{"pageNumber":"4652","pageRowStart":"116275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165578,"records":[{"id":70013310,"text":"70013310 - 1984 - Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:29:01","indexId":"70013310","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream","docAbstract":"<p><span>An experimental injection was performed to study the transport of stream water solutes under conditions of significant interaction with streambed sediments in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream. Experiments were conducted in Little Lost Man Creek, Humboldt County, California, in a period of low flow duringwhich only a part of the bank-full channel held active surface flow. The injection of chloride and several trace cations lasted 20 days. In this report we discuss the results of the first 24 hours of the injection and survey the results of the first 10 days. Solute-streambed interactions of two types were observed. First, the physical transport of the conservative tracer, chloride, was affected by intergravel flow and stagnant watt, zones created by the bed relief. Second, the transport of the cations (strontium, potassium, and lithium) was appreciably modified by sorption onto streambed sediment. In the stream the readily observable consequence of the solute-streambed interactions was an attenuation of the dissolved concentration of each of the tracers. The attenuation in the stream channel occurred concurrently with the storage of tracers in the streambed via both physical and chemical processes. All tracers were subsequently present in shallow wells dug several meters from the wetted part of the channel. Sediment samples collected approximately 3 weeks after the start of the injection contained increased concentrations of the injected cations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i012p01797","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Kennedy, V.C., Zellweger, G.W., Jackman, A.P., and Avanzino, R.J., 1984, Interactions of solutes and streambed sediment: 1. An experimental analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 12, p. 1797-1803, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i012p01797.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1803","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Little Lost Man Creek","volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd0e4b0c8380cd6307f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013309,"text":"70013309 - 1984 - Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T11:03:59","indexId":"70013309","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese crusts on raised areas of the ocean floor have joined abyssal manganese nodules and hydrothermal sulfides as potential marine resources. Significant volumes of cobalt-rich (about 1% Co) crusts have been identified to date within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Central Pacific: in the NW Hawaiian Ridge and Seamount region and in the seamounts in the Johnston Island and Palmyra Island regions. Large volumes of lower grade crusts, slabs, and nodules are also present in shallow ( greater than 1000 m) waters on the Blake plateau, off Florida-South Carolina in the Atlantic Ocean. Data on ferromanganese crusts have been increased by recent German and USGS cruises, but are still sparse, and other regions having crust potential are under current investigation. The authors discuss economic potentials for cobalt-rich crusts in the Central Pacific and Western North Atlantic oceans, with special reference to US EEZ areas. Additional research is needed before more quantitative resource estimates can be made.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceans '84 : Conference record : Industry, government, education - Designs for the future","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Oceans '84 Conference & Exposition, Conference Record: Industry, Government, Education, Designs for the Future.","conferenceDate":"September 10-12, 1984","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152203","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Commeau, R., Clark, A., Johnson, C., Manheim, F., Aruscavage, P.J., and Lane, C., 1984, Ferromanganese crust resources in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, <i>in</i> Oceans '84 : Conference record : Industry, government, education - Designs for the future, Washington, DC, September 10-12, 1984, p. 421-430, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1984.1152203.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e73e4b0c8380cd5346a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Commeau, R.F.","contributorId":62194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, A.","contributorId":50476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aruscavage, P. J.","contributorId":41411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aruscavage","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, C.M.","contributorId":97488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70013308,"text":"70013308 - 1984 - Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:51:07.788742","indexId":"70013308","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt","docAbstract":"<p><span>Samples of stream sediments and aquatic mosses were collected from nine sites across several mineralized zones at the southeasternmost extension of the Idaho Cobalt Belt. Because the steepness of the terrain and the attendant high flow rate of the streams made it difficult to obtain adequate sediment samples, mosses were considered as an alternative sampling medium. The results not only showed that the Cu and Co content of the mosses correlated almost perfectly with that of the sediments, but that the contrast between samples taken from mineralized and background areas was greater in mosses, especially for Co. Maximum concentrations of 35,000 μg/g Cu and 2000 μg/g Co were observed in the ash of mosses, compared to maximum concentrations of 1700 μg/g and 320 μg/g, respectively, in the associated sediments. Species identification was considered unimportant, which should dispel some reluctance to use mosses in mineral exploration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(84)90091-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Erdman, J.A., and Modreski, P., 1984, Copper and cobalt in aquatic mosses and stream sediments from the Idaho Cobalt Belt: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 20, no. 1, p. 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(84)90091-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf6e4b0c8380cd4e05c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdman, J. A.","contributorId":59786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013306,"text":"70013306 - 1984 - Hydrogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline meromictic desert lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:14:27.761589","indexId":"70013306","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline meromictic desert lake","docAbstract":"<p>Big Soda Lake, located near Fallon, Nevada, occupies an explosion crater rimmed by basaltic debris; volcanic activity apparently ceased within the last 10,000 years. This lake has been selected for a detailed multidisciplinary study that will ultimately cover the organic and inorganic hydrogeochemistry of water and sediments because the time at which chemical stratification was initiated is known (~1920) and chemical analyses are available for a period of more than 100 years.</p><p>Detailed chemical analyses of the waters show that the lake is at present alkaline (<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>pH = 9.7</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">pH = 9.7</span></span></span>), chemically stratified (meromictic) and is extremely anoxic (total reduced sulfur—410 mg/L as H<sub>2</sub>S) below a depth of about 35 m. The average concentrations (in mg/L) of Na, K, Mg, Ca, NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, alkalinity (as HCO<sub>3</sub>), Cl, SO<sub>4</sub>, and dissolved organics (as C) in waters of the upper layer (depth 0 to 32 m) are 8,100, 320, 150, 5.0,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;lt; 0.1</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">&lt; 0.1</span></span></span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;lt; 0.5</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">&lt; 0.5</span></span></span>, 4,100, 7,100, 5,800, and 20 respectively; in the deeper layer (depth 37 to 64 m) they are 27,000, 1,200, 5.6, 0.8, 45, 410, 24,000, 27,500, 6,800, and 60, respectively.</p><p>Chemical and stable isotope analyses of the waters,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>13</mn></msup><mtext>C</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ13C</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x394;</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>14</mn></msup><mtext>C</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Δ14C</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>values of dissolved total carbonate from this lake and surface and ground waters in the area together with mineral-water equilibrium computations indicate that the waters in the lake are primarily meteoric in origin with the present chemical composition resulting from the following geochemical processes:</p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">1.</span><p>(1) evaporation and exchange with atmosphere, the dominant processes,</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">2.</span><p>(2) mineral-water interactions, including dissolution, precipitation and ion exchange,</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">3.</span><p>(3) inflow and outflow of ground water and</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">4.</span><p>(4) biological activity of macro- and microorganisms, including sulfate reduction in the water column of the deeper layer at a very high rate of 6.6 μmol L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup>.</p></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90104-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Robinson, S., Law, L.M., and Carothers, W., 1984, Hydrogeochemistry of Big Soda Lake, Nevada: An alkaline meromictic desert lake: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 4, p. 823-835, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90104-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"835","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3365e4b0c8380cd5ef82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, S.W.","contributorId":30985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Law, LeRoy M.","contributorId":104603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carothers, W.W.","contributorId":43803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carothers","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013292,"text":"70013292 - 1984 - THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013292","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA.","docAbstract":"Thermal-inertia data, derived from the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) satellite, were analyzed in areas of varying amounts of vegetation cover. Thermal differences which appear to correlate with lithologic differences have been observed previously in areas of substantial vegetation cover. However, the energy exchange occurring within the canopy is much more complex than that used to develop the methods employed to produce thermal-inertia images. Because adequate models are lacking at present, the interpretation is largely dependent on comparison, correlation, and inference. Two study areas were selected in the western United States: the Richfield, Utah and the Silver City, Arizona-New Mexico, 1 degree multiplied by 2 degree quadrangles. Many thermal-inertia highs were found to be associated with geologic-unit boundaries, faults, and ridges. Lows occur in valleys with residual soil cover.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., and Hummer-Miller, S., 1984, THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology., Colorado Springs, CO, USA, p. 197-216.","startPage":"197","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba389e4b08c986b31fd44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Ken","contributorId":90317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hummer-Miller, Susanne","contributorId":38572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hummer-Miller","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013288,"text":"70013288 - 1984 - The heat capacities of osumilite from 298.15 to 1000 K, the thermodynamic properties of two natural chlorites to 500 K, and the thermodynamic properties of petalite to 1800 K.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013288","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The heat capacities of osumilite from 298.15 to 1000 K, the thermodynamic properties of two natural chlorites to 500 K, and the thermodynamic properties of petalite to 1800 K.","docAbstract":"Modifications to an automated low-T, adiabatic calorimeter are described. Thermodynamic data obtained with this instrument are reported for minerals from metamorphic terrains. (U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 8451)-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., Robie, R.A., Kittrick, J., Grew, E., Nelen, J., and London, D., 1984, The heat capacities of osumilite from 298.15 to 1000 K, the thermodynamic properties of two natural chlorites to 500 K, and the thermodynamic properties of petalite to 1800 K.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 7-8, p. 701-710.","startPage":"701","endPage":"710","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb2e4b08c986b32368c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kittrick, J.A.","contributorId":20893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittrick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grew, E.S.","contributorId":31401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grew","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelen, J.A.","contributorId":96821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"London, D.","contributorId":61158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"London","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70013287,"text":"70013287 - 1984 - Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:30:19.695883","indexId":"70013287","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The massive ore contains two major generations of pyrite, a fine and a coarse grained, both of which show a striking variety of textures involving quartz. Framboidal pyrite in the argillite host rock has delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of approximately -24 per mil indicating the presence of a euxinic environment. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of fine-grained pyrite in the massive ore range from degrees 6.4 to + or -2.0 per mil; those of coarse-grained pyrite range from -3.5 to + or -5.5 per mil. A significant portion of the isotopically light sulfur for the early, fine-grained hydrothermal pyrite in the massive lens was probably derived from framboidal biogenic pyrite in interflow sediments of the underlying greenstone pillow lavas. Microcrystalline quartz in massive ore, hanging-wall jasper, footwall hydrothermal chert and coarse quartz from hanging-wall and footwall stringer zones have delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O values between 15.6 and 19.6 per mil; one sample of vein hematite has a value of 4.4 per mil. The combined sulfur and oxygen isotope and textural data indicate that much of the material in the massive lens originally precipitated as fine-grained pyrite or as a precursor iron sulfide along with some silica from a hydrothermal plume similar to those recently observed at the East Pacific Rise spreading center at lat 21 degrees N. The primary material underwent recrystallization, mineralization, and late-stage quartz deposition in the presence of later fluids which had distinctly different sulfur isotope compositions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.124","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., Roberts, R.J., Snyder, W., Lahusen, G., and Motica, J., 1984, Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 79, no. 1, p. 124-140, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.124.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5ffe4b08c986b320dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, R. J.","contributorId":58250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, W.S.","contributorId":107428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahusen, G.L.","contributorId":61157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Motica, J.E.","contributorId":96005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motica","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013286,"text":"70013286 - 1984 - Intrinsic oxygen fugacity measurements on seven chondrites, a pallasite, and a tektite and the redox state of meteorite parent bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:10:15.59989","indexId":"70013286","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intrinsic oxygen fugacity measurements on seven chondrites, a pallasite, and a tektite and the redox state of meteorite parent bodies","docAbstract":"<p>Intrinsic oxygen-fugacity (<i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub>) measurements were made on five ordinary chondrites, a carbonaceous chondrite, an enstatite chondrite, a pallasite, and a tektite. Results are of the form of linear log<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>f</mtext><mtext>O</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mtext>&amp;#x2212;</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>T</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">fO<sub>2</sub>−1T</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>plots. Except for the enstatite chondrite, measured results agree well with calculated estimates by others.</p><p>The tektite produced<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values well below the range measured for terrestrial and lunar rocks. The lowpressure atmospheric regime that is reported to follow large terrestrial explosions, coupled with a very high temperature, could produce glass with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the range measured.</p><p>The meteorite Salta (pallasite) has low<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and lies close to Hvittis (E6). Unlike the other samples, results for Salta do not parallel the iron-wüstite buffer, but are close to the fayalite-quartz-iron buffer in slope.</p><p>Minor reduction by graphite appears to have taken place during metamorphism of ordinary chondrites.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of unequilibrated chondrites show large scatter during early heating suggesting that the constituent phases were exposed to a range of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>conditions. The samples equilibrated with respect to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in relatively short time on heating. Equilibration with respect to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in ordinary chondrites takes place between grades 3 and 4 of metamorphism. Application of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>−<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>−<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>relations in the system C-CO-CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>indicates that the ordinary chondrites were metamorphosed at pressures of 3–20 bars, as it appears that they lay on the graphite surface.</p><p>A steep positive thermal gradient in a meteorite parent body lying at the graphite surface will produce thin reduced exterior, an oxidized near-surface layer, and an interior that is increasingly reduced with depth; a shallow thermal gradient will produce the reverse. A body heated by accretion on the outside will have a reduced exterior and oxidized interior. Meteorites from the same parent body clearly are not required to have similar redox states.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90353-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Brett, R., and Sato, M., 1984, Intrinsic oxygen fugacity measurements on seven chondrites, a pallasite, and a tektite and the redox state of meteorite parent bodies: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 1, p. 111-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90353-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dd0e4b0c8380cd63884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brett, R.","contributorId":106632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brett","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sato, M.","contributorId":50201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013282,"text":"70013282 - 1984 - Bedding types in Holocene tidal channel sequences, Knik Arm, Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:27:45.975971","indexId":"70013282","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedding types in Holocene tidal channel sequences, Knik Arm, Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458891\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Uplifted convoluted and horizontal to subhorizontal beds of varying thickness in intertidal silt as old as 3,280 + or - 90 yr B.P. are exposed in the banks of tidal channels of unknown depth in the intertidal zone in Knik Arm of Upper Cook Inlet. Internal discordances may occur both within convoluted beds and between convoluted and horizontal to subhorizontal beds. At the base of many convoluted beds, there is a rapid gradation upward into laminae which are severely deformed; that is, in some places, the contortions appear to have originated along a single bedding plane. Where the convoluted sequences are truncated by nearly horizontal sequences, the distortion must have resulted from syndepositional or postdepositional events prior to their burial by the overlying beds. Various forms of gravitational and tidal processes caused the deformation of the Knik Arm deposits; events triggering the movement of the sediment include any or all of the following: (1) seismic activity, (2) sediment or ice loading, (3) wave-induced liquefaction, (4) pore-pressure changes brought on by changing levels of tidewater, (5) undercutting of sediments by channel migration, and (6) freezing and thawing.</p></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F85AD-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Bartsch-Winkler, S., and Schmoll, H., 1984, Bedding types in Holocene tidal channel sequences, Knik Arm, Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 1239-1250, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F85AD-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1239","endPage":"1250","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03fe4b0c8380cd4a68f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, S.","contributorId":31388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoll, H. R.","contributorId":71543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013278,"text":"70013278 - 1984 - Calculations of seabird population recovery from potential oilspills in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T16:50:52.832258","indexId":"70013278","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculations of seabird population recovery from potential oilspills in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Calculations were made of herring gull and common tern population recovery from potential oilspill damage in the U.S. mid-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil leasing area. Population recovery was examined using a density-dependent age-specific life history table for each species. Both a deterministic and a stochastic approach were used in the calculations. In the deterministic approach, it was assumed that an oilspill contact to a seabird colony had occurred. Using the density-dependent model, population recovery was calculated for several different mortality scenarios. Assuming that all age classes suffer 95% mortality from an oilspill contact, a worst case scenario, it was estimated that the herring gull and common tern populations could recover to their pre-spill levels in approximately 45 years and more than 100 years, respectively. In the stochastic approach, the probabilities of oilspill contacts to these seabird colonies were calculated using an oilspill trajectory analysis model. Oilspill contacts to these colonies were simulated during the expected 30 year active life of the lease area. For each lease lifetime, the number of oilspill contacts to a seabird colony was sampled from a Poisson distribution and assigned randomly on a seasonal basis. This analysis indicated that the oilspill risks from the development of proposed lease tracts in the mid-Atlantic region pose minimal risk (3–5%) of severe population reduction for both herring gulls and common terns. If the oilspill risks from tanker transportation of crude oil imports are included along with the proposed lease tracts, then the risks of severe population reduction are increased to approximately 10% for herring gulls and 18% for common terns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(84)90025-5","usgsCitation":"Samuels, W., and Ladino, A., 1984, Calculations of seabird population recovery from potential oilspills in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States: Ecological Modelling, v. 21, no. 1, p. 63-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(84)90025-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.78218772294734,\n              41.41847066117498\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9461477045258,\n              34.39258601480289\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60300062228816,\n              34.993219485756725\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.60300062228816,\n              41.41847066117498\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.78218772294734,\n              41.41847066117498\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f307e4b0c8380cd4b56f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuels, William B.","contributorId":13238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuels","given":"William B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladino, A.","contributorId":6186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladino","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013274,"text":"70013274 - 1984 - Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T01:16:04.658224","indexId":"70013274","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15239026\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Six hydrothermal vent sites and associated benthic communities were located in the axial valley of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge using transponder-navigated bottom photography. The hydrothermal deposits form ledges and shallow mounds within a central zone characterized by a linear bathymetric depression and numerous collapse features. The flat valley floor adjacent to the central zone consists of ferrobasalt lobate flows and sheet flows; sediment cover is minimal. Vent sites are characterized by concentrations of tube worms, clams, benthic siphonophores, and several unidentified fauna.</p><p>Two types of massive sulfide were dredged from one of the vent sites. Type A samples are angular slabs of dark gray Zn-rich sulfide with interlayers and a thin, partly oxidized crust of Fe sulfide. These layered sulfide aggregates appear to be fragments of a sulfide wall enclosing an active hydrothermal vent. The outer sulfide wall is composed mainly of colloform Fe sulfide and Fe-poor sphalerite deposited under lower-temperature conditions whereby sea water and hydrothermal fluid mix above the discharge point. With continued sulfide deposition, the wall inhibits mixing of sea water and hydrothermal fluid. Inside the wall, the intensifying hydrothermal system deposits a higher-temperature assemblage of granular Fe-rich sphalerite, wurtzite, pyrite, and minor Cu-Fe sulfide. The zonation in wurtzite from Fe-rich cores to Fe-poor rims may result from a late-stage cooling of the hydrothermal fluid and(or) a change in fluid chemistry. The sulfide wall grows outward where a rupture in it permits the escape of high-temperature fluid and then deposition of a secondary shell over the breakthrough point. As temperature increases, earlier-formed minerals dissolve, and Zn, Fe, and Pb migrate toward the outer sulfide wall. Tube worms flourished in the outer wall of type A samples, and abandoned tube structures served as conduits for the late-stage hydrothermal fluids.</p><p>Type B sulfide samples are subrounded, spongy-textured fragments composed almost entirely of dendritic aggregates of pale, Fe-poor colloform sphalerite and opaline silica. This type of sulfide is deposited in open space by moderate- to low-temperature fluid discharging at a slow but variable rate; the fluid becomes increasingly oxidizing, resulting in late-stage deposition of hematite, barite, and sulfur. Type B samples show little evidence of burrowing animals; this type of sulfide may be deposited in settings peripheral to sites of focused discharge.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<930:MACOMS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Koski, R., Clague, D., and Oudin, E., 1984, Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, no. 8, p. 930-945, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<930:MACOMS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"930","endPage":"945","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5aafe4b0c8380cd6f05d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oudin, E.","contributorId":39651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oudin","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013273,"text":"70013273 - 1984 - Use of dissolved oxygen modeling results in the management of river quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:26:07","indexId":"70013273","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2573,"text":"Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of dissolved oxygen modeling results in the management of river quality","docAbstract":"In 1973, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a study of the Willamette River, Oregon, to determine the major causes of dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion, and whether advanced treatment of municipal wastewaters was needed to achieve the DO standards. The study showed that rates of carbonaceous decay were low (kr = 0.03-0.06/day) and that point-source loadings of carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) accounted for less than one-third of the satisfied oxygen demand. Nitrification of industrially discharged ammonia was the dominant cause of DO depletion. The study led to the calibration and verification of a steady-state DO model which was used to examine selected scenarios of BOD loading, ammonia loading, and flow augmentation. In 1976, the modeling projections for the Willamette River were presented to resource managers. A review in 1981 indicated that the State of Oregon had instituted an effluent standard on the major discharger of ammonia, rescinded an order for all municipal wastewaters to receive advanced secondary treatment by 1980, and more fully acknowledged the need for flow augmentation during summer to attain the DO standards.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"JSTOR","issn":"00431303","usgsCitation":"Rickert, D.A., 1984, Use of dissolved oxygen modeling results in the management of river quality: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v. 56, no. 1, p. 94-101.","startPage":"94","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269368,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25042162"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbee8e4b08c986b32985e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickert, D. A.","contributorId":53773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013272,"text":"70013272 - 1984 - Applicability of La-Ce systematics to planetary samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T16:34:46.44218","indexId":"70013272","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applicability of La-Ce systematics to planetary samples","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ce isotopic compositions in several terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials were determined in order to investigate the applicability of using Ce as an isotopic tracer to geological processes. Owing to the low abundances of&nbsp;</span><sup>138</sup><span>La and&nbsp;</span><sup>138</sup><span>Ce in nature, our measurements of&nbsp;</span><sup>138</sup><span>Ce/&nbsp;</span><sup>140</sup><span>Ce ratios of natural samples have relatively large (&gt;0.02%) errors, and the variations in Ce-isotope ratios were barely resolved. A tenuous anticorrelation was observed between ε</span><sub>Ce</sub><span>&nbsp;and ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;for terrestrial basalts and granites, indicating that with some improvement in analytical techniques the Ce isotopic composition may prove useful as a tracer for geological processes. A very low ε</span><sub>Ce</sub><span>&nbsp;predicted from the Ce anomaly in the REE pattern of the Khohar L3 chondrite (Nakamura and Masuda, 1973) was not observed in this study, indicating that the Ce anomaly may be caused by terrestrial contamination or alteration. A low ε</span><sub>Ce</sub><span>&nbsp;estimated for the source of Nakhla is consistent with our previous estimate (Nakamura et al., 1982) of a LREE depleted source.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iS02p0B438","usgsCitation":"Nakamura, N., Tatsumoto, M., and Ludwig, K.R., 1984, Applicability of La-Ce systematics to planetary samples: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. S02, p. B438-B444, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iS02p0B438.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"B438","endPage":"B444","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"S02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e630e4b0c8380cd4721a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakamura, Noboru","contributorId":28003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakamura","given":"Noboru","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, Mitsunobu","contributorId":10444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"Mitsunobu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludwig, Kenneth R.","contributorId":63417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013260,"text":"70013260 - 1984 - Ice and debris in the fretted terrain, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T11:19:01","indexId":"70013260","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice and debris in the fretted terrain, Mars","docAbstract":"Viking moderate- and high-resolution images along the northern highland margin were studied monoscopically and stereoscopically to contribute to an understanding of the development of fretted terrain. Results support the hypothesis that the fretting process involved flow facilitated by interstitial ice. The process apparently continued for a long period of time, and debris-apron formation shaped the fretted terrain in the past as well as the present. Interstitial ice in debris aprons is most likely derived from ground ice obtained by sapping or scarp collapse. Debris aprons could have been removed by sublimation if they consisted mostly of ice, or by deflation if they consisted mostly of debris. To remove the debris, wind erosion was either very intense early in martian history, or was intermittent, perhaps owing to climatic cycles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proc of the 14th Lunar and Planet Sci Conf","conferenceDate":"14 March 1984 through 15 March 1984","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iS02p0B409","issn":"00221406","isbn":"0875902332","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1984, Ice and debris in the fretted terrain, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, no. S02, p. 409-418, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iS02p0B409.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"S02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37c7e4b0c8380cd61159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013257,"text":"70013257 - 1984 - Resin rodlets in shale and coal (Lower Cretaceous), Baltimore Canyon Trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:23:58.518652","indexId":"70013257","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resin rodlets in shale and coal (Lower Cretaceous), Baltimore Canyon Trough","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>Rodlets, occurring in shale and coal (uppermost Berriasian to middle Aptian, Lower Cretaceous), were identified from drill cuttings taken from depths between 9330 ft (2844 m) and 11, 460 ft (3493 m) in the Texaco et al., Federal Block 598, No. 2 well, in the Baltimore Canyon Trough. Under the binocular microscope, most of the rodlets appear black, but a few are reddish brown, or brownish and translucent on thin edges. They range in diameter from about 0.4 to 1.7 mm and are commonly flattened. The rodlets break with a conchoidal fracture, and some show an apparent cellular cast on their longitudinal surfaces. When polished and viewed in reflected light, the rodlets appear dark gray and have an average random reflectance of less than 0.1% whereas mean maximum reflectances are 0.48–0.55% for vitrinite in the associated shale and coal. These vitrinite reflectances indicate either subbituminous A or high-volatile C bituminous coal. The rodlets fluoresce dull gray yellow to dull yellow. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope reveal the presence of swirl-like features in the rodlet interiors. Minerals associated with the rodlets occur as sand-size grains attached to the outer surface, as finely disseminated interior grains, and as fracture fillings. Electron microprobe and SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) anlayses indicate that the minerals are dominantly clays (probably illite and chlorite) and iron disulfide; calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, potassium aluminum silicate (feldspar), titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, and iron sulfate minerals have been also identified. The rodlets were analyzed directly for C, H, N, O, and total S and are interpreted as true resins on the basis of C and H contents that range from 75.6 to 80.3 and from 7.4 to 8.7 wt. % (dry, ash-free basis), respectively. Elemental and infrared data support a composition similar to that of resinite from bituminous coal. Elements determined to be organically associated in the rodlets include S (0.2–0.5 wt.%), Cl (0.03–0.1 wt.%), and Si (0.05–0.08 wt.%). The ash content of the resin rodlets ranges from 4 to 24 wt.% and averages 12 wt.%. Total sulfur contents range from 1.7 to 3.6 wt.%. Resins of fossil plants are known to have little or no sulfur and ash; therefore, these data and the presence of minerals in fractures indicate that most of the sulfur and mineral matter were introduced into the resin partly or wholly after the time of brittle fracture of the resin. The probable source of the resin rodlets is fossil pinaceous conifer cones, which are known to have resin canals as much as 2400 μm in diameter.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(84)90020-X","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Hatcher, P.G., Minkin, J., Thompson, C., Larson, R., Brown, Z.A., and Pheifer, R., 1984, Resin rodlets in shale and coal (Lower Cretaceous), Baltimore Canyon Trough: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 257-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(84)90020-X.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220578,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9bee4b0c8380cd85f4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, R.R.","contributorId":29803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pheifer, R.N.","contributorId":19843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pheifer","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70013256,"text":"70013256 - 1984 - Speculations on the petroleum geology of the accretionary body: an example from the central Aleutians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:33:19","indexId":"70013256","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speculations on the petroleum geology of the accretionary body: an example from the central Aleutians","docAbstract":"In the 300 km wide Adak-Amlia sector of the central Aleutian Trench ??? 36 000 km3 of offscraped trench fill makes up the wedge-shaped mass of the Aleutian accretionary body. Within this wedge, seismic reflection profiles reveal an abundance of potential hydrocarbon-trapping structures. These structures include antiforms, thrust and normal faults, and stratigraphic pinchouts. Maximum closure on these features is 2 km. In addition, the silt and possibly sand size sediment within the offscraped turbidite deposits, and the porous diatomaceous pelagic deposits interbedded with and at the base of the wedge, may define suitable reservoirs for the entrapment of hydrocarbons. Potential seals for these reservoirs include diagenetically-altered and -produced siliceous and carbonate sediment. The organic carbon input into the central Aleutian Trench, based on carbon analyses of DSDP Legs 18 and 19 core samples, suggests that the average organic carbon content within the accretionary body is approximately 0.3-0.6%. Heat flow across the Aleutian Terrace indicates that at present the oil generation window lies at a depth of 3-6.5 km. At depths of 8 km (which corresponds to the maximum depth the offscraped sediment has been seismically resolved beneath the lower trench slope), the probable high (170-180??C) temperatures prohibit all but gas generation. The dewatering of trench sediment and subducted oceanic crust should produce an abundance of fluids circulating within the accretionary body. These fluids and gases can conduct hydrocarbons to any of the abundant trapping geometries or be lost from the system through sea floor seepage. In the Aleutian accretionary body all the conditions necessary for the formation of oil and gas deposits exist. The size and ultimate preservation of these deposits, however, are dependent on the deformational history of the prism both during accretion and after the accretion process has been superceded by subsequent tectonic regimes. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(84)90083-7","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, J., Stevenson, A., Scholl, D., and Vallier, T., 1984, Speculations on the petroleum geology of the accretionary body: an example from the central Aleutians: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 151-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(84)90083-7.","startPage":"151","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268658,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(84)90083-7"},{"id":220577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95b8e4b08c986b31b0a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, J.","contributorId":50290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevenson, A.J.","contributorId":27864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vallier, T.L.","contributorId":69526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013255,"text":"70013255 - 1984 - Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R-Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:16:08.308122","indexId":"70013255","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R-Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes","docAbstract":"<p>The chemical composition of ferromanganese nodules from the three nodule-bearing MANOP sites in the Pacific can be accounted for in a qualitative way by variable contributions of distinct accretionary processes. These accretionary modes are:</p><ul class=\"list\"><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">1.</span><p>(1) hydrogenous,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>i.e</i>., direct precipitation or accumulation of colloidal metal oxides in seawater,</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">2.</span><p>(2) oxic diagenesis which refers to a variety of ferromanganese accretion processes occurring in oxic sediments; and</p></li><li class=\"react-xocs-list-item\"><span class=\"list-label\">3.</span><p>(3) suboxic diagenesis which results from reduction of Mn<sup>+4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>by oxidation of organic matter in the sediments. Geochemical evidence suggests processes (1) and (2) occur at all three MANOP nodule-bearing sites, and process (3) occurs only at the hemipelagic site, H, which underlies the relatively productive waters of the eastern tropical Pacific.</p></li></ul><p>A normative model quantitatively accounts for the variability observed in nearly all elements. Zn and Na, however, are not well explained by the three end-member model, and we suggest that an additional accretionary process results in greater variability in the abundances of these elements. Variable contributions from the three accretionary processes result in distinct top-bottom compositional differences at the three sites. Nodule tops from H are enriched in Ni, Cu, and Zn, instead of the more typical enrichments of these elements in nodule bottoms. In addition, elemental correlations typical of most pelagic nodules are reversed at site H.</p><p>The three accretionary processes result in distinct mineralogies. Hydrogenous precipitation produces δMnO<sub>2</sub>. Oxic diagenesis, however, produces Cu-Ni-rich todorokite, and suboxic diagenesis results in an unstable todorokite which transforms to a 7 Å phase (“birnessite”) upon dehydration. The presence of Cu and Ni as charge-balancing cations influence the stability of the todorokite structure. In the bottoms of H nodules, which accrete dominantly by suboxic diagenesis, Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and possibly Mn<sup>+2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>provide much of the charge balance for the todorokite structure.</p><p>Limited growth rate data for H nodules suggest suboxic accretion is the fastest of the three processes, with rates at least 200 mm/10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>yr. Oxic accretion is probably 10 times slower and hydrogenous 100 times slower. Since these rates predict more suboxic component in bulk nodules than is calculated by the normative analysis, we propose that suboxic accretion is a non-steady-state process. Variations in surface water productivity cause pulses of particulate flux to the sea floor which result in transient Mn reduction in the surface sediments and reprecipitation on nodule surfaces.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Dymond, J., Lyle, M., Finney, B., Piper, D., Murphy, K., Conard, R., and Pisias, N., 1984, Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R-Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 5, p. 931-949, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90186-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f87e4b0c8380cd53937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dymond, J.","contributorId":98461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dymond","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyle, M.","contributorId":40344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, B.","contributorId":72125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, K.","contributorId":89865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conard, R.","contributorId":63531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conard","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pisias, N.","contributorId":25290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70013248,"text":"70013248 - 1984 - Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—I. Studies with synthetic model compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-19T15:12:24.909799","indexId":"70013248","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—I. Studies with synthetic model compounds","docAbstract":"<p><span>A unified physico-chemical model, based on a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, for the analysis of ion complexation reactions involving charged polymeric systems is presented and verified. In this model pH = p</span><i>K</i><sub><i>a</i></sub><span>+p(</span><i>ΔK</i><sub><i>a</i></sub><span>) + log(</span><i>α</i><span>/1 −&nbsp;</span><i>α</i><span>) where&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>a</i></sub><span>&nbsp;is the intrinsic acid dissociation constant of the ionizable functional groups on the polymer,&nbsp;</span><i>ΔK</i><sub><i>a</i></sub><span>&nbsp;is the deviation of the intrinsic constant due to electrostatic interaction between the hydrogen ion and the polyanion, and alpha (α) is the polyacid degree of ionization. Using this approach p</span><i>K</i><sub><i>a</i></sub><span>&nbsp;values for repeating acidic units of polyacrylic (PAA) and polymethacrylic (PMA) acids were found to be 4.25 ± 0.03 and 4.8 ± 0.1, respectively. The polyion electrostatic deviation term derived from the potentiometric titration data (i.e. p(</span><i>ΔK</i><sub><i>a</i></sub><span>)) is used to calculate metal ion concentration at the complexation site on the surface of the polyanion. Intrinsic cobalt-polycarboxylate binding constants (7.5 for PAA and 5.6 for PMA), obtained using this procedure, are consistent with the range of published binding constants for cobalt-monomer carboxylate complexes. In two phase systems incorporation of a Donnan membrane potential term allows determination of the intrinsic p</span><i>K</i><sub><i>a</i></sub><span>&nbsp;of a cross-linked PMA gel, p</span><i>K</i><sub><i>a</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 4.83, in excellent agreement with the value obtained for the linear polyelectrolyte and the monomer. Similarly, the intrinsic stability constant for cobalt ion binding to a PMA-gel (</span><i>β</i><sub>CoPMA+</sub><span>&nbsp;= 11) was found to be in agreement with the linear polyelectrolyte analogue and the published data for cobalt-carboxylate monodentate complexes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(84)90116-5","usgsCitation":"Marinsky, J., and Reddy, M., 1984, Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—I. Studies with synthetic model compounds: Organic Geochemistry, v. 7, no. 3-4, p. 207-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(84)90116-5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"214","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f94e4b0c8380cd7f844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marinsky, J.A.","contributorId":42706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinsky","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014096,"text":"70014096 - 1984 - Origins and exploration significance of replacement and vein-type alunite deposits in the Marysvale volcanic field, west central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:32:07.448636","indexId":"70014096","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origins and exploration significance of replacement and vein-type alunite deposits in the Marysvale volcanic field, west central Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alunite deposits formed 23 m.y. ago in near-surface, highly oxidizing conditions at the tops of hydrothermal plumes that were spaced at 3- to 4-km intervals around a monzonite stock. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of 11.5 to 15.4 per mil for replacement alunite along with geologic constraints indicate that sulfate sulfur was derived from underlying Mesozoic evaporites. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of -15.3 to +5.1 per mil of underlying pyrite, however, indicate that reduced sulfur, necessary to produce low pH during oxidation, either was produced by partial reduction of the evaporite sulfate or came from another source. Vein-type alunite deposits formed 14 m.y. ago as open-space fillings in extension fractures above a concealed stock. Crystals of alunite grew inward from the walls, forming veins of nearly pure alunite as much as 20 m thick. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values near zero per mil indicate that the vein-type alunite sulfur probably had a magmatic source, and it appears that the sulfur may have been present as SO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;shortly after degassing from the magma. The probable magmatic origin for sulfur in the 14-m.y.-old vein-type alunite and its deposition from vapor-rich fluids, as well as the probable magmatic origin for sulfur in the surrounding base and precious metal deposits, suggest that the underlying stock may host porphyry-type deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.50","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Rye, R.O., Steven, T.A., and Mehnert, H.H., 1984, Origins and exploration significance of replacement and vein-type alunite deposits in the Marysvale volcanic field, west central Utah: Economic Geology, v. 79, no. 1, p. 50-71, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.50.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7114e4b0c8380cd7643f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, C. G.","contributorId":76741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steven, T. A.","contributorId":42575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"T.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mehnert, H. H.","contributorId":16382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014095,"text":"70014095 - 1984 - U-Pb zircon geochronology and geological evolution of the Halaban- Al Amar region of the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T16:09:39.701756","indexId":"70014095","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb zircon geochronology and geological evolution of the Halaban- Al Amar region of the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","docAbstract":"<p>U-Pb zircon model ages for eleven major units from the Halaban-Al Amar region of the eastern Arabian Shield indicate three stages of evolution: (1) plate convergence, (2) plate collision, and (3) post-orogenic intracratonic activity.</p><p>Convergence occurred between the western Afif and eastern Ar Rayn plates that were separated by oceanic crust. Remnants of oceanic crust now comprise the ophiolitic complexes of the Urd group. The oldest plutonic unit in the study is from one of these complexes and gave an age of 694 ± 8 Ma. Detrital zircons from the sedimentary Abt formation of the Urd group, which is intercalated with the ophiolitic rocks, were derived from source rocks with a mean age of 710 Ma. The Abt formation may be an accretionary wedge on the western margin of the Ar Rayn plate. Plate convergence was terminated by collision of the Afif and Ar Rayn plates during the Al Amar orogeny which began about 670 Ma. During collision, the Urd group rocks were deformed and in part obducted on to one or both plates. Synorogenic leucogranitoid rocks were intruded from 670 to 640 Ma. From about 640 to 630 Ma, widespread unfoliated dioritic plutons were emplaced in the Ar Rayn block, and represent the end of orogenesis related to collision. There is no definitive evidence for a significantly older basement beneath the study region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.141.6.1043","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Stacey, J.S., Stoeser, D.B., Greenwood, W., and Fischer, L.B., 1984, U-Pb zircon geochronology and geological evolution of the Halaban- Al Amar region of the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 141, no. 6, p. 1043-1055, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.141.6.1043.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1043","endPage":"1055","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9d4e4b08c986b327e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeser, D. B.","contributorId":18735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, W.R.","contributorId":34502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischer, L. B.","contributorId":107293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014093,"text":"70014093 - 1984 - Glaciotectonic origin of the Massachusetts coastal end moraines and a fluctuating late Wisconsinan ice margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T00:59:16.685386","indexId":"70014093","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glaciotectonic origin of the Massachusetts coastal end moraines and a fluctuating late Wisconsinan ice margin","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15238831\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Late Wisconsinan end moraines on Cape Cod and islands south and west of Cape Cod are believed to be glaciotectonic features formed by advancing ice fronts. Evidence of a glaciotectonic origin includes the stratified drift composition of the moraines, dislocated preglacial and glaciolacustrine deposits, tilted preglacial and glacial beds, folding and thrust faulting, and morphologic similarity to ancient and modern glaciotectonic moraines. Evidence for major ice readvances during over-all general recession includes the moraines themselves, till atop stratified drift, and the numerous basal tills that are inferred to exist beneath Cape Cod Bay.</p><p>The Thompson Glacier end moraine in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago is considered to be a modern example of how late Wisconsinan end moraines on Cape Cod and the islands were formed. The Thompson Glacier is overriding its outwash plain, displacing outwash deposits forward and upward beyond the ice front. New sheets are added to the base of the moraine, and till is deposited atop the moraine as the ice overrides it.</p><p>Evidence from Cape Cod and the nearby islands indicates that over-all recession of late Wisconsinan ice was characterized by alternating episodes of ice-front retreat, during which the outwash plains were formed, and of ice-front advance, during which the moraines were built. Retreat of the ice from Cape Cod and the islands may have been similar to the retreat of the Lake Michigan lobe, deposits of which contain evidence of at least 12 moraine-building episodes caused by readvancing ice during the over-all retreat of the late Wisconsinan ice sheet.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<61:GOOTMC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., and O’Hara, C.J., 1984, Glaciotectonic origin of the Massachusetts coastal end moraines and a fluctuating late Wisconsinan ice margin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, no. 1, p. 61-74, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<61:GOOTMC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225936,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2927e4b0c8380cd5a6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, R. N.","contributorId":92680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Hara, C. J.","contributorId":32938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Hara","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014085,"text":"70014085 - 1984 - Water gun vs air gun: A comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T12:34:10","indexId":"70014085","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water gun vs air gun: A comparison","docAbstract":"The water gun is a relatively new marine seismic sound source that produces an acoustic signal by an implosive rather than explosive mechanism. A comparison of the source characteristics of two different-sized water guns with those of conventional air guns shows the the water gun signature is cleaner and much shorter than that of a comparable-sized air gun: about 60-100 milliseconds (ms) for an 80-in3. (1.31-liter (I)) water gun compared with several hundred ms for an 80-in3. (1.31-1) air gun. The source spectra of water guns are richer in high frequencies (>200 Hz) than are those of air guns, but they also have less energy than those of air guns at low frequencies. A comparison between water gun and air gun reflection profiles in both shallow (Long Island Sound)-and deep (western Bermuda Rise)-water settings suggests that the water gun offers a good compromise between very high resolution, limited penetration systems (e.g. 3.5-kHz profilers and sparkers) and the large volume air guns and tuned air gun arrays generally used where significant penetration is required. ?? 1984 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00286531","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., and Detrick, R.S., 1984, Water gun vs air gun: A comparison: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 6, no. 3, p. 295-310, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286531.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205658,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286531"},{"id":225814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7e9e4b08c986b32c6af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detrick, R. S.","contributorId":29133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detrick","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":367534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014082,"text":"70014082 - 1984 - TECHNIQUE FOR ENHANCING DIGITAL COLOR IMAGES BY CONTRAST STRETCHING IN MUNSELL COLOR SPACE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014082","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TECHNIQUE FOR ENHANCING DIGITAL COLOR IMAGES BY CONTRAST STRETCHING IN MUNSELL COLOR SPACE.","docAbstract":"The Munsell color system can be used to further enhance the appearance of high-quality digital color-composite images. A color-balanced 'standard' color-composite image is first produced using any desired contrast stretching algorithm. The stretched digital data are then transformed into the cylindrical Munsell color space. An enhanced version of a color-composite image is produced by stretching the saturation parameter over the full digital range and inverting the modified Munsell coordinates to red-blue-green (tristimulus) data space. The resulting image has greater color-saturation contrast than the original image, without hue change. Contrast stretching in Munsell color space reduces the correlation between individual bands or ratios and is similar to decorrelation processing based on principal-components transforms. However, principal components are based on data variance, with less variance being explained by each higher order component.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","usgsCitation":"Kruse, F.A., and Raines, G.L., 1984, TECHNIQUE FOR ENHANCING DIGITAL COLOR IMAGES BY CONTRAST STRETCHING IN MUNSELL COLOR SPACE., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology., Colorado Springs, CO, USA, p. 755-760.","startPage":"755","endPage":"760","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba37be4b08c986b31fd05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, Fred A.","contributorId":26811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014078,"text":"70014078 - 1984 - Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014078","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.","docAbstract":"The heat capacities of rhodochrosite, (Mn0.994Fe0.005Mg0.001)CO3, and siderite, 171(Fe0.956Mn0.042Mg0.002)CO3, were measured between 5 and 550 K by combined cryogenic-adiabatic and differential scanning calorimetry. These new data were used to reanalyse the thermodynamic properties of these phases.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., Haselton, H., and Hemingway, B.S., 1984, Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 3-4, p. 349-357.","startPage":"349","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fe8e4b0c8380cd5d1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haselton, H.T. Jr.","contributorId":83520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haselton","given":"H.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014077,"text":"70014077 - 1984 - U-Pb isotope systematics and apparent ages of uranium ores, Ambrosia Lake and Smith Lake districts, Grants mineral belt, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:24:20.800518","indexId":"70014077","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb isotope systematics and apparent ages of uranium ores, Ambrosia Lake and Smith Lake districts, Grants mineral belt, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Orebodies occur in continental sandstones of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation and comprise two main types of mineralization; primary ore formed early in the history of the host rock and resulted in tabular, peneconcordant orebodies rich in organic material; redistributed ore apparently was formed by oxidative destruction and reconcentration of primary ore at some time after Laramide deformation and resulted in roll-type orebodies lacking organic material. U-Pb isotope ages of four redistributed ores from the Ambrosia Lake District give concordant to nearly concordant ages of 3.3 to 12.5 m.y., supporting the concept that most redistributed ore formed in the late Tertiary or later. U-Pb isotope ages of primary ores from the Ambrosia Lake District show pronounced normal discordance, evidently due to coupled, continuous loss of Pb and radioactive daughters of&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>&nbsp;U. Data for ores from the Smith Lake District consistently give pre-Tertiary apparent ages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.79.2.322","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, K., Simmons, K.R., and Webster, J., 1984, U-Pb isotope systematics and apparent ages of uranium ores, Ambrosia Lake and Smith Lake districts, Grants mineral belt, New Mexico: Economic Geology, v. 79, no. 2, p. 322-337, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.2.322.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9cee4b08c986b327e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webster, J.D.","contributorId":16582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}