Effects of eugenol (AQUI-S®20E, 10% active eugenol) sedation on cool water, yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill), and warm water, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fish metabolic rates were assessed. Both species were exposed to 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L−1 eugenol using static respirometry. In 17°C water and loading densities of 60, 120 and 240 g L−1, yellow perch controls (0 mg L−1 eugenol) had metabolic rates of 329.6–400.0 mg O2 kg−1 h−1, while yellow perch exposed to 20 and 30 mg L−1 eugenol had significantly reduced metabolic rates of 258.4–325.6 and 189.1–271.0 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 respectively. Nile tilapia exposed to 30 mg L−1 eugenol had a significantly reduced metabolic rate (424.5 ± 42.3 mg O2 kg−1 h−1) relative to the 0 mg L−1 eugenol control (546.6 ± 53.5 mg O2 kg−1 h−1) at a loading density of 120 g L−1 in 22°C water. No significant differences in metabolic rates for Nile tilapia were found at 240 or 360 g L−1 loading densities when exposed to eugenol. Results suggest that eugenol sedation may benefit yellow perch welfare at high densities (e.g. live transport) due to a reduction in metabolic rates, while further research is needed to assess the benefits of eugenol sedation on Nile tilapia at high loading densities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/are.12485","usgsCitation":"Cupp, A.R., Hartleb, C.F., Fredricks, K., and Gaikowski, M.P., 2016, Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities: Aquaculture Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 234-242, https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12485.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"242","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053888","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12485","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287957,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.12485"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7696e4b0abf75cf2bfb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartleb, Christopher F.","contributorId":75855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartleb","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":5163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim T.","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045254,"text":"ds760 - 2016 - Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-22T23:06:15.14091","indexId":"ds760","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"760","title":"Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"A database of borehole geophysical logs and other types of data files were compiled as part of ongoing studies of water availability and assessment of brackish- and saline-water resources. The database contains 4,883 logs from 1,248 wells in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, and from a limited number of offshore wells of the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The logs can be accessed through a download directory organized by state and county for onshore wells and in a single directory for the offshore wells. A flat file database is provided that lists the wells, their coordinates, and the file listings.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds760","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.J., Raines, J.E., and Lanning, A.E., 2016, Geophysical log database for the Floridan aquifer system and southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, \nand South Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 760, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds760.","productDescription":"Report: v, 12 p.; Geophysical Log Database; List of Wells in Database; List of Files in Database; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/"},{"id":270573,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_WellListRevision1.xls","text":"List of Wells (Excel)","size":"475 KB"},{"id":270570,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/pdf/ds760.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 760"},{"id":270574,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads","text":"State Data Files"},{"id":270575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/images/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":331292,"rank":9,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/versionHist.txt","size":"3.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":331324,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_WellListRevision1.csv","text":"List of Wells (CSV)","size":"189 KB"},{"id":331302,"rank":10,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/Readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":270572,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_FileListRevision1.xls","text":"List of Files (Excel)","size":"1.69 MB"},{"id":331323,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/760/Downloads/FILES/LogDB_FileListRevision1.csv","text":"List of Files (CSV)","size":"882 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.0,24.0 ], [ -89.0,34.0 ], [ -79.0,34.0 ], [ -79.0,24.0 ], [ -89.0,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted April 4, 2013; Version 1.1: December 30, 2016","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
Production and management variables such as carbon dioxide (CO2) level, water velocity, and feeding frequency influence the growth and fillet attributes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as cost of production. More information is needed to determine the contributions of these variables to growth and fillet attributes to find the right balance between input costs and fish performance. Two studies, of 84 and 90 days duration, were conducted to determine the effects of CO2 level, water velocity, and feed frequency on rainbow trout growth, fillet yield, and fillet quality. In the first study, two CO2levels (30 and 49 mg/L) and two velocity levels (0.5 and 2.0 body lengths/s) were tested. In the second study two CO2 levels (30 and 49 mg/L) and two feeding regimens (fed once daily to satiation or three times daily to satiation) were tested. In the first study, after 84 days, fillet weight from high CO2 tanks was 13.5% lower than the fillet weights of fish from low CO2 tanks. Percent fat of fillets was higher in low CO2 fish (P = 0.05) after 84 days and, fish from the low CO2 treatment were larger (P < 0.01). Both studies had similar results in regards to fat content and weight of fillets in response to elevated CO2levels. Velocity had little affect on either whole wet weight or fillet attributes of rainbow trout in this study. Muscle tissue contained more (P < 0.01) fat when fish were fed three times daily (7.3%; day 90) compared to once daily (5.4%; day 90). Also, fish were larger (P < 0.05) when fed 3 times per day (1079 g; day 90) in comparison to only one daily feeding (792 g; day 90). Fish in high feed/high CO2 tanks were larger and had more fillet fat than fish from low feed/low CO2 tanks. To maximize rainbow trout growth at aquaculture facilities, management strategies should attempt to keep CO2 levels below 30 mg/L when cost efficient. However, feeding 2–3 times daily should reduce production losses if CO2 cannot be minimized. The effect of strain and velocity were minimal over the range we tested in comparison to the effects of CO2 and feeding regimen.
A goal of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program is to assess the availability of fresh water within each of the principal aquifers in the United States with the greatest groundwater withdrawals. The Floridan aquifer system (FAS), which covers an area of approximately 100,000 square miles in Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina, is one such principal aquifer, having the fifth largest groundwater withdrawals in the Nation, totaling 3.64 billion gallons per day in 2000. Compilation of FAS hydraulic properties is critical to the development and calibration of groundwater flow models that can be used to develop water budgets spatially and temporally, as well as to evaluate resource changes over time. Wells with aquifer test data were identified as Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA), Lower Floridan aquifer (LFA), Floridan aquifer system (FAS, Upper Floridan with some middle and/or Lower Floridan), or middle Floridan confining unit (MCU), based on the identification from the original database or report description, or comparison of the open interval of the well with previously published maps.
This report consolidates aquifer hydraulic property data obtained from multiple databases and reports of the U.S. Geological Survey, various State agencies, and the Water Management Districts of Florida, that are compiled into tables to provide a single information source for transmissivity and storage properties of the FAS as of October 2011. Transmissivity calculated from aquifer pumping tests and specific-capacity data are included. Values for transmissivity and storage coefficients are intended for use in regional or sub regional groundwater flow models; thus, any tests (aquifer pumping tests and specific capacity data) that were conducted with packers or for open intervals less than 30 feet in length are excluded from the summary statistics and tables of this report, but are included in the database.
The transmissivity distribution from the aquifer pumping tests is highly variable. The transmissivity based on aquifer pumping tests (from 1,045 values for the UFA and FAS) ranges from 8 to about 9,300,000 square feet per day (ft2/d) and values of storage coefficient (646 reported) range from 3x10-9 to 0.41. The 64 transmissivity values for the LFA range from about 130 to 4,500,000 ft2/d, and the 17 storage coefficient values range from 7x10-8 to 0.03. The 14 transmissivity values for the MCU range from 1 to about 600,000 ft2/d and the 10 storage coefficient values range from 8x10-8 to 0.03. Transmissivity estimates for the UFA and FAS for 442 specific capacity tests range from approximately 200 to 1,000,000 ft2/d.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds669","collaboration":"Product of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Bellino, J.C., 2016, Tabulated transmissivity and storage properties of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama (ver. 1.1, May 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 669, 37 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.; Appendix; 2 Tables; Table 1: 17 inches x 11 inches, Table 2: 17 inches x 11 inches; DS699 FAS AQT DS zip file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321206,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/tables/ds669_table1-v1.1.pdf","text":"Table 1 - Transmissivity and storage coefficients from aquifer pumping tests ","size":"321 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":321207,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/tables/ds669_table1-v1.1.xls","text":"Table 1 - Excel ","size":"355 KB xls","description":"DS 669"},{"id":321208,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/tables/ds669_table2-v1.1.pdf","text":"Table 2 -Transmissivity estimates from specific capacity data","size":"157 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":321209,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/tables/ds669_table2-v1.1.xls","text":"Table 2 - Excel ","size":"132 KB xls","description":"DS 669"},{"id":321211,"rank":8,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/DS669_v1.1FAS_AQT_DATA_04192016.zip","text":"Aquifer Data","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":321205,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/versionHist.txt","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":254562,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DS 669"},{"id":254564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/669/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,25 ], [ -90,34 ], [ -79.5,34 ], [ -79.5,25 ], [ -90,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1 May 13, 2016","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Surveyr
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108r
Lutz, FL 33559r
Telephone: (813) 498–5000r
http://fl.water.usgs.gov/
Dilution of aluminum discharged to reservoirs in filter-backwash effluents at water-treatment facilities in Massachusetts was investigated by a field study and computer simulation. Determination of dilution is needed so that permits for discharge ensure compliance with water-quality standards for aquatic life. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic standard for aluminum, 87 micrograms per liter (μg/L), rather than the acute standard, 750 μg/L, was used in this investigation because the time scales of chronic exposure (days) more nearly match rates of change in reservoir concentrations than do the time scales of acute exposure (hours).
Whereas dilution factors are routinely computed for effluents discharged to streams solely on the basis of flow of the effluent and flow of the receiving stream, dilution determination for effluents discharged to reservoirs is more complex because (1), compared to streams, additional water is available for dilution in reservoirs during low flows as a result of reservoir flushing and storage during higher flows, and (2) aluminum removal in reservoirs occurs by aluminum sedimentation during the residence time of water in the reservoir. Possible resuspension of settled aluminum was not considered in this investigation. An additional concern for setting discharge standards is the substantial concentration of aluminum that can be naturally present in ambient surface waters, usually in association with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which can bind aluminum and keep it in solution.
A method for dilution determination was developed using a mass-balance equation for aluminum and considering sources of aluminum from groundwater, surface water, and filter-backwash effluents and losses caused by sedimentation, water withdrawal, and spill discharge from the reservoir. The method was applied to 13 reservoirs. Data on aluminum and DOC concentrations in reservoirs and influent water were collected during the fall of 2009. Complete reservoir volume was determined to be available for mixing on the basis of vertical and horizontal aluminum-concentration profiling. Losses caused by settling of aluminum were assumed to be proportional to aluminum concentration and reservoir area. The constant of proportionality, as a function of DOC concentration, was established by simulations in each of five reservoirs that differed in DOC concentration.
In addition to computing dilution factors, the project determined dilution factors that would be protective with the same statistical basis (frequency of exceedance of the chronic standard) as dilutions computed for streams at the 7-day-average 10-year-recurrence annual low flow (the 7Q10). Low-flow dilutions are used for permitting so that receiving waters are protected even at the worst-case flow levels. The low-flow dilution factors that give the same statistical protection are the lowest annual 7-day-average dilution factors with a recurrence of 10 years, termed 7DF10s. Determination of 7DF10 values for reservoirs required that long periods of record be simulated so that dilution statistics could be determined. Dilution statistics were simulated for 13 reservoirs from 1960 to 2004 using U.S. Geological Survey Firm-Yield Estimator software to model reservoir inputs and outputs and present-day values of filter-effluent discharge and aluminum concentration.
Computed settling velocities ranged from 0 centimeters per day (cm/d) at DOC concentrations of 15.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to 21.5 cm/d at DOC concentrations of 2.7 mg/L. The 7DF10 values were a function of aluminum effluent discharged. At current (2009) effluent discharge rates, the 7DF10 values varied from 1.8 to 115 among the 13 reservoirs. In most cases, the present-day (2009) discharge resulted in receiving water concentrations that did not exceed the standard at the 7DF10. Exceptions were one reservoir with a very small area and three reservoirs with high concentrations of DOC. Maximum permissible discharges were determined for water-treatment plants by adjusting discharges upward in simulations until the 7DF10 resulted in reservoir concentrations that just met the standard. In terms of aluminum flux, these discharges ranged from 0 to 28 kilograms of aluminum per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., Massey, A.J., and Levin, S.B., 2016, Determination of dilution factors for discharge of aluminum-containing wastes by public water-supply treatment facilities into lakes and reservoirs in Massachusetts (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5136, 36 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5136.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5136/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":94131,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 16, 2011; Version 1.1: December 30, 2016","contact":"Director, Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
(508) 490-5000
http://ma.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation collected clear-water pier- and contraction-scour data at 116 bridges in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces of South Carolina. Pier-scour depths collected in both provinces ranged from 0 to 8.0 feet. Contraction-scour depths collected in the Coastal Plain ranged from 0 to 3.9 feet. Using hydraulic data estimated with a one-dimensional flow model, predicted clear-water scour depths were computed with scour equations from the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 and compared with measured scour. This comparison indicated that predicted clear-water scour depths, in general, exceeded measured scour depths and at times were excessive. Predicted clear-water contraction scour, however, was underpredicted approximately 30 percent of the time by as much as 7.1 feet.
The investigation focused on clear-water pier scour, comparing trends in the laboratory and field data. This comparison indicated that the range of dimensionless variables (relative depth, flow intensity, relative grain size) used in laboratory investigations of pier scour, were similar to the range for field data in South Carolina, further indicating that laboratory relations may have some applicability to field conditions in South Carolina. Variables determined to be important in developing pier scour in laboratory studies were investigated to understand their influence on the South Carolina field data, and many of these variables appeared to be insignificant under field conditions in South Carolina. The strongest explanatory variables were pier width and approach velocity. Envelope curves developed from the field data are useful tools for evaluating reasonable ranges of clear-water pier and contraction scour in South Carolina. A modified version of the Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 pier-scour equation also was developed as a tool for evaluating clearwater pier scour. The envelope curves and modified equation offer an improvement over the current methods for predicting clear-water scour in South Carolina.
Data from this study were compiled into a database that includes photographs, measured scour depths, predicted scour depths, limited basin characteristics, limited soil data, and modeled hydraulic data. The South Carolina database can be used to compare studied sites with unstudied sites to evaluate the potential for scour at the unstudied sites. In addition, the database can be used to evaluate the performance of various methods for predicting clear-water pier and contraction scour.
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U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
http://sc.water.usgs.gov/
This 30-meter data set represents land use and land cover for the conterminous United States for the 2001 time period. The data have been arranged into four tiles to facilitate timely display and manipulation within a Geographic Information System (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-partition.jpg). The National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of Federal agencies (http://www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land Cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution. For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer and others (2004), (see: http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp). The NLCD 2001 was created by partitioning the United States into mapping zones. A total of 68 mapping zones (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-mappingzones.jpg), were delineated within the conterminous United States based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge-matching features, and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics. Mapping zones encompass the whole or parts of several states. Questions about the NLCD mapping zones can be directed to the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Mapping Team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.
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contraction scour in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina, 1996-99","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, collected observations of clear-water aburment and contraction scour at 146 bridges in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of South Carolina. Scour depths ranged from 0 to 23.6 feet. Theoretical scour depths were computed at each bridge and compared with observed scour. This comparison showed that theoretical scour depths, in general, exceeded the observed scour depths and often were excessive. A comparison of field data with dimensionless relations for laboratory data showed that the range of dimensionless variables used in laboratory investigations was outside of the range for field data in South Carolina, suggesting laboratory relations may not be applicable to field conditions in South Carolina. Variables determined to be important in developing scour within laboratory studies were investigated to understand their influence within the South Carolina field data, and many of these variables appeared to be insignificant under field conditions found in South Carolina. The strongest explanatory variables were embankment length, geometric-contraction ratio, approach velocity, and soil cohesion. Envelope curves developed with the field data are useful tools for assessing reasonable ranges of scour depth in South Carolina. These tools are simple to apply and are an improvement over the current methods for predicting theoretical scour.
\nData from this study have been compiled into a database that includes photographs, figures, observed scour depths, theoretical scour depths, limited basin characteristics, limited soil data, and theoretical hydraulic data. The database can be used to compare studied sites with unstudied sites to assess the potential for scour at the unstudied sites. In addition, the database can be used to assess the performance of various theoretical methods for predicting clear-water abutment and contraction scour.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., 2016, Clear-water abutment and contraction scour in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces of South Carolina, 1996-99 (Version 1.0: Originally posted in 2003; Version 1.1: August 31, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4064, Report: x, 137 p.; Appendix A; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034064.","productDescription":"Report: x, 137 p.; Appendix A; Database","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034064/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328608,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034064/scour.mdb","size":"622 MB","description":"Database","linkHelpText":"- Measured and Theoretical Bridge-Scour Database"},{"id":328626,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034064/pdf/SCBSDappendixA.pdf","text":"Appendix A -","size":"73.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 03-4064","linkHelpText":"Explanation of Variables in the South Carolina Bridge-Scour Database"},{"id":328617,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034064/pdf/wrir03-4064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 03-4064"},{"id":328607,"rank":2,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version 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U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
http://sc.water.usgs.gov/
The Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Saudi Arabia cover about 90,000 km2, one of the largest areas of alkali olivine basalt in the world. These volcanic rocks are in 13 separate fields near the eastern coast of the Red Sea and in the western Arabian Peninsula highlands from Syria southward to the Yemen Arab Republic.
\nThe initial phase of rifting of the Arabian Plate from the African Plate began as a wide zone of continental-crust extension manifested by basin and range topography. Freshwater lakes, northwest-trending marine gulfs, and alkali olivine basalt flows occupied these basins. Extensive dike swarms intruded parallel to the proto-Red Sea and marked the first phase of new mafic crust formed by volcanic processes. After a hiatus in volcanic activity, counterclockwise rotation of the Arabian Plate during middle Miocene time changed the stress pattern in the plate and a second phase of extrusion of alkali olivine basalt commenced along north-trending fractures. This stress pattern continues to influence Holocene volcanism.
\nThe earliest (pre-uplift) basalts to erupt on the Arabian Plate were predominantly undersaturated picrite and ankaramite, whereas those to erupt near the axis of the proto-Red Sea rift zone were tholeiite. The within-plate volcanic rocks evolved from picrite-ankaramite to alkali olivine basalt with minor volumes of fractionated, undersaturated felsic rocks. Continued crustal thinning and dike intrusion along the proto-Red Sea were accompanied by melting of the continental crust to produce silicic magma as part of a bimodal volcanic suite (tholeiite-rhyolite). These magmas were emplaced as dikes, sills, layered bodies, and flows that mark the early construction of the Red Sea crust. Second-phase lavas are predominantly fractionated hawaiites and alkali olivine basalts. Because undersaturated and oversaturated silicic magmas represent the second phase of activity, both fractional crystallization of the basaltic magma and melting of the crust are believed to have occurred.
\nThe historical record of volcanic activity in Saudi Arabia suggests that volcanism is dormant. The harrats should be evaluated for their potential as volcanic hazards and as sources of geothermal energy. The volcanic rocks are natural traps for groundwater; thus water resources for agriculture may be significant and should be investigated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr83788","usgsCitation":"Coleman, R.G., Gregory, R.T., and Brown, G.F., 2016, Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-788, iii, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83788.","productDescription":"iii, 86 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":35955,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0788/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0788/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0788/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":324557,"rank":4,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0788/ofr83788_erratum-june282016.txt","text":"Erratum","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"tableOfContents":"From the contributions collected in this publication have emerged two important observations that have significance locally, nationally, and internationally. First, the fringing coral reef along the south coast of Moloka'i is one of the most extensive and luxuriant reefs in the eight main Hawaiian Islands. It is longer and more continuous and has denser coral cover than reefs at any of the other islands—this alone makes it a state and national treasure worthy of study and protection. The second observation is more sobering: sections of the south Moloka'i reef have been damaged in the past by sedimentation ultimately caused by human activities in adjacent watersheds. Although some of those activities are no longer taking place, their lingering effects are still being felt in the form of excess sediment runoff. We here review the basis for each of these observations, discuss how sedimentation affects the reef, and summarize the choices that are faced by the people of Moloka'i and the State of Hawai'i with regard to the reef’s future.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The coral reef of south Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i—Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef (Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5101)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155123","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., Cochran, S.A., Logan, J.B., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2015, The Moloka‘i coral reef today, and alternatives for the future: Summary in The coral reef of south Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i—Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5123, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155123.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-005503","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307771,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5101/sir2007-5101_summary.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai‘i","county":"Moloka‘i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.7762756347656,\n 21.21514025408941\n ],\n [\n -156.89712524414062,\n 21.20105715553566\n ],\n [\n -157.02621459960935,\n 21.24074244508678\n ],\n [\n -157.30224609375,\n 21.249702161806933\n ],\n [\n -157.30224609375,\n 21.185692243796037\n ],\n [\n -157.34344482421875,\n 21.09346926561652\n ],\n [\n -157.18139648437497,\n 21.04861794324536\n ],\n [\n -157.10037231445312,\n 21.074248926792812\n ],\n [\n -157.03445434570312,\n 21.04477291496186\n ],\n [\n -156.94793701171872,\n 21.025546284581797\n ],\n [\n -156.84219360351562,\n 21.021700660816588\n ],\n [\n -156.73095703125,\n 21.06399706324597\n ],\n [\n -156.66366577148438,\n 21.140868798573788\n ],\n [\n -156.68975830078125,\n 21.197216077387107\n ],\n [\n -156.7762756347656,\n 21.21514025408941\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":138976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B. 0000-0002-6191-4119 jlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-4119","contributorId":2335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua","email":"jlogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148551,"text":"sir20155080 - 2015 - Surface-water quality in agricultural watersheds of the North Carolina Coastal Plain associated with concentrated animal feeding operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T08:57:12","indexId":"sir20155080","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-13T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5080","title":"Surface-water quality in agricultural watersheds of the North Carolina Coastal Plain associated with concentrated animal feeding operations","docAbstract":"The effects of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) on water quality were investigated at 54 agricultural stream sites throughout the North Carolina Coastal Plain during 2012 and 2013. Three general watershed land-use types were examined during the study, including 18 background watersheds with no active CAFOs (BK sites), 18 watersheds with one or more active swine CAFOs but no poultry CAFOs (SW sites), and 18 watersheds with at least one active swine CAFO and one active dry-litter poultry CAFO (SP sites). The watershed drainage areas for these 54 stream sites ranged from 1.2 to 17.5 square miles. Conventional fertilizers used for crop production are the primary source of nutrients at the BK sites. Animal-waste manures represent an additional source of nutrients at the SW and SP study sites.
\nLand cover, soil drainage, and CAFO attributes were compiled for each watershed. Water-quality field measurements were made and samples were collected at the 54 primary sites during 6 bimonthly sampling periods from June 2012 to April 2013. An additional 23 secondary sites were sampled once during April 2013 to provide supplemental data at stream locations directly adjacent or in close proximity to swine CAFOs and (or) background agricultural areas within 9 of the primary watersheds. The watershed drainage areas for the 23 secondary sites ranged from 0.2 to 8.9 square miles. Water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved-oxygen concentration, and pH were measured directly in the streams. Water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and stable isotopes, including delta hydrogen-2 (δ2H) and delta oxygen-18 (δ18O) of water and delta nitrogen-15 (δ15N) and δ18O of dissolved nitrate plus nitrite.
\nMost of the water-quality properties and constituents varied significantly among the six sampling periods, changing both seasonally and in response to hydrologic conditions. The differences noted among the sampling periods indicate that the interactions between seasonal climatic differences, streamflow conditions, and instream biotic and abiotic processes are complex and their integrated effects can have varying degrees of influence on individual nutrients.
\nWater-quality differences were noted for the SW and SP land-use groups relative to the BK group. Median values of specific conductance, several major ions (magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride), and nitrogen fractions (ammonia plus organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite, total nitrogen, and δ15N of nitrate plus nitrite) were higher for the SW and SP groups compared to the BK group. No significant differences in water temperature, dissolved oxygen, calcium, total organic nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus, or δ18O of nitrate plus nitrite were noted among the land-use groups. When compared on the basis of land-use type, there was an overall measurable effect of CAFO waste manures on stream water quality for the SW and SP watershed groups.
\nSome individual sites within the SW and SP groups showed no measurable CAFO effects on water quality despite having CAFOs present upstream. An evaluation of sodium plus potassium concentrations coupled with δ15N values of nitrate plus nitrite proved valuable for distinguishing which SW and SP sites had a water-quality signature indicative of CAFO waste manures. Sites with CAFO manure effects were characterized by higher sodium plus potassium concentrations (commonly between 11 and 33 milligrams per liter) and δ15N values of nitrate plus nitrite (commonly between 11 and 26 parts per thousand) relative to sites reflecting background agricultural conditions, which commonly had sodium plus potassium concentrations between 6 and 14 milligrams per liter and δ15N values of nitrate plus nitrite between 6 and 15 parts per thousand. On the basis of the results of this study, land applications of waste manure at swine CAFOs influenced ion and nutrient chemistry in many of the North Carolina Coastal Plain streams that were studied.
\nA classification tree model was developed to examine relations of watershed environmental attributes among the study sites with and without CAFO manure effects. Model results indicated that variations in swine barn density, percentage of wetlands, and total acres available for applying swine-waste manures had an important influence on those watersheds where CAFO effects on water quality were either evident or mitigated. Measurable effects of CAFO waste manures on stream water quality were most evident in those SW and SP watersheds having lower percentages of wetlands combined with higher swine barn densities and (or) higher total acres available for applying waste manure at the swine CAFOs. Stream water quality was similar to background agricultural conditions in SW and SP watersheds with lower swine barn densities coupled with higher percentages of wetlands or lower acres available for swine manure applications. The model provides a useful tool for exploring and identifying similar, unmonitored watersheds in the North Carolina Coastal Plain with potential CAFO manure influences on water quality that might warrant further examination.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., 2015, Surface-water quality in agricultural watersheds of the North Carolina Coastal Plain associated with concentrated animal feeding operations: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5080, Report: ix, 55 p.; 7 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155080.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 55 p.; 7 Appendices","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-02","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-060201","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Poultry CAFO attribute data by facility"},{"id":366495,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/downloads/sir2015-5080_appendixA3/sir20155080_appendixA3_3.xlsx","text":"Appendix A3-3","size":"37 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Active swine CAFO permits in sites"},{"id":366496,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/downloads/sir2015-5080_appendixA3/sir20155080_appendixA3_4.xlsx","text":"Appendix A3-4","size":"24 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Swine CAFO attribute data by permit"},{"id":366499,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/downloads/sir2015-5080_appendixA3/sir20155080_appendixA3_7.xlsx","text":"Appendix A3-7","size":"12 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Poultry CAFO attribute data by study 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samples"},{"id":301481,"rank":19,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/downloads/sir2015-5080_appendixA6/sir20155080_appendixA6.xlsx","text":"Appendix A6","size":"26 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Data used for distinguishing sites with manure influences"},{"id":301480,"rank":17,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/downloads/sir2015-5080_appendixA5/sir2015-5080_appendixA5.pdf","text":"Appendix A5","size":"11.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Detailed Evaluations of the April 2013 Water-Quality Dataset"},{"id":301477,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/downloads/sir2015-5080_appendixA2/sir20155080_appendixA2_1.xlsx","text":"Appendix A2-1","size":"28 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Compiled land-cover data for each study site"},{"id":301482,"rank":20,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/downloads/sir2015-5080_appendixA7/sir20155080_appendixA7.xlsx","text":"Appendix A7","size":"24 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Compiled study site data used in classification tree analyses"},{"id":301476,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/downloads/sir2015-5080_appendixA1/sir20155080_appendixA1.pdf","text":"Appendix A1","size":"31.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Maps for the primary and secondary study sites"},{"id":301474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/"},{"id":301475,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5080/pdf/sir2015-5080.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558a751de4b0b6d21dd64445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147461,"text":"70147461 - 2015 - Photo Contest Engages Public with Harmful Algal Blooms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-28T10:09:56","indexId":"70147461","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal 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Final report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T10:22:12","indexId":"70155247","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Structured decision making for management of warm-water habitat for manatees. Final report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kosempa, M., Martin, J., Johnson, F.A., Mezich, R., Stith, B., Deutsch, C., Masi, M., and Edwards, H.H., 2015, Structured decision making for management of warm-water habitat for manatees. Final report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 24 p. .","productDescription":"24 p. 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Sample sites include five ports in U.S. waters with less frequent sampling near Goderich, Ontario. The 2012 fall bottom trawl survey was carried out between 20 October – 5 November 2012 and included all U.S. ports as well as Goderich, ON. The 2012 main basin prey fish biomass estimate for Lake Huron was 97 kilotonnes, higher than the estimate in 2011 (63.2 Kt), approximately one third of the maximum estimate in the time series, and nearly 6 times higher than the minimum estimate in 2009. The biomass estimates for adult alewife in 2012 were higher than 2011, but remained much lower than observed before the crash in 2004, and populations were dominated by small fish. Estimated biomass of rainbow smelt also increased and was the highest observed since 2005. Estimated adult bloater biomass in Lake Huron has been increasing in recent years, and the 2012 biomass estimate was the third highest ever observed in the survey. Biomass estimates for trout-perch and ninespine stickleback were higher than in 2011 but still remained low compared to historic estimates. The estimated biomass of deepwater and slimy sculpins increased over 2011, and slimy sculpin in particular seem to be increasing in abundance. The 2012 biomass estimate for round goby was similar to that in 2011 and was the highest observed in the survey. Substantial numbers of wild juvenile lake trout were captured again in 2012, suggesting that natural reproduction by lake trout continues to occur. The 2012 Lake Huron bottom trawl survey results suggest that several species of offshore demersal fish are beginning to increase in abundance.
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sprovo@usgs.gov","contributorId":5171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provo","given":"Stacy","email":"sprovo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":564655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLean, Matthew W. mmclean@usgs.gov","contributorId":5169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Matthew","email":"mmclean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":564653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70182748,"text":"70182748 - 2015 - Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T09:17:56","indexId":"70182748","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes","docAbstract":"A method is presented for using dissolved CFCs or SF6 to estimate the apparent age of stream base flow by indirectly estimating the mean concentration of the tracer in the inflowing groundwater. The mean value is estimated simultaneously with the mean residence times of the gas and water in the stream by sampling the stream for one or both age tracers, along with dissolved nitrogen and argon at a single location over a period of approximately 12–14 h. The data are fitted to an equation representing the temporal in-stream gas exchange as it responds to the diurnal temperature fluctuation. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by collecting and analyzing samples at six different stream locations across parts of northern Virginia, USA. The studied streams drain watersheds with areas of between 2 and 122 km2 during periods when the diurnal stream temperature ranged between 2 and 5°C. The method has the advantage of estimating the mean groundwater residence time of discharge from the watershed to the stream without the need for the collection of groundwater infiltrating to streambeds or local groundwater sampled from shallow observation wells near the stream.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR016796","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., Casile, G.C., and Haase, K.B., 2015, Dating base flow in streams using dissolved gases and diurnal temperature changes: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 12, p. 9790-9803, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016796.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"9790","endPage":"9803","ipdsId":"IP-067414","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr016796","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"51","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a42e4b01ccd54ff3fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haase, Karl B. 0000-0002-6897-6494 khaase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-6494","contributorId":3405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Karl","email":"khaase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160758,"text":"70160758 - 2015 - Practitioners' views of science needs for the Great Lakes coastal ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T09:19:51","indexId":"70160758","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Practitioners' views of science needs for the Great Lakes coastal ecosystem","docAbstract":"In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lake Science Center (USGS-GLSC) and the USGS-Michigan Water Science Center partnered with the Great Lakes Commission (GLC) to conduct a series of four workshops with coastal practitioners and managers across the Great Lakes basin to highlight the need for, and get input on, a Great Lakes regional coastal science strategy. To this end, this report is intended to help guide USGS coastal and nearshore science priorities, but may also help guide other science agencies.\n\nThe USGS-GLSC partnership on this effort was part of a broader five-year Memorandum of Understanding between the USGS-GLSC and the GLC to enhance communications between coastal science and management communities within the Great Lakes region.\n\nThis report presents a summary and analysis of participant feedback from the four workshops held in 2014. Participant feedback included participant worksheets as well as interactive drawing sessions, individual notes and group flip chart notes from each workshop. The results are presented as a series of findings that can be used to guide USGS coastal/nearshore science priorities in support of management needs at local, state and regional scales.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Commission","collaboration":"Great Lakes Commission","usgsCitation":"Pebbles, V., Lillard, E.C., Seelbach, P.W., and Fogarty, L.R., 2015, Practitioners' views of science needs for the Great Lakes coastal ecosystem, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","ipdsId":"IP-066840","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://greatlakesinform.org/knowledge-network/1462"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bce4b0c2e071a99ba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pebbles, Victoria vpebbles@usgs.gov","contributorId":5633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pebbles","given":"Victoria","email":"vpebbles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":583766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillard, Elizabath C.","contributorId":150957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lillard","given":"Elizabath","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13509,"text":"Great Lakes Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelbach, Paul W. pseelbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":3937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","email":"pseelbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fogarty, Lisa Reynolds 0000-0003-0329-3251 lrfogart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-3251","contributorId":150958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Lisa","email":"lrfogart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Reynolds","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178128,"text":"70178128 - 2015 - Seasonal foraging responses of beavers to sodium-enhanced foods: An experimental assessment with field feeding trials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T12:32:26","indexId":"70178128","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal foraging responses of beavers to sodium-enhanced foods: An experimental assessment with field feeding trials","docAbstract":"Salt drive is a seasonal phenomenon common to several classes of wild herbivores. Coincident with shifts of nutrient quality when plants resume growth in the spring, sodium is secondarily lost as surplus potassium is excreted. The beaver (Castor canadensis) is an herbivore whose dietary niche closely follows that of other herbivores that are subject to salt drive, but no published studies to date have assessed the likelihood of its occurrence. To quantify if beavers experience seasonal salt drive, we designed a field experiment to measure the foraging responses of beavers to sodium-enhanced foods. We used sodium-treated (salted) and control (no salt) food items (aspen [Populus tremuloides] and pine [Pinus spp.] sticks) during monthly feeding trials at beaver-occupied wetlands. If conventional ontogeny of salt drive was operant, we expected to observe greater utility of sodium-treated food items by beavers in May and June. Further, if water lilies (Nymphaea spp. and Nuphar spp.) supply beavers with sodium to meet dietary requirements as is widely speculated, we expected foraging responses to sodium-treated food items at wetlands where water lilies were absent to be greater than at wetlands where water lily was present. Aspen was selected by beavers in significantly greater amounts than pine. There was no difference between the mean percent consumed of salted and control aspen sticks by beavers at lily and non-lily wetlands, and no differences in temporal consumption associated with salted or control pine sticks at either wetland type. Salted pine was consumed in greater amounts than unsalted pine. We propose that the gastrointestinal or renal physiology of beavers may preclude solute loss, thereby preventing salt drive.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyv157","usgsCitation":"Strules, J., and DeStefano, S., 2015, Seasonal foraging responses of beavers to sodium-enhanced foods: An experimental assessment with field feeding trials: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 97, no. 1, p. 89-101, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv157.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-052940","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv157","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc4e4b09688d6e90fd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strules, Jennifer","contributorId":176631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strules","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178002,"text":"70178002 - 2015 - Building sandbars in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T15:24:37.672037","indexId":"70178002","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8569,"text":"Boatman's Quarterly Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"Building sandbars in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Now, by implementing a new strategy that calls for repeated releases of large volumes of water from the dam, the U.S. Department of the Interior seeks to increase the size and number of these sandbars. Three years into the “High Flow Experiment” protocol, the releases appear to be achieving the desired effect. Many sandbars have increased in size following each controlled flood and the cumulative results of the first three releases suggests that sandbar declines may be reversed if controlled floods can be implemented frequently enough.","language":"English","publisher":"Grand Canyon River Guides","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Schmidt, J.C., Wright, S., Topping, D., Melis, T., and Rubin, D.M., 2015, Building sandbars in Grand Canyon: Boatman's Quarterly Review, v. 28, no. 4, p. 18-22.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-068682","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483351,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gcrg.org/bqr","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":330631,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c2e4b0bb36a4c91011","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":296930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David J.","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157521,"text":"70157521 - 2015 - Sediment and discharge yields within a minimally disturbed, headwater watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, with an emphasis on Superstorm Sandy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:48:18","indexId":"70157521","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5005,"text":"Water and Environment Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment and discharge yields within a minimally disturbed, headwater watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, with an emphasis on Superstorm Sandy","docAbstract":"We estimated discharge and suspended sediment (SS) yield in a minimally disturbed watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, and compared a typical storm (September storm, 4.80 cm) to a large storm (Superstorm Sandy, 7.47 cm rainfall). Depending on branch, Sandy contributed 9.7–19.9 times more discharge and 11.5–37.4 times more SS than the September storm. During the September storm, the upper two branches accounted for 60.6% of discharge and 88.8% of SS at Lower Branch; during Sandy these percentages dropped to 36.1% for discharge and 30.1% for SS. The branch with close proximity roads had over two-three times per area SS yield than the branch without such roads. Hysteresis loops showed typical clockwise patterns for the September storm and more complicated patterns for Sandy, reflecting the multipeak event. Estimates of SS and hysteresis in minimally disturbed watersheds provide useful information that can be compared spatially and temporally to facilitate management.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing handbook, Vol. III: Remote sensing of water resources, disasters, and urban studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Biggs, T., Petropoulos, G.P., Velpuri, N.M., Marshall, M., Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., and Messina, A., 2015, Remote Sensing of Actual Evapotranspiration from Cropland: Chapter 3, chap. of Remote sensing handbook, Vol. III: Remote sensing of water resources, disasters, and urban studies.","ipdsId":"IP-058217","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Remote-Sensing-of-Water-Resources-Disasters-and-Urban-Studies/Thenkabail-PhD/p/book/9781482217919#googlePreviewContainer"},{"id":328706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee23e4b0bc0bec09e8a1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648945,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, Trent","contributorId":152640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biggs","given":"Trent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petropoulos, George P.","contributorId":174669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petropoulos","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, Michael","contributorId":65216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Messina, Alex","contributorId":174670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Messina","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176619,"text":"70176619 - 2015 - Estimation of historic flows and sediment loads to San Francisco Bay,1849–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:26:17","indexId":"70176619","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of historic flows and sediment loads to San Francisco Bay,1849–2011","docAbstract":"River flow and sediment transport in estuaries influence morphological development over decadal and century time scales, but hydrological and sedimentological records are typically too short to adequately characterize long-term trends. In this study, we recover archival records and apply a rating curve approach to develop the first instrumental estimates of daily delta inflow and sediment loads to San Francisco Bay (1849–1929). The total sediment load is constrained using sedimentation/erosion estimated from bathymetric survey data to produce continuous daily sediment transport estimates from 1849 to 1955, the time period prior to sediment load measurements. We estimate that ∼55% (45–75%) of the ∼1500 ± 400 million tons (Mt) of sediment delivered to the estuary between 1849 and 2011 was the result of anthropogenic alteration in the watershed that increased sediment supply. Also, the seasonal timing of sediment flux events has shifted because significant spring-melt floods have decreased, causing estimated springtime transport (April 1st to June 30th) to decrease from ∼25% to ∼15% of the annual total. By contrast, wintertime sediment loads (December 1st to March 31st) have increased from ∼70% to ∼80%. A ∼35% reduction of annual flow since the 19th century along with decreased sediment supply has resulted in a ∼50% reduction in annual sediment delivery. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other systems for which unanalyzed historic data exist.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.043","usgsCitation":"Moftakhari, H., Jay, D., Talke, S., and Schoellhamer, D., 2015, Estimation of historic flows and sediment loads to San Francisco Bay,1849–2011: Journal of Hydrology, v. 529, no. 3, p. 1247-1261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.043.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1247","endPage":"1261","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-061977","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.70629882812499,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -122.56072998046875,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 38.28346905497185\n ],\n [\n -121.78344726562499,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -121.37420654296875,\n 38.31795595794451\n ],\n [\n -121.22589111328126,\n 37.93553306183642\n ],\n [\n -121.25335693359374,\n 37.572882155556194\n ],\n [\n -121.44012451171874,\n 37.40289194122376\n ],\n [\n -121.761474609375,\n 37.21720611325497\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 37.17126017626408\n ],\n [\n -122.47283935546874,\n 37.199706196161735\n ],\n [\n -122.70629882812499,\n 38.06539235133249\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"529","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c657e4b0bc0bec09c90f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moftakhari, H.R.","contributorId":174830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moftakhari","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24698,"text":"PSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, D.A.","contributorId":174832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jay","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24698,"text":"PSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talke, S.A.","contributorId":174831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Talke","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24698,"text":"PSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176171,"text":"70176171 - 2015 - Resolving bathymetry from airborne gravity along Greenland fjords","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T10:08:15","indexId":"70176171","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving bathymetry from airborne gravity along Greenland fjords","docAbstract":"Recent glacier mass loss in Greenland has been attributed to encroaching warming waters, but knowledge of fjord bathymetry is required to investigate this mechanism. The bathymetry in many Greenland fjords is unmapped and difficult to measure. From 2010 to 2012, National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Operation IceBridge collected a unique set of airborne gravity, magnetic, radar, and lidar data along the major outlet glaciers and fjords in Greenland. We applied a consistent technique using the IceBridge gravity data to create 90 bathymetric profiles along 54 Greenland fjords. We also used this technique to recover subice topography where warm or crevassed ice prevents the radar system from imaging the bed. Here we discuss our methodology, basic assumptions and error analysis. We present the new bathymetry data and discuss observations in six major regions of Greenland covered by IceBridge. The gravity models provide a total of 1950 line kilometers of bathymetry, 875 line kilometers of subice topography, and 12 new grounding line depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012129","usgsCitation":"Boghosian, A., Tinto, K., Cochran, J.R., Porter, D., Elieff, S., Burton, B.L., and Bell, R.E., 2015, Resolving bathymetry from airborne gravity along Greenland fjords: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 120, no. 12, p. 8516-8533, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012129.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8516","endPage":"8533","ipdsId":"IP-065813","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1ade4b0f2f0cebf11b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boghosian, Alexandra","contributorId":174154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boghosian","given":"Alexandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinto, Kirsty","contributorId":174155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinto","given":"Kirsty","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, James R.","contributorId":127762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochran","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, David","contributorId":174156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elieff, Stefan","contributorId":174157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elieff","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27370,"text":"Sander Geophysics Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":138925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bell, Robin E.","contributorId":26902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156343,"text":"70156343 - 2015 - A geochemical and geophysical assessment of coastal groundwater discharge at select sites in Maui and O’ahu, Hawai’i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T13:51:14.144202","indexId":"70156343","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"A geochemical and geophysical assessment of coastal groundwater discharge at select sites in Maui and O’ahu, Hawai’i","docAbstract":"This chapter summarizes fieldwork conducted to derive new estimates of coastal groundwater discharge and associated nutrient loadings at select coastal sites in Hawai’i, USA. Locations for this work were typically identified based on pronounced, recent ecosystem degradation that may at least partially be attributable to sustained coastal groundwater discharge. Our suite of tools used to evaluate groundwater discharge included select U/Th series radionuclides, a broad spectrum of geochemical analytes, multi-channel electrical resistivity, and in situ oceanographic observations.\nBased on the submarine groundwater discharge tracer 222Rn, coastal groundwater discharge rates ranged from about 22–50 cm per day at Kahekili, a site in the Ka’anapali region north of Lahaina in west Maui, while at Black Point in Maunalua Bay along southern O’ahu, coastal groundwater discharge rates ranged up to 700 cm per day, although the mean discharge rate at this site was 60 cm per day. The water chemistry of the discharging groundwater can be dramatically different than ambient seawater at both coastal sites. For example, at Kahekili the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved silicate (DSi) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) were roughly 188-, 36-, and 106-times higher in the discharging groundwater relative to ambient seawater, respectively. Such data extend our basic understanding of the physical controls on coastal groundwater discharge and provide an estimate of the magnitude and physical forcings of submarine groundwater discharge and associated trace metal and nutrient loads conveyed by this submarine route.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal research library: Groundwater in the coastal zones of Asia-Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-5648-9_3","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., Dulaiova, H., Dalier, M., Glenn, C., C.G. 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