{"pageNumber":"4671","pageRowStart":"116750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70121916,"text":"70121916 - 1988 - Use of the instream flow incremental methodology to evaluate influences of microhabitat variability on trout populations in four Colorado Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T11:21:43","indexId":"70121916","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-10T11:19:56","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Use of the instream flow incremental methodology to evaluate influences of microhabitat variability on trout populations in four Colorado Streams","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Western Proceedings: 68th Annual Conference of the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","conferenceTitle":"Western Proceedings: 68th Annual Conference of the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","conferenceDate":"1988-07-10T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Albuquerque, NM","language":"English","publisher":"Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., 1988, Use of the instream flow incremental methodology to evaluate influences of microhabitat variability on trout populations in four Colorado Streams, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc4de7e4b0413fd75d6b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220008,"text":"5220008 - 1988 - Selenium teratogenesis in natural populations of aquatic birds in central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T15:40:51.845918","indexId":"5220008","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T12:19:04","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium teratogenesis in natural populations of aquatic birds in central California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The frequency and types of malformations are described that were encountered during the spring of 1983 in a natural population of aquatic birds exposed to agricultural drainwater ponds and food items containing high concentrations of selenium in central California. A total of 347 nests of aquatic birds containing 1,681 eggs was selected for study at Kesterson Reservoir located in the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Merced County, California. Embryos collected during incubation or from eggs that failed to hatch were examined to determine the age at death and presence of malformations. Embryonic death was generally high; approximately 17–60% of the nests of different species contained at least one dead embryo. The incidence of malformed embryos was also high; approximately 22–65% of the nests where at least two embryos were examined contained abnormal embryos. American coots (</span><i>Fulica americana</i><span>) and black-necked stilts (</span><i>Himantopus mexicanus</i><span>) experienced the highest incidence of malformed embryos. For all species, the average percentage of eggs containing dead or live abnormal embryos was 16.1 whereas the average percentage containing live abnormal embryos was 10.7. Multiple gross malformations of the eyes, brain, and feet were often present. Brain defects included hydrocephaly and exencephaly. Eye defects included both unilateral and bilateral anophthalmia and microphthalmia. Eye and foot defects with ectrodactyly and swollen joints were the most common in coots. Beak defects also occurred frequently and most often included incomplete development of the lower beak of ducks (</span><i>Anas</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) and stilts. Wing and leg defects were most prevalent in stilts and ducks, with ectromelia and amelia most prevalent in stilts. Other malformations occurring at lower frequencies included enlarged hearts with thin ventricular walls, liver hypopiasia, and gastroschisis. Based upon simultaneous examination of a control population of aquatic birds of the same species and published studies, the incidences of embryonic mortality and deformities were 9–30 times greater than expected. The role of the form of selenium responsible for teratogenesis in laboratory studies is discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055518","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Ohlendorf, H.M., and Aldrich, T.W., 1988, Selenium teratogenesis in natural populations of aquatic birds in central California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 519-525, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055518.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.93760524096012,\n              37.30546257193069\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.93760524096012,\n              37.210990238035706\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.79654559972259,\n              37.210990238035706\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.79654559972259,\n              37.30546257193069\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.93760524096012,\n              37.30546257193069\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7c24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohlendorf, Harry M.","contributorId":60291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldrich, Thomas W.","contributorId":88311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70121903,"text":"70121903 - 1988 - Mortality patterns and population sinks for Yellowstone grizzly bears, 1973-1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-25T13:02:52","indexId":"70121903","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T10:23:40","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality patterns and population sinks for Yellowstone grizzly bears, 1973-1985","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Blanchard, B., and Eberhardt, L., 1988, Mortality patterns and population sinks for Yellowstone grizzly bears, 1973-1985: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 16, no. 2, p. 121-125.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319405,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782177"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc4dd8e4b0413fd75d6aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, B.M.","contributorId":40907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberhardt, L.L.","contributorId":72313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013657,"text":"70013657 - 1988 - An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentrated organometallic halides by ICP-AES","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:18:49.263619","indexId":"70013657","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":847,"text":"Applied Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentrated organometallic halides by ICP-AES","docAbstract":"<p><span>An atomic absorption extraction technique which is widely used in geochemical exploration for the determination of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn has been modified and adapted to a simultaneous inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission instrument. The experimental and operating parameters are described for the preconcentration of the metals into their organometallic halides and for the determination of these metals. Lower limits of determination are equal to or improved over those for flame atomic absorption (except Au), and ICP results are very similar to the accepted AA values, with precision for the ICP data in excess of that necessary for exploration purposes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1366/0003702884429913","usgsCitation":"Motooka, J.M., 1988, An exploration geochemical technique for the determination of preconcentrated organometallic halides by ICP-AES: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 42, no. 7, p. 1293-1296, https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702884429913.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1293","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e11e4b0c8380cd532b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013384,"text":"1013384 - 1988 - Summer production of coho salmon stocked in Mount St. Helens streams 3-6 years after the 1980 eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-07T16:13:40.267998","indexId":"1013384","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer production of coho salmon stocked in Mount St. Helens streams 3-6 years after the 1980 eruption","docAbstract":"<p><span>We monitored habitat use and summer production of stocked underyearling coho salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i><span>&nbsp;from 1983 to 1986 in three streams affected by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Two streams were in the blast area and one was on a volcanic mudflow terrace, Midsummer water temperatures frequently exceeded presumed stressful thresholds and occasionally surpassed the incipient lethal limit. Temperatures at the study sites (up to 29.5°C) may have been the highest ever recorded in small streams in western Washington. In addition, there was relatively little submerged cover and limited pool habitat. Despite the severe conditions created by the eruption, production rates of stocked coho salmon at all sites ranged from 15.1 to 143.8 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>·d (2.3–21.6 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;over an average 150‐d summer period) and were equal to or greater than those measured in other streams of comparable size in the region. Coho salmon production in the streams was more strongly influenced by population biomass and density than by average individual growth rate. Production was also influenced by timing and average weight at stocking; larger fish stocked later in the summer had higher survival than smaller fish stocked earlier. Apparent summer mortality (true mortality plus emigration) may have been influenced by the presence of other salmonids. Coho salmon density at the end of summer was consistently lowest in the mudflow stream, the only site to have a large population of steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>, formerly&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo gairdneri</i><span>). We suspected that an abundance of both terrestrial and aquatic food was partly responsible for the high summer production of stocked coho salmon in what was an otherwise hostile environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0322:SPOCSS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bisson, P., Nielsen, J., and Ward, J., 1988, Summer production of coho salmon stocked in Mount St. Helens streams 3-6 years after the 1980 eruption: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 117, no. 4, p. 322-335, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0322:SPOCSS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.3695048526613,\n              46.32827537459718\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3695048526613,\n              46.07975816647601\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00137080284843,\n              46.07975816647601\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00137080284843,\n              46.32827537459718\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3695048526613,\n              46.32827537459718\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisson, P.A.","contributorId":17944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, J.W.","contributorId":54930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001670,"text":"1001670 - 1988 - Duck nest success in the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-18T17:32:37.294648","indexId":"1001670","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duck nest success in the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated nest success of mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>), gadwall (<i>A. strepera</i>), blue-winged teal (<i>A. discors</i>), northern shoveler (<i>A.</i> <i>clypeata</i>), and northern pintail (<i>A. acuta</i>) for 5 regions in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota, for 1-3 periods between 1966 and 1984, and for 8 habitat classes. We obtained composite estimates of nest success for regions and periods by weighting each habitat proportional to the number of nest initiations. The distribution of nest initiations was derived from estimates of breeding populations, preferences of species for nesting habitats, and availability of habitats. Nest success rates ranged from &lt; 5 to 36% among regions, periods, and species. Rates were lowest in western Minnesota (MNW) and eastern North Dakota (NDE), intermediate in central North Dakota (NDC) and eastern South Dakota (SDE), and highest in central South Dakota (SDC). In regions with comparable data, no consistent trend in nest success was apparent from early to late periods. Gadwalls and blue-winged teal nested more successfully than mallards and pintails; the relative success of shovelers varied regionally. Ducks nesting in idle grassland were the most successful and those nesting in cropland were least successful. Mammalian predation was the major cause of nesting failure (54-85%) in all habitats, but farming operations resulted in 37 and 27% of the nesting failures in cropland and hayland, respectively. Most of the populations studied were not self-sustaining.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801586","usgsCitation":"Klett, A.T., Shaffer, T.L., and Johnson, D.H., 1988, Duck nest success in the prairie pothole region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 3, p. 431-440, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801586.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.2195242419423,\n              49.00824500795295\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.2195242419423,\n              42.802006996665256\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.81719243265182,\n              42.802006996665256\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.81719243265182,\n              49.00824500795295\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.2195242419423,\n              49.00824500795295\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, Albert T.","contributorId":290904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klett","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":316287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007429,"text":"1007429 - 1988 - Status of dugongs in waters around Palau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T15:17:27.052644","indexId":"1007429","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of dugongs in waters around Palau","docAbstract":"<p>The dugong, <i>Dugong dugon</i>, is widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region in shallow tropical and subtropical waters (Nishiwaki and Marsh 1985).The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists the species as vulnerable (Thornback and Jenkins 1982), as it is severely depleted or extinct in many parts of its former range (Nishiwaki and Marsh 1985). Many populations at isolated archipelagos have been exterminated through direct human exploitation. Husar (1975) cited evidence of the former existence of dugongs around the Mascarene, Laccadive, Maldive, Barren, Narcondom, Cocos (Keeling), Christmas, and Lesser Sunda islands. </p><p>An isolated dugong population still occurs around Palau (Republic of Belau), Western Caroline Islands, about 850 km from both Papua New Guinea to the south and the Philippines to the west. The first aerial surveys of this population, in 1977 and 1978, indicated that it was small and other evidence suggested it was subject to persistent poaching (Brownell et al. 1981). We resurveyed this population in 1983 to reassess its status and attempt to detect any changes in distribution or abundance. With the assistance of the Palau Department of Natural Resources, we also interviewed fishermen and knowledgeable residents about dugong abundance, distribution, mortality, and natural history. </p><p>Surveys were conducted from 19 through 26 August, using a Cessna 206high-wing airplane flown at an altitude of 150 to 300 m and an airspeed of about 170 km/h. An observer sat in each rear seat, and a third observer, who also navigated and recorded the data directly onto maps, sat in the right front seat. Small animals close to another dugong were considered calves. The survey route, based on that of Brownell et al. (19Sl), covered much of the approximately 1,380 sq km of dugong habitat within the archipelago. The islands are surrounded by very deep water, which restricts dugong habitat to lagoon areas within about 3 km of shore. Surveys were flown about 0.5 km offshore and the same distance inside the fringing reefs, with transects about 1 km apart across the larger lagoons. The coast was divided into the same 12 segments used by Brownell et al. (1981) (Fig. 1). However, the area outside the western fringing reef was not surveyed because no dugongs were sighted there in either1977 or 1978. We surveyed the entire archipelago twice and carried out replicated surveys of the lagoon areas and Malakal Harbor, which had been used by relatively large numbers of dugongs in 1977 and 1978 (Table 1). The total survey time was 15 h.265Help Volumes Main Menu</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00206.x","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, G.B., Brownell, R.L., Ralls, K., and Engbring, J., 1988, Status of dugongs in waters around Palau: Marine Mammal Science, v. 4, no. 3, p. 265-270, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00206.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Palau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              133.35332416276947,\n              9.076820896257118\n            ],\n            [\n              133.35332416276947,\n              5.97862182054736\n            ],\n            [\n              136.64143081495126,\n              5.97862182054736\n            ],\n            [\n              136.64143081495126,\n              9.076820896257118\n            ],\n            [\n              133.35332416276947,\n              9.076820896257118\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, Galen B.","contributorId":17571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Galen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownell, Robert L. Jr.","contributorId":62948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralls, Katherine","contributorId":37900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralls","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engbring, John","contributorId":6324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engbring","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70206766,"text":"70206766 - 1988 - Measuring curved lines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T11:37:52","indexId":"70206766","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-30T11:35:43","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2306,"text":"Journal of Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring curved lines","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Morais, D.I., 1988, Measuring curved lines: Journal of Geography, v. 87, no. 3, p. 87-87.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morais, David I.","contributorId":35780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morais","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013302,"text":"70013302 - 1988 - A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T16:25:20.210733","indexId":"70013302","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa","docAbstract":"<p><span>The earliest tetrapods known are from two or three Upper Devonian</span><sup>1–3</sup><span>&nbsp;and some 20 Lower Carboniferous localities in Scotland4 and North America</span><sup>5–8</sup><span>. Most sites yield few and fragmentary specimens; well-preserved and even partially articulated material is exceedingly rare. This report discusses a middle Lower Carboniferous site rich in amphibian and fish remains discovered near Delta, south-east Iowa, and represents the first Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality found in mid-continental North America. The bones occur within collapse-structures or depressions, and appear to represent a fresh- or brackish-water pond fauna. The Delta site contains the oldest well-preserved tetrapod fauna in North America, and one of the oldest in the world. Several hundred tetrapod fossils have been collected to date, with excavation somewhat more than half completed. Specimens range from isolated bones to articulated, nearly complete skeletons of at least two apparently new amphibian species. This material will make an important contribution to knowledge of the mor-phology and interrelationships of early tetrapods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/333768a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Bolt, J., McKay, R., Witzke, B., and McAdams, M., 1988, A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa: Nature, v. 333, no. 6175, p. 768-770, https://doi.org/10.1038/333768a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"770","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.69321098034271,\n              43.54256954893344\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.72858624817624,\n              42.73699803843523\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.1161908673356,\n              41.780553985192824\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.90624885835399,\n              40.48760168558948\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.92848582950946,\n              40.58236406842123\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4363674865877,\n              40.29164457407646\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.90527191776219,\n              40.891384940468015\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.09462276356368,\n              41.90527987432017\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.63381627372756,\n              42.729413795212736\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.24190728304254,\n              43.53316060224191\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.69321098034271,\n              43.54256954893344\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"333","issue":"6175","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e499e4b0c8380cd46758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolt, J.R.","contributorId":57205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolt","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, R.M.","contributorId":91238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAdams, M.P.","contributorId":81633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAdams","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70122169,"text":"70122169 - 1988 - Problems with surface water models from a user's perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-26T11:15:51","indexId":"70122169","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-19T11:14:26","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Problems with surface water models from a user's perspective","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the international symposium on water quality modeling of agricultural non-point sources","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling of Agricultural Non-Point Sources","conferenceDate":"1988-06-19T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Logan, Utah","language":"English","publisher":"Agricultural Research Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Thornton, K., Stalnaker, C., and Baun, K., 1988, Problems with surface water models from a user's perspective.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fd9f61e4b0adaeea6c4e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornton, K.","contributorId":85895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stalnaker, Clair B.","contributorId":30871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalnaker","given":"Clair B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baun, K.","contributorId":92183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baun","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220771,"text":"5220771 - 1988 - Sublethal landrin toxicity: Behavioral and physiological effects on captive vultures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-12T12:44:41","indexId":"5220771","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sublethal landrin toxicity: Behavioral and physiological effects on captive vultures","docAbstract":"Use of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) has been proposed to reduce consumption of California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) eggs by ravens (Corvus corax). Although landrin has induced aversions in ravens and other birds, no data were available on behavioral and physiological effects of landrin on condors, non-target birds that might consume treated eggs. Because condors are endangered, we selected taxonomically related surrogates to approximate the effects on condors of acute oral doses of landrin. Seven black vultures (Coragyps atratus), 2 turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), and 2 king vultures (Sarcoramphus papa) received landrin and placebo treatments 1 week apart. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was monitored at zero, 3, and 24 hours posttreatment, and behavioral observations were made for 2 hours posttreatment. The doses tested were nonlethal, and ChE levels approached normal within 24 hours after treatment. Only the frequency of vomiting differed statistically between the placebo and landrin treatment. We conclude that with appropriate precautions, landrin can be used in applications of CTA to discourage consumption of condor eggs by ravens, while posing no apparent risk to reintroduced condors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3801227","usgsCitation":"Forthman-Quick, D., and Hill, E.F., 1988, Sublethal landrin toxicity: Behavioral and physiological effects on captive vultures: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 233-237, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801227.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17879,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3801227","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forthman-Quick, D.L.","contributorId":50621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forthman-Quick","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220765,"text":"5220765 - 1988 - Empirical estimates of body drag of large waterfowl and raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:34:22.244769","indexId":"5220765","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical estimates of body drag of large waterfowl and raptors","docAbstract":"<p><span>Measurements of the body frontal area of some large living waterfowl (Anatidae) and raptors (Falconiformes) were found to vary with the two-thirds power of the body mass, with no distinction between the two groups. Wind tunnel measurements on frozen bodies gave drag coefficients ranging from 0·25 to 0·39, in the Reynolds number range 145 000 to 462000. Combining these observations with those of&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"JEXBIO_135_1_253C5\">Prior (1984)</a><span>, which extended to lower Reynolds numbers, a practical rule is proposed for choosing a value of the body drag coefficient for use in performance estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.135.1.253","usgsCitation":"Pennycuick, C., Obrecht, H., and Fuller, M., 1988, Empirical estimates of body drag of large waterfowl and raptors: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 135, p. 253-264, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.135.1.253.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennycuick, C.J.","contributorId":59133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennycuick","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obrecht, H.H. III","contributorId":18868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"H.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220766,"text":"5220766 - 1988 - Wind tunnel experiments to assess the effect of back-mounted radio transmitters on bird body drag","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:36:16.199589","indexId":"5220766","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-16T12:19:04","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wind tunnel experiments to assess the effect of back-mounted radio transmitters on bird body drag","docAbstract":"<p><span>The aerodynamic drag of bird bodies was measured in a wind tunnel, with and without back-mounted dummy radio transmitters. Flight performance estimates indicate that the drag of a large transmitter can cause a substantial reduction of a migrant’s range, that is, the distance it can cover in non-stop flight. The drag of the transmitter can be reduced by arranging the components in an elongated shape, so minimizing the frontal area. The addition of a rounded fairing to the front end, and a pointed fairing behind, was found to reduce the drag of the transmitter by about one-third, as compared with an unfaired rectangular box.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.135.1.265","usgsCitation":"Obrecht, H., Pennycuick, C., and Fuller, M., 1988, Wind tunnel experiments to assess the effect of back-mounted radio transmitters on bird body drag: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 135, no. 1, p. 265-273, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.135.1.265.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e31f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obrecht, H.H. III","contributorId":18868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"H.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennycuick, C.J.","contributorId":59133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennycuick","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70231786,"text":"70231786 - 1988 - The use of Landsat MSS data to map eelgrass in Izembek Lagoon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T14:33:43.1675","indexId":"70231786","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-01T09:23:56","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of Landsat MSS data to map eelgrass in Izembek Lagoon, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, resource technology 88: International Symposium on Advanced Technology in Natural Resource Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Resource technology 88: International Symposium on Advanced Technology in Natural Resource Management","conferenceDate":"June 20-23, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, Colorado, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 1988, The use of Landsat MSS data to map eelgrass in Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, <i>in</i> Proceedings, resource technology 88: International Symposium on Advanced Technology in Natural Resource Management, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, June 20-23, 1988, p. 251-253.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"253","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Izembek Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.91213989257812,\n              55.24311788040884\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.89222717285156,\n              55.24350933196229\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.87231445312497,\n              55.247815044675555\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.8620147705078,\n              55.252903013022696\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.85377502441406,\n              55.26072938491081\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.8386688232422,\n              55.26464199284139\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.8221893310547,\n              55.27481297023092\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.81944274902344,\n              55.28224396052732\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.8125762939453,\n              55.2888915625192\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.8070831298828,\n              55.283808202328\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.79678344726562,\n              55.283808202328\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.78579711914062,\n              55.28615444946355\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7892303466797,\n              55.293974271732914\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.80296325683594,\n              55.293974271732914\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.80364990234375,\n              55.30218342696985\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.79884338378906,\n              55.29671084553524\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.78099060058594,\n              55.294756169220264\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.77000427246094,\n              55.29671084553524\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.75901794433594,\n              55.2920194606098\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7521514892578,\n              55.29710176924355\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.75146484375,\n              55.304528587934094\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.73841857910156,\n              55.304528587934094\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.70889282226562,\n              55.320159451512446\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7027130126953,\n              55.32914440840507\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.6917266845703,\n              55.33187855625203\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.68348693847656,\n              55.34515601977628\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.66975402832028,\n              55.353354583171516\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.6546478271484,\n              55.36389309933607\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.64503479003906,\n              55.38106096691339\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.63748168945312,\n              55.39315203743346\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.66563415527344,\n              55.41498460124224\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.69447326660156,\n              55.41693335080085\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7349853515625,\n              55.407188641599014\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.81944274902344,\n              55.375989417701845\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.87918090820312,\n              55.3494507170526\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.9155731201172,\n              55.32133151791706\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.94715881347656,\n              55.29084652771471\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.9931640625,\n              55.25446841071531\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.93617248535153,\n              55.24390077966148\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.91213989257812,\n              55.24311788040884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":140882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70217596,"text":"70217596 - 1988 - Comment on ''Hydroseismicity-A hypothesis for the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity''","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T15:13:05.15442","indexId":"70217596","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-01T09:10:02","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on ''Hydroseismicity-A hypothesis for the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity''","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0562:CAROHA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Iverson, R.M., Costain, J.K., Bollinger, G.A., and Speer, J.A., 1988, Comment on ''Hydroseismicity-A hypothesis for the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity'': Geology, v. 16, no. 6, p. 562-564, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0562:CAROHA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"562","endPage":"564","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costain, John K.","contributorId":70080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costain","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bollinger, G. A.","contributorId":55809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Speer, J. Alexander","contributorId":248287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Speer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185529,"text":"70185529 - 1988 - The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:09:26","indexId":"70185529","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25°C","docAbstract":"<p>The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25° and standard pressure was investigated by the batch dissolution method. The bulk dissolution rate of quartz in 20 mmole/Kg citrate solutions at pH 7 was 8 to 10 times faster than that in pure water. After 1750 hours the concentration of dissolved silica in the citrate solution was 167 μmole/Kg compared to 50 μmole/Kg in water and a 20 mmole/Kg solution of acetate at pH 7. Solutions of salicylic, oxalic, and humic acids also accelerated the dissolution of quartz in aqueous solution at pH 7. The rate of dissolution in organic acids decreased sharply with decreasing pH.</p><p>The possibility of a silica-organic acid complex was investigated using UV-difference spectroscopy. Results suggest that dissolved silica is complexed by citrate, oxalate and pyruvate at pH 7 by an electron-donor acceptor complex, whereas no complexation occurs between silica and acetate, lactate, malonate, or succinate. Three models are proposed for the solution and surface complexation of silica by organic acid anions which result in the accelerated dissolution and increased solubility of quartz in organic rich water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90222-0","usgsCitation":"Bennett, P., Melcer, M., Siegel, D.I., and Hassett, J., 1988, The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 6, p. 1521-1530, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90222-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1530","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90222-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df09e4b05ec79911d1cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melcer, M.E.","contributorId":57270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcer","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hassett, J.P.","contributorId":189734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassett","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007840,"text":"1007840 - 1988 - Population variation in root-grafting and a hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T15:21:33.800466","indexId":"1007840","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population variation in root-grafting and a hypothesis","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3565212","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1988, Population variation in root-grafting and a hypothesis: Oikos, v. 52, no. 3, p. 364-366, https://doi.org/10.2307/3565212.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69658f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209080,"text":"70209080 - 1988 - Air pollution and wildlife toxicology: An overlooked problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-15T14:14:13","indexId":"70209080","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-31T10:57:28","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air pollution and wildlife toxicology: An overlooked problem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since the 1880s, there have been repeated reports worldwide of toxic effects to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">air</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">pollution</span><span>. Incidents in North America were recorded as early as the 1920s and as recently as last year. The effects have ranged from death and injury to increased incidence of infectious diseases, and they are the result of exposure to both gaseous and particulate emissions. Compared with other threats to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>, for instance, pesticides, the toxicological relationship between&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">air</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">pollution</span><span>&nbsp;and effects in&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;is not well understood. Our limited understanding is based primarily on reports of symptoms observed in the field and on information extrapolated from studies in livestock and laboratory animals. Few controlled&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;studies, such as those that have evaluated pesticide effects, have been conducted. Current&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">air</span><span>&nbsp;quality standards cannot be assumed to protect&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;from the effects of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">air</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">pollution</span><span>. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">air</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">pollution</span><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">toxicology</span><span>&nbsp;and the continuing threat&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">air</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">pollution</span><span>&nbsp;presents to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>. The available information on reported effects of gaseous and particulate pollutants (i.e., sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, oxidants, arsenic, cadmium, fluoride, lead and selenium) on terrestrial&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>, along with similar toxicological data for domestic animals, is summarized. Information on the toxic effects, tolerance levels, pathways of contamination, and risks to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">wildlife</span><span>&nbsp;from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">air</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">pollution</span><span>&nbsp;is given, and gaps in knowledge are pointed out. Areas where research is needed are identified. Copyright © 1988 SETAC</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620070508","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Newman, J., and Schreiber, R., 1988, Air pollution and wildlife toxicology: An overlooked problem: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 7, no. 5, p. 381-390, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620070508.","productDescription":"10  p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"390","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, J.R.","contributorId":54531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiber, R. K.","contributorId":119971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201448,"text":"wdrPA872 - 1988 - Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1987. Volume 2: Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T12:14:13.940643","indexId":"wdrPA872","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-22T16:01:11","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-87-2","title":"Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1987. Volume 2: Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA872","usgsCitation":"Loper, W., Behrendt, T., and Schaffstall, W., 1988, Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1987. Volume 2: Susquehanna and Potomac River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-87-2, viii, 322 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA872.","productDescription":"viii, 322 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/pa-87-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375016,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/pa-87-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.916171,39.720893],[-80.075947,39.72135],[-80.421388,39.721189],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519423,39.806181],[-80.518891,39.890964],[-80.519248,39.936967],[-80.51896,40.078089],[-80.519039,40.342101],[-80.517991,40.367968],[-80.51769,40.462467],[-80.51899,40.473667],[-80.519002,40.877543],[-80.519891,40.906661],[-80.519091,40.921061],[-80.518928,41.070954],[-80.519144,41.171203],[-80.518693,41.248855],[-80.518993,41.268155],[-80.518794,41.305509],[-80.519129,41.312408],[-80.519345,41.340145],[-80.518993,41.435454],[-80.519339,41.539297],[-80.519425,41.977522],[-80.435451,42.005611],[-80.409776,42.011578],[-80.373066,42.024102],[-80.371869,42.023966],[-80.363251,42.027973],[-80.349169,42.030243],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-80.296758,42.049076],[-80.230486,42.077957],[-80.188085,42.094257],[-80.165884,42.105857],[-80.154084,42.114757],[-80.136213,42.149937],[-80.13043,42.156331],[-80.117368,42.166341],[-80.088512,42.173184],[-80.077388,42.171262],[-80.073381,42.168658],[-80.080028,42.163625],[-80.071981,42.155357],[-80.078781,42.151457],[-80.076281,42.147857],[-80.07198,42.146057],[-80.06108,42.144857],[-79.989186,42.177051],[-79.931324,42.206737],[-79.923924,42.207546],[-79.90105,42.216701],[-79.886187,42.224933],[-79.867979,42.230999],[-79.844661,42.235486],[-79.798447,42.255939],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.762152,42.243054],[-79.761759,42.162675],[-79.762122,42.131246],[-79.761709,42.11899],[-79.761798,42.019042],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.670128,41.999335],[-79.472472,41.998255],[-79.249772,41.998807],[-79.17857,41.999458],[-79.061265,41.999259],[-78.983065,41.998949],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-78.749754,41.998109],[-78.59665,41.999877],[-78.308128,41.999415],[-78.271204,41.998968],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.031177,41.999415],[-77.997508,41.998758],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-77.505308,42.00007],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.063676,42.000461],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-76.749675,42.001689],[-76.558118,42.000155],[-76.462155,41.998934],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.131201,41.998954],[-75.98025,41.999035],[-75.870677,41.998828],[-75.742217,41.997864],[-75.610316,41.99896],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-75.353504,41.99711],[-75.346568,41.995324],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.337791,41.984386],[-75.34246,41.974303],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.339488,41.970786],[-75.335771,41.970315],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.322384,41.961693],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.310358,41.949012],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.301664,41.94838],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.301593,41.952811],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.29858,41.954521],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.29143,41.952477],[-75.291762,41.947092],[-75.290966,41.945039],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.277243,41.933598],[-75.276501,41.926679],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.275368,41.919564],[-75.269736,41.911363],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.272581,41.893168],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.267789,41.885982],[-75.263005,41.885109],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.258439,41.875087],[-75.261488,41.873277],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.263673,41.868105],[-75.262802,41.866213],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.257825,41.862154],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.248045,41.8633],[-75.243345,41.866875],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.238743,41.865699],[-75.234565,41.861569],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.22572,41.857481],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.220125,41.860534],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.209741,41.86925],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.197836,41.868807],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.191441,41.865063],[-75.190203,41.862454],[-75.188888,41.861264],[-75.186993,41.860109],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.183937,41.860515],[-75.182271,41.862198],[-75.180497,41.86568],[-75.179134,41.869935],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.174574,41.87266],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.169142,41.87029],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.166217,41.853862],[-75.164168,41.851586],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.156512,41.848327],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.143824,41.851737],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.127913,41.844903],[-75.118789,41.845819],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.114399,41.843583],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.113441,41.836298],[-75.114998,41.8303],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.114837,41.82567],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.093537,41.813375],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.085789,41.811626],[-75.079818,41.814815],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.074409,41.815088],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.071751,41.811901],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.074412,41.802191],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.07827,41.797467],[-75.081415,41.796483],[-75.088328,41.797534],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.102329,41.786503],[-75.103548,41.782008],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.104334,41.772693],[-75.103492,41.771238],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.09281,41.768361],[-75.079478,41.771205],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.074231,41.770518],[-75.072664,41.768807],[-75.068567,41.767298],[-75.064901,41.766686],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.052808,41.744725],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053527,41.72715],[-75.049699,41.715093],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.050689,41.711969],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.061174,41.712935],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.068642,41.710146],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.067278,41.705434],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.056745,41.695703],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.051234,41.682439],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052653,41.678436],[-75.058765,41.674412],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.05843,41.669653],[-75.057251,41.668933],[-75.053991,41.668194],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.048683,41.656317],[-75.049281,41.641862],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.048199,41.632011],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.045508,41.616203],[-75.047298,41.615791],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.051856,41.618157],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.06156,41.616429],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.059956,41.612306],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.062716,41.609639],[-75.067795,41.610143],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.074626,41.607905],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.066955,41.599428],[-75.063677,41.594739],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.052858,41.587772],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.043879,41.575094],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.036989,41.567049],[-75.033162,41.565092],[-75.029211,41.564637],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.016328,41.546501],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.017626,41.542734],[-75.022828,41.541456],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.024757,41.535099],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.023018,41.533147],[-75.016616,41.53211],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.009552,41.528461],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.001297,41.52065],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.000935,41.517638],[-75.002592,41.51456],[-75.003706,41.511118],[-75.003694,41.509295],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-74.999612,41.5074],[-74.993893,41.508754],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-74.985653,41.507926],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.982385,41.500981],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.982463,41.496467],[-74.985247,41.489113],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.985004,41.483703],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.981652,41.479945],[-74.969887,41.477438],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.956411,41.476735],[-74.94808,41.480625],[-74.945634,41.483213],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.926835,41.478327],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.917282,41.477041],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.908133,41.468117],[-74.908103,41.464639],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.9042,41.459806],[-74.895069,41.45819],[-74.892114,41.456959],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.889116,41.452534],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.894931,41.446099],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.896025,41.439987],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.876721,41.440338],[-74.864688,41.443993],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.8542,41.443166],[-74.848602,41.440179],[-74.845572,41.437577],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.834635,41.430796],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.828592,41.430698],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.82288,41.436792],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.812123,41.442982],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.805655,41.442101],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.80037,41.43606],[-74.800095,41.432661],[-74.799546,41.43129],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.793856,41.422671],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.784339,41.422397],[-74.778029,41.425104],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.77065,41.42623],[-74.763701,41.423612],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.754359,41.425147],[-74.75068,41.427984],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.740932,41.43116],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.736688,41.429228],[-74.735519,41.427465],[-74.734893,41.425818],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738684,41.413463],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.741717,41.40788],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.738554,41.401191],[-74.736103,41.398398],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.730384,41.39566],[-74.720891,41.39469],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.713411,41.389814],[-74.710391,41.382102],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.703282,41.375093],[-74.694968,41.370431],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.689516,41.363843],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691076,41.36034],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.428038,39.809212],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.463341,39.823812],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.518444,39.836311],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.570464,39.839007],[-75.579849,39.838526],[-75.593666,39.837455],[-75.617251,39.833999],[-75.634706,39.830164],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.662822,39.82115],[-75.685991,39.811054],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.716969,39.791998],[-75.727049,39.784126],[-75.736489,39.775759],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.753066,39.757631],[-75.760346,39.747231],[-75.766058,39.737811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.998649,39.721576],[-76.013067,39.72192],[-76.233259,39.721305],[-76.715594,39.721103],[-76.8901,39.720401],[-76.936601,39.720701],[-76.990903,39.7198],[-77.058204,39.7202],[-77.534758,39.720134],[-77.724115,39.720894],[-77.874719,39.722219],[-78.330715,39.722689],[-78.337111,39.722461],[-78.438839,39.722481],[-78.461422,39.722869],[-78.537702,39.72249],[-78.546415,39.722869],[-78.575893,39.722561],[-78.723529,39.723043],[-79.045548,39.722883],[-79.548465,39.720778],[-79.610623,39.721245],[-79.763774,39.720776],[-79.916171,39.720893]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loper, W.C.","contributorId":49853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, T.E.","contributorId":27887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaffstall, W.P.","contributorId":20010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffstall","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006561,"text":"70006561 - 1988 - Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to <i>Daphnia pulex</i> and <i>Daphnia magna</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T13:19:54","indexId":"70006561","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-22T13:13:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesTitle":{"id":443,"text":"Proceedings of the QSAR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":12}},"title":"Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to <i>Daphnia pulex</i> and <i>Daphnia magna</i>","docAbstract":"<p>In the Laurentian Great Lakes, more than 300 contaminants have been identified in fish, other biota, water, and sediment. Current hazard assessment of these chemicals by the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes is based on their toxicity, occurrence in the environment, and source. Although scientists at the Center have tested over 70 chemicals with the crustacean <i>Daphnia pulex</i>, the number of experimental data needed to screen the huge array of chemicals in the Great Lakes exceeds the practical capabilities of conducting bioassays. This limitation can be partly circumvented, however, by using mathematical models based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to provide rapid, inexpensive estimates of toxicity. Many properties of chemicals, including toxicity, bioaccumulation and water solubility are well correlated and can be predicted by equations of the generalized linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). The equation we used to model solute toxicity is Toxicity = constant + <u>m</u>VI/100 + <u>s</u> (π* + dδ) + <u>b</u>βm + <u>a</u>αm where VI = intrinsic (Van der Waals) molar volume; π* = molecular dipolarity/polarizability; δ = polarizability 'correction term'; βm = solute hydrogen bond acceptor basicity; and αm = solute hydrogen bond donor acidity. The subscript m designates solute monomer values for α and β. We applied the LSER model to 48-h acute toxicity data (measured as immobilization) for six classes of chemicals detected in Great Lakes fish. The following regression was obtained for <i>Daphnia pulex</i> (concentration = μM): log EC50 = 4.86 - 4.35 VI/100; N = 38, r2 = 0.867, sd = 0.403 We also used the LSER modeling approach to analyze to a large published data set of 24-h acute toxicity for <i>Daphnia magna</i>; the following regression resulted, for eight classes of compounds (concentration = mM): log EC50 = 3.88 - 4.52 VI/100 - 1.62 π* + 1.66 βm - 0.916 αm; N = 62, r2 = 0.859, sd = 0.375 In addition we developed computer software that identifies chemical structures, estimates the LSER parameters, and predicts toxicity. The LSER models promise to be effective in differentiating between reactive and nonreactive toxicity behavior where other models have failed. Contaminants with reactive behavior are generally the most toxic and rank highest in hazard assessment of environmental chemicals.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the QSAR: third international workshop on quantitative structure-activity relationships in environmental toxicology","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the QSAR: third international workshop on quantitative structure-activity relationships in environmental toxicology","conferenceDate":"1988-05-21T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Knoxville, TN","language":"English","publisher":"National Technical Information Service","publisherLocation":"Springfield, VA","usgsCitation":"Passino, D., Hickey, J.P., and Frank, A.M., 1988, Linear solvation energy relationships for toxicity of selected organic chemicals to <i>Daphnia pulex</i> and <i>Daphnia magna</i>: Proceedings of the QSAR, p. 131-146.","productDescription":"p. 131-146","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"The Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f5e4b07b8813a554d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Passino, Dora R. M.","contributorId":29345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino","given":"Dora R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, Anthony M.","contributorId":28922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210129,"text":"70210129 - 1988 - Comment and reply on \"Bacterially mediated diagenetic origin for chert-hosted manganese deposits in the Franciscan Complex, California Coast Ranges\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T12:24:09.31764","indexId":"70210129","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-14T14:23:52","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment and reply on \"Bacterially mediated diagenetic origin for chert-hosted manganese deposits in the Franciscan Complex, California Coast Ranges\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0469:CAROBM>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Raymond, L.A., Hein, J.R., and Koski, R.A., 1988, Comment and reply on \"Bacterially mediated diagenetic origin for chert-hosted manganese deposits in the Franciscan Complex, California Coast Ranges\": Geology, v. 16, no. 5, p. 469-470, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0469:CAROBM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"470","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymond, Loren A.","contributorId":177083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70210128,"text":"70210128 - 1988 - Pb isotopes in sulfides from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T19:17:22.572524","indexId":"70210128","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-14T14:06:07","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb isotopes in sulfides from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report Pb isotope ratios of sulfides deposited at seven recently active mid-ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal vents. Sulfides from three sediment-starved sites on the Juan de Fuca Ridge contain Pb with isotope ratios identical to their local basaltic sources. Lead in two deposits from the sediment-covered Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, is derived from the sediments and does not appear to contain any basaltic component. There is a range of isotope ratios in a Guaymas Basin deposit, consistent with a mixture of sediment and MOR basalt Pb. Lead in a Galapagos deposit differs slightly from known Galapagos basalt Pb isotope values. The faithful record of Pb isotope signatures of local sources in MOR sulfides indicates that isotope ratios from ancient analogues can be used as accurate reflections of ancient oceanic crustal values in ophiolite-hosted deposits and continental crustal averages in sediment-hosted deposits. The preservation of primary ophiolitic or continental crustal Pb isotope signatures in ancient MOR sulfides provides a powerful tool for investigation of crustal evolution and for \"fingerprinting\" ancient terranes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0362:PIISFM>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"LeHuray, A., Church, S.E., Koski, R.A., and Bouse, R.M., 1988, Pb isotopes in sulfides from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites: Geology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 362-365, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0362:PIISFM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"365","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -128.408203125,\n              50.12057809796008\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.60546875,\n              49.095452162534826\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.44140625,\n              47.21956811231547\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.94726562499999,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.408203125,\n              50.12057809796008\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.08984375000001,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.298828125,\n              45.767522962149876\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.71679687499999,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.37890625,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.796875,\n              27.293689224852407\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              28.07198030177986\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.32421875,\n              29.53522956294847\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.37890625,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              22.836945920943855\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.666015625,\n              20.2209657795223\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              21.12549763660628\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              23.160563309048314\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              22.836945920943855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.42773437499999,\n              -3.2502085616531686\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.517578125,\n              -3.2502085616531686\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.517578125,\n              3.0746950723696944\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.42773437499999,\n              3.0746950723696944\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.42773437499999,\n              -3.2502085616531686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeHuray, A.P.","contributorId":63023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeHuray","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Stanley E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":199165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stanley","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70209884,"text":"70209884 - 1988 - Making a big impression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T16:26:33.080551","indexId":"70209884","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-05T11:10:43","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Making a big impression","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/336520a0","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1988, Making a big impression: Nature, v. 366, no. 8, p. 520-520, https://doi.org/10.1038/336520a0.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"520","endPage":"520","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/336520a0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"366","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":788412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220772,"text":"5220772 - 1988 - Large osprey colony discovered in Oregon in 1899","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T17:35:32.765099","indexId":"5220772","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large osprey colony discovered in Oregon in 1899","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwestern Naturalist","doi":"10.2307/3534886","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., 1988, Large osprey colony discovered in Oregon in 1899: Murrelet, v. 69, no. 1, p. 33-36, https://doi.org/10.2307/3534886.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17841,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3534886","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-121.922236,45.649083],[-121.908267,45.654399],[-121.900858,45.662009],[-121.901855,45.670716],[-121.867167,45.693277],[-121.811304,45.706761],[-121.735104,45.694039],[-121.707358,45.694809],[-121.668362,45.705082],[-121.631167,45.704657],[-121.533106,45.726541],[-121.499153,45.720846],[-121.462849,45.701367],[-121.423592,45.69399],[-121.401739,45.692887],[-121.372574,45.703111],[-121.33777,45.704949],[-121.312198,45.699925],[-121.287323,45.687019],[-121.251183,45.67839],[-121.215779,45.671238],[-121.200367,45.649829],[-121.195233,45.629513],[-121.196556,45.616689],[-121.183841,45.606441],[-121.167852,45.606098],[-121.145534,45.607886],[-121.139483,45.611962],[-121.131953,45.609762],[-121.1222,45.616067],[-121.117052,45.618117],[-121.120064,45.623134],[-121.084933,45.647893],[-121.06437,45.652549],[-121.033582,45.650998],[-121.007449,45.653217],[-120.983478,45.648344],[-120.977978,45.649345],[-120.953077,45.656745],[-120.943977,45.656445],[-120.913476,45.640045],[-120.895575,45.642945],[-120.855674,45.671545],[-120.788872,45.686246],[-120.724171,45.706446],[-120.68937,45.715847],[-120.668869,45.730147],[-120.634968,45.745847],[-120.591166,45.746547],[-120.559465,45.738348],[-120.521964,45.709848],[-120.505863,45.700048],[-120.482362,45.694449],[-120.40396,45.699249],[-120.329057,45.71105],[-120.282156,45.72125],[-120.210754,45.725951],[-120.170453,45.761951],[-120.141352,45.773152],[-120.07015,45.785152],[-120.001148,45.811902],[-119.965744,45.824365],[-119.907461,45.828135],[-119.876144,45.834718],[-119.802655,45.84753],[-119.772927,45.845578],[-119.669877,45.856867],[-119.623393,45.905639],[-119.600549,45.919581],[-119.571584,45.925456],[-119.524632,45.908605],[-119.487829,45.906307],[-119.450256,45.917354],[-119.364396,45.921605],[-119.322509,45.933183],[-119.25715,45.939926],[-119.225745,45.932725],[-119.19553,45.92787],[-119.169496,45.927603],[-119.12612,45.932859],[-119.093221,45.942745],[-119.061462,45.958527],[-119.027056,45.969134],[-119.008558,45.97927],[-118.987129,45.999855],[-118.941242,46.000574],[-118.639332,46.000994],[-118.146028,46.000701],[-118.131019,46.00028],[-117.996911,46.000787],[-117.717852,45.999866],[-117.48013,45.99787],[-117.439943,45.998633],[-117.390738,45.998598],[-117.353928,45.996349],[-117.337668,45.998662],[-117.216731,45.998356],[-117.070047,45.99751],[-117.051304,45.996849],[-116.985882,45.996974],[-116.915989,45.995413],[-116.911409,45.988912],[-116.892935,45.974396],[-116.886843,45.958617],[-116.875706,45.945008],[-116.869655,45.923799],[-116.866544,45.916958],[-116.859795,45.907264],[-116.857254,45.904159],[-116.84355,45.892273],[-116.830003,45.886405],[-116.819182,45.880938],[-116.814142,45.877551],[-116.796051,45.858473],[-116.790151,45.849851],[-116.787792,45.844267],[-116.78752,45.840204],[-116.788923,45.836741],[-116.789066,45.833471],[-116.782676,45.825376],[-116.7634,45.81658],[-116.759787,45.816167],[-116.750978,45.818537],[-116.740486,45.82446],[-116.736268,45.826179],[-116.715527,45.826773],[-116.711822,45.826267],[-116.697192,45.820135],[-116.687007,45.806319],[-116.680139,45.79359],[-116.665344,45.781998],[-116.659629,45.780016],[-116.646342,45.779815],[-116.639641,45.781274],[-116.635814,45.783642],[-116.632032,45.784979],[-116.60504,45.781018],[-116.593004,45.778541],[-116.559444,45.755189],[-116.553548,45.753388],[-116.549085,45.752735],[-116.546643,45.750972],[-116.537173,45.737288],[-116.535698,45.734231],[-116.538014,45.714929],[-116.536395,45.69665],[-116.535396,45.691734],[-116.528272,45.681473],[-116.523961,45.677639],[-116.512326,45.670224],[-116.487894,45.649769],[-116.477452,45.631267],[-116.469813,45.620604],[-116.46517,45.617986],[-116.463504,45.615785],[-116.463635,45.602785],[-116.481943,45.577898],[-116.48297,45.577008],[-116.490279,45.574499],[-116.502756,45.566608],[-116.523638,45.54661],[-116.535482,45.525079],[-116.543837,45.514193],[-116.548676,45.510385],[-116.553473,45.499107],[-116.558804,45.481188],[-116.558803,45.480076],[-116.55498,45.472801],[-116.554829,45.46293],[-116.563985,45.460169],[-116.581382,45.448984],[-116.588195,45.44292],[-116.592416,45.427356],[-116.597447,45.41277],[-116.619057,45.39821],[-116.653252,45.351084],[-116.673793,45.321511],[-116.674648,45.314342],[-116.672594,45.298023],[-116.672163,45.288938],[-116.672733,45.283183],[-116.674493,45.276349],[-116.675587,45.274867],[-116.681013,45.27072],[-116.687027,45.267857],[-116.691388,45.263739],[-116.703607,45.239757],[-116.70975,45.217243],[-116.708546,45.207356],[-116.709536,45.203015],[-116.724205,45.171501],[-116.724188,45.162924],[-116.729607,45.142091],[-116.754643,45.113972],[-116.774847,45.105536],[-116.782492,45.09579],[-116.783537,45.093605],[-116.784244,45.088128],[-116.78371,45.076972],[-116.797329,45.060267],[-116.808576,45.050652],[-116.825133,45.03784],[-116.841314,45.030907],[-116.847944,45.022602],[-116.848037,45.021728],[-116.845847,45.01847],[-116.844796,45.015312],[-116.844625,45.001435],[-116.856754,44.984298],[-116.858313,44.978761],[-116.850737,44.958113],[-116.846461,44.951521],[-116.835702,44.940633],[-116.83199,44.933007],[-116.832176,44.931373],[-116.833632,44.928976],[-116.838467,44.923601],[-116.846061,44.905249],[-116.852427,44.887577],[-116.857038,44.880769],[-116.865338,44.870599],[-116.883598,44.858268],[-116.896249,44.84833],[-116.920498,44.81438],[-116.928099,44.808381],[-116.931099,44.804781],[-116.933699,44.798781],[-116.933799,44.796781],[-116.9307,44.789881],[-116.9318,44.787181],[-116.9347,44.783881],[-116.949001,44.777981],[-116.966801,44.775181],[-116.970902,44.773881],[-116.977802,44.767981],[-116.986502,44.762381],[-116.992003,44.759182],[-116.998903,44.756382],[-117.006045,44.756024],[-117.013802,44.756841],[-117.03827,44.748179],[-117.044217,44.74514],[-117.062273,44.727143],[-117.060454,44.721668],[-117.061799,44.706654],[-117.063824,44.703623],[-117.072221,44.700517],[-117.07912,44.692175],[-117.080772,44.684161],[-117.091223,44.668807],[-117.095868,44.664737],[-117.096791,44.657385],[-117.094968,44.652011],[-117.098221,44.640689],[-117.108231,44.62711],[-117.114754,44.624883],[-117.120522,44.614658],[-117.125267,44.593818],[-117.124754,44.583834],[-117.126009,44.581553],[-117.133963,44.57524],[-117.14248,44.57143],[-117.146032,44.568603],[-117.148255,44.564371],[-117.147934,44.562143],[-117.14293,44.557236],[-117.144161,44.545647],[-117.149242,44.536151],[-117.152406,44.531802],[-117.161033,44.525166],[-117.167187,44.523431],[-117.181583,44.52296],[-117.185386,44.519261],[-117.189759,44.513385],[-117.19163,44.509886],[-117.191329,44.506784],[-117.192494,44.503272],[-117.194317,44.499884],[-117.200237,44.492027],[-117.208936,44.485661],[-117.211148,44.485359],[-117.216372,44.48616],[-117.224104,44.483734],[-117.225076,44.482346],[-117.225932,44.479389],[-117.225758,44.477223],[-117.224445,44.473884],[-117.221548,44.470146],[-117.217015,44.459042],[-117.215573,44.453746],[-117.214637,44.44803],[-117.215072,44.427162],[-117.22698,44.405583],[-117.234835,44.399669],[-117.242675,44.396548],[-117.243027,44.390974],[-117.235117,44.373853],[-117.216911,44.360163],[-117.210587,44.357703],[-117.206962,44.355206],[-117.197339,44.347406],[-117.189769,44.336585],[-117.191546,44.329621],[-117.203323,44.313024],[-117.2055,44.311789],[-117.216795,44.308236],[-117.217843,44.30718],[-117.220069,44.301382],[-117.222451,44.298963],[-117.222647,44.297578],[-117.216974,44.288357],[-117.198147,44.273828],[-117.170342,44.25889],[-117.15706,44.25749],[-117.143394,44.258262],[-117.138523,44.25937],[-117.133984,44.262972],[-117.133104,44.264236],[-117.13253,44.267045],[-117.130904,44.269453],[-117.121037,44.277585],[-117.111617,44.280667],[-117.107673,44.280763],[-117.104208,44.27994],[-117.098531,44.275533],[-117.09457,44.270978],[-117.093578,44.269383],[-117.090933,44.260311],[-117.089503,44.258234],[-117.07835,44.249885],[-117.067284,44.24401],[-117.059352,44.237244],[-117.05651,44.230874],[-117.05303,44.229076],[-117.050057,44.22883],[-117.047062,44.229742],[-117.045513,44.232005],[-117.042283,44.242775],[-117.031862,44.248635],[-117.025277,44.248505],[-117.020231,44.246063],[-117.016921,44.245391],[-116.98687,44.245477],[-116.975905,44.242844],[-116.973542,44.23998],[-116.971958,44.235677],[-116.973945,44.225932],[-116.973701,44.208017],[-116.971675,44.197256],[-116.967259,44.194581],[-116.965498,44.194126],[-116.947591,44.191264],[-116.940534,44.19371],[-116.935443,44.193962],[-116.925392,44.191544],[-116.902752,44.179467],[-116.900103,44.176851],[-116.895757,44.171267],[-116.894083,44.160191],[-116.894309,44.158114],[-116.895931,44.154295],[-116.927688,44.109438],[-116.928306,44.107326],[-116.933704,44.100039],[-116.937835,44.096943],[-116.943132,44.09406],[-116.957009,44.091743],[-116.967203,44.090936],[-116.974253,44.088295],[-116.977351,44.085364],[-116.973185,44.049425],[-116.956246,44.042888],[-116.943361,44.035645],[-116.937342,44.029376],[-116.934727,44.023806],[-116.934485,44.021249],[-116.942944,43.987512],[-116.957527,43.972443],[-116.969842,43.967588],[-116.971436,43.964998],[-116.971835,43.962806],[-116.970241,43.958622],[-116.969245,43.957426],[-116.966256,43.955832],[-116.963666,43.952644],[-116.96247,43.928336],[-116.963666,43.921363],[-116.977332,43.905812],[-116.976024,43.895548],[-116.982347,43.86884],[-116.98294,43.86771],[-116.991415,43.863864],[-116.997391,43.864874],[-117.01077,43.862269],[-117.013954,43.859358],[-117.026871,43.832479],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.040906,41.99989],[-117.04891,41.998983],[-117.055402,41.99989],[-117.068613,42.000035],[-117.197798,42.00038],[-117.403613,41.99929],[-117.443062,41.999659],[-117.625973,41.998102],[-117.873467,41.998335],[-118.197189,41.996995],[-118.501002,41.995446],[-118.696409,41.991794],[-119.001022,41.993793],[-119.20828,41.993177],[-119.231876,41.994212],[-119.251033,41.993843],[-119.444598,41.995478],[-119.72573,41.996296],[-119.790087,41.997544],[-119.872929,41.997641],[-119.876054,41.997199],[-119.986678,41.995842],[-119.999168,41.99454],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-120.181563,41.994588],[-120.286424,41.993058],[-120.501069,41.993785],[-120.647173,41.993084],[-120.812279,41.994183],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-121.094926,41.994658],[-121.126093,41.99601],[-121.247616,41.997054],[-121.251099,41.99757],[-121.309981,41.997612],[-121.340517,41.99622],[-121.376101,41.997026],[-121.434977,41.997022],[-121.580865,41.998668],[-121.846712,42.00307],[-122.000319,42.003967],[-122.101922,42.005766],[-122.160438,42.007637],[-122.261127,42.007364],[-122.378193,42.009518],[-122.397984,42.008758],[-122.501135,42.00846],[-122.634739,42.004858],[-122.80008,42.004071],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-123.065655,42.004948],[-123.083956,42.005448],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.154908,42.008036],[-123.192361,42.005446],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.381776,41.999268],[-123.43477,42.001641],[-123.49883,42.000525],[-123.525245,42.001047],[-123.55256,42.000246],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.728156,41.997007],[-123.789295,41.996111],[-123.813992,41.995096],[-123.834208,41.996116],[-124.001188,41.996146],[-124.126194,41.996992],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-124.214213,42.005939],[-124.270464,42.045553],[-124.287374,42.046016],[-124.299649,42.051736],[-124.314289,42.067864],[-124.34101,42.092929],[-124.356229,42.114952],[-124.357122,42.118016],[-124.351535,42.129796],[-124.351784,42.134965],[-124.355696,42.141964],[-124.361563,42.143767],[-124.366028,42.152343],[-124.366832,42.15845],[-124.363389,42.158588],[-124.360318,42.162272],[-124.361009,42.180752],[-124.367751,42.188321],[-124.373175,42.190218],[-124.374949,42.193129],[-124.376215,42.196381],[-124.375553,42.20882],[-124.377762,42.218809],[-124.383633,42.22716],[-124.410982,42.250547],[-124.411534,42.254115],[-124.408514,42.260588],[-124.405148,42.278107],[-124.410556,42.307431],[-124.429288,42.331746],[-124.427222,42.33488],[-124.425554,42.351874],[-124.424066,42.377242],[-124.424863,42.395426],[-124.428068,42.420333],[-124.434882,42.434916],[-124.435105,42.440163],[-124.422038,42.461226],[-124.423084,42.478952],[-124.421381,42.491737],[-124.399065,42.539928],[-124.390664,42.566593],[-124.389977,42.574758],[-124.400918,42.597518],[-124.399421,42.618079],[-124.401177,42.627192],[-124.413119,42.657934],[-124.416774,42.661594],[-124.45074,42.675798],[-124.451484,42.677787],[-124.447487,42.68474],[-124.448418,42.689909],[-124.473864,42.732671],[-124.491679,42.741789],[-124.498473,42.741077],[-124.499122,42.738606],[-124.510017,42.734746],[-124.513368,42.735068],[-124.514669,42.736806],[-124.516236,42.753632],[-124.524439,42.789793],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.544179,42.822958],[-124.552441,42.840568],[-124.500141,42.917502],[-124.480938,42.951495],[-124.462619,42.99143],[-124.456918,43.000315],[-124.436198,43.071312],[-124.432236,43.097383],[-124.434451,43.115986],[-124.424113,43.126859],[-124.401726,43.184896],[-124.395302,43.211101],[-124.395607,43.223908],[-124.38246,43.270167],[-124.388891,43.290523],[-124.393988,43.29926],[-124.400404,43.302121],[-124.402814,43.305872],[-124.387642,43.325968],[-124.373037,43.338953],[-124.353332,43.342667],[-124.341587,43.351337],[-124.315012,43.388389],[-124.286896,43.436296],[-124.255609,43.502172],[-124.233534,43.55713],[-124.203028,43.667825],[-124.204888,43.673976],[-124.198275,43.689481],[-124.193455,43.706085],[-124.168392,43.808903],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-124.142704,43.958182],[-124.133547,44.035845],[-124.122406,44.104442],[-124.125824,44.12613],[-124.117006,44.171913],[-124.114424,44.198164],[-124.115671,44.206554],[-124.111054,44.235071],[-124.108945,44.265475],[-124.109744,44.270597],[-124.114869,44.272721],[-124.115953,44.274641],[-124.1152,44.286486],[-124.10907,44.303707],[-124.108088,44.309926],[-124.109556,44.314545],[-124.100587,44.331926],[-124.092101,44.370388],[-124.084401,44.415611],[-124.080989,44.419728],[-124.071706,44.423662],[-124.067569,44.428582],[-124.073941,44.434481],[-124.079301,44.430863],[-124.082113,44.441518],[-124.082061,44.478171],[-124.084429,44.486927],[-124.083601,44.501123],[-124.076387,44.531214],[-124.067251,44.60804],[-124.06914,44.612979],[-124.082326,44.608861],[-124.084476,44.611056],[-124.065202,44.622445],[-124.065008,44.632504],[-124.058281,44.658866],[-124.060043,44.669361],[-124.070394,44.683514],[-124.063406,44.703177],[-124.059077,44.737656],[-124.066325,44.762671],[-124.075473,44.771403],[-124.074066,44.798107],[-124.066746,44.831191],[-124.063155,44.835333],[-124.054151,44.838233],[-124.048814,44.850007],[-124.032296,44.900809],[-124.025136,44.928175],[-124.025678,44.936542],[-124.023834,44.949825],[-124.015243,44.982904],[-124.004386,45.046197],[-124.004668,45.048167],[-124.00977,45.047266],[-124.017991,45.049808],[-124.015851,45.064759],[-124.012163,45.076921],[-124.006057,45.084736],[-124.004863,45.084232],[-123.989529,45.094045],[-123.975425,45.145476],[-123.968187,45.201217],[-123.972919,45.216784],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.964169,45.317026],[-123.972899,45.33689],[-123.978671,45.338854],[-124.007756,45.336813],[-124.007494,45.33974],[-123.979715,45.347724],[-123.973398,45.354791],[-123.965728,45.386242],[-123.960557,45.430778],[-123.964074,45.449112],[-123.972953,45.467513],[-123.976544,45.489733],[-123.970794,45.493507],[-123.96634,45.493417],[-123.957568,45.510399],[-123.947556,45.564878],[-123.956711,45.571303],[-123.951246,45.585775],[-123.939005,45.661923],[-123.939448,45.708795],[-123.943121,45.727031],[-123.946027,45.733249],[-123.968563,45.757019],[-123.982578,45.761815],[-123.981864,45.768285],[-123.969459,45.782371],[-123.961544,45.837101],[-123.962736,45.869974],[-123.96763,45.907807],[-123.979501,45.930389],[-123.99304,45.938842],[-123.993703,45.946431],[-123.969991,45.969139],[-123.957438,45.974469],[-123.941831,45.97566],[-123.937471,45.977306],[-123.927891,46.009564],[-123.92933,46.041978],[-123.933366,46.071672],[-123.947531,46.116131],[-123.95919,46.141675],[-123.974124,46.168798],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-124.010344,46.223514],[-124.024305,46.229256],[-124.011355,46.236223],[-124.001998,46.237316],[-123.998052,46.235327],[-123.988429,46.224132],[-123.990117,46.21763],[-123.987196,46.211521],[-123.982149,46.209662],[-123.961739,46.207916],[-123.950148,46.204097],[-123.927038,46.191617],[-123.912405,46.17945],[-123.9042,46.169293],[-123.891186,46.164778],[-123.854801,46.157342],[-123.842849,46.160529],[-123.841521,46.169824],[-123.863347,46.18235],[-123.866643,46.187674],[-123.864209,46.189527],[-123.838801,46.192211],[-123.821834,46.190293],[-123.793936,46.196283],[-123.759976,46.2073],[-123.736747,46.200687],[-123.71278,46.198751],[-123.706667,46.199665],[-123.67538,46.212401],[-123.673831,46.215418],[-123.666751,46.218228],[-123.65539,46.217974],[-123.636474,46.214359],[-123.6325,46.216681],[-123.626247,46.226434],[-123.625219,46.233868],[-123.622812,46.23664],[-123.613459,46.239228],[-123.605487,46.2393],[-123.60019,46.234814],[-123.586205,46.228654],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-123.547659,46.259109],[-123.538092,46.26061],[-123.526391,46.263404],[-123.501245,46.271004],[-123.479644,46.269131],[-123.474844,46.267831],[-123.468743,46.264531],[-123.447592,46.249832],[-123.427629,46.229348],[-123.430847,46.181827],[-123.371433,46.146372],[-123.332335,46.146132],[-123.301034,46.144632],[-123.280166,46.144843],[-123.251233,46.156452],[-123.231196,46.16615],[-123.166414,46.188973],[-123.115904,46.185268],[-123.105021,46.177676],[-123.051064,46.153599],[-123.041297,46.146351],[-123.03382,46.144336],[-123.022147,46.13911],[-123.009436,46.136043],[-123.004233,46.133823],[-122.962681,46.104817],[-122.904119,46.083734],[-122.884478,46.06028],[-122.878092,46.031281],[-122.856158,46.014469],[-122.837638,45.98082],[-122.813998,45.960984],[-122.806193,45.932416],[-122.81151,45.912725],[-122.798091,45.884333],[-122.785026,45.867699],[-122.785696,45.844216],[-122.795963,45.825024],[-122.795605,45.81],[-122.769532,45.780583],[-122.761451,45.759163],[-122.760108,45.734413],[-122.772511,45.699637],[-122.774511,45.680437],[-122.76381,45.657138],[-122.738109,45.644138],[-122.713309,45.637438],[-122.691008,45.624739],[-122.675008,45.618039],[-122.643907,45.609739],[-122.602606,45.607639],[-122.581406,45.60394],[-122.548149,45.596768],[-122.523668,45.589632],[-122.492259,45.583281],[-122.479315,45.579761],[-122.474659,45.578305],[-122.453891,45.567313],[-122.438674,45.563585],[-122.410706,45.567633],[-122.391802,45.574541],[-122.380302,45.575941],[-122.352802,45.569441],[-122.331502,45.548241],[-122.294901,45.543541],[-122.266701,45.543841],[-122.262625,45.544321],[-122.248993,45.547745],[-122.2017,45.564141],[-122.183695,45.577696],[-122.14075,45.584508],[-122.112356,45.581409],[-122.101675,45.583516],[-122.044374,45.609516],[-122.022571,45.615151],[-122.00369,45.61593],[-121.983038,45.622812],[-121.963547,45.632784],[-121.955734,45.643559],[-121.951838,45.644951],[-121.935149,45.644169],[-121.922236,45.649083]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oregon\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a90a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231357,"text":"70231357 - 1988 - Seasonal vegetation monitoring with AVHRR data for grasshopper and locust control in West Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T18:13:53.790753","indexId":"70231357","displayToPublicDate":"1988-05-01T12:48:47","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seasonal vegetation monitoring with AVHRR data for grasshopper and locust control in West Africa","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"22nd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"October 20-26, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Tappan, G.G., Howard, S.M., Loveland, T., Tyler, D.J., and Moore, D.G., 1988, Seasonal vegetation monitoring with AVHRR data for grasshopper and locust control in West Africa, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 1, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, October 20-26, 1988, p. 221-234.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://symposia.org/past_symposia.htm"}],"country":"Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              8.4814453125,\n              4.565473550710278\n            ],\n            [\n              8.5693359375,\n              4.784468966579362\n            ],\n            [\n              8.8330078125,\n              5.178482088522876\n            ],\n            [\n              8.876953125,\n              5.441022303717974\n            ],\n            [\n              8.96484375,\n              5.528510525692801\n            ],\n            [\n              8.89892578125,\n              5.8127569137510084\n            ],\n            [\n              9.60205078125,\n              6.468151012664214\n            ],\n            [\n              9.73388671875,\n              6.424483546180726\n            ],\n            [\n              9.77783203125,\n              6.751896464843375\n            ],\n            [\n              9.8876953125,\n              6.68643125265198\n            ],\n            [\n              10.1513671875,\n              6.991859181483692\n            ],\n            [\n              10.1953125,\n              6.839169626342808\n            ],\n            [\n              10.52490234375,\n              6.860985433763661\n            ],\n            [\n              10.590820312499998,\n              7.057282352971582\n            ],\n            [\n              10.7666015625,\n              6.948238638117019\n            ],\n            [\n              10.7666015625,\n              6.817352822622144\n            ],\n            [\n              10.986328125,\n              6.642782900356179\n            ],\n            [\n              11.1181640625,\n              6.5118147063479\n            ],\n            [\n              11.3818359375,\n              6.489983332670651\n            ],\n            [\n              11.557617187499998,\n              6.599130675207247\n            ],\n            [\n              11.6455078125,\n              6.839169626342808\n            ],\n            [\n              11.755371093749998,\n              7.035475652433024\n            ],\n            [\n              11.84326171875,\n              6.991859181483692\n            ],\n            [\n              11.88720703125,\n              7.297087564172005\n            ],\n            [\n              12.041015625,\n              7.471410908357838\n            ],\n            [\n              12.0849609375,\n              7.73276506272982\n            ],\n            [\n              12.2607421875,\n              7.993957436359008\n            ],\n            [\n              12.3046875,\n              8.189742344383703\n            ],\n            [\n              12.2607421875,\n              8.428904092875392\n            ],\n            [\n              12.7001953125,\n              8.581021215641854\n            ],\n            [\n              12.81005859375,\n              8.733077421211563\n            ],\n            [\n              12.94189453125,\n              9.340672181980947\n            ],\n            [\n              13.2275390625,\n              9.557417356841308\n            ],\n            [\n              13.33740234375,\n              10.055402736564236\n            ],\n            [\n              13.4912109375,\n              10.120301632173907\n            ],\n            [\n              13.623046875,\n              10.725381285457912\n            ],\n            [\n              13.95263671875,\n              11.26461221250444\n            ],\n            [\n              14.084472656249998,\n              11.199956869621811\n            ],\n            [\n              14.655761718749998,\n              11.544616463449655\n            ],\n            [\n              14.6337890625,\n              11.695272733029402\n            ],\n            [\n              14.6337890625,\n              12.232654837013484\n            ],\n            [\n              14.436035156250002,\n              12.46876014482322\n            ],\n            [\n              14.26025390625,\n              12.404388944669792\n            ],\n            [\n              14.128417968749998,\n              13.068776734357694\n            ],\n            [\n              13.6669921875,\n              13.688687769784968\n            ],\n            [\n              13.51318359375,\n              14.477234210156519\n            ],\n            [\n              13.6669921875,\n              14.477234210156519\n            ],\n            [\n              13.68896484375,\n              14.626108798876839\n            ],\n            [\n              13.82080078125,\n              14.689881366618762\n            ],\n            [\n              13.842773437499998,\n              14.88108715909066\n            ],\n            [\n              14.23828125,\n              15.517205256329813\n            ],\n            [\n              15.556640624999998,\n              16.867633616803836\n            ],\n            [\n              15.57861328125,\n              17.99963161491187\n            ],\n            [\n              15.644531250000002,\n              18.8335153964335\n            ],\n            [\n              15.776367187499998,\n              19.91138351415555\n            ],\n            [\n              16.01806640625,\n              20.282808691330054\n            ],\n            [\n              15.57861328125,\n              20.817741019786485\n            ],\n            [\n              15.644531250000002,\n              20.940919670394646\n            ],\n            [\n              15.292968749999998,\n              21.49396356306447\n            ],\n            [\n              15.205078125,\n              22.024545601240337\n            ],\n            [\n              14.985351562499998,\n              22.998851594142913\n            ],\n            [\n              14.21630859375,\n              22.654571520098994\n            ],\n            [\n              13.403320312499998,\n              23.221154981846556\n            ],\n            [\n              11.997070312499998,\n              23.52370005882413\n            ],\n            [\n              7.536621093749999,\n              20.899871347076424\n            ],\n            [\n              5.8447265625,\n              19.476950206488414\n            ],\n            [\n              4.21875,\n              19.145168196205297\n            ],\n            [\n              3.40576171875,\n              18.999802829053262\n            ],\n            [\n              3.14208984375,\n              19.16592425362802\n            ],\n            [\n              3.27392578125,\n              19.435514339097825\n            ],\n            [\n              3.27392578125,\n              19.84939395842279\n            ],\n            [\n              2.63671875,\n              20.117839630491634\n            ],\n            [\n              2.21923828125,\n              20.324023603422518\n            ],\n            [\n              1.8896484375,\n              20.282808691330054\n            ],\n            [\n              1.6259765625,\n              20.632784250388028\n            ],\n            [\n              1.29638671875,\n              20.776659051878816\n            ],\n            [\n              1.1865234375,\n              21.08450008351735\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.7900390625,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.63525390625,\n              27.332735136859146\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.701171874999998,\n              25.997549919572112\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.997070312499998,\n              25.97779895546436\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.997070312499998,\n              23.443088931121785\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.436523437499998,\n              23.32208001137843\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.6123046875,\n              23.28171917560002\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.11767578125,\n              23.019076187293035\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.1396484375,\n              22.776181505086505\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.98583984375,\n              21.309846141087192\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.94091796875,\n              21.3303150734318\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.0947265625,\n              21.04349121680354\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.0947265625,\n              20.756113874762082\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.89697265625,\n              20.940919670394646\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.63330078125,\n              20.591652120829167\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.50146484375,\n              20.653346148076064\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.3916015625,\n              20.385825381874263\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.3037109375,\n              20.20034600649375\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.50146484375,\n              19.704657579362323\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.611328125,\n              19.331878440818787\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.32568359375,\n              19.041348796589013\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.083984375,\n              18.25021997706561\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.171875,\n              18.083200903334312\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.083984375,\n              17.8742034396575\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.41357421875,\n              16.99375545289456\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.5673828125,\n              16.488764934242077\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.63330078125,\n              15.982453522973508\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.5673828125,\n              15.855673509998681\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.160644531249996,\n              15.050905707724771\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.578125,\n              14.944784875088372\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.60009765625,\n              14.647368383896632\n            ],\n            [\n              -17.24853515625,\n              14.583583455156525\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.8310546875,\n              14.030014548014327\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.72119140625,\n              13.7313809749427\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.85302734375,\n              13.410994034321702\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.85302734375,\n              12.983147716796578\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.89697265625,\n              12.64033830684679\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.7431640625,\n              12.31853594166211\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.54541015625,\n              12.08229583736359\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.34765625,\n              11.759814674441934\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.5673828125,\n              11.544616463449655\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.36962890625,\n              10.919617760254697\n            ],\n            [\n              -15.8203125,\n              10.919617760254697\n            ],\n            [\n              -15.556640624999998,\n              11.178401873711785\n            ],\n            [\n              -15.227050781249998,\n              10.746969318460001\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.897460937499998,\n              10.617418067950293\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.7216796875,\n              10.336536087082974\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.414062499999998,\n              10.098670120603392\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.128417968749998,\n              9.903921416774978\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.82080078125,\n              9.405710041600022\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.60107421875,\n              9.297306856327596\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.4912109375,\n              8.971897294083014\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.403320312499998,\n              8.363692651835823\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.07373046875,\n              7.906911616469297\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.02978515625,\n              7.536764322084078\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.865234375,\n              6.991859181483692\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.53564453125,\n              6.730075707109153\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.2939453125,\n              6.577303118123887\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.986328125,\n              6.402648405963896\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.986328125,\n              6.18424616128059\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.6787109375,\n              6.096859818887948\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.3271484375,\n              5.965753671065536\n            ],\n            [\n              -9.667968749999998,\n              5.287887414011332\n            ],\n            [\n              -9.0966796875,\n              4.850154078505659\n            ],\n            [\n              -7.71240234375,\n              4.23685605976896\n            ],\n            [\n              -7.4267578125,\n              4.214943141390651\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.78955078125,\n              4.5873761534497035\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.60302734375,\n              4.937724274302492\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.7900390625,\n              5.025282908609298\n            ],\n            [\n              -3.6474609374999996,\n              5.025282908609298\n            ],\n            [\n              -2.724609375,\n              4.872047700241915\n            ],\n            [\n              -2.021484375,\n              4.5873761534497035\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.2744140625,\n              5.025282908609298\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.72509765625,\n              5.200364681183489\n            ],\n            [\n              0.02197265625,\n              5.550380568997962\n            ],\n            [\n              0.3515625,\n              5.659718554577286\n            ],\n            [\n              0.94482421875,\n              5.725311447610156\n            ],\n            [\n              1.0107421875,\n              5.900188795584184\n            ],\n            [\n              1.60400390625,\n              6.162400921526595\n            ],\n            [\n              2.6806640625,\n              6.227933930268672\n            ],\n            [\n              3.69140625,\n              6.293458760393985\n            ],\n            [\n              4.1748046875,\n              6.293458760393985\n            ],\n            [\n              4.63623046875,\n              6.053161295714067\n            ],\n            [\n              4.9658203125,\n              5.703447982149503\n            ],\n            [\n              5.3173828125,\n              4.915832801313164\n            ],\n            [\n              5.537109374999999,\n              4.455950571647079\n            ],\n            [\n              6.0205078125,\n              4.12728532324537\n            ],\n            [\n              6.74560546875,\n              4.23685605976896\n            ],\n            [\n              8.4814453125,\n              4.565473550710278\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tappan, G. Gray 0000-0002-2240-6963 tappan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":3624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","email":"tappan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Gray","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, S. M.","contributorId":39153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyler, Dean J. 0000-0002-1542-7539 dtyler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-7539","contributorId":4268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"Dean","email":"dtyler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":842376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}