{"pageNumber":"4685","pageRowStart":"117100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70176446,"text":"70176446 - 1988 - Geomorphic measurements after a flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T12:13:22","indexId":"70176446","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geomorphic measurements after a flood","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flood geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"9780471625582","usgsCitation":"Wiley, 1988, Geomorphic measurements after a flood, chap. <i>of</i> Flood geomorphology, 503 p.","productDescription":"503 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da74b2e4b090824ffb7e45"}
,{"id":44400,"text":"wri874159 - 1988 - Hydrogeology of the Croton-Ossining area, Westchester County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T18:46:32.72238","indexId":"wri874159","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4159","title":"Hydrogeology of the Croton-Ossining area, Westchester County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology of a 29-sq-mi area surrounding the village of Croton-on-Hudson, New York, is summarized on 6 sheets at 1:12 ,000 scale that show locations of wells and test holes, surficial geology, geologic sections, bedrock geology, land use, and soil permeability. The primary stratified-drift aquifer in this area is the Croton River aquifer, which consists of outwash sand and gravel that partly fills the Croton River valley from the New Croton Dam to the Hudson River--a distance of approximately 3 miles. The valley is narrow and ranges in width from 100 to 1,900 ft, and its v-notch bedrock floor ranges from 30 to 50 ft below sea level. Detailed hydrogeologic studies during 1936-38 showed the stratigraphy to consist of an upper water-table aquifer with a saturated thickness of about 35 ft, underlain by a silt and clay confining unit 8 to o0 ft in thickness that in turn is underlain by a lower confined outwash aquifer up to 40 ft thick. Aquifer-test data and laboratory permeability tests show that the average hydraulic conductivity of the upper outwash aquifer is 475 ft/d, and that of the lower confined aquifer is about 300 ft/d. The aquifer is recharged through direct precipitation, runoff from adjacent hillsides, and leakage under the new Croton Dam. Previous studies estimate the average leakage under the dam to be 0.65 Mgal/d and the total average daily recharge to the aquifer between New Croton Dam and Quaker Bridge to be 1.73 Mgal/d.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874159","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., 1988, Hydrogeology of the Croton-Ossining area, Westchester County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4159, 5 Plates: 46.20 x 34.52 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874159.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 46.20 x 34.52 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414118,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46819.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81689,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81688,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81687,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81686,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81685,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Westchester County","otherGeospatial":"Croton-Ossining area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.925,\n              41.1528\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.8306,\n              41.1528\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.8306,\n              41.2389\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.925,\n              41.2389\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.925,\n              41.1528\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6151f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013811,"text":"70013811 - 1988 - Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T01:03:37.70955","indexId":"70013811","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1214,"text":"Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data","docAbstract":"<p>To resolve confusion due to expression of isotopic data from different laboratories on non-corresponding scales, oxygen isotope analyses of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>all substances</i><span>&nbsp;</span>can be expressed relative to VSMOW or VPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) on scales normalized such that the δ<sup>18</sup>O of SLAP is −55.5% relative to VSMOW.</p><p>H<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>contribution in hydrogen isotope ratio analysis can be easily determined using two gaseous reference samples that differ greatly in deuterium content.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(88)90042-5","issn":"01689622","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T., 1988, Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data: Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section, v. 72, no. 4, p. 293-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(88)90042-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67c5e4b0c8380cd734a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014407,"text":"70014407 - 1988 - Hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurements to 2.1 km depth at Cajon Pass, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T01:09:48.007359","indexId":"70014407","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurements to 2.1 km depth at Cajon Pass, California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Stress measurements to 2.1 km reveal stress changes with depth that cannot be explained by an elastic response to uniform crustal strain. The data at about 1 km depth suggest that the stress is limited by the frictional strength of rock and is perturbed at greater depths by faults which intersect the borehole. The stress data indicate that there is little or no right-lateral shear stress acting on planes parallel to the San Andreas fault.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL015i009p01005","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Healy, J.H., and Zoback, M.D., 1988, Hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurements to 2.1 km depth at Cajon Pass, California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 15, no. 9, p. 1005-1008, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL015i009p01005.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1008","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32ece4b0c8380cd5eb9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013814,"text":"70013814 - 1988 - Internal tides and sediment movement on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70013814","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal tides and sediment movement on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains","docAbstract":"Internal tidal currents are the likely cause of erosional features such as current ripples, sand waves, and truncated bedding horizons on the sediment cap of Horizon Guyot. Current meter data obtained over a 9 month period in 1983-1984 at about 213 m above the guyot show that the tidal currents are anomalously strong for mid-oceanic depths, probably the result of topographically induced generation of internal tidal waves. An analysis of the initiation of motion of the foraminiferal sand by the internal tidal currents indicates that these currents, particularly during the months of March-May, are likely to transport the surficial sediment and generate the observed bedforms. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02238001","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D., Schwab, W.C., Noble, M., and Tate, G., 1988, Internal tides and sediment movement on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 8, no. 1, p. 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238001.","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238001"},{"id":219823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d31e4b0c8380cd63397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, M.","contributorId":15340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, G.","contributorId":27603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013816,"text":"70013816 - 1988 - Erosion and slope instability on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70013816","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion and slope instability on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains","docAbstract":"Seismic-reflection profiles, sediment cores, and current velocities were assessed to study the impact of erosion and sediment redistribution on the pelagic sediment cap of Horizon Guyot, a flat-topped submarine volcanic ridge in the Mid-Pacific Mountains. These processes seem to concentrate their effect around the rim of the sediment cap. Sediment slumping occurs on the northwest perimeter of the guyot's sediment cap. Slope stability analysis suggests that if overconsolidation on Horizon Guyot is the result of current reworking or if local undercutting by bottom currents steepens the sea floor declivity, the sediment cap may be unstable during infrequent earthquake loading, transporting sediment from the guyot summit to the abyssal sea floor. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02238000","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Lee, H., Kayen, R.E., Quinterno, P., and Tate, G.B., 1988, Erosion and slope instability on Horizon Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 8, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238000.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238000"},{"id":219825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a37e4b0c8380cd52256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinterno, P. J.","contributorId":65465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinterno","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tate, G. B.","contributorId":46119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014296,"text":"70014296 - 1988 - National water-quality assessment: Future directions of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:29:30","indexId":"70014296","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National water-quality assessment: Future directions of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Throughout U.S. history, the Nation has made major investments in assessing natural resources, such as soils, minerals, and hydrocarbons. The maintenance and the improvement of water quality has been one of the major areas of public investment and government regulation. One of the contributions the U.S. Geological Survey proposes to make is to provide a strong, high quality National Water-Quality Assessment Program to underpin and unify the Nation's water-quality activities. Such an assessment program will satisfy a decisive share of the attainable, national scale, water quality information objectives.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03032.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Cohen, P., Alley, W., and Wilber, W.G., 1988, National water-quality assessment: Future directions of the U.S. Geological Survey: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1147-1151, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03032.x.","startPage":"1147","endPage":"1151","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267752,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03032.x"},{"id":226078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6291e4b0c8380cd71fad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Philip","contributorId":61576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013817,"text":"70013817 - 1988 - Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:53:37.222328","indexId":"70013817","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>Various concepts have been proposed or used in the development of Theological models for debris flow. The earliest model developed by Bagnold was based on the concept of the “dispersive” pressure generated by grain collisions. Bagnold's concept appears to be theoretically sound, but his empirical model has been found to be inconsistent with most theoretical models developed from non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics. Although the generality of Bagnold's model is still at issue, debris‐flow modelers in Japan have generally accepted Takahashi's formulas derived from Bagnold's model. Some efforts have recently been made by theoreticians in non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics to modify or improve Bagnold's concept or model. A viable rheological model should consist both of a rate‐independent part and a ratedependent part. A generalized viscoplastic fluid (GVF) model that has both parts as well as two major rheological properties (i.e., the normal stress effect and soil yield criterion) is shown to be sufficiently accurate, yet practical, for general use in debris‐flow modeling. In fact, Bagnold's model is found to be only a particular case of the GVF model. Analytical solutions for (steady) uniform debris flows in wide channels are obtained from the GVF model based on Bagnold's simplified assumption of constant grain concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:3(237)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1988, Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 3, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:3(237).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a144ae4b0c8380cd549a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013815,"text":"70013815 - 1988 - Asymptotic Rayleigh instantaneous unit hydrograph","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70013815","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3479,"text":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asymptotic Rayleigh instantaneous unit hydrograph","docAbstract":"The instantaneous unit hydrograph for a channel network under general linear routing and conditioned on the network magnitude, N, tends asymptotically, as N grows large, to a Rayleigh probability density function. This behavior is identical to that of the width function of the network, and is proven under the assumption that the network link configuration is topologically random and the link hydraulic and geometric properties are independent and identically distributed random variables. The asymptotic distribution depends only on a scale factor, {Mathematical expression}, where ?? is a mean link wave travel time. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01544196","issn":"09311955","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Karlinger, M., 1988, Asymptotic Rayleigh instantaneous unit hydrograph: Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, v. 2, no. 1, p. 73-78, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544196.","startPage":"73","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204975,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544196"},{"id":219824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee99e4b0c8380cd49e59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69537,"text":"hu21 - 1988 - Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T19:19:37.397831","indexId":"hu21","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":319,"text":"Hydrologic Unit","code":"HU","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/hu21","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit 21, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 37.87 x 21.73 inches, 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013658,"text":"70013658 - 1988 - Bacterial ethane formation from reduced, ethylated sulfur compounds in anoxic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-06T06:31:00","indexId":"70013658","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial ethane formation from reduced, ethylated sulfur compounds in anoxic sediments","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id6\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p>Trace levels of ethane were produced biologically in anoxic sediment slurries from five chemically different aquatic environments. Gases from these locations displayed biogenic characteristics, having<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>12</sup>C-enriched values of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>CH</i><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(−62<span>&nbsp;</span><i>to</i><span>&nbsp;</span>−86%.),<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><sub>2</sub><i>H</i><sub>6</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(−35<span>&nbsp;</span><i>to</i><span>&nbsp;</span>−55%.) and high ratios (720 to 140,000) of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>CH</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mtext>[C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mtext>H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mtext>+ C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mtext>H</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>8</mn></msub><mtext>]</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">CH4[C2H6+ C3H8]</span></span></span>. Endogenous production of ethane by slurries was inhibited by autoclaving or by addition of the inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES). Ethane formation was stimulated markedly by ethanethiol (ESH), and, to a lesser extent, by diethylsulfide (DES). Formation of methane and ethane in ESH- or DES-amended slurries was blocked by BES. Experiments showed that ethionine (or an analogous compound) could be a precursor of ESH. Ethylamine or ethanol additions to slurries caused only a minor stimulation of ethane formation. Similarly, propanethiol additions resulted in only a minor enhancement of propane formation. Cell suspensions of a methyltrophic methanogen produced traces of ethane when incubated in the presence of DES, although the organism did not grow on this compound. These results indicate that methanogenic bacteria produce ethane from the traces of ethylated sulfur compounds present in recent sediments. Preliminary estimates of stable carbon isotope fractionation associated with sediment methane formation from dimethylsulfide was about 40%., while ethane formation from DES and ESH was only 4. 6 and 6.5%., respectively.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90013-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Whiticar, M.J., Strohmaier, F., and Kiene, R., 1988, Bacterial ethane formation from reduced, ethylated sulfur compounds in anoxic sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 7, p. 1895-1904, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90013-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1895","endPage":"1904","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef9ee4b0c8380cd4a365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whiticar, Michael J.","contributorId":72124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiticar","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strohmaier, F.E.","contributorId":37893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strohmaier","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiene, R.P.","contributorId":33050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiene","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013745,"text":"70013745 - 1988 - Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:28","indexId":"70013745","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange","docAbstract":"The oxygen isotope ratios of various minerals were measured in a granulite-grade iron formation in the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Estimates of temperature and pressure for the terrane using well calibrated geothermometers and geobarometers are 730??50?? C and 5.5??0.5 kbar. The mineral constraints on fluid compositions in the iron formation during retrogression require either very CO2-rich fluids or no fluid at all. In the iron formation, isotopic temperature estimates from quartz-magnetite fractionations are controlled by the proximity to the enclosing granitic gneiss, and range from 500?? C (??qz - mt=10.0???) within 2-3 meters of the orthogneiss contact to 600?? C (??qz - mt=8.0???) farther from the contact. Temperature estimates from other isotopic thermometers are in good agreement with those derived from the quartz-magnetite fractionations. During prograde metamorphism, the isotopic composition of the iron formation was lowered by the infiltration of an external fluid. Equilibrium was achieved over tens of meters. Closed-system retrograde exchange is consistent with the nearly constant whole-rock ??18Owr value of 8.0??0.6???. The greater ??qz-mt values in the iron formation near the orthogneiss contact are most likely due to a lower oxygen blocking temperature related to greater exchange-ability of deformed minerals at the contact. Cooling rates required to preserve the quartz-magnetite fractionations in the central portion of the iron formation are unreasonably high (???800?? C/Ma). In order to preserve the 600?? C isotopic temperature, the diffusion coefficient D (for ??-quartz) should be two orders of magnitude lower than the experimentally determined value of 2.5??10-16 cm2/s at 833 K. There are no values for the activation energy (Q) and pre-exponential diffusion coefficient (D0), consistent with the experimentally determined values, that will result in reasonable cooling rates for the Wind River iron formation. The discrepancy between the diffusion coefficient inferred from the Wind River terrane and that measured experimentally is almost certainly due to the enhancement of exchange by the presence of water in the laboratory experiments. Cooling rate estimates were also determined for iron formation retrograded under water-rich conditions. Application of the experimentally determined data to these rocks results in a reasonable cooling rate estimate, supporting the conclusion that the presence of water greatly enhances oxygen diffusion. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00372366","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Sharp, Z., O’Neil, J.R., and Essene, E., 1988, Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 4, p. 490-501, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372366.","startPage":"490","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480008,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/47346>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372366"},{"id":220500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72ade4b0c8380cd76c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, Z.D.","contributorId":58391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Z.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":36376,"text":"b1625 - 1988 - Bedrock geology of the Vipond Park 15-minute, Stine Mountain 7 1/2-minute, and Maurice Mountain 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Pioneer Mountains, Beaverhead County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T18:12:01.090306","indexId":"b1625","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1625","title":"Bedrock geology of the Vipond Park 15-minute, Stine Mountain 7 1/2-minute, and Maurice Mountain 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Pioneer Mountains, Beaverhead County, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1625","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., 1988, Bedrock geology of the Vipond Park 15-minute, Stine Mountain 7 1/2-minute, and Maurice Mountain 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Pioneer Mountains, Beaverhead County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1625, Report: viii, 49 p.; 2 Plates: 57.64 x 29.96 inches and 53.95 x 29.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1625.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 49 p.; 2 Plates: 57.64 x 29.96 inches and 53.95 x 29.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":97369,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1625/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97368,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1625/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1625/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":109770,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21817.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21817"},{"id":64316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1625/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Beaverhead County","otherGeospatial":"Vipond Park 15-minute, Stine Mountain 7 1/2 -minute, and Maurice Mountain 7 1/2-minute quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.125,\n              45.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.125,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.75,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.75,\n              45.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.125,\n              45.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633f09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E-an","contributorId":38564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-an","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013832,"text":"70013832 - 1988 - The formation and failure of natural dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T00:52:12.021496","indexId":"70013832","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The formation and failure of natural dams","docAbstract":"<p>Of the numerous kinds of dams that form by natural processes, dams formed from landslides, glacial ice, and late-neoglacial moraines present the greatest threat to people and property. Landslide dams form in a wide range of physiographic settings. The most common types of mass movements that form landslide dams are rock and debris avalanches; rock and soil slumps and slides; and mud, debris, and earth flows. The most common initiation mechanisms for dam-forming landslides are excessive rainfall and snowmelt and earthquakes.</p><p>Landslide dams can be classified into six categories based on their relation with the valley floor. Type I dams (11% of 184 landslide dams from around the world that we were able to classify) do not reach from one valley side to the other. Type II dams (44%) span the entire valley floor, in some cases depositing material high on opposite valley sides. Type III dams (41%) move considerable distances both upstream and downstream from the landslide failure. Type IV dams (&lt;1%) are rare and involve the contemporaneous failure of material from both sides of a valley. Type V dams (&lt;1%) also are rare and are created when a single landslide sends multiple tongues of debris into a valley and forms two or more landslide dams in the same reach of river. Type VI dams (3%) involve one or more failure surfaces that extend under the stream or valley and emerge on the opposite valley side.</p><p>Many landslide dams fail shortly after formation. In our sample of 73 documented landslide-dam failures, 27% of the landslide dams failed less than 1 day after formation, and about 50% failed within 10 days. Over-topping is by far the most common cause of failure. The timing of failure and the magnitude of the resulting floods are controlled by dam size and geometry; material characteristics of the blockage; rate of inflow to the impoundment; size and depth of the impoundment; bedrock control of flow; and engineering controls such as artificial spill-ways, diversions, tunnels, and planned breaching by blasting or conventional excavation.</p><p>Glacial-ice dams can produce at least nine kinds of ice-dammed lakes. The most dangerous are lakes formed in main valleys dammed by tributary glaciers. Failure can occur by erosion of a drainage tunnel under or through the ice dam or by a channel over the ice dam. Cold polar-ice dams generally drain supraglacially or marginally by downmelting of an outlet channel. Warmer, temperate-ice dams tend to fail by sudden englacial or subglacial breaching and drainage.</p><p>Late-neoglacial moraine-dammed lakes are located in steep mountain areas affected by the advances and retreats of valley glaciers in the last several centuries. These late-neoglacial dams pose hazards because (1) they are sufficiently young that vegetation has not stabilized their slopes, (2) many dam faces are steeper than the angle of repose, (3) these dams and lakes are immediately downslope from steep crevassed glaciers and near-vertical rock slopes, and (4) downstream from these dams are steep canyons with easily erodible materials that can be incorporated in the flow and increase flood peaks. The most common reported failure mechanism is overtopping and breaching by a wave or series of waves in the lake generated by icefalls, rockfalls, or snow or rock avalanches. Melting of ice cores or frozen ground and piping and seepage are other possible failure mechanisms.</p><p>Natural dams may cause upstream flooding as the lake rises and downstream flooding as a result of failure of the dam. Although data are few, for the same potential energy at the dam site, ownstream flood peaks from the failure of glacier-ice dams are smaller than those from landslide, moraine, and structed earth-fill and rock-fill dam failures. Moraine-dam failures appear to produce some of the largest downstream flood peaks for potential energy at the dam site greater than 10<sup>11</sup>-10<sup>12</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>joules. Differences in flood peaks natural-dam failures appear to be controlled by dam characteristics and failure mechanisms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1054:TFAFON>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., and Schuster, R.L., 1988, The formation and failure of natural dams: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, no. 7, p. 1054-1068, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1054:TFAFON>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1054","endPage":"1068","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e7de4b0c8380cd534aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, John E.","contributorId":105743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Robert L.","contributorId":19162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013652,"text":"70013652 - 1988 - Rare earth elements in the phosphatic-enriched sediment of the Peru shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T11:10:21.066687","indexId":"70013652","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth elements in the phosphatic-enriched sediment of the Peru shelf","docAbstract":"<p><span>Apatite-enriched materials from the Peru shelf have been analyzed for their major oxide and rare earth element (REE) concentrations. The samples consist of (1) the fine fraction of sediment, mostly clay material, (2) phosphatic pellets and fish debris, which are dispersed throughout the fine-grained sediment, (3) tabular-shaped phosphatic crusts, which occur within the uppermost few centimeters of sediment, and (4) phosphatic nodules, which occur on the seafloor. The bulk REE concentrations of the concretions suggest that these elements are partitioned between the enclosed detrital material and the apatite fraction. Analysis of the fine-grained sediment with which the samples are associated suggested that this detrital fraction in the concretions should have shale REE values; the analysis of the fish debris suggested that the apatite fraction might have seawater values. The seawater contribution of REE's is negligible in the nodules and crust, in which the apatite occurs as a fine-grained interstitial cement. That is, the concentration of REE's and the REE patterns are predominantly a function of the amount of enclosed fine-grained sediment. By contrast, the REE pattern of the pelletal apatite suggests a seawater source and the absolute REE concentrations are relatively high. The&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>REE</mtext><mtext>P</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mtext>O</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>5</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">REEP2O5</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;ratios of the apatite fraction of these samples thus vary from approximately zero (in the case of the crust and nodules) to as much as approximately 1.2 × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;(in the case of the pellets). The range of this ratio suggests that rather subtle variations in the depositional environment might cause a significant variation in the REE content of this authigenic fraction of the sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(88)90093-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., Baedecker, P.A., Crock, J., Burnett, W.C., and Loebner, B., 1988, Rare earth elements in the phosphatic-enriched sediment of the Peru shelf: Marine Geology, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 269-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90093-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a951fe4b0c8380cd8180a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loebner, B.J.","contributorId":23686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loebner","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013303,"text":"70013303 - 1988 - Semianalytical computation of path lines for finite-difference models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T11:21:41.615036","indexId":"70013303","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semianalytical computation of path lines for finite-difference models","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>A semianalytical particle tracking method was developed for use with velocities generated from block centered finite-difference ground-water flow models. The method is based on the assumption that each directional velocity component varies linearly within a grid cell in its own coordinate directions. This assumption allows an analytical expression to be obtained describing the flow path within an individual grid cell. Given the initial position of a particle anywhere in a cell, the coordinates of any other point along its path line within the cell, and the time of travel between them, can be computed directly. For steady-state systems, the exit point for a particle entering a cell at any arbitrary location can be computed in a single step. By following the particle as it moves from cell to cell, this method can be used to trace the path of a particle through any multidimensional flow field generated from a block-centered finite-difference flow model.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00425.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D., 1988, Semianalytical computation of path lines for finite-difference models: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 6, p. 743-750, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00425.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"750","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d09e4b08c986b31823a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, D.W.","contributorId":30967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013787,"text":"70013787 - 1988 - FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013787","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2129,"text":"JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES.","docAbstract":"The loss of professional experience and expertise in the domain of the earth sciences may prove to be one of the most serious outcomes of the boom-and-bust cyclic nature of the volatile energy and mining industries. Promising new applications of powerful computer systems, known as 'expert systems' or 'knowledge-based systems', are predicted for use in the earth science. These systems have the potential capability to capture and preserve the invaluable knowledge bases essential to the evaluation of US energy and mineral resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01492136","usgsCitation":"Miller, B., 1988, FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES.: JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 348-352.","startPage":"348","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e85e4b0c8380cd534d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Betty M.","contributorId":92231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Betty M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013671,"text":"70013671 - 1988 - Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:21:22","indexId":"70013671","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico","docAbstract":"We have developed algorithms for modelling seismic waveforms to constrain regional Earth structure. The seismogram is represented as a sum of locked-mode travelling waves in a layered medium. This representation is convenient as it allows us to model structures with slowly varying heterogeneity and to construct differential seismograms. Describes the techniques we have implemented that enable us to compute synthetic and differential seismograms in an efficient and stable manner. The computational methods are sufficiently rapid that many modes can be included and in some cases the entire seismogram may be modified. These algorithms are applied to model a set of seismograms of southern Mexican earthquakes recorded in northern Mexico. The frequency bandwidth of these data is centred at 0.067 Hz and we demonstrate that even at these relatively high frequencies, many features of the seismogram can be successfully modelled. Our results suggest that the structure within the recording array in northern Mexico is resolvably different from that to the south. We find that the average shear velocity of the lower lithosphere of southern Mexico is very low, approximately 4.3 km s-1. If the low-velocity region is confined to the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, the shear velocities between 20-80 km depth are approximately 3.3 km s-1. This may be correlated with partial melt and is consistent with the active volcanism and high heat flow found in the region. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x","issn":"02759128","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., and Masters, T.G., 1988, Waveform modelling using locked-mode synthetic and differential seismograms: application to determination of the structure of Mexico: Geophysical Journal International, v. 94, no. 2, p. 193-218, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x.","startPage":"193","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269139,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1988.tb05896.x"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfa1e4b08c986b32e9fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.S.","contributorId":102095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masters, T. Guy","contributorId":93191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013290,"text":"70013290 - 1988 - Fractional-step method for two-dimensional estuarine transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013290","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fractional-step method for two-dimensional estuarine transport","docAbstract":"The fractional-step method was used in this study to split the longitudinal advective transport term from the other terms in the two-dimensional, laterally-averaged equation for estuarine mass transport. The method of characteristics with spline interpolations was used to approximate the longitudinal advective transport. A general discussion of the fractional-step method, the specific algorithm developed in this investigation, and results of numerical tests are presented. Application of the fractional-step method in conjunction with the characteristic-spline scheme offers the potential for improved simulations of transport for situations in which concentration gradients are steep.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., and Holley, E.R., 1988, Fractional-step method for two-dimensional estuarine transport, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 1182-1187.","startPage":"1182","endPage":"1187","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13a6e4b0c8380cd54710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holley, Edward R.","contributorId":104096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holley","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013666,"text":"70013666 - 1988 - The role of mantle CO2 in volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T06:25:07","indexId":"70013666","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of mantle CO2 in volcanism","docAbstract":"<p>Carbon dioxide is the propellant gas in volcanic eruptions and is also found in mantle xenoliths. It is speculated that CO2 occurs as a free gas phase in the mantle because there is no reason to expect CO2 to be so universally associated with volcanic rocks unless the CO2 comes from the same source as the volcanic rocks and their xenoliths. If correct, the presence of a free gas in the mantle would lead to physical instability, with excess gas pressure providing the cause of both buoyancy of volcanic melts and seismicity in volcanic regions. Convection in the mantle and episodic volcanic eruptions are likely necessary consequences. This suggestion has considerable implications for those responsible for providing warnings of impending disasters resulting from volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in volcanic regions.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(88)90107-2","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Barnes, I., Evans, W.C., and White, L.D., 1988, The role of mantle CO2 in volcanism: Applied Geochemistry, v. 3, no. 3, p. 281-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(88)90107-2.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"281","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf81e4b08c986b32484b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, I.","contributorId":23678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013830,"text":"70013830 - 1988 - The effect of mining on the sediment - trace element geochemistry of cores from the Cheyenne River arm of Lake Oahe, South Dakota, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:52:19","indexId":"70013830","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of mining on the sediment - trace element geochemistry of cores from the Cheyenne River arm of Lake Oahe, South Dakota, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Six cores, ranging in length from 1 to 2 m, were collected in the Cheyenne River arm of Lake Oahe, South Dakota, to investigate potential impacts from gold-mining operations around Lead, South Dakota. Sedimentation rates in the river arm appear to be event-dominated and rapid, on the order of 6-7 cm yr.-1. All the chemical concentrations in the core samples fall within the wide ranges previously reported for the Pierre Shale of Cretaceous age and with the exception of As, generally are similar to bed sediment levels in the Cheyenne River, Lake Oahe and Foster Bay. Based on the downcore distribution of Mn, it appears that reducing conditions exist in the sediment column of the river arm below 2-3 cm. The reducing conditions do not appear to be severe enough to produce differentiation of Fe and Mn throughout the sediment column in the river arm. Cross-correlations for high-level metal-bearing strata within the sediment column can be made for several strata and for several cores; however, cross-correlations for all the high-level metal-bearing strata are not feasible. As is the only element which appears enriched in the core samples compared to surface sediment levels. Well-crystallized arsenopyrite was found in high-As bearing strata from two cores and probably was transported in that form from reducing sediment-storage sites in the banks or floodplains of Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River. It has not oxidized due to the reducing conditions in the sediment column of the Cheyenne River arm. Some As may also be transported in association with Fe- and Mn-oxides and -hydroxides, remobilized under the reducing conditions in the river arm, and then reprecipitated in authigenic sulfide phases. In either case, the As appears to be relatively immobile in the sediment column. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(88)90003-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Callender, E., 1988, The effect of mining on the sediment - trace element geochemistry of cores from the Cheyenne River arm of Lake Oahe, South Dakota, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 67, no. 1-2, p. 17-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90003-4.","startPage":"17","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266090,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90003-4"},{"id":220280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab37e4b08c986b322cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003146,"text":"1003146 - 1988 - Control of nuisance populations of crayfish with traps and toxicants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:53:04.544531","indexId":"1003146","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of nuisance populations of crayfish with traps and toxicants","docAbstract":"<p><span>Crayfish have long been a nuisance in fishrearing ponds at fish hatcheries. The rusty crayfish (</span><i>Orconectes rusticus</i><span>) has displaced endemic species and caused serious declines of aquatic plants in some ponds and lakes in the midwestern USA. We attempted to evaluate the effect of intensive trapping on a crayfish population and to identify a selective chemical control agent and evaluate its effectiveness under field conditions. A crayfish population in a small pond was suppressed but not eliminated by trapping; adults were effectively harvested but efficiency diminished sharply as the population declined. Of 19 chemicals tested as possible control agents for crayfish, a synthetic pyrethroid (Baythroid) was by far the most toxic; 25 μg/L produced a complete kill of crayfish in the pond and was also the most selective for crayfish in laboratory tests.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050%3C0103:CONPOC%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bills, T., and Marking, L.L., 1988, Control of nuisance populations of crayfish with traps and toxicants: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 50, no. 2, p. 103-106, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050%3C0103:CONPOC%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013168,"text":"70013168 - 1988 - Geochemistry of water at Cajon Pass, California: Preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T01:17:58.171448","indexId":"70013168","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of water at Cajon Pass, California: Preliminary results","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Samples of water and associated gases were collected from the Cajon Pass well using downhole samplers, and from the pipe stands at the completion of drill stem tests. The fluids were recovered from fracture systems in granitic rocks from two uncased test intervals located at 1,829 to 1,905 m and 1,829 to 2,115 m. Results of chemical analysis indicate major differences in the composition of water from different fracture systems. Water from one fracture system in the first test interval has a salinity of 2,150 mg/L dissolved solids and is relatively high in Cl, Ca and Fe, but low in HCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub>; water salinity from a second fracture system is only 950 mg/L and is dominated by Na, HCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub>. Most of the water from the second interval likely originated from one fracture system; it is alkaline, low in HCO<sub>3</sub>, has a salinity of 1,150 mg/L, and is a NaSO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>type water characteristic of pore water in the granitic rocks of the area. The differences in water composition indicate different evolutionary paths and isolation of water within relatively proximal fracture systems.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL015i009p01037","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Ambats, G., Evans, W.C., and White, A.F., 1988, Geochemistry of water at Cajon Pass, California: Preliminary results: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 15, no. 9, p. 1037-1040, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL015i009p01037.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1040","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220238,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1727e4b0c8380cd553da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambats, G.","contributorId":64825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambats","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013726,"text":"70013726 - 1988 - Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:38:34.704288","indexId":"70013726","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","docAbstract":"<p><span>Physiographic, hydrologic, and rainfall data from 18 small drainage basins in semiarid, central Wyoming were used to calibrate topological, unit‐hydrograph models for celerity, the average rate of travel of a flood wave through the basin. The data set consisted of basin characteristics and hydrologic data for the 18 basins and rainfall data for 68 storms. Calibrated values of celerity and peak discharges subsequently were regressed as a function of the basin characteristics and excess rainfall volume. Predicted values obtained in this way can be used as input for estimating hydrographs in ungaged basins. The regression models included ordinary least‐squares and seemingly unrelated regression. This latter regression model jointly estimated the celerity and peak discharge. The correlation between residuals of the celerity and peak‐discharge regressions was sufficiently large to de‐, crease the variances of estimated univariate‐model parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M.R., Guertin, D.P., and Troutman, B., 1988, Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 114, no. 4, p. 446-456, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9340e4b0c8380cd80ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":366732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014714,"text":"70014714 - 1988 - Air encapsulation during infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:22:18.255661","indexId":"70014714","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air encapsulation during infiltration","docAbstract":"<p><span>A series of field and laboratory experiments were performed to measure the effects of air encapsulation within the soil's transmission zone upon several infiltration properties. In the field, infiltration rates were measured using a double-cap infiltrometer (DCI), and soil-water contents were measured using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Before half of the infiltration experiments, CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;was injected through the DCI into the soil to reduce the amount of air encapsulation in the soil's transmission zone. For a gravelly loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.38 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for control experiments and 0.43 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.42 cm min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the control experiments compared to 4.40 cm min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;experiments. For a sandy loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.43 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for control experiments compared with 0.45 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;experiments. The average final infiltration rate was 0.09 cm min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the control experiments compared with 0.42 cm min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;experiments. In the laboratory, infiltration experiments were performed using repacked soil columns (15-cm i.d. by 140 cm long), again using TDR and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;flooding. For a medium sand as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.29 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for the control experiments and 0.36 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.25 cm min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the control experiments and 1.23 cm min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;experiments. For a loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.45 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for the control experiments and 0.50 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.02 cm min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the control experiments and 0.10 cm min</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;experiments. These results suggest that a significant portion of the total encapsulated air resided in interconnected pores within the soil's transmission zone. For the time scale considered, this residual air caused the effective hydraulic conductivity of the transmission zone to remain at a level no greater than 20% of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010002x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Herkelrath, W., and Murphy, F., 1988, Air encapsulation during infiltration: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 1, p. 10-16, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010002x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e917e4b0c8380cd480bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, F.","contributorId":42358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}