting sites (43%) were in shelterbelts. Cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) were the most frequently used (44%) nest trees. At least 50% of the pairs constructed new nests each year. Mean nest success was 64% and mean number of young fledged per occupied nest was 1.5. Wind and hail caused over 30% of the nest failures each of the three years. Northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) were the most frequent prey, accounting for 44% of all animal remains found at nests. Man-made changes in central North Dakota during the last century have provided many nesting sites in areas previously sparsely populated by Swainson's Hawks.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1367335","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, D., and Stewart, R.E., 1984, Swainson's hawk nesting ecology in North Dakota: Condor, v. 86, p. 12-18, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367335.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.63917638095305,\n 49.46438860007595\n ],\n [\n -104.63917638095305,\n 45.548500184836\n ],\n [\n -96.20167638095326,\n 45.548500184836\n ],\n [\n -96.20167638095326,\n 49.46438860007595\n ],\n [\n -104.63917638095305,\n 49.46438860007595\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001655,"text":"1001655 - 1984 - Use of raptor nests by nesting ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T13:28:22","indexId":"1001655","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of raptor nests by nesting ducks","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Konrad, P., and Gilmer, D., 1984, Use of raptor nests by nesting ducks: Prairie Naturalist, v. 16.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"38, 48","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68581d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, P.M.","contributorId":28201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007722,"text":"1007722 - 1984 - Golden Gate uses team approach on 'monumental' resource problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:18","indexId":"1007722","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Golden Gate uses team approach on 'monumental' resource problems","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Howell, J.A., 1984, Golden Gate uses team approach on 'monumental' resource problems: Park Science, v. 4, no. 2, p. 15-16.","productDescription":"p. 15-16","startPage":"15","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, J. A.","contributorId":27812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11456,"text":"ofr84721 - 1984 - Estimated water use in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 1983 - June 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T19:52:12.783102","indexId":"ofr84721","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-721","title":"Estimated water use in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 1983 - June 1984","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84721","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Carribean Research Insitute College of the Virgin Islands","usgsCitation":"Torres-Sierra, H., and Dacosta, R., 1984, Estimated water use in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 1983 - June 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-721, 1 Plate: 37.95 x 21.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84721.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.95 x 21.95 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0721/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0721/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"St. Thomas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.10039538177998,\n 18.427634795097347\n ],\n [\n -65.10039538177998,\n 18.257725817979107\n ],\n [\n -64.80179172993793,\n 18.257725817979107\n ],\n [\n -64.80179172993793,\n 18.427634795097347\n ],\n [\n -65.10039538177998,\n 18.427634795097347\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649faf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres-Sierra, Heriberto","contributorId":97913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sierra","given":"Heriberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dacosta, Rafael","contributorId":93060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dacosta","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012887,"text":"70012887 - 1984 - HOT WATER DRILL FOR TEMPERATE ICE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012887","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"HOT WATER DRILL FOR TEMPERATE ICE.","docAbstract":"The development of a high-pressure hot-water drill is described, which has been used reliably in temperate ice to depths of 400 meters with an average drill rate of about 1. 5 meters per minute. One arrangement of the equipment weighs about 500 kilograms, and can be contained on two sleds, each about 3 meters long. Simplified performance equations are given, and experiments with nozzle design suggest a characteristic number describing the efficiency of each design, and a minimum bore-hole diameter very close to 6 centimeters for a hot water drill. Also discussed is field experience with cold weather, water supply, and contact with englacial cavities and the glacier bed.","largerWorkTitle":"CRREL Special Report (US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory)","conferenceTitle":"Ice Drilling Technology, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop/Symposium.","conferenceLocation":"Calgary, Alberta, Can","language":"English","publisher":"US Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab","publisherLocation":"Hanover, NH, USA","issn":"03757935","usgsCitation":"Taylor, P.L., 1984, HOT WATER DRILL FOR TEMPERATE ICE., in CRREL Special Report (US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory), Calgary, Alberta, Can, p. 105-117.","startPage":"105","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e82e4b0c8380cd5c5e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Philip L.","contributorId":96829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013822,"text":"1013822 - 1984 - U.S. Department of the Interior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1013822","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3658,"text":"Trout Growers Creel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Department of the Interior","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trout Growers Creel","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"None/TIS","usgsCitation":"Gutsell, G., 1984, U.S. Department of the Interior: Trout Growers Creel, v. 17, no. 2, p. 6-7.","productDescription":"p. 6-7","startPage":"6","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db6135dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutsell, G.S.","contributorId":88694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutsell","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012884,"text":"70012884 - 1984 - RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - EEZ SYMPOSIUM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012884","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - EEZ SYMPOSIUM.","docAbstract":"The Presidential proclamation on March 10, 1983, of a 200-nautical-mile-wide Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) focuses attention on the mineral resources of a vast submarine area. The hard-mineral resources in the EEZ include shallow-water placer deposits, polymetallic sulfide deposits, and cobalt-enriched manganese crusts in deeper water. The petroleum resource potential of basins within the EEZ is of importance especially in the deep water of the continental slope and rise. In order to formulate a national program to assess the resources in the EEZ, a symposium on 'A National Program for the Assessment and Development of the Mineral Resources of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone', was held at the National Center of the US Geological Survey. The symposium covered resource evaluation, engineering development needs, and the legal framework for management of the assessment and development of this vast area. Recommendations resulting from the symposium are discussed as well as the initial steps for implementing those recommendations and formulating an effective national program.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Oceans '84 Conference & Exposition, Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education, Designs for the Future.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Rowland, R.W., and McGregor, B.A., 1984, RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - EEZ SYMPOSIUM., in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Washington, DC, USA, p. 409-414.","startPage":"409","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9335e4b0c8380cd80c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowland, Robert W.","contributorId":42200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGregor, Bonnie A.","contributorId":61022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}