Cultivating annual row crops in high topographic relief waterway buffers has negative environmental effects and can be environmentally unsustainable. Growing perennial grasses such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for biomass (e.g., cellulosic biofuel feedstocks) instead of annual row crops in these high relief waterway buffers can improve local environmental conditions (e.g., reduce soil erosion and improve water quality through lower use of fertilizers and pesticides) and ecosystem services (e.g., minimize drought and flood impacts on production; improve wildlife habitat, plant vigor, and nitrogen retention due to post-senescence harvest for cellulosic biofuels; and serve as carbon sinks). The main objectives of this study are to: (1) identify cropland areas with high topographic relief (high runoff potentials) and high switchgrass productivity potential in eastern Nebraska that may be suitable for growing switchgrass, and (2) estimate the total switchgrass production gain from the potential biofuel areas. Results indicate that about 140,000 hectares of waterway buffers in eastern Nebraska are suitable for switchgrass development and the total annual estimated switchgrass biomass production for these suitable areas is approximately 1.2 million metric tons. The resulting map delineates high topographic relief croplands and provides useful information to land managers and biofuel plant investors to make optimal land use decisions regarding biofuel crop development and ecosystem service optimization in eastern Nebraska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.019","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., and Wylie, B.K., 2016, Using satellite vegetation and compound topographic indices to map highly erodible cropland buffers for cellulosic biofuel crop developments in eastern Nebraska, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 60, p. 64-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.019.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065626","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.55810546875,\n 42.99661231842139\n ],\n [\n -99.51416015625,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -95.30639648437499,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -95.38330078125,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -95.38330078125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -95.42724609375,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -95.47119140625,\n 40.271143686084194\n ],\n [\n -95.570068359375,\n 40.32141999593439\n ],\n [\n -95.60302734375,\n 40.396764305572056\n ],\n [\n -95.64697265625,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -95.64697265625,\n 40.55554790286311\n ],\n [\n -95.723876953125,\n 40.60561205826018\n ],\n [\n -95.78979492187499,\n 40.73893324113603\n ],\n [\n -95.767822265625,\n 40.9052096972736\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 41.13729606112276\n ],\n [\n -95.855712890625,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -95.855712890625,\n 41.3108238809182\n ],\n [\n -95.91064453125,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -95.899658203125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -95.943603515625,\n 41.53325414281322\n ],\n [\n -96.04248046875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 41.77950486590359\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 41.918628865183045\n ],\n [\n -96.17431640625,\n 42.13896840458089\n ],\n [\n -96.27319335937499,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 42.334184385939416\n ],\n [\n -96.35009765625,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -96.383056640625,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -96.51489257812499,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -96.624755859375,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 42.65012181368025\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -96.800537109375,\n 42.76314586689494\n ],\n [\n -96.954345703125,\n 42.76314586689494\n ],\n [\n -97.108154296875,\n 42.819580715795915\n ],\n [\n -97.218017578125,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 42.90011265525328\n ],\n [\n -97.84423828125,\n 42.87596410238254\n ],\n [\n -97.921142578125,\n 42.819580715795915\n ],\n [\n -98.031005859375,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -98.184814453125,\n 42.88401467044253\n ],\n [\n -98.382568359375,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -98.470458984375,\n 43.01268088642034\n ],\n [\n -99.55810546875,\n 42.99661231842139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568e493ce4b0e7a44bc41ae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70150308,"text":"70150308 - 2016 - Corn stover harvest increases herbicide movement to subsurface drains: RZWQM simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T12:51:11","indexId":"70150308","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corn stover harvest increases herbicide movement to subsurface drains: RZWQM simulations","docAbstract":"Crop residue removal for bioenergy production can alter soil hydrologic properties and the movement of agrochemicals to subsurface drains. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), previously calibrated using measured flow and atrazine concentrations in drainage from a 0.4 ha chisel-tilled plot, was used to investigate effects of 50 and 100% corn (Zea mays L.) stover harvest and the accompanying reductions in soil crust hydraulic conductivity and total macroporosity on transport of atrazine, metolachlor, and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OXA).
\nThe model accurately simulated field-measured metolachlor transport in drainage. A 3-yr simulation indicated that 50% residue removal decreased subsurface drainage by 31% and increased atrazine and metolachlor transport in drainage 4 to 5-fold when surface crust conductivity and macroporosity were reduced by 25%. Based on its measured sorption coefficient, ~ 2-fold reductions in OXA losses were simulated with residue removal.
\nRZWQM indicated that if corn stover harvest reduces crust conductivity and soil macroporosity, losses of atrazine and metolachlor in subsurface drainage will increase due to reduced sorption related to more water moving through fewer macropores. Losses of the metolachlor degradation product OXA will decrease due to the more rapid movement of the parent compound into the soil.
\nThe ARkStorm Scenario predicts that a prolonged winter storm event across California would cause extreme precipitation, flooding, winds, physical damages, and economic impacts. This study uses a literature review and geographic information system-based analysis of national and state databases to infer how and where ARkStorm could cause environmental damages, release contamination from diverse natural and anthropogenic sources, affect ecosystem and human health, and cause economic impacts from environmental-remediation, liability, and health-care costs. Examples of plausible ARkStorm environmental and health concerns include complex mixtures of contaminants such as petroleum, mercury, asbestos, persistent organic pollutants, molds, and pathogens; adverse physical and contamination impacts on riverine and coastal marine ecosystems; and increased incidences of mold-related health concerns, some vector-borne diseases, and valley fever. Coastal cities, the San Francisco Bay area, the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, parts of the Central Valley, and some mountainous areas would likely be most affected. This type of screening analysis, coupled with follow-up local assessments, can help stakeholders in California and disaster-prone areas elsewhere better plan for, mitigate, and respond to future environmental disasters.
Major challenges exist in delineating bedrock fracture zones because these cause abrupt changes in geological and hydrogeological properties over small distances. Borehole observations cannot sufficiently capture heterogeneity in these systems. Geophysical techniques offer the potential to image properties and processes in between boreholes. We used three-dimensional cross borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in a 9 m (diameter) × 15 m well field to capture high-resolution flow and transport processes in a fractured mudstone contaminated by chlorinated solvents, primarily trichloroethylene. Conductive (sodium bromide) and resistive (deionized water) injections were monitored in seven boreholes. Electrode arrays with isolation packers and fluid sampling ports were designed to enable acquisition of ERT measurements during pulsed tracer injections. Fracture zone locations and hydraulic pathways inferred from hydraulic head drawdown data were compared with electrical conductivity distributions from ERT measurements. Static ERT imaging has limited resolution to decipher individual fractures; however, these images showed alternating conductive and resistive zones, consistent with alternating laminated and massive mudstone units at the site. Tracer evolution and migration was clearly revealed in time-lapse ERT images and supported by in situ borehole vertical apparent conductivity profiles collected during the pulsed tracer test. While water samples provided important local information at the extraction borehole, ERT delineated tracer migration over spatial scales capturing the primary hydrogeological heterogeneity controlling flow and transport. The fate of these tracer injections at this scale could not have been quantified using borehole logging and/or borehole sampling methods alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12356","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Slater, L., Johnson, T.B., Shapiro, A.M., Tiedeman, C.R., Ntlargiannis, D., Johnson, C.D., Day-Lewis, F.D., Lacombe, P., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Lane, J.W., 2016, Imaging pathways in fractured rock using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 2, p. 186-201, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12356.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"201","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065453","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC)","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.9,\n 40.2\n ],\n [\n -74.9,\n 40.3\n ],\n [\n -74.8,\n 40.3\n ],\n [\n -74.8,\n 40.2\n ],\n [\n -74.9,\n 40.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e045e4b039675d005e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Judith","contributorId":152111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Judith","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Lee","contributorId":55707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Timothy B.","contributorId":49753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ntlargiannis, Dimitrios","contributorId":152112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ntlargiannis","given":"Dimitrios","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18869,"text":"Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70170003,"text":"70170003 - 2016 - Movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in Poyang Lake, China: A disease connection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T15:52:33.356039","indexId":"70170003","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-13T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2046,"text":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in Poyang Lake, China: A disease connection","docAbstract":"Previous work suggests domestic poultry are important contributors to the emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza throughout Asia. In Poyang Lake, China, domestic duck production cycles are synchronized with arrival and departure of thousands of migratory wild birds in the area. During these periods, high densities of juvenile domestic ducks are in close proximity to migratory wild ducks, increasing the potential for the virus to be transmitted and subsequently disseminated via migration. In this paper, we use GPS dataloggers and dynamic Brownian bridge models to describe movements and habitat use of free-grazing domestic ducks in the Poyang Lake basin and identify specific areas that may have the highest risk of H5N1 transmission between domestic and wild birds. Specifically, we determine relative use by free-grazing domestic ducks of natural wetlands, which are the most heavily used areas by migratory wild ducks, and of rice paddies, which provide habitat for resident wild ducks and lower densities of migratory wild ducks. To our knowledge, this is the first movement study on domestic ducks, and our data show potential for free-grazing domestic ducks from farms located near natural wetlands to come in contact with wild waterfowl, thereby increasing the risk for disease transmission. This study provides an example of the importance of movement ecology studies in understanding dynamics such as disease transmission on a complicated landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Institute of International Affairs","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1080/13658816.2015.1065496","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Palm, E., Takekawa, J.Y., Zhao, D., Xiao, X., Li, P., Liu, Y., and Newman, S.H., 2016, Movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in Poyang Lake, China: A disease connection: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, v. 30, no. 5, p. 869-880, https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1065496.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"880","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066156","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5042146","text":"External 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":625851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhao, Delong","contributorId":74686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Delong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":67212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Peng","contributorId":72642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Peng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Ying","contributorId":11130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Ying","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148085,"text":"ds937 - 2016 - Marine geophysical data collected in a shallow back-barrier estuary, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T16:14:11","indexId":"ds937","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-26T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"937","title":"Marine geophysical data collected in a shallow back-barrier estuary, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","docAbstract":"In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, began a multidisciplinary research project to better understand the water quality in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. This back-barrier estuary is experiencing degraded water quality, algal blooms, loss of seagrass, and increases in oxygen stress, macroalgae, stinging nettles, and brown tide. The spatial scale of the estuary and the scope of challenges within it necessitate a multidisciplinary approach that includes establishing the regional geology and the estuary’s physical characteristics and modeling how the estuary’s morphology interacts to affect its water quality. This report presents the data collected during this project for use in understanding the morphology and the distribution of sea-floor and sub-sea-floor sediments within Barnegat Bay, describes the methods used to collect and process those data, and includes links to the final processed datasets. These data can be used by scientists to understand the links between geomorphology, geologic framework, sediment transport, and estuarine water quality and circulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds937","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Andrews, B.D., Miselis, J.L., Danforth, W.W., Irwin, B.J., Worley, C.R., Bergeron, E.M., and Blackwood, D.S., 2016, Marine geophysical data collected in a shallow back-barrier estuary, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey (ver. 1.1, September 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 937, 15 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds937.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 15 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062258","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302385,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"DS 937","linkHelpText":"Contains: photographs, shapefiles, and raster files. Refer to the Readme.txt file for more information."},{"id":302386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/images/coverthbn.jpg"},{"id":327358,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":302383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/index.html"},{"id":302384,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/pdf/ds937.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 937"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.49142456054688,\n 39.39375459224348\n ],\n [\n -74.410400390625,\n 39.364032338047984\n ],\n [\n -74.31015014648438,\n 39.47754556963625\n ],\n [\n -74.17007446289061,\n 39.65857056750545\n ],\n [\n -74.09591674804688,\n 39.7779358040303\n ],\n [\n -74.05471801757812,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -74.04510498046875,\n 40.07491896000657\n ],\n [\n -74.07394409179688,\n 40.06756263511062\n ],\n [\n -74.12338256835936,\n 40.065460682065535\n ],\n [\n -74.12750244140625,\n 40.0507451947963\n ],\n [\n -74.07669067382811,\n 40.042334918180536\n ],\n [\n -74.0863037109375,\n 40.02130468739707\n ],\n [\n -74.11651611328125,\n 40.03182061333687\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 40.03392360399664\n ],\n [\n -74.11788940429688,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -74.12887573242188,\n 40.00447583427404\n ],\n [\n -74.15084838867188,\n 40.00447583427404\n ],\n [\n -74.12887573242188,\n 39.98027708862265\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 39.9476478239225\n ],\n [\n -74.15084838867188,\n 39.950806175257355\n ],\n [\n -74.20852661132812,\n 39.95396438076642\n ],\n [\n -74.1851806640625,\n 39.93395994977672\n ],\n [\n -74.11102294921875,\n 39.925535281697286\n ],\n [\n -74.1302490234375,\n 39.90025505675715\n ],\n [\n -74.14672851562499,\n 39.871803651624425\n ],\n [\n -74.16732788085938,\n 39.82435840847207\n ],\n [\n -74.190673828125,\n 39.78321267821705\n ],\n [\n -74.20852661132812,\n 39.75576851405812\n ],\n [\n -74.17282104492188,\n 39.734650174341866\n ],\n [\n -74.17007446289061,\n 39.70824314819603\n ],\n [\n -74.2071533203125,\n 39.66808510414671\n ],\n [\n -74.234619140625,\n 39.64165260123416\n ],\n [\n -74.267578125,\n 39.61203619933693\n ],\n [\n -74.29229736328125,\n 39.6109782362526\n ],\n [\n -74.33761596679688,\n 39.57288079854952\n ],\n [\n -74.30740356445312,\n 39.54005788576377\n ],\n [\n -74.30328369140625,\n 39.51145753426751\n ],\n [\n -74.33486938476562,\n 39.51357648276841\n ],\n [\n -74.33074951171875,\n 39.536880650643056\n ],\n [\n -74.35821533203125,\n 39.547470868779406\n ],\n [\n -74.39804077148438,\n 39.54111693181784\n ],\n [\n -74.41452026367188,\n 39.562294459158174\n ],\n [\n -74.41864013671875,\n 39.54958871848275\n ],\n [\n -74.39666748046874,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -74.38568115234375,\n 39.47648555419741\n ],\n [\n -74.3939208984375,\n 39.4637641090409\n ],\n [\n -74.40765380859375,\n 39.42452501272267\n ],\n [\n -74.43099975585938,\n 39.459523110465156\n ],\n [\n -74.4268798828125,\n 39.47754556963625\n ],\n [\n -74.45297241210938,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -74.49142456054688,\n 39.39375459224348\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted June 26, 2015; Version 1.1: September 2016","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543–1598
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
Reservoirs can be dynamic systems, often prone to unpredictable and extreme water-level fluctuations, and can be environments where survival is difficult for zooplankton and larval fish. Although numerous studies have examined the effects of extreme reservoir drawdown on water quality, few have examined extreme drawdown on both abiotic and biotic characteristics. A fissure in the dam at Red Willow Reservoir in southwest Nebraska necessitated an extreme drawdown; the water level was lowered more than 6 m during a two-month period, reducing reservoir volume by 76%. During the subsequent low-water period (i.e., post-drawdown), spring sampling (April–June) showed dissolved oxygen concentration was lower, while turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration were greater, relative to pre-drawdown conditions. Additionally, there was an overall increase in zooplankton density, although there were differences among taxa, and changes in mean size among taxa, relative to pre-drawdown conditions. Zooplankton assemblage composition had an average dissimilarity of 19.3% from pre-drawdown to post-drawdown. The ratio of zero to non-zero catches was greater post-drawdown for larval common carp and for all larval fishes combined, whereas we observed no difference for larval gizzard shad. Larval fish assemblage composition had an average dissimilarity of 39.7% from pre-drawdown to post-drawdown. Given the likelihood that other dams will need repair or replacement in the near future, it is imperative for effective reservoir management that we anticipate the likely abiotic and biotic responses of reservoir ecosystems as these management actions will continue to alter environmental conditions in reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oikos Publishers","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2015.1055312","usgsCitation":"DeBoer, J.A., Webber, C.M., Dixon, T.A., and Pope, K.L., 2016, The influence of a severe reservoir drawdown on springtime zooplankton and larval fish assemblages in Red Willow Reservoir, Nebraska: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 131-146, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2015.1055312.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057401","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2015.1055312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Red Willow Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.73707580566406,\n 40.337123670420326\n ],\n [\n -100.73707580566406,\n 40.39676430557203\n ],\n [\n -100.6515884399414,\n 40.39676430557203\n ],\n [\n -100.6515884399414,\n 40.337123670420326\n ],\n [\n -100.73707580566406,\n 40.337123670420326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4565ae4b0946c652185e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBoer, Jason A.","contributorId":10272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBoer","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webber, Christa M.","contributorId":166914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webber","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18960,"text":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Taylor A.","contributorId":166915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"Taylor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18960,"text":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169113,"text":"70169113 - 2016 - Geologic history of the Black Hills caves, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:18:18","indexId":"70169113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of the Black Hills caves, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Cave development in the Madison aquifer of the Black Hills has taken place in several stages. Mississippian carbonates first underwent eogenetic (early diagenetic) reactions with interbedded sulfates to form breccias and solution voids. Later subaerial exposure allowed oxygenated meteoric water to replace sulfates with calcite and to form karst and small caves. All were later buried by ~2 km of Pennsylvanian–Cretaceous strata.
\nGroundwater flow and speleogenesis in the Madison aquifer were renewed by erosional exposure during Laramide uplift. Post-Laramide speleogenesis enlarged paleokarst voids. Most interpretations of this process in the Black Hills invoke rising thermal water, but they fail to account for the cave patterns. Few passages extend downdip below the present water table or updip to outcrops. None reaches the base of the Madison Limestone, and few reach the top. Major caves underlie a thin cover of basal Pennsylvanian–Permian Minnelusa Formation (interbedded quartzarenite and carbonates). Water infiltrating through the Minnelusa Formation dissolves carbonates in a nearly closed system, producing low pCO2, while recharge directly into Madison outcrops has a much higher pCO2. Both are at or near calcite saturation when they enter caves, but their mixture is undersaturated.
\nThe caves reveal four phases of calcite deposition: eogenetic ferroan calcite (Mississippian replacement of sulfates); white scalenohedra in paleovoids deposited during deep post-Mississippian burial; palisade crusts formed during blockage of springs by Oligocene–Miocene continental sediments; and laminated crusts from late Pleistocene water-table fluctuations. The caves reveal more than 300 m.y. of geologic history and a close relationship to regional geologic events.
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Global positioning system (GPS) field surveys of the beach and dunes were conducted just prior to and after landfall and these data were used to quantify change in several focus areas. In order to quantify morphologic change along the entire length of the island, pre-storm (May 2012) and post-storm (November 2012) lidar and aerial photography were used to assess changes to the shoreline and beach.
As part of the USGS Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Fire Island Study, the beach is monitored periodically to enable better understanding of post-Sandy recovery. The alongshore state of the beach is recorded using a differential global positioning system (DGPS) to collect data around the mean high water (MHW; 0.46 meter North American Vertical Datum of 1988) to derive a shoreline, and the cross-shore response and recovery are measured along a series of 10 profiles.
Overall, Hurricane Sandy substantially altered the morphology of Fire Island. However, the coastal system rapidly began to recover after the 2012–13 winter storm season and continues to recover in the form of volume gains and shoreline adjustment.
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Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Water temperature is a key component of aquatic ecosystems because it plays a pivotal role in determining the suitability of stream and river habitat to most freshwater fish species. Continuous temperature loggers and airborne thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing were used to assess temporal and spatial temperature patterns on the Upper Schoharie Creek and West Kill in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA. Specific objectives were to characterize (1) contemporary thermal conditions, (2) temporal and spatial variations in stressful water temperatures, and (3) the availability of thermal refuges. In-stream loggers collected data from October 2010 to October 2012 and showed summer water temperatures exceeded the 1-day and 7-day thermal tolerance limits for trout survival at five of the seven study sites during both summers. Results of the 7 August 2012 TIR indicated there was little thermal refuge at the time of the flight. About 690,170 m2 of water surface area were mapped on the Upper Schoharie, yet only 0.009% (59 m2) was more than 1.0 °C below the median water surface temperature (BMT) at the thalweg and no areas were more than 2.0 °C BMT. On the West Kill, 79,098 m2 were mapped and 0.085% (67 m2) and 0.018% (14 m2) were BMT by 1 and 2 °C, respectively. These results indicate that summer temperatures in the majority of the study area are stressful for trout and may adversely affect growth and survival. Validation studies are needed to confirm the expectation that resident trout are in poor condition or absent from the downstream portion of the study area during warm-water periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2015.1033769","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Baldigo, B.P., Smith, M.J., Mckeown, D.M., and Faulringer, J., 2016, Variations in water temperature and implications for trout populations in the Upper Schoharie Creek and West Kill, New York, USA: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 93-108, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2015.1033769.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052348","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Upper Schoharie Creek and West Kill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.90753173828125,\n 41.94110578381595\n ],\n [\n -74.90753173828125,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -73.96270751953125,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -73.96270751953125,\n 41.94110578381595\n ],\n [\n -74.90753173828125,\n 41.94110578381595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5536234ce4b0b22a15807ac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Martyn J. 0000-0002-1107-9653 marsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9653","contributorId":4474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Martyn","email":"marsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mckeown, Donald M","contributorId":140343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mckeown","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":13462,"text":"Distinguished Researcher, Rochester Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faulringer, Jason","contributorId":140344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulringer","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13463,"text":"Systems Integration Engineer, Rochester Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70145835,"text":"70145835 - 2016 - Habitat suitability criteria via parametric distributions: estimation, model selection and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T15:58:27","indexId":"70145835","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-09T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat suitability criteria via parametric distributions: estimation, model selection and uncertainty","docAbstract":"Previous methods for constructing univariate habitat suitability criteria (HSC) curves have ranged from professional judgement to kernel-smoothed density functions or combinations thereof. We present a new method of generating HSC curves that applies probability density functions as the mathematical representation of the curves. Compared with previous approaches, benefits of our method include (1) estimation of probability density function parameters directly from raw data, (2) quantitative methods for selecting among several candidate probability density functions, and (3) concise methods for expressing estimation uncertainty in the HSC curves. We demonstrate our method with a thorough example using data collected on the depth of water used by juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) in the Klamath River of northern California and southern Oregon. All R code needed to implement our example is provided in the appendix. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/rra.2900","usgsCitation":"Som, N.A., Goodman, D.H., Perry, R.W., and Hardy, T., 2016, Habitat suitability criteria via parametric distributions: estimation, model selection and uncertainty: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 5, p. 1128-1137, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2900.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1137","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062720","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 41.77336007442078\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 42.259016415705766\n ],\n [\n -121.72302246093749,\n 42.259016415705766\n ],\n [\n -121.72302246093749,\n 41.77336007442078\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 41.77336007442078\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527949ce4b026915857c83a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Som, Nicholas A.","contributorId":36039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Som","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodman, Damon H.","contributorId":140150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodman","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13396,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardy, Thomas B.","contributorId":62936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70145073,"text":"70145073 - 2016 - Hydrologic response of streams restored with check dams in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T10:41:30","indexId":"70145073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-03T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic response of streams restored with check dams in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"In this study, hydrological processes are evaluated to determine impacts of stream restoration in the West Turkey Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, southeast Arizona, during a summer-monsoon season (June–October of 2013). A paired-watershed approach was used to analyze the effectiveness of check dams to mitigate high flows and impact long-term maintenance of hydrologic function. One watershed had been extensively altered by the installation of numerous small check dams over the past 30 years, and the other was untreated (control). We modified and installed a new stream-gauging mechanism developed for remote areas, to compare the water balance and calculate rainfall–runoff ratios. Results show that even 30 years after installation, most of the check dams were still functional. The watershed treated with check dams has a lower runoff response to precipitation compared with the untreated, most notably in measurements of peak flow. Concerns that downstream flows would be reduced in the treated watershed, due to storage of water behind upstream check dams, were not realized; instead, flow volumes were actually higher overall in the treated stream, even though peak flows were dampened. We surmise that check dams are a useful management tool for reducing flow velocities associated with erosion and degradation and posit they can increase baseflow in aridlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2895","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., Brinkerhoff, F.C., Gwilliam, E., Guertin, D.P., Callegary, J.B., Goodrich, D.C., Nagler, P.L., and Gray, F., 2016, Hydrologic response of streams restored with check dams in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 4, p. 519-527, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2895.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"527","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054961","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Chiricahua Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.500732421875,\n 31.549282377352668\n ],\n [\n -109.500732421875,\n 32.14771106595571\n ],\n [\n -109.0997314453125,\n 32.14771106595571\n ],\n [\n -109.0997314453125,\n 31.549282377352668\n ],\n [\n -109.500732421875,\n 31.549282377352668\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fab98e4b027f0aee3bae8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2895","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2895","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Norman L. 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L., Gray F.","journalName":"River Research and Applications","publicationDate":"3/21/2015","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinkerhoff, Fletcher C. fbrinker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkerhoff","given":"Fletcher","email":"fbrinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gwilliam, Evan","contributorId":140052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwilliam","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goodrich, David C.","contributorId":65552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179039,"text":"70179039 - 2016 - Sediment budgets, transport, and depositional trends in a large tidal delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-20T13:28:41","indexId":"70179039","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sediment budgets, transport, and depositional trends in a large tidal delta","docAbstract":"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is the largest delta on the west coast of the United States. It is formed where the confluence of California’s two largest rivers (the Sacramento and San Joaquin) meet the ocean tides and has a significant physical gradient from fluvial to tidal. It is a semidiurnal system (two high and two low tides per day). Today, the Delta is one of the most manipulated in the United States. Once composed of many shallow, meandering and braided dendritic channels and dead-end sloughs and wetlands, it is now a network of leveed canals moving clear water around subsided islands. It historically has supported a biologically diverse tidal wetland complex, of which only 3% remains today (Whipple et al., 2012). It has also witnessed a collapse in the native fish populations. The Delta provides critical habitat for native species, however the hydrology and water quality are complicated by manipulations and diversions to satisfy multiple statewide objectives. Today water managers face co-equal goals of water supply to Californians and maintenance of ecosystem health and function. The Delta is a hub for both a multi-hundred-million dollar agricultural industry and a massive north-to-south water delivery system, supplying the primary source of freshwater to Central Valley farmers and drinking water for two-thirds of California’s population. Large pump facilities support the water demand and draw water from the Delta, further altering circulation patterns and redirecting the net flow toward the export facilities (Monsen et al., 2007). Fluvial sedimentation, along with organic accumulation, creates and sustains the Delta landscape. Hydraulic mining for gold in the watershed during the late 1800s delivered an especially large sediment pulse to the Delta. More recently, from 1955 to the present, a significant sediment decline has been observed that is thought to have been caused mostly by the construction of water storage reservoirs that trap the upstream sediment supply (Wright and Schoellhamer, 2004). Today, one concern is whether the volume of sediment supplied from the upper watershed is sufficient to support ecological function and sustain the Delta landscape and ecosystem in the face of climate change, sea level rise, and proposed restoration associated with the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (http://baydeltaconservationplan.com). Ecosystem health is a management focus and 150,000 acres of restoration is currently proposed, therefore it is of increasingly important to understand the quantity of sediment available for marsh and wetland restoration throughout the Bay Delta Estuary. It is also important to understand the pathways for sediment transport and the sediment budget into each of three Delta regions (figure 1) to guide restoration planning, modeling, and management.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference","conferenceTitle":"Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, 10th","conferenceDate":"April 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"ACWI Subcommittee on Sedimentation","usgsCitation":"Morgan, T., and Wright, S., 2016, Sediment budgets, transport, and depositional trends in a large tidal delta, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Reno, Nevada, April 2015, p. 893-904.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"904","ipdsId":"IP-062201","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332094,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/3rdJFIC/Contents/5C-Morgan-King.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.54998779296874,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -121.63238525390626,\n 38.49229419236133\n ],\n [\n -121.71478271484375,\n 38.14967752360809\n ],\n [\n -121.84112548828125,\n 38.112949789189614\n ],\n [\n -122.00317382812499,\n 38.18422791820727\n ],\n [\n -122.1514892578125,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -122.15698242187499,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -121.76696777343749,\n 37.96368875328558\n ],\n [\n -121.60491943359375,\n 37.80761398306056\n ],\n [\n -121.47857666015625,\n 37.72293542866175\n ],\n [\n -121.23962402343749,\n 37.783740105227224\n ],\n [\n -121.36322021484374,\n 38.17559185481662\n ],\n [\n -121.48956298828124,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -121.54998779296874,\n 38.59326051987162\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585a51bfe4b01224f329b5ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Tara 0000-0001-5632-5232 tamorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":177451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Tara","email":"tamorgan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173417,"text":"70173417 - 2016 - Synergistic and singular effects of river discharge and lunar illumination on dam passage of upstream migrant yellow-phase American eels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T17:35:16","indexId":"70173417","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-19T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1936,"text":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synergistic and singular effects of river discharge and lunar illumination on dam passage of upstream migrant yellow-phase American eels","docAbstract":"Monitoring of dam passage can be useful for management and conservation assessments of American eel, particularly if passage counts can be examined over multiple years. During a 7-year study (2007–2013) of upstream migration of American eels within the lower Shenandoah River (Potomac River drainage), we counted and measured American eels at the Millville Dam eel pass, where annual study periods were determined by the timing of the eel pass installation during spring or summer and removal during fall. Daily American eel counts were analysed with negative binomial regression models, with and without a year (YR) effect, and with the following time-varying environmental covariates: river discharge of the Shenandoah River at Millville (RDM) and of the Potomac River at Point of Rocks, lunar illumination (LI), water temperature, and cloud cover. A total of 17 161 yellow-phase American eels used the pass during the seven annual periods, and length measurements were obtained from 9213 individuals (mean = 294 mm TL, s.e. = 0.49, range 183–594 mm). Data on passage counts of American eels supported an additive-effects model (YR + LI + RDM) where parameter estimates were positive for river discharge (β = 7.3, s.e. = 0.01) and negative for LI (β = −1.9, s.e. = 0.34). Interestingly, RDM and LI acted synergistically and singularly as correlates of upstream migration of American eels, but the highest daily counts and multiple-day passage events were associated with increased RDM. Annual installation of the eel pass during late spring or summer prevented an early spring assessment, a period with higher RDM relative to those values obtained during sampling periods. Because increases in river discharge are climatically controlled events, upstream migration events of American eels within the Potomac River drainage are likely linked to the influence of climate variability on flow regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsv052","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., Aldinger, J.L., Braham, M., and Zimmerman, J.L., 2016, Synergistic and singular effects of river discharge and lunar illumination on dam passage of upstream migrant yellow-phase American eels: ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 73, no. 1, p. 33-42, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv052.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057957","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv052","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River drainage, Shenandoah River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.1787109375,\n 38.98076276501633\n ],\n [\n -78.1787109375,\n 39.51675478434244\n ],\n [\n -77.4261474609375,\n 39.51675478434244\n ],\n [\n -77.4261474609375,\n 38.98076276501633\n ],\n [\n -78.1787109375,\n 38.98076276501633\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913ebe4b07657d19ff288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldinger, Joni L.","contributorId":171886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldinger","given":"Joni","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braham, Melissa A.","contributorId":140127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braham","given":"Melissa A.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, Jennifer L.","contributorId":171351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":26870,"text":"West Virginia University, Mortgantown, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147173,"text":"70147173 - 2016 - Water-quality assessment of the Lower Grand River Basin, Missouri and Iowa, USA, in support of integrated conservation practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T10:45:26","indexId":"70147173","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-15T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality assessment of the Lower Grand River Basin, Missouri and Iowa, USA, in support of integrated conservation practices","docAbstract":"The effectiveness of agricultural conservation programmes to adequately reduce nutrient exports to receiving streams and to help limit downstream hypoxia issues remains a concern. Quantifying programme success can be difficult given that short-term basin changes may be masked by long-term water-quality shifts. We evaluated nutrient export at stream sites in the 44 months that followed a period of increased, integrated conservation implementation within the Lower Grand River Basin. These short-term responses were then compared with export that occurred in the main stem and adjacent rivers in northern Missouri over a 22-year period to better contextualize any recent changes. Results indicate that short-term (October 2010 through May 2014) total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the Grand River were 20% less than the long-term average, and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were 23% less. Nutrient reductions in the short term were primarily the result of the less-than-average precipitation and, consequently, streamflow that was 36% below normal. Therefore, nutrient concentrations measured in tributary streams were likely less than normal during the implementation period. Northern Missouri streamflow-normalized TN concentrations remained relatively flat or declined over the period 1991 through 2013 likely because available sources of nitrogen, determined as the sum of commercial fertilizers, available animal manures and atmospheric inputs, were typically less than crop requirement for much of that time frame. Conversely, flow-normalized stream TP concentrations increased over the past 22 years in northern Missouri streams, likely in response to many years of phosphorus inputs in excess of crop requirements. Stream nutrient changes were most pronounced during periods that coincided with the major tillage, planting and growth phases of row crops and increased streamflow. Nutrient reduction strategies targeted at the period February through June would likely have the greatest impact on reducing nutrient export from the basin. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2887","collaboration":"Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Wilkison, D.H., and Armstrong, D., 2016, Water-quality assessment of the Lower Grand River Basin, Missouri and Iowa, USA, in support of integrated conservation practices: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 4, p. 583-596, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2887.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"596","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059431","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2ee4b0a658d79392b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkison, Donald H. wilkison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"Donald","email":"wilkison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Daniel J. armstron@usgs.gov","contributorId":3823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Daniel J.","email":"armstron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70143041,"text":"70143041 - 2016 - Diel activity patterns of juvenile late fall-run Chinook salmon with implications for operation of a gated water diversion in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T14:52:11","indexId":"70143041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel activity patterns of juvenile late fall-run Chinook salmon with implications for operation of a gated water diversion in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta","docAbstract":"In the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, tidal forces that reverse river flows increase the proportion of water and juvenile late fall-run Chinook salmon diverted into a network of channels that were constructed to support agriculture and human consumption. This area is known as the interior delta, and it has been associated with poor fish survival. Under the rationale that the fish will be diverted in proportion to the amount of water that is diverted, the Delta Cross Channel (DCC) has been prescriptively closed during the winter out-migration to reduce fish entrainment and mortality into the interior delta. The fish are thought to migrate mostly at night, and so daytime operation of the DCC may allow for water diversion that minimizes fish entrainment and mortality. To assess this, the DCC gate was experimentally opened and closed while we released 2983 of the fish with acoustic transmitters upstream of the DCC to monitor their arrival and entrainment into the DCC. We used logistic regression to model night-time arrival and entrainment probabilities with covariates that included the proportion of each diel period with upstream flow, flow, rate of change in flow and water temperature. The proportion of time with upstream flow was the most important driver of night-time arrival probability, yet river flow had the largest effect on fish entrainment into the DCC. Modelling results suggest opening the DCC during daytime while keeping the DCC closed during night-time may allow for water diversion that minimizes fish entrainment into the interior delta.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/rra.2885","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J.M., Adams, N.S., Perry, R.W., Holbrook, C., Romine, J.G., Blake, A.R., and Burau, J.R., 2016, Diel activity patterns of juvenile late fall-run Chinook salmon with implications for operation of a gated water diversion in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 4, p. 711-720, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2885.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"720","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062660","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298586,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Creation of shallow-water habitats is used as a restoration technique in response to altered conditions in several studies globally, but only recently in the USA. In the summer of 2012, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sampled larval and juvenile fishes at six paired sites (mainstem and constructed chute shallow-water habitats) along a section of the Missouri River between Rulo, NE and St. Louis, MO, USA. From those samples, we enumerated and identified a total of 7622 fishes representing 12 families. Community responses of fishes to created shallow-water habitats were assessed by comparisons of species richness and diversity measures between paired sites and among sampling events. Shannon entropy measures were transformed, and gamma diversity (total diversity) was partitioned into two components, alpha (within community) and beta (between community) diversity using a multiplicative decomposition method. Mantel test results suggest site location, time of sampling event and habitat type were drivers of larval and juvenile community structure. Paired t-test results indicated little to no differences in beta diversity between habitat types; however, chute habitats had significantly higher alpha and gamma diversity as well as increased abundances of Asian carp larvae when compared with mainstem shallow-water habitat. Our results not only show the importance of created shallow-water habitat in promoting stream fish diversity but also highlight the role space and time may play in future restoration and management efforts.
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the Cichlidae of East African Great Lakes and new-world radiations by the circumpolar Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Herein, we describe variation in lake charr S. namaycush morphology, life history, physiology, and ecology, as another example of radiation. The lake charr is restricted to northern North America, where it originated from glacial refugia and diversified in large lakes. Shallow and deepwater morphs arose in multiple lakes, with a large-bodied shallow-water ‘lean’ morph in shallow inshore depths, a small-bodied mid-water ‘humper’ morph on offshore shoals or banks, and a large-bodied deep-water ‘siscowet’ morph at depths > 100 m. Eye position, gape size, and gillraker length and spacing adapted for feeding on different-sized prey, with piscivorous morphs (leans and siscowets) reaching larger asymptotic size than invertivorous morphs (humpers). Lean morphs are light in color, whereas deepwater morphs are drab and dark, although the pattern is reversed in dark tannic lakes. Morphs shift from benthic to pelagic feeding at a length of 400–490-mm. Phenotypic differences in locomotion, buoyancy, and lipid metabolism evolved into different mechanisms for buoyancy regulation, with lean morphs relying on hydrodynamic lift and siscowet morphs relying on hydrostatic lift. We suggest that the Salvelinus genus, rather than the species S. alpinus, is a diverse genus that should be the subject of comparative studies of processes causing divergence and adaptation among member species that may lead to a more complete evolutionary conceptual model.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/faf.12114","usgsCitation":"Muir, A., Hansen, M.J., Bronte, C.R., and Krueger, C., 2016, If Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus is “the most diverse vertebrate,” what is the lake charr Salvelinus namaycush?: Fish and Fisheries, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1194-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12114.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1194","endPage":"1207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061647","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12114","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":313130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313095,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/faf.12114"}],"country":"United States; 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In this paper, we mapped hot and cold spots for perceived and modeled ecosystem services by synthesizing results from a social-values mapping study of residents living near the Pike–San Isabel National Forest (PSI), located in the Southern Rocky Mountains, with corresponding biophysically modeled ecosystem services. Social-value maps for the PSI were developed using the Social Values for Ecosystem Services tool, providing statistically modeled continuous value surfaces for 12 value types, including aesthetic, biodiversity, and life-sustaining values. Biophysically modeled maps of carbon sequestration and storage, scenic viewsheds, sediment regulation, and water yield were generated using the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services tool. Hotspots for both perceived and modeled services were disproportionately located within the PSI’s wilderness areas. Additionally, we used regression analysis to evaluate spatial relationships between perceived biodiversity and cultural ecosystem services and corresponding biophysical model outputs. Our goal was to determine whether publicly valued locations for aesthetic, biodiversity, and life-sustaining values relate meaningfully to results from corresponding biophysical ecosystem service models. We found weak relationships between perceived and biophysically modeled services, indicating that public perception of ecosystem service provisioning regions is limited. We believe that biophysical and social approaches to ecosystem service mapping can serve as methodological complements that can advance ecosystem services-based resource management, benefitting resource managers by showing potential locations of synergy or conflict between areas supplying ecosystem services and those valued by the public.
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The navigation pools created by a series of lock and dams initially provided a complex of aquatic habitats that supported a variety of fish and wildlife. However, biological productivity declined as the pools aged. The River Resources Forum, an advisory body to the St. Paul District of the USACE, established a multiagency Water Level Management Task Force (WLMTF) to evaluate the potential of water level management to improve ecological function and restore the distribution and abundance of fish and wildlife habitat. The WLMTF identified several water level management options and concluded that summer growing season drawdowns at the pool scale offered the greatest potential to provide habitat benefits over a large area. Here we summarize the process followed to plan and implement pool-wide drawdowns on the UMR, including involvement of stakeholders in decision making, addressing requirements to modify reservoir operating plans, development and evaluation of drawdown alternatives, pool selection, establishment of a monitoring plan, interagency coordination, and a public information campaign. Three pool-wide drawdowns were implemented within the St. Paul District and deemed successful in providing ecological benefits without adversely affecting commercial navigation and recreational use of the pools. Insights are provided based on more than 17 years of experience in planning and implementing drawdowns on the UMR.
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However, seagrasses are projected to benefit from elevated atmospheric pCO2, are capable of increasing seawater pH and carbonate mineral saturation states through photosynthesis, and may help buffer against the chemical impacts of ocean acidification. Additionally, dissolution of carbonate sediments may also provide a mechanism for buffering seawater pH. Long-term water quality monitoring data from the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County indicates that seawater pH has risen since the 1980‘s as seagrass beds have continued to recover since that time. We examined the role of seagrass beds in maintaining and elevating pH and carbonate mineral saturation state in northern and southern Tampa Bay where the percent of carbonate sediments is low (<3%) and high (>40%), respectively. Basic water quality and carbonate system parameters (including pH, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, partial pressure of CO2, and carbonate mineral saturation state) were measured over diurnal time periods along transects (50-100 m) including dense and sparse Thalassia testudinum. seagrass beds, deep edge seagrass, and adjacent bare sand bottom. Seagrass density and productivity, sediment composition and hydrodynamic parameters were also measured, concurrently. Results indicate that seagrass beds locally elevate pH by up to 0.5 pH unit and double carbonate mineral saturation states relative to bare sand habitats. Thus, seagrass beds in Tampa Bay may provide refuge for marine organisms from the impacts of ocean acidification.
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thermoregulation and bioenergetics of riverine smallmouth bass associated with ambient cold-period thermal refuge","docAbstract":"Smallmouth bass in thermally heterogeneous streams may behaviourally thermoregulate during the cold period (i.e., groundwater temperature greater than river water temperature) by inhabiting warm areas in the stream that result from high groundwater influence or springs. Our objectives were to determine movement of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) that use thermal refuge and project differences in growth and consumption among smallmouth bass exhibiting different thermal-use patterns. We implanted radio transmitters in 29 smallmouth bass captured in Alley Spring on the Jacks Fork River, Missouri, USA, during the winter of 2012. Additionally, temperature archival tags were implanted in a subset of nine fish. Fish were tracked using radio telemetry monthly from January 2012 through January of 2013. The greatest upstream movement was 42.5 km, and the greatest downstream movement was 22.2 km. Most radio tagged fish (69%) departed Alley Spring when daily maximum river water temperature first exceeded that of the spring (14 °C) and during increased river discharge. Bioenergetic modelling predicted that a 350 g migrating smallmouth bass that used cold-period thermal refuge would grow 16% slower at the same consumption level as a fish that did not seek thermal refuge. Contrary to the bioenergetics models, extrapolation of growth scope results suggested migrating fish grow 29% more than fish using areas of stream with little groundwater influence. Our results contradict previous findings that smallmouth bass are relatively sedentary, provide information about potential cues for migratory behaviour, and give insight to managers regarding use and growth of smallmouth bass in thermally heterogeneous river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas","publisherLocation":"Copenhagen","doi":"10.1111/eff.12192","usgsCitation":"Westhoff, J.T., Paukert, C.P., Ettinger-Dietzel, S., Dodd, H., and Siepker, M., 2016, Behavioural thermoregulation and bioenergetics of riverine smallmouth bass associated with ambient cold-period thermal refuge: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 25, no. 1, p. 72-85, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12192.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"85","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057844","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Alley Spring, Jacks Fork River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.44968032836914,\n 37.14232451283733\n ],\n [\n -91.44968032836914,\n 37.157306770819574\n ],\n [\n -91.4271068572998,\n 37.157306770819574\n ],\n [\n -91.4271068572998,\n 37.14232451283733\n ],\n [\n -91.44968032836914,\n 37.14232451283733\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a4e132e4b0183d66e45380","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/eff.12192","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12192","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Westhoff Jacob T., Paukert Craig, Ettinger-Dietzel Sarah, Dodd Hope, Siepker Michael","journalName":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","publicationDate":"10/9/2014","auditedOn":"11/10/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westhoff, Jacob T.","contributorId":58106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westhoff","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ettinger-Dietzel, Sarah","contributorId":145582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ettinger-Dietzel","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dodd, H.R.","contributorId":10507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siepker, Michael","contributorId":145583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siepker","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175552,"text":"70175552 - 2016 - Differential response of carbon fluxes to climate in three peatland ecosystems that vary in the presence and stability of permafrost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T15:21:35","indexId":"70175552","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-14T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential response of carbon fluxes to climate in three peatland ecosystems that vary in the presence and stability of permafrost","docAbstract":"Changes in vegetation and soil properties following permafrost degradation and thermokarst development in peatlands may cause changes in net carbon storage. To better understand these dynamics, we established three sites in Alaska that vary in permafrost regime, including a black spruce peat plateau forest with stable permafrost, an internal collapse scar bog formed as a result of thermokarst, and a rich fen without permafrost. Measurements include year-round eddy covariance estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2), water, and energy fluxes, associated environmental variables, and methane (CH4) fluxes at the collapse scar bog. The ecosystems all acted as net sinks of CO2 in 2011 and 2012, when air temperature and precipitation remained near long-term means. In 2013, under a late snowmelt and late leaf out followed by a hot, dry summer, the permafrost forest and collapse scar bog were sources of CO2. In this same year, CO2 uptake in the fen increased, largely because summer inundation from groundwater inputs suppressed ecosystem respiration. CO2 exchange in the permafrost forest and collapse scar bog was sensitive to warm air temperatures, with 0.5 g C m−2 lost each day when maximum air temperature was very warm (≥29°C). The bog lost 4981 ± 300 mg CH4 m−2 between April and September 2013, indicating that this ecosystem acted as a significant source of both CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere in 2013. These results suggest that boreal peatland responses to warming and drying, both of which are expected to occur in a changing climate, will depend on permafrost regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002683","usgsCitation":"Euskirchen, E.S., Edgar, C., Turetsky, M., Waldrop, M.P., and Harden, J.W., 2016, Differential response of carbon fluxes to climate in three peatland ecosystems that vary in the presence and stability of permafrost: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 8, p. 1576-1595, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002683.","startPage":"1576","endPage":"1595","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056009","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"119","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43942e4b03bcb01039fa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euskirchen, Eugenie S. 0000-0002-0848-4295","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-4295","contributorId":173730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"Eugenie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edgar, C.W.","contributorId":173731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edgar","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark P. 0000-0003-1829-7140 mwaldrop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":1599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","email":"mwaldrop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159352,"text":"70159352 - 2016 - Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T13:13:32.849685","indexId":"70159352","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-28T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":857,"text":"Aquaculture Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities","docAbstract":"Effects of eugenol (AQUI-S®20E, 10% active eugenol) sedation on cool water, yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill), and warm water, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fish metabolic rates were assessed. Both species were exposed to 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L−1 eugenol using static respirometry. In 17°C water and loading densities of 60, 120 and 240 g L−1, yellow perch controls (0 mg L−1 eugenol) had metabolic rates of 329.6–400.0 mg O2 kg−1 h−1, while yellow perch exposed to 20 and 30 mg L−1 eugenol had significantly reduced metabolic rates of 258.4–325.6 and 189.1–271.0 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 respectively. Nile tilapia exposed to 30 mg L−1 eugenol had a significantly reduced metabolic rate (424.5 ± 42.3 mg O2 kg−1 h−1) relative to the 0 mg L−1 eugenol control (546.6 ± 53.5 mg O2 kg−1 h−1) at a loading density of 120 g L−1 in 22°C water. No significant differences in metabolic rates for Nile tilapia were found at 240 or 360 g L−1 loading densities when exposed to eugenol. Results suggest that eugenol sedation may benefit yellow perch welfare at high densities (e.g. live transport) due to a reduction in metabolic rates, while further research is needed to assess the benefits of eugenol sedation on Nile tilapia at high loading densities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/are.12485","usgsCitation":"Cupp, A.R., Fredricks, K., Hartleb, C.F., and Gaikowski, M., 2016, Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities: Aquaculture Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 234-242, https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12485.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055053","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12485","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a2de4b00162522207ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":5163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim T.","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartleb, Christopher F.","contributorId":149356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartleb","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}