The Turner-Albright sulfide deposit, part of the Josephine ophiolite, formed on and below the seafloor during Late Jurassic volcanism at a back arc spreading center. Ore fluids were probably localized by faults which were active on the seafloor at the time of sulfide deposition. The uppermost massive sulfide formed on the seafloor at hydrothermal vents, similar to sulfide-depositing hot springs on modern spreading centers. The bulk of the sulfide mineralization formed below the seafloor within olivine basalt hyaloclastite erupted near the time of mineralization. Infiltration of hydrothermal fluid into the hyalo-clastite altered the rock to quartz + Fe-chlorite and quartz + sericite + Fe-chlorite. Intense alteration resulted in replacement of the protolith by quartz + sulfide. The fluid responsible for the hydrothermal alteration was evolved seawater with low pH and Mg and high Fe. Sulfide δ534S values average 4.7‰ and indicate contribution of sulfur from both basalt and seawater sulfate. The average value of sulfide δ34S and the difference between sulfide and contemporaneous seawater sulfate δ34S values are similar to ophiolite-hosted sulfide deposits in Cyprus. Chlorite-rich hydrothermally altered basalt has δ18O values of 3.0–6.8‰ due to high-temperature (250°–350°C) reaction with a seawater-derived ore fluid. Quartz in silicified basalt has higher δ18O values of 12.3–15.5‰, probably reflecting lower-temperature recrystallization of amorphous silica formed during initial alteration of basalt. Mudstone and clinopyroxene basalt above the sulfide horizons were not altered by the ore-transporting hydrothermal fluid, but these rocks were hydrothermally metamorphosed by altered seawater heated by deep circulation into hot oceanic crust. This subseafloor metamorphism produced a mineral assemblage typical of prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphism. Exchange with altered seawater increased the whole-rock δ18O of the basalts to values of 9.4–11.2‰.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04657","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Zierenberg, R., Shanks, W.C., Seyfried, W., Koski, R., and Strickler, M., 1988, Mineralization, alteration, and hydrothermal metamorphism of the ophiolite-hosted Turner-Albright sulfide deposit, southwestern Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4657-4674, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04657.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4657","endPage":"4674","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a84e4b0c8380cd6ef24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zierenberg, R.A.","contributorId":8998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seyfried, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":15347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seyfried","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strickler, M.D.","contributorId":78482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickler","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014340,"text":"70014340 - 1988 - The aqueous geochemistry of uranium in a drainage containing uraniferous organic-rich sediments, Lake Tahoe area, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014340","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3668,"text":"Uranium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aqueous geochemistry of uranium in a drainage containing uraniferous organic-rich sediments, Lake Tahoe area, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Anomalously uraniferous waters occur in a small (4.2 km2) drainage in the west-central Carson Range, Nevada, on the eastern side of Lake Tahoe. The waters transport uranium from local U-rich soils and bedrock to organic-rich valley-fill sediments where it is concentrated, but weakly bound. The dissolved U and the U that is potentially available from coexisting sediments pose a threat to the quality of drinking water that is taken from the drainage. The U concentration in samples of 6 stream, 11 spring and 7 near-surface waters ranged from <1 to 177 ??g l-1 with an average value of 17 ?? 14 ??g l-1 for stream and spring waters. This value significantly exceeds a reported regional average value of ~5 ??g l-1, and is comparable to proposed maximum contaminant levels of U in drinking water. Calculations that utilize chemical compositions of the waters and thermodynamic data indicate that uranyl-carbonate and uranyl-phosphate complexes are the major inorganic species of dissolved U. In addition, dialysis experiments suggest an association of at least some dissolved U with macromolecular organic matter, particularly in near-surface waters that are in contact with organic-rich sediments. Calculations of the saturation index for uranous and uranyl-bearing minerals indicate that all of the waters are undersaturated with uranium minerals as long as ambient Eh is oxidizing (i.e. > 0.1 V). Possible precipitation of U(IV) minerals is predicted under the more reducing conditions that are particularly likely in near-surface waters, but the inhibitory effects of sluggish kinetics or organic complexing are not considered. These combined results suggest that a process such as adsorption or ion exchange, rather than mineral saturation, is the most probable mechanism for uranium fixation in the sediments. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Uranium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Otton, J.K., Wanty, R., and Pierson, C.T., 1988, The aqueous geochemistry of uranium in a drainage containing uraniferous organic-rich sediments, Lake Tahoe area, Nevada, USA: Uranium, v. 4, no. 4, p. 281-305.","startPage":"281","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9cde4b08c986b32250b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pierson, C. T.","contributorId":57055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014330,"text":"70014330 - 1988 - Concentration of gold in natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T23:48:29.151242","indexId":"70014330","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration of gold in natural waters","docAbstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate the amount of gold present in natural waters. One hundred and thirty-two natural water samples were collected from various sources and analyzed for gold by the latest techniques. Background values for gold in natural waters range from <0.001 to 0.005 ppb, and anomalous values range from 0.010 to 2.8 ppb. Waters collected from mineralized areas have a mean gold value of 0.101 ppb, whereas waters collected from unmineralized areas have a mean of 0.002 ppb. Some of the high gold values reported in the earlier literature were probably due to interferences by high salt content in the sample and/or lack of proper filter procedures.
Xylem tissue from degraded wood and coalified logs or stems was examined by pyrolysis g.c.-m.s. to improve understanding of the coalification process. The pyrolysis data, when combined with solid-state 13C n.m.r. data for the same samples, show several stages of evolution during coalification. The first stage, microbial degradation in peat, involves the selective degradation of cellulosic components and preservation of lignin-like components. As coalification increases, the lignin structural units undergo a series of defunctionalization reactions. The first of these involve loss of methoxyl groups, with replacement by phenolic hydroxyls such that catechol-like structures are produced. As the xylem tissue is converted to subbituminous coal, the persistence of phenols and methylated phenols in pyrolysis g.c.-m.s. data of subbituminous coal suggests that the catechol-like structures are being converted to phenol-like structures. The ability to discern detailed changes in the chemical structural composition of a genetically and histologically related series of samples provides an ideal method for developing models of coal structure, especially that of low-rank coal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(88)90372-9","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P.G., Lerch, H.E., Kotra, R., and Verheyen, T., 1988, Pyrolysis g.c.-m.s. of a series of degraded woods and coalified logs that increase in rank from peat to subbituminous coal: Fuel, v. 67, no. 8, p. 1069-1075, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(88)90372-9.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1075","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220604,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a905ee4b0c8380cd7fcc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lerch, H. E. III","contributorId":94788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kotra, R. K.","contributorId":100880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotra","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verheyen, T.V.","contributorId":95614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verheyen","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014401,"text":"70014401 - 1988 - Electrical structure of Newberry Volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:29:47.942329","indexId":"70014401","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical structure of Newberry Volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"From the interpretation of magnetotelluric, transient electromagnetic, and Schlumberger resistivity soundings, the electrical structure of Newberry Volcano in central Oregon is found to consist of four units. From the surface downward, the geoelectrical units are (1) very resistive, young, unaltered volcanic rock, (2) a conductive layer of older volcanic material composed of altered tuffs, (3) a thick resistive layer thought to be in part intrusive rocks, and (4) a lower-crustal conductor. This model is similar to the regional geoelectrical structure found throughout the Cascade Range. Inside the caldera, the conductive second layer corresponds to the steep temperature gradient and alteration minerals observed in the USGS Newberry 2 test hole. Drill hole information on the south and north flanks of the volcano (test holes GEO N-1 and GEO N-3, respectively) indicates that outside the caldera the conductor is due to alteration minerals (primarily smectite) and not high-temperature pore fluids. On the flanks of Newberry the conductor is generally deeper than inside the caldera, and it deepens with distance from the summit. A notable exception to this pattern is seen just west of the caldera rim, where the conductive zone is shallower than at other flank locations. The volcano sits atop a rise in the resistive layer, interpreted to be due to intrusive rocks. The intrusive material has served as a heat source to produce enhanced hydrothermal alteration and, perhaps in the case of the west-flank anomaly, elevated fluid temperatures. While no public drill hole information is available to confirm this hypothesis, the west-flank anomaly appears to be a good geothermal target. In addition to the possibility that a region on the west side of the volcano could be favorable for prospecting, part of the resistive structure under the center of the volcano could be due to a vapor-dominated environment with temperatures above 300°C. In other parts of the Cascades, pervasive alteration has produced mixed layer clays and zeolites, resulting in low-resistivity anomalies. Low resistivities cannot be assumed to indicate high-temperature pore fluids. The use of electrical methods that measure resistivity as a function of excitation frequency, such as spectral induced polarization, may provide a way of obtaining information about the type and extent of alteration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB09p10119","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D., Stanley, W.D., and Bisdorf, R., 1988, Electrical structure of Newberry Volcano, Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B9, p. 10119-10134, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB09p10119.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10119","endPage":"10134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0898e4b0c8380cd51ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bisdorf, R.J.","contributorId":42960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014811,"text":"70014811 - 1988 - Further comments on sensitivities, parameter estimation, and sampling design in one-dimensional analysis of solute transport in porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:52:23","indexId":"70014811","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further comments on sensitivities, parameter estimation, and sampling design in one-dimensional analysis of solute transport in porous media","docAbstract":"Sensitivities of solute concentration to parameters associated with first-order chemical decay, boundary conditions, initial conditions, and multilayer transport are examined in one-dimensional analytical models of transient solute transport in porous media. A sensitivity is a change in solute concentration resulting from a change in a model parameter. Sensitivity analysis is important because minimum information required in regression on chemical data for the estimation of model parameters by regression is expressed in terms of sensitivities. Nonlinear regression models of solute transport were tested on sets of noiseless observations from known models that exceeded the minimum sensitivity information requirements. Results demonstrate that the regression models consistently converged to the correct parameters when the initial sets of parameter values substantially deviated from the correct parameters. On the basis of the sensitivity analysis, several statements may be made about design of sampling for parameter estimation for the models examined: (1) estimation of parameters associated with solute transport in the individual layers of a multilayer system is possible even when solute concentrations in the individual layers are mixed in an observation well; (2) when estimating parameters in a decaying upstream boundary condition, observations are best made late in the passage of the front near a time chosen by adding the inverse of an hypothesized value of the source decay parameter to the estimated mean travel time at a given downstream location; (3) estimation of a first-order chemical decay parameter requires observations to be made late in the passage of the front, preferably near a location corresponding to a travel time of √2 times the half-life of the solute; and (4) estimation of a parameter relating to spatial variability in an initial condition requires observations to be made early in time relative to passage of the solute front.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i002p00225","usgsCitation":"Knopman, D.S., and Voss, C.I., 1988, Further comments on sensitivities, parameter estimation, and sampling design in one-dimensional analysis of solute transport in porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 225-238, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i002p00225.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"238","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1421e4b0c8380cd5490c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopman, Debra S.","contributorId":51472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopman","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014374,"text":"70014374 - 1988 - Rapid changes in dissolved humic substances in Spirit Lake and South Fork Castle Lake, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T14:24:01","indexId":"70014374","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid changes in dissolved humic substances in Spirit Lake and South Fork Castle Lake, Washington","docAbstract":"One major effect of the eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, was a large increase of dissolved organic material in the lakes of the area devastated near the volcano. Much of this material was aquatic fulvic acid derived from plants and soils from the surrounding watershed. During the 3 yr after the eruption, substantial chemical changes occurred in the aquatic fulvic acid. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Thorn, K.A., Wershaw, R., Bracewell, J., and Robertson, G., 1988, Rapid changes in dissolved humic substances in Spirit Lake and South Fork Castle Lake, Washington: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 33, no. 6/2, p. 1527-1541.","startPage":"1527","endPage":"1541","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267946,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_33/issue_6_part_2/1527.pdf"}],"volume":"33","issue":"6/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94c4e4b0c8380cd815e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":368249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bracewell, J.M.","contributorId":80827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracewell","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, G.W.","contributorId":6599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014809,"text":"70014809 - 1988 - A magmatic model of Medicine Lake Volcano, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:28:28.825029","indexId":"70014809","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A magmatic model of Medicine Lake Volcano, California","docAbstract":"Medicine Lake volcano is a Pleistocene and Holocene shield volcano of the southern Cascade Range. It is located behind the main Cascade arc in an extensional tectonic setting where high-alumina basalt is the most commonly erupted lava. This basalt is parental to the higher-silica calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas that make up the bulk of the shield. The presence of late Holocene, chemically identical rhyolites on opposite sides of the volcano led to hypotheses of a large shallow silicic magma chamber and of a small, deep chamber that fed rhyolites to the surface via cone sheets. Subsequent geophysical work has been unable to identify a large silicic magma body, and instead a small one has apparently been recognized. Some geologic data support the geophysical results. Tectonic control of vent alignments and the dominance of mafic eruptions both in number of events and volume throughout the history of the volcano indicate that no large silicic magma reservoir exists. Instead, a model is proposed that includes numerous dikes, sills, and small magma bodies, most of which are too small to be recognized by present geophysical methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04412","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J., 1988, A magmatic model of Medicine Lake Volcano, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4412-4420, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04412.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4412","endPage":"4420","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e444e4b0c8380cd46537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014810,"text":"70014810 - 1988 - Natural variance in pH as a complication in detecting acidification of lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:29:16","indexId":"70014810","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural variance in pH as a complication in detecting acidification of lakes","docAbstract":"Natural variance in the pH of three dilute lakes in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, complicates the detection of acidification. Variations in pH during July-September of 1983 were: 0.95 (Ned Wilson Lake), 1.36 (Upper Island Lake), and 1.53 (Oyster Lake). Mean diurnal variations in pH during 1983 were: 0.37 (Ned Wilson Lake), 0.54 (Upper Island Lake), and 0.39 (Oyster Lake). Replicate pH measurements indicate that pH can be measured with a mean variance due to measurement error of ?? 0.005. Regression analysis indicates that samples collected on the same day of different years may differ because of time of day and percentage of cloud cover. Differences in wind duration and intensity and primary productivity also may cause the pH to differ between years. Such differences can be either random or systematic. Comparisons of pH among 3 yr of data from Ned Wilson Lake indicate that natural variations in pH are much larger than variations in Colorado Lakes previously attributed to acidification by precipitation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00226489","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Turk, J., 1988, Natural variance in pH as a complication in detecting acidification of lakes: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 171-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226489.","startPage":"171","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267656,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226489"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6360e4b0c8380cd72478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014363,"text":"70014363 - 1988 - Infiltration through layered-soil trench covers: Response to an extended period of rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:38:27.623388","indexId":"70014363","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infiltration through layered-soil trench covers: Response to an extended period of rainfall","docAbstract":"Four experimental waste disposal trench covers were constructed to test the effectiveness of layered-soil cover designs in reducing infiltration. Three covers each consisted of a layer of gravel between an overlying wick layer of compacted fine-grained material (either silt or loam) and a compacted loam base; the fourth consisted of compactd silt over a loam base. Capillary pressures were monitored at various depths within each cover during October through December, 1985, a period of high rainfall following a dry summer.
Moisture movement in response to the rainfall was rapid within the upper layers of all four test covers, but was retained within the upper layers of the three wick-system trenches, despite variations in the design thickness and composition of the wick layers. In the wick systems, moisture did not enter the gravel until a threshold level of pressure approaching saturation was established in the wick layer. Once this level was reached, moisture moved into and through the gravel. This experiment demonstrates the functionality of field-scale wick systems.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.428","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"McGee, E.S., 1988, Potential for diamond in kimberlites from Michigan and Montana as indicated by garnet xenocryst compositions: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 2, p. 428-432, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.428.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"428","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f0ce4b0c8380cd7a8c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, E. S.","contributorId":75927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014123,"text":"1014123 - 1988 - Effects of the antimicrobic tiamulin on seven gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-15T23:46:45.392015","indexId":"1014123","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the antimicrobic tiamulin on seven gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens","docAbstract":"In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out with tiamulin and gram-negative bacterial pathogens of fish. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration for 51 strains of seven species of gram-negative bacterial pathogens showed that only strains of Vibrio anguillarum were sensitive at 1.6–6.25 ppm, while the rest of test strains required 25– >100 ppm. Control of infection was not achieved when tiamulin was fed for 14 days at 5 or 50 mg/kg to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri.
Trees show a record of the great Kanto earthquake of 1923 in Japan.
\nTwo minutes before noon on the morning of September 1, 1923, the Great Kanto earthquake occurred with a magnitude of 7.9 in the northern part of Mizukuma in Sagmi Prefecture, Japan. Fires broke out immediately following the earthquake, causing great damage in Tokyo and in Kanagawa. Deaths totaled 99,331 persons, with 43,476 missing; 128,266 houses partially destroyed, and 447,128 houses were destroyed by fire. Large earth movements occurred and there were innumerable landslides. Along the Kanto coastline, waves came crashing into the harbors; at Misaki the height of the waves was six meters, and 8.1 meters at Sunozaki. At Tokyo the amplitude of the vibrations renged from 14 to 20 centimeters and at Odawara they were estimated to have reached 80 centimeters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Oki, Y., and Otaka, S., 1988, The fir trees have moved: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 6, p. 224-225.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"225","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"17\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Japan\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[134.63843,34.14923],[134.76638,33.80633],[134.20342,33.20118],[133.79295,33.52199],[133.28027,33.28957],[133.01486,32.70457],[132.36311,32.98938],[132.37118,33.46364],[132.92437,34.0603],[133.49297,33.94462],[133.90411,34.36493],[134.63843,34.14923],[134.63843,34.14923]]],[[[140.97639,37.14207],[140.59977,36.34398],[140.77407,35.84288],[140.25328,35.13811],[138.97553,34.6676],[137.2176,34.60629],[135.79298,33.46481],[135.12098,33.84907],[135.07943,34.59654],[133.34032,34.37594],[132.15677,33.90493],[130.98614,33.88576],[132.00004,33.14999],[131.33279,31.45035],[130.68632,31.02958],[130.20242,31.41824],[130.44768,32.31947],[129.81469,32.61031],[129.40846,33.29606],[130.35394,33.60415],[130.87845,34.23274],[131.88423,34.74971],[132.61767,35.43339],[134.6083,35.73162],[135.67754,35.52713],[136.72383,37.30498],[137.39061,36.82739],[138.8576,37.82748],[139.4264,38.21596],[140.05479,39.43881],[139.88338,40.56331],[140.30578,41.19501],[141.36897,41.37856],[141.91426,39.99162],[141.8846,39.18086],[140.95949,38.174],[140.97639,37.14207],[140.97639,37.14207]]],[[[143.91016,44.1741],[144.61343,43.96088],[145.32083,44.38473],[145.54314,43.26209],[144.05966,42.98836],[143.18385,41.99521],[141.61149,42.67879],[141.06729,41.58459],[139.95511,41.56956],[139.81754,42.56376],[140.31209,43.33327],[141.38055,43.38882],[141.67195,44.77213],[141.96764,45.55148],[143.14287,44.51036],[143.91016,44.1741],[143.91016,44.1741]]]]}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cd90ece4b0b1892d9e832a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Y.","contributorId":167151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oki","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otaka, S.","contributorId":167152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otaka","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197161,"text":"70197161 - 1988 - Paleomagnetic results from the Shasta Bally Plutonic Belt in the Klamath Mountains Province, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T13:56:28","indexId":"70197161","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic results from the Shasta Bally Plutonic Belt in the Klamath Mountains Province, northern California","docAbstract":"Available paleomagnetic data show approximately 100° of clockwise rotation for Permian and Triassic strata of the Eastern Klamath terrane. Jurassic strata of this terrane are rotated approximately 60° clockwise, which is comparable to rotations reported for Jurassic plutons that occur elsewhere in the Klamath Mountains province. Paleomagnetic data obtained during the present study from the Shasta Bally belt of Cretaceous plutons indicate 25.7° ± 13.6° of clockwise rotation for the province since Early Cretaceous time (≃ 136 Ma). The waning stages of rotation at the time of emplacement of the Shasta Bally belt plutons, which was closely followed by deposition of basal strata (Lower Cretaceous) of the Great Valley sequence, probably represents completion of accretion of the province to cratonic North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/GL015i001p00056","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Irwin, W., and Gromme, C.S., 1988, Paleomagnetic results from the Shasta Bally Plutonic Belt in the Klamath Mountains Province, northern California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 15, no. 1, p. 56-59, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL015i001p00056.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.25,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123.25,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123.25,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff338fe4b0da30c1bfd91b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168773,"text":"70168773 - 1988 - Earthquakes, May-June 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-01T16:08:51","indexId":"70168773","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, May-June 1988","docAbstract":"There were no major earthquakes during the months of May and June. Only one earthquake-related death was reported; this occurred on June 20 in the Philippine Islands.
\nIn the United States, three moderate earthquakes were expereinced in California but none crashed deaths or injuries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1988, Earthquakes, May-June 1988: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 5, p. 196-198.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"196","endPage":"198","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d6cb54e4b015c306f32cc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197502,"text":"70197502 - 1988 - The relative contribution of accretion, shear, and extension to Cenozoic tectonic rotation in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T16:21:13","indexId":"70197502","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative contribution of accretion, shear, and extension to Cenozoic tectonic rotation in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"Large Cenozoic clockwise rotations defined by paleomagnetic data are an established fact in the Pacific Northwest, and many tectonic models have been proposed to explain them, including (1) rotation of accreted oceanic microplates during docking, (2) dextral shear between North America and northward-moving oceanic plates to the west, and (3) microplate rotation in front of an expanding Basin and Range province. Stratigraphic onlap relations and local structure indicate that microplate rotation during docking was not a major contributor to the observed rotations. Coast Range structures, Basin and Range extension, and paleomagnetic data from middle Miocene (15 Ma) Coast Range rocks indicate that dextral shear is responsible for at least 40% of the post-15 Ma rotation of the Coast Range and that Basin and Range extension is responsible for the remainder. Reconstructions based on extrapolation of this ratio back to 37 and 50 Ma are consistent with reconstructions based on paleomagnetic and stratigraphic relations in older rocks and suggest that dextral shear has, been a significant contributor to rotation during most of Tertiary time. Changes in the dextral-shear rotation rate over the past 50 m.y. correlate directly with changes in the velocity of the Farallon plate parallel to the coast and provide a strong argument for oblique subduction as the driving mechanism. Continental reconstructions incorporating shear may provide constraints on the rate of extension in the northernmost Basin and Range region and suggest 17% extension since 15 Ma, 39% since 37 Ma, and 72% since 50 Ma near latitude 42°N.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0325:TRCOAS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., and Heller, P.L., 1988, The relative contribution of accretion, shear, and extension to Cenozoic tectonic rotation in the Pacific Northwest: GSA Bulletin, v. 100, no. 3, p. 325-338, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0325:TRCOAS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c113026e4b034bf6a824e4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heller, Paul L.","contributorId":83924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168771,"text":"70168771 - 1988 - Earthquakes, January-February 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-01T16:01:55","indexId":"70168771","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, January-February 1988","docAbstract":"There was one major earthquake (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period, located in the Philippine Islands on February 24. The first earthquake-related deaths fro the year were reported in South Africa, Bangladesh, and California.
\nIn the United States, Southern California experienced a moderate earthquake on February 11.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1988, Earthquakes, January-February 1988: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 3, p. 124-128.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d6cb3fe4b015c306f32c6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013839,"text":"70013839 - 1988 - Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-06T15:41:38.682356","indexId":"70013839","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa","docAbstract":"New reflectance spectra have been obtained for both the leading and trailing sides of Europa, using the Cooled Grating Array Spectrometer (CGAS) of the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). The spectra are of higher precision than any yet obtained. Spectra of Europa's trailing side (central meridian longitude ≈300°) obtained in 1985 show two weak absorptions near 2.2 and 2.3 μm. Both of these features as well as others are seen in spectra obtained by R. N. Clark, R. B. Singer, P. D. Owensby, and F.P. Fanale (1980a, Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 12, 713–714) at similar central meridian longitude. Data obtained with an improved detector array in 1986, however, do not show the absorptions seen in the 1980 and 1985 spectra. It is not clear why the newest data do not show the apparent absorptions seen in previous years, but the suggestion is that either the 1980 and 1985 data are spurious or that the material responsible for the weak absorptions is no longer detectable. Analysis of the 1980 and 1985 data did not reveal any obvious source of systematic error capable of introducing spurious features, but we are skeptical of any explanation that cites transient deposition, movement, and/or destruction of material on Europa's trailing side to account for the nondetection of the features in the 1986 data. If the weak absorptions seen in the 1980 and 1985 data are real, they can be interpreted as indicating the transient spectroscopic presence of a molecular component on Europa's trailing side different from the water ice that is known to be the dominant surface constituent. Further monitoring is required to determine if the apparent absorptions are real.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(88)90041-3","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Cruikshank, D.P., Tokunaga, A.T., Smith, R.G., and Clark, R.N., 1988, Search for volatiles on icy satellites: I. Europa: Icarus, v. 74, no. 2, p. 262-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(88)90041-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8850e4b08c986b3168e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tokunaga, A. T.","contributorId":74136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tokunaga","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, R. G.","contributorId":50288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162685,"text":"70162685 - 1988 - Forecasting California’s earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T16:31:02","indexId":"70162685","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting California’s earthquakes","docAbstract":"The first official earthquake forecast for California emphasizes the broad extent of the hazard and the uncertainties involved in predicting the next quakes.
\nFor the first time, researchers have reached to a consensus on the threat of large earthquakes to California, things look no worse for Los Angles than before. It still has about a 60 percent chance of being shaken by a large earthquake sometime during the next 30 years. But other heavily populated areas of California, such as San Bernardino and the East Bay area of San Francisco, are now getting their fair share of attention. The new consensus also points up the considerable uncertainties invloved in earthquake forecasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1988, Forecasting California’s earthquakes: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 3, p. 114-119.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"119","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -120.003662109375,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 39.036252959636606\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -114.444580078125,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 34.31621838080741\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -114.54345703125,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 33.367237465838315\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -114.554443359375,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -114.49951171875,\n 32.93492866908233\n ],\n [\n -114.554443359375,\n 32.759562025650126\n ],\n [\n -114.730224609375,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -117.16918945312499,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -120.25634765624999,\n 33.201924189778936\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 34.243594729697406\n ],\n [\n -122.398681640625,\n 36.69485094156225\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -124.68383789062499,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -124.442138671875,\n 41.95949009892465\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.00848901572399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49c6e4b07ca61bfea546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168670,"text":"70168670 - 1988 - Earthquake warning system for Japan Railways’ bullet train; implications for disaster prevention in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T09:10:28","indexId":"70168670","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake warning system for Japan Railways’ bullet train; implications for disaster prevention in California","docAbstract":"In Japan, the level of public awareness of the dangers of earthquakes is high. The 1923 Kanto earthquake killed about 120,000 people out of a total Japanese population of about 50 million; an equivalent disaster in the U.S would involve 600,000 deaths.
\nToday, Japanese society is well aware of the prediction of the Tokai earthquake. It is estimated by the Tokyo earthquake. It is estimated by the Tokyo muncipal government that this predicted earthquake could kill 30,000 people. (this estimate is viewed by many as conservative; other Japanese government agencies have made estimates but they have not been published.) Reduction in the number deaths from 120,000 to 30,000 between the Kanto earthquake and the predicted Tokai earthquake is due in large part to the reduction in the proportion of wooden construction (houses).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Nakamura, Y., and Tucker, B.E., 1988, Earthquake warning system for Japan Railways’ bullet train; implications for disaster prevention in California: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 4, p. 140-155.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"155","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"17\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Japan\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[134.63843,34.14923],[134.76638,33.80633],[134.20342,33.20118],[133.79295,33.52199],[133.28027,33.28957],[133.01486,32.70457],[132.36311,32.98938],[132.37118,33.46364],[132.92437,34.0603],[133.49297,33.94462],[133.90411,34.36493],[134.63843,34.14923],[134.63843,34.14923]]],[[[140.97639,37.14207],[140.59977,36.34398],[140.77407,35.84288],[140.25328,35.13811],[138.97553,34.6676],[137.2176,34.60629],[135.79298,33.46481],[135.12098,33.84907],[135.07943,34.59654],[133.34032,34.37594],[132.15677,33.90493],[130.98614,33.88576],[132.00004,33.14999],[131.33279,31.45035],[130.68632,31.02958],[130.20242,31.41824],[130.44768,32.31947],[129.81469,32.61031],[129.40846,33.29606],[130.35394,33.60415],[130.87845,34.23274],[131.88423,34.74971],[132.61767,35.43339],[134.6083,35.73162],[135.67754,35.52713],[136.72383,37.30498],[137.39061,36.82739],[138.8576,37.82748],[139.4264,38.21596],[140.05479,39.43881],[139.88338,40.56331],[140.30578,41.19501],[141.36897,41.37856],[141.91426,39.99162],[141.8846,39.18086],[140.95949,38.174],[140.97639,37.14207],[140.97639,37.14207]]],[[[143.91016,44.1741],[144.61343,43.96088],[145.32083,44.38473],[145.54314,43.26209],[144.05966,42.98836],[143.18385,41.99521],[141.61149,42.67879],[141.06729,41.58459],[139.95511,41.56956],[139.81754,42.56376],[140.31209,43.33327],[141.38055,43.38882],[141.67195,44.77213],[141.96764,45.55148],[143.14287,44.51036],[143.91016,44.1741],[143.91016,44.1741]]]]}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cd90d3e4b0b1892d9e82bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakamura, Y.","contributorId":70117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakamura","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, B. E.","contributorId":167150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168823,"text":"70168823 - 1988 - Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T16:43:57","indexId":"70168823","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Program","docAbstract":"The Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Program (SSSDP) was the first large-scale drilling project undertaken by the U.S Continental Scientific Drilling Program. The objectives of the SSSDP were (1) to drill a deep well into the Salton Sea Geothermal Field in the Imperial Valley of California, (2) to retrieve a high percentage of core and cuttings along the entire depth of the well, (3) to obtain a comprehensive suite of geophysical logs, (4) to conduct flow tests at two depths (and to take fluid samples therefrom), and (5) to carry out several downhole experiments. These activites enabled the U.S Geological Survey and cooperating agencies to study the physical and chemical processes involved in an active hydrothermal system driven by a molten-rock heat source. This program, orginally conceived by Wilfred A. Elders, professor of geology at the University of California at Riverside, was coordinated under an inter-agency accord among the Geological Survey, the U.S Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., 1988, Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Program: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 4, p. 156-160.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.58990478515625,\n 33.27543541298162\n ],\n [\n -115.70251464843749,\n 33.09614359735857\n ],\n [\n -115.56243896484374,\n 33.05471648804276\n ],\n [\n -115.46905517578124,\n 33.23179557851464\n ],\n [\n -115.58990478515625,\n 33.27543541298162\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d96e5ee4b015c306f764c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162568,"text":"70162568 - 1988 - Volcanology in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T14:56:47","indexId":"70162568","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanology in Hawaii","docAbstract":"Polynesians who first inhabited the Hawaiian Islands told in legend about Pele, Goddess of volcanic fires, who migrated from the Island of Kauai to Oahu, then to Maui, and finally to her present home in Kilauea Volcano's Halemaumau Crater on the Island of Hawaii. Geologists today accept this same relative age progressions for the evolution of the islands, demonstrating the kernels of geologic truth may lie in long-lived myths and legends.
\nJ.D. Dana, a geologist with a United states exploring expedition in the 1840's, was the first to write about the increase in age of the Hawaiian Islands to the northwest. He noted that weathering of the lavas, erosional destruction of the islands by waves and streams and the growth of reeds around the islands progressively increased away from the Island of Hawaii. He correctly established the islands' relative ages, but absolute ages had to wait for over 120 years until radioactive age-dating techniques became available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Decker, R., and Decker, B., 1988, Volcanology in Hawaii: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 1, p. 4-30.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.642333984375,\n 22.31958944283391\n ],\n [\n -160.46630859375,\n 21.993988560906022\n ],\n [\n -160.103759765625,\n 21.57571893245848\n ],\n [\n -159.312744140625,\n 21.688057256795453\n ],\n [\n -158.203125,\n 21.248422235627014\n ],\n [\n -157.027587890625,\n 20.73556590521865\n ],\n [\n -156.59912109375,\n 20.097206227083888\n ],\n [\n -156.192626953125,\n 19.663280219987662\n ],\n [\n -155.89599609375,\n 18.823116948090483\n ],\n [\n -155.28076171875,\n 18.823116948090483\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 19.425153718960157\n ],\n [\n -154.676513671875,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 20.797201434307\n ],\n [\n -156.544189453125,\n 21.186972714123776\n ],\n [\n -158.323974609375,\n 22.044913300245675\n ],\n [\n -159.49951171875,\n 22.329752304376473\n ],\n [\n -159.642333984375,\n 22.31958944283391\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6d5e4b0b28f1184dc2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Decker, R.","contributorId":152591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, B.","contributorId":152592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168772,"text":"70168772 - 1988 - Earthquakes, March-April 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-01T16:05:50","indexId":"70168772","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, March-April 1988","docAbstract":"There were two major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period. the first, a magnitude 7.6, was centered in the Gulf of Alaska on March 6 and the second, a magnitude 7.0, occurred near the coast of southern Peru on April 12.
\nIn the United States, the largest earthquake was the magnitude 7.6 in the Gulf of Alaska on Merch 6. A series of moderate and light earthquakes occurred in Hawaii.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1988, Earthquakes, March-April 1988: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 4, p. 167-171.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d6cb51e4b015c306f32cb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}