To develop a method for quantifying the vegetation of Pennsylvania-age coal beds, of four coal-ball (permineralized peat) profiles and four coal column samples from the Herrin coal bed (Kentucky No. 11) Carbondale Formation in western Kentucky were compared. An estimated 89.5% of the coal can be identified botanically. Compaction ratios for individual tissues were estimated using point counts of organic matter in coal balls. The estimated abundances of major plant groups (lycopods, ferns, sphenopsids, and pteridosperms) in coal balls differ by less than 10% compared to coal after accounting for differential compaction of plant tissues. Standard deviations in taxonomic and maceral composition among coal columns are generally less than 2%.
Consistent differences in botanical composition were found between benches showing that the method is consistent when applied to sufficient thicknesses of coal. It was not possible to make fine-scale correlations within the coal bed using the vegetational data; either the flora varied considerably from place to place or the method of quantification is unreliable for small increments of coal (5 cm or less).
In the coal, pteridosperm abundance is positively correlated with underlying shale partings. This correlation suggests that pteridosperms are favored either by higher nutrient levels or disturbance.
In the third of four benches in the Herrin coal bed, a succession from Sigillaria-containing zones to zones dominated by Lepidophloios hallii is interpreted as a shift towards wetter conditions. In the other benches, the main factors controlling the taxonomic composition appear to have been the relative abundance of nutrients and/or the frequency of disturbance as indicated by the relative abundance of partings.
Criteria for distinguishing between domed and planar swamps are discussed. These include: distribution of partings, type of plant succession, and changes in plant diversity, average plant size, preservational quality and sporinite content. The infrequency of partings in bench C suggests a peat dome developed while the peat of that bench was accumulating but other evidence either fails to support the development of a peat dome or is ambiguous. The maceral composition resembles those of other Carboniferous coals which are thought to have formed from planar peat swamps.
Formation of fusain bands appears to be associated with processes occurring above the peat surface, such as burning or prolonged oxidative exposure. Oxidation of accumulated peat is unlikely because fusain bands rarely include more than a single plant.
The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama has long been recognized as a classic example of rapid eruption of a substantial fraction of a zoned magma body. Increased knowledge of eruptive history and new chemical analyses of ∼350 wholerock and glass samples of the climactic ejecta, preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their inclusions, postcaldera lavas, and lavas of nearby monogenetic vents are used here to infer processes of chemical evolution of this late Pleistocene — Holocene magmatic system. The 6845±50 BP climactic eruption vented ∼50 km3of magma to form: (1) rhyodacite fall deposit; (2) welded rhyodacite ignimbrite; and (3) lithic breccia and zoned ignimbrite, these during collapse of Crater Lake caldera. Climactic ejecta were dominantly homogeneous rhyodacite (70.4±0.3% SiO2), followed by subordinate andesite and cumulate scoriae (48–61% SiO2). The gap in wholerock composition reflects mainly a step in crystal content because glass compositions are virtually continuous. Two types of scoriae are distinguished by different LREE, Rb, Th, and Zr, but principally by a twofold contrast in Sr content: High-Sr (HSr) and low-Sr (LSr) scoriae. HSr scoriae were erupted first. Trace element abundances indicate that HSr and LSr scoriae had different calcalkaline andesite parents; basalt was parental to some mafic cumulate scoriae. Parental magma compositions reconstructed from scoria wholerock and glass data are similar to those of inclusions in preclimactic rhyodacites and of aphyric lavas of nearby monogenetic vents.
Preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their magmatic inclusions give insight into evolution of the climactic chamber. Evolved rhyodacite flows containing LSr andesite inclusions were emplaced between ∼30000 and ∼25000 BP. At 7015±45 BP, the Llao Rock vent produced a zoned rhyodacite pumice fall, then rhyodacite lava with HSr andesite inclusions. The Cleetwood rhyodacite flow, emplaced immediately before the climactic eruption and compositionally identical to climactic rhyodacite (volatile-free), contains different HSr inclusions from Llao Rock. The change from LSr to HSr inclusions indicates replenishment of the chamber with andesite magma, perhaps several times, in the latest Pleistocene to early Holocene.
Modeling calculations and wholerock-glass relations suggest than: (1) magmas were derived mainly by crystallization differentiation of andesite liquid; (2) evolved preclimactic rhyodacite probably was derived from LSr andesite; (3) rhyodacites contain a minor component of partial melt from wall rocks, and (4) climactic and compositionally similar rhyodacites probably formed by mixing of evolved rhyodacite with HSr derivative liquid(s) after replenishment of the chamber with HSr andesite magma. Density considerations permit a model for growth and evolution of the chamber in which andesite recharge magma ponded repeatedly between cumulates and rhyodacite magma. Convective cooling of this andesite resulted in rapid crystallization and upward escape of buoyant derivative liquid which mixed with overlying, convecting rhyodacite. The evolved rhyodacites were erupted early in the chamber's history and(or) near its margins. Postcaldera andesite lavas may be hybrids composed of LSr cumulates mixed with remnant climactic rhyodacite. Younger postcaldera rhyodacite probably formed by fractionation of similar andesite and assimilation of partial melts of wallrocks.
Uniformity of climactic rhyodacite suggests homogeneous silicic ejecta from other volcanoes resulted from similar replenishment-driven convective mixing. Calcalkaline pluton compositions and their internal zonation can be interpreted in terms of the Mazama system frozen at various times in its history.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00402114","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., and Druitt, T.H., 1988, Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 224-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Mazama, Crater Lake","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f937e4b0c8380cd4d4db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014351,"text":"70014351 - 1988 - Origin of ultramafic xenoliths containing exsolved pyroxenes from Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-26T21:33:28.110339","indexId":"70014351","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of ultramafic xenoliths containing exsolved pyroxenes from Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii, is best known for the abundant and varied xenoliths included in the historic 1800 Kaupulehu alkalic basalt flow. Xenoliths, which range in composition from dunite to anorthosite, are concentrated at 915-m elevation in the flow. Rare cumulate ultramafic xenoliths, which include websterite, olivine websterite, wehrlite, and clinopyroxenite, display complex pyroxene exsolution textures that indicate slow cooling. Websterite, olivine websterite, and one wehrlite are spinel-bearing orthopyroxene +olivine cumulates with intercumulus clinopyroxene +plagioclase. Two wehrlite samples and clinopyroxenite are spinel-bearing olivine cumulates with intercumulus clinopyroxene+orthopyroxene + plagioclase. Two-pyroxene geothermometry calculations, based on reconstructed pyroxene compositions, indicate that crystallization temperatures range from 1225° to 1350° C. Migration or unmixing of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene stopped between 1045° and 1090° C. Comparisons of the abundance of K2O in plagioclase and the abundances of TiO2 and Fe2O3in spinel of xenoliths and mid-ocean ridge basalt, and a single 87Sr/ 86Sr determination, indicate that these Hualalai xenoliths are unrelated to mid-ocean ridge basalt. Similarity between the crystallization sequence of these xenoliths and the experimental crystallization sequence of a Hawaiian olivine tholeiite suggest that the parental magma of the xenoliths is Hualalai tholeiitic basalt. Xenoliths probably crystallized between about 4.5 and 9 kb. The 155°–230° C of cooling which took place over about 120 ka — the age of the youngest Hualalai tholeiitic basalt — yield maximum cooling rates of 1.3×10−3–1.91×10−3 °C/yr. Hualalai ultramafic xenoliths with exsolved pyroxenes crystallized from Hualalai tholeiitic basalt and accumulated in a magma reservoir located between 13 and 28 km below sealevel. We suspect that this reservoir occurs just below the base of the oceanic crust at about 19 km below sealevelz
Over 5% of heat in the western United States is lost through Quaternary silicic volcanic centers, including the Valles caldera in north central New Mexico. These centers are the sites of major hydrothermal activity and upper crustal metamorphism, metasomatism, and mineralization, producing associated geothermal resources. We present new heat flow data from Valles caldera core hole 1 (VC-1), drilled in the southwestern margin of the Valles caldera. Thermal conductivities were measured on 55 segments of core from VC-1, waxed and wrapped to preserve fluids. These values were combined with temperature gradient data to calculate heat flow. Above 335 m, which is probably unsaturated, heat flow is 247±16 mW m−2. The only deep temperature information available is from an uncalibrated commercial log made 19 months after drilling. Gradients, derived from uncalibrated temperature logs, and conductivities are inversely correlated between 335 and 737 m, indicating a conductive thermal regime, and component heat fluxes over three depth intervals (335–539 m, 549–628 m, and 628–737 m) are in excellent agreement with each other with an average of 504±15 mW m−2. Temperature logs to 518 m depth with well-calibrated temperature sensors result in a revised heat flow of 463±15 mW m. We use shallow thermal gradient data from 75 other sites in and around the caldera to interpret the thermal regime at the VC-1 site. A critical review of published thermal conductivity data from the Valles caldera yields an average thermal conductivity of ≥1 W m−1 K−1 for the near-surface tuffaceous material, and we assume that shallow gradient values (°C km−1) are approximately numerically equal to heat flow (mW m−2). Heat loss from the caldera is asymmetrically distributed, with higher values (400 mW m−2 or higher) concentrated in the west-southwestern quadrant of the caldera. This quadrant also contains the main drainage from the caldera and the youngest volcanism associated with the caldera. We interpret the shallow thermal gradient data and the thermal regime at VC-1 to indicate a long-lived hydrothermal (and magmatic) system in the southwestern Valles caldera that has been maintained through the generation of shallow magma bodies during the long postcollapse history of the caldera. High heat flow at the VC-1 site is interpreted to result from hot water circulating below the base of the core hole, and we attribute the lower heat flow in the unsaturated zone to hydrologic recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB06p06027","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., and Morgan, P., 1988, Conductive heat flux in VC-1 and the thermal regime of Valles caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B6, p. 6027-6039, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB06p06027.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6027","endPage":"6039","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9b9e4b0c8380cd4d753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":369067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, P.","contributorId":34096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014466,"text":"70014466 - 1988 - Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal, by high-precision 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectrum techniques on muscovite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T16:27:52.234009","indexId":"70014466","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal, by high-precision 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectrum techniques on muscovite","title":"Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal, by high-precision 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectrum techniques on muscovite","docAbstract":"40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectrum dates for 13 muscovites have been used to reconstruct the thermal history (thermochronology) of the Panasqueira, Portugal, tin-tungsten deposit, a deposit spatially associated with a belt of Hercynian plutons. Muscovite samples with an age difference as small as 2.2 m.y. (0.7% of the age) are statistically distinct. Statistics are even better for comparison of multiple samples from separate events; that is, a difference of 0.9 m.y. (0.3%) can be resolved in this approximately 300-m.y.-old deposit. The major tin and tungsten ore-forming stages, which are the oxide-silicate stage, the main sulfide stage, and greisenization, occurred between 296.3 + or - 0.8 (1 Sigma ) and 291.6 + or - 0.8 m.y. (1 Sigma ). The first substage of the oxide-silicate stage was a short-lived thermal pulse at 296.3 + or - 0.6 m.y.; the fluids responsible may have emanated from the known granite cupola. The main sulfide stage was active at 294.5 + or - 0.9 m.y. as a slightly longer lived pulse with oldest evidence for this stage (295.8 + or - 0.6 m.y.) coming from areas farthest away from the known cupola and youngest evidence (293.5 + or - 0.8 m.y.) closest to the cupola. A second substage of the oxide-silicate stage occurred as a short-lived thermal pulse at 292.9 + or - 0.7 m.y., synchronous with greisenization of the cupola and alteration of the silica cap at 292.1 + or - 0.4 m.y. The duration of activity of the oxide-silicate stage, the main sulfide stage, greisenization, and alteration of the silica cap based on the ages of all 13 muscovites was greater than 4.2 + or - 0.5 m.y. (1 Sigma ). Minor argon loss from all dated muscovites occurred during later reheating, probably during the longer lived pyrrhotite alteration stage. A single center, the known cupola, had a prolonged role and was the source for main sulfide stage, oxide-silicate stage II, greisenization, and alteration of the silica cap and possibly oxide-silicate stage I and the pyrrhotite alteration stage; however, a separate source for these latter two stages cannot be ruled out.This study is an example of a new and powerful application of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectrum dating of muscovite. Because of the high precision demonstrated in this study, it is now possible to establish time constraints necessary for solving some of the long-standing problems in economic geology. Beyond this, the unique geologic situation of Panasqueira has allowed us to quantify the thermal characteristics of muscovite. Published fluid inclusion data have been used to estimate a muscovite argon closure temperature of approximately 325 degrees C during rapid cooling or short reheating and a temperature of approximately 270 degrees C during slow cooling or extended reheating. Argon-loss patterns displayed by all dated muscovites resulted from reheating after original closure; the mechanism for this argon loss appears to have been argon transport by volume diffusion. Thus, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectrum dating of muscovite can be used to evaluate thermal conditions controlling argon diffusion as well as age, duration, and number of episodes of mineralization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.335","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Snee, L., Sutter, J.F., and Kelly, W., 1988, Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal, by high-precision 40Ar/ 39Ar age spectrum techniques on muscovite: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 2, p. 335-354, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.335.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb26be4b08c986b3257bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, W.C.","contributorId":53963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014427,"text":"70014427 - 1988 - Three decades of geochronologic studies in the New England Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T00:47:23.85719","indexId":"70014427","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three decades of geochronologic studies in the New England Appalachians","docAbstract":"Over the past 30 years, both isotope geochronology and plate tectonics grew from infancy into authoritative disciplines in the geological sciences. Previously, mountain systems like the Appalachians had been viewed almost entirely in the context of the classical geosyncline, implying a gradualism in stratigraphic and structural change throughout the orogen. Age control, determined largely from distant fossiliferous strata, was unabashedly carried to high-grade metamorphic rocks based only on lithological correlations. With the new concepts in tectonics came the realization that abrupt breaks in stratigraphy and structure occur in many cases at the boundaries of lithotectonic zones. Fortunately, the new techniques of isotope geochronology could be brought to bear directly on the rocks of the immediate study area. This paper chronicles some of the major contributions to the geology of the New England Appalachians that resulted from these efforts during the past three decades.
In tracing the history of geochronologic research, one encounters an increasingly sophisticated approach to the analytical and interpretive aspects of the discipline. Today, the geochronologist can, under optimum conditions, constrain the age of stratigraphic units, igneous activity, deformation, and metamorphism with accuracy that is capable of resolving fine structure within individual orogenic pulses. He participates in full partnership with other colleagues of the science in unravelling the mysteries of mountain building. Several of the topical problems of New England geology in which geochronology played a key role include (1) the recognition and delineation of Avalonia as a Late Proterozoic eastern basement distinct from more western terranes, (2) the dating of the White Mountain Plutonic-Volcanic Suite, a Mesozoic igneous event spanning 100 m.y., and (3) the temporal and spatial separation of structural and metamorphic features imprinted by the Taconic and Acadian orogenies.
The existing geochronology is summarized into a map and table emphasizing the temporal construction of the New England Appalachians. By using lithotectonic zones as the building blocks of the orogen, seven such zones are defined in terms of pre-, syn-, and post-assembly geologic history. From west to east, these lithotectonic zones are (1) Berkshire-Green Mountain, (2) Rowe-Hawley, (3) Connecticut Valley, (4) Bronson Hill, (5) Kearsarge-Central Maine, (6) Tatnic Hill-Nashoba, and (7) Avalonia. Avalonia is further divided into three subzones, Hope Valley, Esmond-Dedham, and Penobscot Bay, which themselves may have had distinct origins and assembly histories. The boundaries between these zones are faults in most cases, some of which may have had recurring movement to further complicate any plate-tectonic scenario.
A delineation of underlying Grenvillian, Chain Lakes, and Avalonian basement is also attempted, which now can make use of isotopes in igneous rocks as petrogenetic indicators to supplement the rare occurrences of basement outcrop within mobile zones of the orogen. The belt of Permian thermal disturbance within the Kearsarge-Central Maine zone is hypothesized to reflect rapid rebound following compressional thickening of underlying Avalonian basement during the Alleghanian orogeny.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1168:TDOGSI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R., 1988, Three decades of geochronologic studies in the New England Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, no. 8, p. 1168-1180, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1168:TDOGSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1168","endPage":"1180","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 37.399849628117494\n ],\n [\n -69.51076835992886,\n 37.399849628117494\n ],\n [\n -69.51076835992886,\n 45.732269412431236\n ],\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 45.732269412431236\n ],\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 37.399849628117494\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb307e4b08c986b325b34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014331,"text":"70014331 - 1988 - Composition of massive sulfide deposits from the sediment-covered floor of Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge: implications for depositional processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014331","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of massive sulfide deposits from the sediment-covered floor of Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge: implications for depositional processes","docAbstract":"Massive sulfide deposits with two distinct compositions are spatially related to volcanic edifices that penetrate up to 500 m of turbiditic sediment in Escanaba Trough (ET), southern Gorda Ridge. The mineralogy, metal content, sulfur isotope composition, and hydrocarbon content of massive sulfides from ET reflect the extensive interaction between underlying turbiditic sediment and hydrothermal fluid. Pyrrhotite-rich sulfide mounds are inferred to have formed under gentle temperature and chemical gradients related to diffuse, low-velocity flow through disrupted sediment near the sediment-capped hills.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Seafloor Hydrothermal Mineralization","conferenceDate":"5 February 1987 through 6 February 1987","conferenceLocation":"Montreal, Que, Can","language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., Shanks, W.C., Bohrson, W.A., and Oscarson, R.L., 1988, Composition of massive sulfide deposits from the sediment-covered floor of Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge: implications for depositional processes: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 26 pt 3, p. 655-673.","startPage":"655","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26 pt 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f929e4b0c8380cd4d48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":53432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohrson, Wendy A.","contributorId":55024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrson","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013934,"text":"70013934 - 1988 - Composition and stable-isotope geochemistry of natural gases from Kansas, Midcontinent, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:55:17","indexId":"70013934","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition and stable-isotope geochemistry of natural gases from Kansas, Midcontinent, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"More than 28??1012 ft.3 (79??1010 m3) of natural gas and 5.3??109 bbl (8.4??108 m3) of oil have been produced in Kansas, U.S.A., from Paleozoic carbonate and sandstone reservoirs on structural uplifts and shallow embayments along the northern margin of the Anadarko basin. A heavily-explored, geologically well-characterized state, Kansas is an excellent place to study hydrocarbon migration and to test geochemical models for the origin of natural gases. Immature to marginally-mature rocks of eastern Kansas (Cherokee and Forest City basins) produce mixed microbial and thermogenic gases. Gases in this region have wetness = 0.03-51%, methane ??13C = -65 to -43??? and methane ??D = -260 to -150???. Gases from central and western Kansas (Nemaha uplift to Hugoton embayment) are entirely thermogenic and have wetness =4-51%, methane ??13C = -48 to -39??? and methane ??D = -195 to -140???. Ethane and propane ??13C-values throughout Kansas vary from -38 to -28??? and from -35 to -24???, respectively. Mature thermogenic gas (generated from source rocks in southwestern Kansas and the Anadarko basin with 1.0% ??? Ro ??? 1.4%) is recognized throughout the state. Lateral migration into shallow reservoirs on the Central Kansas and northern Nemaha uplifts and in the Cherokee basin probably occurred along basal Pennsylvanian conglomerates and weathered Lower Paleozoic carbonates at the regional sub-Pennsylvanian unconformity. Early thermogenic gas (generated by local source rocks with Ro ??? 0.7%) is recognized in isolated fields in the Salina and Forest City basins, in Ordovician reservoirs beneath the sub-Pennsylvanian unconformity in the Cherokee basin, and in reservoirs generally above the unconformity in the Cherokee and Sedgwick basins, the eastern Central Kansas uplift and the Hugoton embayment. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(88)90110-6","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Jenden, P., Newell, K., Kaplan, I., and Watney, W., 1988, Composition and stable-isotope geochemistry of natural gases from Kansas, Midcontinent, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 71, no. 1-3, p. 117-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90110-6.","startPage":"117","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266093,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90110-6"},{"id":225543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f922e4b0c8380cd4d45a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenden, P.D.","contributorId":61176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenden","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newell, K.D.","contributorId":76473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplan, I.R.","contributorId":24086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watney, W.L.","contributorId":43087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014148,"text":"70014148 - 1988 - Methane cycling in the sediments of Lake Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T14:16:14","indexId":"70014148","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane cycling in the sediments of Lake Washington","docAbstract":"About half of the methane flux from depth is oxidized to CO2 in the upper 0.7 cm of the sediments and the remainder escapes into the water column. In terms of the total carbon budget of the lake, the upward flux of methane is insignificant with only about 2% of the carbon fixed by primary production being returned as methane. The upward flux of methane, however, does represent about 20% of the organic carbon decomposed within the sediments. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and OCeanography","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., Murray, J., Devol, A., Lidstrom, M., and Reimers, C., 1988, Methane cycling in the sediments of Lake Washington: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 33, no. 4, p. 571-581.","startPage":"571","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267944,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_33/issue_4/0571.pdf"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5523e4b0c8380cd6d137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, J.W.","contributorId":53540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devol, A.H.","contributorId":16171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devol","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reimers, C.E.","contributorId":85730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimers","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014135,"text":"70014135 - 1988 - Distribution of selected trace and major elements around the massive sulfide deposit at the Penn mine, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T16:21:12.679403","indexId":"70014135","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of selected trace and major elements around the massive sulfide deposit at the Penn mine, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.419","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., 1988, Distribution of selected trace and major elements around the massive sulfide deposit at the Penn mine, California: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 2, p. 419-427, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.419.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225686,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0300e4b0c8380cd502c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, J.A.","contributorId":76308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013693,"text":"70013693 - 1988 - Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70013693","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile","docAbstract":"Fifteen andesite-dacite stratovolcanoes on the volcanic front of a single segment of the Andean arc show along-arc changes in isotopic and elemental ratios that demonstrate large crustal contributions to magma genesis. All 15 centers lie 90 km above the Benioff zone and 280??20 km from the trench axis. Rate and geometry of subduction and composition and age of subducted sediments and seafloor are nearly constant along the segment. Nonetheless, from S to N along the volcanic front (at 57.5% SiO2) K2O rises from 1.1 to 2.4 wt %, Ba from 300 to 600 ppm, and Ce from 25 to 50 ppm, whereas FeO*/MgO declines from >2.5 to 1.4. Ce/Yb and Hf/Lu triple northward, in part reflecting suppression of HREE enrichment by deep-crustal garnet. Rb, Cs, Th, and U contents all rise markedly from S to N, but Rb/Cs values double northward - opposite to prediction were the regional alkali enrichment controlled by sediment subduction. K/Rb drops steeply and scatters greatly within many (biotite-free) andesitic suites. Wide diversity in Zr/Hf, Zr/Rb, Ba/Ta, and Ba/La within and among neighboring suites (which lack zircon and alkali feldspar) largely reflects local variability of intracrustal (not slab or mantle) contributions. Pb-isotope data define a limited range that straddles the Stacey-Kramers line, is bracketed by values of local basement rocks, in part plots above the field of Nazca plate sediment, and shows no indication of a steep (mantle+sedimentary) Pb mixing trend. 87Sr/86Sr values rise northward from 0.7036 to 0.7057, and 143Nd/144Nd values drop from 0.5129 to 0.5125. A northward climb in basal elevation of volcanic-front edifices from 1350 m to 4500 m elevation coincides with a Bougueranomaly gradient from -95 to -295 mgal, interpreted to indicate thickening of the crust from 30-35 km to 50-60 km. Complementary to the thickening crust, the mantle wedge beneath the front thins northward from about 60 km to 30-40 km (as slab depth is constant). The thick northern crust contains an abundance of Paleozoic and Triassic rocks, whereas the proportion of younger arc-intrusive basement increases southward. Primitive basalts are unknown anywhere along the arc. Base-level isotopic and chemical values for each volcano are established by blending of subcrustal and deep-crustal magmas in zones of melting, assimilation, storage and homogenization (MASH) at the mantle-crust transition. Scavenging of mid-to upper-crustal silicic-alkalic melts and intracrustal AFC (prominent at the largest center) can subsequently modify ascending magmas, but the base-level geochemical signature at each center reflects the depth of its MASH zone and the age, composition, and proportional contribution of the lowermost crust. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00372365","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Moorbath, S., 1988, Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 4, p. 455-489, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372365.","startPage":"455","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372365"},{"id":220388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcdae4b0c8380cd4e47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moorbath, S.","contributorId":49516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorbath","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013764,"text":"70013764 - 1988 - Acoustic stratigraphy and hydrothermal activity within Epi Submarine Caldera, Vanuatu, New Hebrides Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013764","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic stratigraphy and hydrothermal activity within Epi Submarine Caldera, Vanuatu, New Hebrides Arc","docAbstract":"Geological and geophysical surveys of active submarine volcanoes offshore and southeast of Epi Island, Vanuatu, New Hebrides Arc, have delineated details of the structure and acoustic stratigraphy of three volcanic cones. These submarine cones, named Epia, Epib, and Epic, are aligned east-west and spaced 3.5 km apart on the rim of a submerged caldera. At least three acoustic sequences, of presumed Quaternary age, can be identified on single-channel seismic-reflection profiles. Rocks dredged from these cones include basalt, dacite, and cognate gabbroic inclusions with magmatic affinities similar to those of the Karua (an active submarine volcano off the southeastern tip of Epi) lavas. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02326088","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Greene, H., and Exon, N., 1988, Acoustic stratigraphy and hydrothermal activity within Epi Submarine Caldera, Vanuatu, New Hebrides Arc: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 8, no. 3, p. 121-129, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02326088.","startPage":"121","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326088"},{"id":219879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a0e4b0c8380cd47542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Exon, N.F.","contributorId":72387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Exon","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013796,"text":"70013796 - 1988 - Statistical methods for investigating quiescence and other temporal seismicity patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70013796","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical methods for investigating quiescence and other temporal seismicity patterns","docAbstract":"We propose a statistical model and a technique for objective recognition of one of the most commonly cited seismicity patterns:microearthquake quiescence. We use a Poisson process model for seismicity and define a process with quiescence as one with a particular type of piece-wise constant intensity function. From this model, we derive a statistic for testing stationarity against a 'quiescence' alternative. The large-sample null distribution of this statistic is approximated from simulated distributions of appropriate functionals applied to Brownian bridge processes. We point out the restrictiveness of the particular model we propose and of the quiescence idea in general. The fact that there are many point processes which have neither constant nor quiescent rate functions underscores the need to test for and describe nonuniformity thoroughly. We advocate the use of the quiescence test in conjunction with various other tests for nonuniformity and with graphical methods such as density estimation. ideally these methods may promote accurate description of temporal seismicity distributions and useful characterizations of interesting patterns. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879003","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Matthews, M., and Reasenberg, P., 1988, Statistical methods for investigating quiescence and other temporal seismicity patterns: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 126, no. 2-4, p. 357-372, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879003.","startPage":"357","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205035,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879003"},{"id":220450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9731e4b08c986b31b934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matthews, M.V.","contributorId":70920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013814,"text":"70013814 - 1988 - Internal tides and sediment movement on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70013814","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal tides and sediment movement on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains","docAbstract":"Internal tidal currents are the likely cause of erosional features such as current ripples, sand waves, and truncated bedding horizons on the sediment cap of Horizon Guyot. Current meter data obtained over a 9 month period in 1983-1984 at about 213 m above the guyot show that the tidal currents are anomalously strong for mid-oceanic depths, probably the result of topographically induced generation of internal tidal waves. An analysis of the initiation of motion of the foraminiferal sand by the internal tidal currents indicates that these currents, particularly during the months of March-May, are likely to transport the surficial sediment and generate the observed bedforms. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02238001","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D., Schwab, W.C., Noble, M., and Tate, G., 1988, Internal tides and sediment movement on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 8, no. 1, p. 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238001.","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238001"},{"id":219823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d31e4b0c8380cd63397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, M.","contributorId":15340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, G.","contributorId":27603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013811,"text":"70013811 - 1988 - Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T01:03:37.70955","indexId":"70013811","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1214,"text":"Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data","docAbstract":"To resolve confusion due to expression of isotopic data from different laboratories on non-corresponding scales, oxygen isotope analyses of all substances can be expressed relative to VSMOW or VPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) on scales normalized such that the δ18O of SLAP is −55.5% relative to VSMOW.
H3+ contribution in hydrogen isotope ratio analysis can be easily determined using two gaseous reference samples that differ greatly in deuterium content.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(88)90042-5","issn":"01689622","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T., 1988, Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data: Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section, v. 72, no. 4, p. 293-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(88)90042-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67c5e4b0c8380cd734a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013815,"text":"70013815 - 1988 - Asymptotic Rayleigh instantaneous unit hydrograph","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70013815","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3479,"text":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asymptotic Rayleigh instantaneous unit hydrograph","docAbstract":"The instantaneous unit hydrograph for a channel network under general linear routing and conditioned on the network magnitude, N, tends asymptotically, as N grows large, to a Rayleigh probability density function. This behavior is identical to that of the width function of the network, and is proven under the assumption that the network link configuration is topologically random and the link hydraulic and geometric properties are independent and identically distributed random variables. The asymptotic distribution depends only on a scale factor, {Mathematical expression}, where ?? is a mean link wave travel time. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01544196","issn":"09311955","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Karlinger, M., 1988, Asymptotic Rayleigh instantaneous unit hydrograph: Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, v. 2, no. 1, p. 73-78, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544196.","startPage":"73","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204975,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544196"},{"id":219824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee99e4b0c8380cd49e59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013816,"text":"70013816 - 1988 - Erosion and slope instability on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70013816","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion and slope instability on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains","docAbstract":"Seismic-reflection profiles, sediment cores, and current velocities were assessed to study the impact of erosion and sediment redistribution on the pelagic sediment cap of Horizon Guyot, a flat-topped submarine volcanic ridge in the Mid-Pacific Mountains. These processes seem to concentrate their effect around the rim of the sediment cap. Sediment slumping occurs on the northwest perimeter of the guyot's sediment cap. Slope stability analysis suggests that if overconsolidation on Horizon Guyot is the result of current reworking or if local undercutting by bottom currents steepens the sea floor declivity, the sediment cap may be unstable during infrequent earthquake loading, transporting sediment from the guyot summit to the abyssal sea floor. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02238000","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Lee, H., Kayen, R.E., Quinterno, P., and Tate, G.B., 1988, Erosion and slope instability on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 8, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238000.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238000"},{"id":219825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a37e4b0c8380cd52256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinterno, P. J.","contributorId":65465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinterno","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tate, G. B.","contributorId":46119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013817,"text":"70013817 - 1988 - Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:53:37.222328","indexId":"70013817","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow","docAbstract":"Various concepts have been proposed or used in the development of Theological models for debris flow. The earliest model developed by Bagnold was based on the concept of the “dispersive” pressure generated by grain collisions. Bagnold's concept appears to be theoretically sound, but his empirical model has been found to be inconsistent with most theoretical models developed from non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics. Although the generality of Bagnold's model is still at issue, debris‐flow modelers in Japan have generally accepted Takahashi's formulas derived from Bagnold's model. Some efforts have recently been made by theoreticians in non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics to modify or improve Bagnold's concept or model. A viable rheological model should consist both of a rate‐independent part and a ratedependent part. A generalized viscoplastic fluid (GVF) model that has both parts as well as two major rheological properties (i.e., the normal stress effect and soil yield criterion) is shown to be sufficiently accurate, yet practical, for general use in debris‐flow modeling. In fact, Bagnold's model is found to be only a particular case of the GVF model. Analytical solutions for (steady) uniform debris flows in wide channels are obtained from the GVF model based on Bagnold's simplified assumption of constant grain concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:3(237)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1988, Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 3, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:3(237).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a144ae4b0c8380cd549a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69537,"text":"hu21 - 1988 - Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T19:19:37.397831","indexId":"hu21","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":319,"text":"Hydrologic Unit","code":"HU","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/hu21","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit 21, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 37.87 x 21.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/hu21.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 37.87 x 21.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420200,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013813,"text":"70013813 - 1988 - Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:11:14.614081","indexId":"70013813","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"Vadose cements in the Late Pleistocene Miami Limestone contain regions with two-phase aqueous fluid inclusions that have consistent vapor to liquid (V-L) ratios. When heated, these seemingly primary inclusions homogenize to a liquid phase in a range between 75°C and 130°C (mean = 100°C) and have final melting temperatures between −0.3° and 0.0°C. The original distribution of Th was broadened during measurements because of fluid inclusion reequilibration. The narrow range of Th in these fluid inclusions suggest unusually consistent V-L ratios. They occur with small, obscure, single phase liquid-filled inclusions, which infer a low temperature origin (less than 60°C), and contradict the higher temperature origin implied by the two phase inclusions.
The diagenetic environment producing these seemingly primary fluid inclusions can be inferred from the origin of the host calcite enclosing them. The δ18O composition of these cements (−4 to−5.5%., PDB) and the fresh water in the fluid inclusions are consistent with precipitation from low-temperature meteoric water. The carbon-isotope composition of the vadose cements that contain only rare two-phase fluid inclusions are comparable to the host rock matrix (δ13C between 0 and +4%., PDB). Cements that contain common two-phase fluid-inclusions have a distinctly lighter carbon isotopic composition of −3 to −5%.. The carbon isotope composition of cements that contain common two-phase inclusions are about 6%. lighter than those of other vadose cements; models of early meteoric diagenesis indicate that this is the result of precipitation from water that has been influenced by soil gas CO2.
Our hypothesis is that the primary fluid inclusions, those with consistent V-L ratios and the single-phase liquid inclusions, form at near-surface temperature (25°C) and pressure when consistent proportions of soil gas and meteoric water percolating through the vadose zone are trapped within elongate vacuoles.
This study corroborates that Th measurements on two phase inclusions in vadose cements can be misleading evidence of thermal diagenesis, even if the measurements are well grouped.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90256-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., and Halley, R.B., 1988, Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1019-1025, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90256-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1025","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1277e4b0c8380cd542fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014385,"text":"70014385 - 1988 - Isotopic evidence for organic matter oxidation by manganese reduction in the formation of stratiform manganese carbonate ore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:25:52.510351","indexId":"70014385","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic evidence for organic matter oxidation by manganese reduction in the formation of stratiform manganese carbonate ore","docAbstract":"Unlike other marine-sedimentary manganese ore deposits, which are largely composed of manganese oxides, the primary ore at Molango (Hidalgo State, Mexico) is exclusively manganese carbonate (rhodochrosite, Mn-calcite, kutnahorite). Stable isotope studies of the carbonates from Molango provide critical new information relevant to the controversy over syngenetic and diagenetic models of stratiform manganese deposit formation.
Negative δ13C values for carbonates from mineralized zones at Molango are strongly correlated with manganese content both on a whole rock scale and by mineral species. Whole rock δ13C data fall into three groups: high-grade ore = −16.4 to −11.5%.; manganese-rich, sub-ore-grade = −5.2 to 0%.; and unmineralized carbonates = 0 to +2.5%. (PDB). δ18O data show considerable overlap in values among the three groups: +4.8 to −2.8, −5.4 to −0.3%., and −7.4 to +6.2 (PDB), respectively. Isotopic data for individual co-existing minerals suggest a similar separation of δ13C values: δ13C values from calcite range from −1.1 to +0.7%. (PDB), whereas values from rhodochrosite are very negative, −12.9 to −5.5%., and values from kutnahorite or Mn-calcite are intermediate between calcite and rhodochrosite.
13C data are interpreted to indicate that calcite (i.e. unmineralized carbonate) formed from a normal marine carbon reservoir. However, 13C data for the manganese-bearing carbonates suggest a mixed seawater and organic source of carbon. The presence of only trace amounts of pyrite suggests sulfate reduction may have played a minor part in oxidizing organic matter. It is possible that manganese reduction was the predominant reaction that oxidized organic matter and that it released organic-derived CO2 to produce negative δ13C values and manganese carbonate mineralization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90036-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Okita, P., Maynard, J., Spiker, E., and Force, E.R., 1988, Isotopic evidence for organic matter oxidation by manganese reduction in the formation of stratiform manganese carbonate ore: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 11, p. 2679-2685, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90036-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2679","endPage":"2685","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3face4b0c8380cd64709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okita, P.M.","contributorId":63031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okita","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maynard, J.B.","contributorId":9007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maynard","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiker, E.C.","contributorId":103275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014263,"text":"1014263 - 1988 - Effect of dietary propylene glycol on growth, survival, histology, and carcass composition of Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:27:38.542311","indexId":"1014263","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of dietary propylene glycol on growth, survival, histology, and carcass composition of Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, or 25% propylene glycol (a compound used to maintain high dietary moisture levels) to determine beneficial or detrimental effects. Weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were better for fish fed the diets containing 5–15% propylene glycol than in those fed diets containing either 0 (control) or 25% propylene glycol. No histological aberrations were noted in fish from any treatment. These results indicate that propylene glycol can effectively be used to elevate moisture level in diets for Atlantic salmon and may enhance diet palatability by improving texture, flavor, or moisture content.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050%3C0012:EODPGO%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1988, Effect of dietary propylene glycol on growth, survival, histology, and carcass composition of Atlantic salmon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 50, no. 1, p. 12-15, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050%3C0012:EODPGO%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}