Wetlands occur in geologic and hydrologic settings that enhance the accumulation or retention of water. Regional slope, local relief, and permeability of the land surface are major controls on the formation of wetlands by surface-water sources. However, these landscape features also have significant control over groundwater flow systems, which commonly play a role in the formation of wetlands. Because the hydrologic system is a continuum, any modification of one component will have an effect on contiguous components. Disturbances commonly affecting the hydrologic system as it relates to wetlands include weather modification, alteration of plant communities, storage of surface water, road construction, drainage of surface water and soil water, alteration of groundwater recharge and discharge areas, and pumping of groundwater. Assessments of the cumulative effects of one or more of these disturbances on the hydrologic system as related to wetlands must take into account uncertainty in the measurements and in the assumptions that are made in hydrologic studies. For example, it may be appropriate to assume that regional groundwater flow systems are recharged in uplands and discharged in lowlands. However, a similar assumption commonly does not apply on a local scale, because of the spatial and temporal dynamics of groundwater recharge. Lack of appreciation of such hydrologic factors can lead to misunderstanding of the hydrologic function of wetlands within various parts of the landscape and mismanagement of wetland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01867539","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1988, A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on the hydrology of nontidal wetlands: Environmental Management, v. 12, no. 5, p. 605-620, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867539.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867539"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e392e4b0c8380cd460db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013705,"text":"70013705 - 1988 - Liquid-vapor relations in the critical region of the system NaCl-H2O from 380 to 415°C: A refined determination of the critical point and two-phase boundary of seawater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T10:56:25","indexId":"70013705","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquid-vapor relations in the critical region of the system NaCl-H2O from 380 to 415°C: A refined determination of the critical point and two-phase boundary of seawater","docAbstract":"Pressure-temperature-composition (P-T-x) relations for coexisting vapor and liquid phases in the system NaCl-H2O were determined experimentally in the critical region from 380 to 415°C. The results provide much improved control on the P-T-x critical line in this region. The critical point of seawater (3.2 wt% NaCl solution), which is bracketed in the present study, is at 407°C and 298.5 bar. In addition, the P-T two-phase boundary of seawater was re-determined. These results provide increased precision and accuracy for theoretical models of critical phenomena in this important two-component system and of the limiting P- Tconditions of seawater in seafloor geothermal systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90192-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1988, Liquid-vapor relations in the critical region of the system NaCl-H2O from 380 to 415°C: A refined determination of the critical point and two-phase boundary of seawater: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 8, p. 2121-2126, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90192-5.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2121","endPage":"2126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4802e4b0c8380cd67b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":366676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013648,"text":"70013648 - 1988 - Comprehensive method of characteristics models for flow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:44:10.648175","indexId":"70013648","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comprehensive method of characteristics models for flow simulation","docAbstract":"The use of the specified time interval (STI) numerical schemes has been popular in applying the method of characteristics (MOC) to unsteady open‐channel flow problems. Studies and analyses of several variants of the STI schemes have led to the derivation of a new scheme, referred to herein as the multimode scheme, which combines implicit, temporal reachback, spatial reachback, and classical schemes into one. Three numerical models have been developed to implement the implicit and multimode schemes. The IMOCDS model uses an implicit scheme, with which the time step is no longer subject to the Courant constraint. The remaining two models, NEWMOC and SPRMOC, are two versions of the multimode scheme. The NEWMOC and SPRMOC models demonstrate all the advantages previously provided by individual STI schemes, cover the combined flow range of the various schemes involved, and, in addition, display newly acquired benefits such as robustness. Numerical analyses, numerical experiments, and field applications that verify, support, and demonstrate the enhanced model capabilities are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:9(1074)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., 1988, Comprehensive method of characteristics models for flow simulation: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 9, p. 1074-1097, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:9(1074).","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1074","endPage":"1097","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dce4b0c8380cd4b435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":94168,"text":"94168 - 1988 - Longevity of rainbow trout antibody-producing cells after in vitro immunization culture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:59","indexId":"94168","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Longevity of rainbow trout antibody-producing cells after in vitro immunization culture","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invertebrate and Fish Tissue Culture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Japan Scientific Societies Press; Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Tokyo, Japan; Berlin, Germany","collaboration":"88-048/FH","usgsCitation":"Dixon, O.W., Anderson, D.P., Kimenai, R., and Lizzio, E.F., 1988, Longevity of rainbow trout antibody-producing cells after in vitro immunization culture, chap. of Invertebrate and Fish Tissue Culture, p. 228-231.","productDescription":"p. 228-231","startPage":"228","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f06a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kuroda, Y.","contributorId":55762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuroda","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505241,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurstak, E.","contributorId":113556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurstak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505243,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maramorosch, K.","contributorId":64587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maramorosch","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505242,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, O. W.","contributorId":101588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimenai, R.","contributorId":8411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimenai","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lizzio, E. F.","contributorId":50471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizzio","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187626,"text":"70187626 - 1988 - Populations, productivity, and feeding habits of seabirds on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: Final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T12:22:42","indexId":"70187626","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Populations, productivity, and feeding habits of seabirds on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: Final report","docAbstract":"A field camp was established at Kongkok Bay near the southwest cape of St. Lawrence Island and occupied continuously from 24 May to 2 September 1987. Permanent study plots were selected for both cliff and crevice-nesting species, and regular observations were made throughout the breeding season to document attendance patterns, breeding phenology, and success. Periodic collections of adults offshore and of chick meals in the colonies were used to determine the food habits of study species. Additional plots for population monitoring of murres and kittiwakes were established in colonies near Savoonga on the north side of the island, and counts were made there between 23 July and 1 August. Shore based work was supplemented with offshore studies of seabird foraging distribution from the USFWS vessel TIGLAX between 18 August and 3 September 1987.
Populations of all study species in the Kongkok Bay area increased since the last study of seabirds there (murres 20, kittiwakes 87, Least Auklets 8, Crested Auklets 442). Pelagic Cormorants, Common Murres, and Thick-billed Murres exhibited average, or above average, breeding success at Kongkok in 1987. Black-legged Kittiwakes exhibited near-total reproductive failure. Crested and Least Auklets had high levels of breeding success after the effects of observer disturbance were taken into account. Predation by microtine rodents and foxes was a significant source of chick mortality on auklets.
Feeding concentrations were found primarily north of Gambell in the Anadyr Strait or western Chirikof Basin. Kittiwakes were dispersed widely over the study area. Diets of all species studied were normal and, with the exception of kittiwakes, there was no evidence of problems in obtaining food.
Current methods for assessing population changes in cliff-nesting species are considered adequate, but better techniques are needed for crevice-nesting auklets. Time-lapse photography offers the greatest potential for monitoring auklet numbers. A protocol is suggested for monitoring populations of murres, kittiwakes, and auklets at colonies in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. It calls for annual visits to selected colonies during two stages of the nesting cycle to assess numbers and breeding productivity.
The breeding failure of Black-legged Kittiwakes on St. Lawrence Island in 1987 was part of a pervasive syndrome of failure in this species observed throughout the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska in recent years. The causes of recurrent, widespread breeding failure need to be identified if kittiwakes are to have a role in area-wide population monitoring during the period of Alaskan development by the oil and gas industry.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Fish and Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Hatch, S.A., Roberts, B.D., Lidster, W.W., Wells, J.L., and Haney, J.C., 1988, Populations, productivity, and feeding habits of seabirds on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: Final report, xvi, 235 p.","productDescription":"xvi, 235 p.","numberOfPages":"254","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://alaska.usgs.gov/products/pubs/1988/1988_Piatt_etal_MMS_REP_88-022.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"St. Lawrence Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -172.386474609375,\n 62.72956747019657\n ],\n [\n -168.013916015625,\n 62.72956747019657\n ],\n [\n -168.013916015625,\n 63.95184936610536\n ],\n [\n -172.386474609375,\n 63.95184936610536\n ],\n [\n -172.386474609375,\n 62.72956747019657\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59157821e4b01a342e691472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Bay D.","contributorId":181868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lidster, Wayne W.","contributorId":189277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lidster","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, John L.","contributorId":189278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haney, J. Christopher","contributorId":48043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":85378,"text":"85378 - 1988 - Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:57","indexId":"85378","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle","docAbstract":"We outline a population model proposed to accommodate the full life cycle of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Events during the breeding season are better understood than events at other times of the year, but recent findings suggest the importance of phenomena away from the breeding grounds. Several processes are discussed relative to mallard population dynamics. Compensatory mortality is a poorly understood concept, but one that can overwhelm many other components of a population model. Diseases and environmental contaminants can inflict indirect as well as direct mortality and can reduce reproduction. They interact with numerous other variables in complex and yet unknown ways. Recent evidence of a wintering-ground effect on subsequent recruitment provides one avenue for modeling phenomena occurring at different times of the year. Finally, the role of heterogeneity among individuals is widely acknowledged but not fully appreciated. We illustrate with an example the importance of heterogeneity to population processes, including compensatory mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl in winter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Minnesota Press","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Nichols, J., Conroy, M., and Cowardin, L., 1988, Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle, chap. of Waterfowl in winter, p. 9-20 [624 pp.].","productDescription":"p. 9-20 [624 pp.]","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63c7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weller, M.W.","contributorId":54562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013691,"text":"70013691 - 1988 - Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013691","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea","docAbstract":"The unique depositional environment of the Atlantis II Deep brine pool in the Red Sea produces a stratiform metalliferous deposit of greater areal extent than deposits formed by buoyant-plume systems typical of the midocean ridges because of much more efficient metal entrapment. Isotopic analyses of strontium, sulfur, carbon, and oxygen from the metalliferous sediments indicate that three major sources contribute dissolved components to the hydrothermal system: seawater, Miocene evaporites, and rift-zone basalt. An areally restricted magnetite-hematite-pyroxene assemblage formed at high temperatures, possibly in response to hydrothermal convection initiated by intrusion of basalt into the metalliferous sediment. A correlation between smectite Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios and oxygen isotope temperatures suggests that smectite is a potentially important chemical geothermometer, and confirms geochemical calculations indicating that Mg-rich smectite is more stable than Fe-rich smectite at elevated temperatures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Seafloor Hydrothermal Mineralization","conferenceDate":"5 February 1987 through 6 February 1987","conferenceLocation":"Montreal, Que, Can","language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Zierenberg, R.A., and Shanks, W.C., 1988, Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 26 pt 3, p. 737-753.","startPage":"737","endPage":"753","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26 pt 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbae4b0c8380cd6477c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":53432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013689,"text":"70013689 - 1988 - Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013689","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields","docAbstract":"The truncated shifted Pareto (TSP) distribution, a variant of the two-parameter Pareto distribution, in which one parameter is added to shift the distribution right and left and the right-hand side is truncated, is used to model size distributions of oil and gas fields for resource assessment. Assumptions about limits to the left-hand and right-hand side reduce the number of parameters to two. The TSP distribution has advantages over the more customary lognormal distribution because it has a simple analytic expression, allowing exact computation of several statistics of interest, has a \"J-shape,\" and has more flexibility in the thickness of the right-hand tail. Oil field sizes from the Minnelusa play in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana, are used as a case study. Probability plotting procedures allow easy visualization of the fit and help the assessment. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00892970","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Houghton, J., 1988, Use of the truncated shifted Pareto distribution in assessing size distribution of oil and gas fields: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 907-937, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00892970.","startPage":"907","endPage":"937","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892970"},{"id":220327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfa1e4b08c986b329c8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, J.C.","contributorId":72801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houghton","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013712,"text":"70013712 - 1988 - Dichlorobenzene in ground water: Evidence for long-term persistence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:01:51","indexId":"70013712","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dichlorobenzene in ground water: Evidence for long-term persistence","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and geochemical evidence were used to establish the long-term persistence of dichlorobenzene in ground water that has been contaminated from 50 years of rapid-infiltration sewage disposal. An extensive plume of dichlorobenzene extends more than 3,500 meters downgradient from the disposal beds, with concentrations of the combined isomers ranging from less than 0.01 to over 1.0 ??g/l. Based on estimates of maximum ground-water flow velocities, a minimum age of 20 years was established for the farthest downgradient zone of dichlorobenzene contamination. Branched-chained, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid surfactants, that were introduced into the ground water prior to 1966, occur along with dichlorobenzene in the downgradient part of the plume, further establish residence of the compounds in the aquifer for at least 20 years. Although dichlorobenzene can be biologically degraded under aerobic conditions, its persistence at this field site is attributed to the dynamics of the ground-water system. Denitrifying conditions, resulting from the degradation of organic compounds in the aquifer near the disposal beds, appear to have enhanced the persistence of dichlorobenzene, which is not degraded by anaerobic bacteria. Biological degradation of dichlorobenzene in the aerobic part of the plume downgradient from the source is probably limited by the paucity of a suitable organic-carbon substrate and the low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the contaminated ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00419.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., 1988, Dichlorobenzene in ground water: Evidence for long-term persistence: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 6, p. 696-732, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00419.x.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"732","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00b3e4b0c8380cd4f880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95036,"text":"95036 - 1988 - Effects of LHRHa and testosterone implants on the maturation of snook","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:57","indexId":"95036","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effects of LHRHa and testosterone implants on the maturation of snook","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Parks and Wildlife Department","collaboration":"89-060/FC","usgsCitation":"Henderson-Arzapalo, A., Colura, R., and Van Orman, J., 1988, Effects of LHRHa and testosterone implants on the maturation of snook.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson-Arzapalo, A.","contributorId":92607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson-Arzapalo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colura, R.L.","contributorId":53721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colura","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Orman, J.","contributorId":56589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Orman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013698,"text":"70013698 - 1988 - Simulation and video animation of canal flushing created by a tide gate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70013698","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation and video animation of canal flushing created by a tide gate","docAbstract":"A tide-gate algorithm was added to a one-dimensional unsteady flow model that was calibrated, verified, and used to determine the locations of as many as five tide gates that would maximize flushing in two canal systems. Results from the flow model were used to run a branched Lagrangian transport model to simulate the flushing of a conservative constituent from the canal systems both with and without tide gates. A tide gate produces a part-time riverine flow through the canal system that improves flushing along the flow path created by the tide gate. Flushing with no tide gates and with a single optimally located tide gate are shown with a video animation.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1988, Simulation and video animation of canal flushing created by a tide gate, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 788-793.","startPage":"788","endPage":"793","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fe8e4b08c986b3191f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013829,"text":"70013829 - 1988 - The solubility of noble gases in crude oil at 25-100°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T10:49:23","indexId":"70013829","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The solubility of noble gases in crude oil at 25-100°C","docAbstract":"The solubility of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe was measured in two typical crude oils at temperatures of 25–100°C. The oil samples were obtained from the Elk Hills oil field located in southern San Joaquin Valley, California. The experimental procedure consisted of placing a known amount of gas with a known volume of crude oil in a stainless steel hydrothermal pressure vessel. The vessel was housed inside an oven and the entire unit rotates providing continuous mixing. The amount of gas dissolved in oil at a measured temperature and partial pressure of gas was used to calculate the solubility constants for these gases. Results show that the solubility of He and Ne in both oils is approximately the same; solubility then increases with atomic mass, with the solubility of Xe at 25°C being two orders of magnitude higher than that of He. The gas solubilities are somewhat higher in the lower density (higher API gravity) oil. The solubility of Ar is approximately constant in the range of temperatures of this study. The solubilities of He and Ne increase, but those of Kr and Xe decrease with increasing temperatures. Solubilities of noble gases in crude oil are significantly higher than their solubilities in water. For example, the solubilities of He and Xe at 25°C in the light oil of this study are, respectively, 3 and 24 times higher than their solubilities in pure water, and they are 15 and 300 times higher than in a brine with a salinity of 350,000 mg/l dissolved solids. These large and variable differences in the solubilities of noble gases in oil and water indicate that, in sedimentary basins with oil, these gases must be partitioned between oil, water and natural gas before they are used to deduce the origin and residence time of these fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(88)90001-7","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., and Specht, D.J., 1988, The solubility of noble gases in crude oil at 25-100°C: Applied Geochemistry, v. 3, no. 2, p. 137-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(88)90001-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb042e4b08c986b324d34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Specht, Daniel J.","contributorId":6999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Specht","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186709,"text":"70186709 - 1988 - Marine petroleum source rocks and reservoir rocks of the Miocene Monterey Formation, California, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:39:50","indexId":"70186709","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Marine petroleum source rocks and reservoir rocks of the Miocene Monterey Formation, California, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The Miocene Monterey Formation of California, a biogenous deposit derived mainly from diatom debris, is important both as a petroleum source and petroleum reservoir. As a source, the formation is thought to have generated much of the petroleum in California coastal basins, which are among the most prolific oil provinces in the United States. Oil generated from the Monterey tends to be sulfur-rich and heavy (<20° API), and has chemical characteristics that more closely resemble immature source extracts than \"normal\" oil. Thermal-maturity indicators in Monterey kerogens appear to behave anomalously, and several lines of evidence indicate that the oil is generated at lower than expected levels of organic metamorphism. As a reservoir, the Monterey is important due both to conventional production from permeable sandstone beds and to fracture production from fine-grained rocks with low matrix permeability. Fractured reservoirs are difficult to identify, and conventional well-log analysis has not proven to be very useful in exploring for and evaluating these reservoirs. Lithologically similar rocks are broadly distributed throughout the Circum-Pacific region, but their petroleum potential is unlikely to be realized without recognition of the distinctive source and reservoir characteristics of diatomaceous strata and their diagenetic equivalents.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum resources of China and related subjects","language":"English","publisher":"Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources","usgsCitation":"Isaacs, C., 1988, Marine petroleum source rocks and reservoir rocks of the Miocene Monterey Formation, California, U.S.A, chap. of Petroleum resources of China and related subjects, p. 825-848.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"825","endPage":"848","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a555e4b09da6799d6426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaacs, C.M.","contributorId":44163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186207,"text":"70186207 - 1988 - Using GIS to evaluate map data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T13:45:16","indexId":"70186207","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using GIS to evaluate map data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Madigan, M.E., Sturdevant, J.A., and Roberts, C., 1988, Using GIS to evaluate map data: Geotimes, v. 33, no. 4, p. 14-15.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6acfe4b02ff32c6aeaa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madigan, Michael E.","contributorId":71887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madigan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturdevant, J. A.","contributorId":88350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturdevant","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, C.A.","contributorId":99091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014780,"text":"70014780 - 1988 - A New Species of Pulvinites (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Upper Paleocene Paspotansa Member of the Aquia Formation in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T11:46:37.750416","indexId":"70014780","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A New Species of Pulvinites (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Upper Paleocene Paspotansa Member of the Aquia Formation in Virginia","docAbstract":"Pulvinites lawrencei n.sp. is described from the upper Paleocene (Landenian Stage) Paspotansa Member of the Aquia Formation in Stafford County, Virginia. This is the first report of a member of the pteriacean family Pulvinitidae in the Tertiary on either side of the Atlantic, the only other post-Mesozoic records of Pulvinites being in the Paleocene of California and the present-day Pacific off southeast Australia. The stratigraphic setting and co-occurring molluscan assemblage of the new species indicate shallow-shelf, open-marine conditions with near normal salinities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Ward, L.W., and Waller, T., 1988, A New Species of Pulvinites (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Upper Paleocene Paspotansa Member of the Aquia Formation in Virginia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, no. 1, p. 51-55.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430385,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1305254"},{"id":225599,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b4e4b0c8380cd46869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, L. W.","contributorId":58704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waller, T.R.","contributorId":9395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014864,"text":"70014864 - 1988 - Determining baseline element composition of lichens. I. Parmelia sulcata at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T15:02:03.012129","indexId":"70014864","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining baseline element composition of lichens. I. Parmelia sulcata at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Element-concentration baselines are given for Parmelia sulcata and associated soils. Parmelia chlorochroa was found sporadically and therefore only representative concentration ranges are reported for this species. Element data include (1) for lichens; Al, As, Ba, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Sr, S, Ti, V, Y, and Zn; and (2) for soils: Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Nb, P, Pb, Sr, S, Ti, V, Y, and Zn. Very little (usually < 10 %) of the variability in the element data for lichen material occurs regionally (> 7.2 km); thus, P sukata is, in general, chemically similar throughout the park. This same uniformity was found for soil geochemistry. Numerous samples collected at close intervals would be required, therefore, to produce detailed element-concentration maps for P. sulcata and soils. No instances of elemental phytotoxic conditions were found; however, P. sulcata apparently possesses large concentrations of Ba, Cu, Fe, Pb, S, V, and possibly Zn.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00279594","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Severson, R.C., and Jackson, L.L., 1988, Determining baseline element composition of lichens. I. Parmelia sulcata at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 157-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279594.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00279594","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.518128167602484\n ],\n [\n -103.2220458984375,\n 47.518128167602484\n ],\n [\n -103.2220458984375,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.518128167602484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffece4b0c8380cd4f497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014848,"text":"70014848 - 1988 - Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs: A framework for making management decisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T19:42:31","indexId":"70014848","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":698,"text":"Ambio","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs: A framework for making management decisions","docAbstract":"The development of management strategies for the protection of environmental quality usually involves consideration both of technical and nontechnical issues. A logical, step-by-step framework for development of such strategies is provided. Its application to the control of cultured eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs illustrates its potential usefulness. From the perspective of the policymaker, the main consideration is that the eutrophication-related water quality of a lake or reservoir can be managed for given water uses. The approach presented here allows the rational assessment of relevant water-quality parameters and establishment of water-quality goals, consideration of social and other nontechnical issues, the possibilities of public involvement in the decision-making process, and a reasonable economic analysis within a management framework.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ambio","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00447447","usgsCitation":"Rast, W., and Holland, M., 1988, Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs: A framework for making management decisions: Ambio, v. 17, no. 1, p. 2-12.","startPage":"2","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269518,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4313411"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bd2e4b0c8380cd528c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rast, W.","contributorId":35476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rast","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holland, M.","contributorId":17380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014847,"text":"70014847 - 1988 - Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T15:27:20.583113","indexId":"70014847","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1569,"text":"Environmental Technology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Soil humic acids from different environments were fractionated by adsorption chromatography on Sephadex and characterized by C‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The C‐13 NMR spectra of the fractions consist of some sharp, well‐resolved lines and some broad bands in contrast to the spectra of the unfractionated humic acids, where the bands are broader and less well‐resolved. The marked increase in resolution is apparently due to increased homogeneity of the fractions. These spectra are compared to the spectra of model compounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/09593338809384538","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., Thorn, K.A., and Pinckney, D., 1988, Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Environmental Technology Letters, v. 9, no. 1, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384538.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4cbe4b0c8380cd4bf0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinckney, D.J.","contributorId":23175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinckney","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014846,"text":"70014846 - 1988 - Leachate generated by an oil-and-gas brine pond site in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T11:18:43.888666","indexId":"70014846","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leachate generated by an oil-and-gas brine pond site in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Two unlined ponds were used for holding and evaporation of brines produced with oil and gas at a well site in north-central North Dakota. The brine-evaporation ponds were in use from 1959 up to the late 1970s when they were backfilled and leveled. Continued salt-water migration at this site since closure has decreased crop yields in surrounding fields and has killed trees in a shelterbelt within an area of approximately 10 acres.
An apparent resistivity survey delineated a 360,000-ft2 area of extremely low resistivity. Isoconcentration maps indicate that a highly saline leachate plume extends laterally in a 500-foot radius around the ponds and vertically to a depth of 70 feet below the surface.
Ground-water recharge at this site is low because of the semiarid climate and the low hydraulic conductivity of the near-surface sediments and, as a result, very little flushing of the brine from the sediment beneath the ponds has occurred. Pore water within the unsaturated zone beneath the reclaimed ponds contains essentially the same ionic concentrations as that: of brine impounded in these pits 10 to 25 years ago.
Based upon the results of this research, we estimate that brine leachate will continue to migrate at slow rates from this site for tens and possibly hundreds of years if no action is taken. The construction of a mound over the site and/or an infiltration gallery around the perimeter would minimize the spread of brine and make it possible to return this land to production in the foreseeable future.
On 31 January 1986, at 11:46 EST, an earthquake of mb = 5.0 occurred about 40 km east of Cleveland, Ohio, and about 17 km south of the Perry Nuclear Power Plant. The earthquake was felt over a broad area, including 11 states, the District of Columbia, and parts of Ontario, Canada, caused intensity VI-VII at distances of 15 km, and generated relatively high accelerations (0.18 g) of short duration at the Perry plant. Thirteen aftershocks were detected as of 15 April, with six occurring within the first 8 days. Two of the aftershocks were felt. Magnitudes for the aftershocks ranged from about 0.5 to 2.5. Focal depths for all of the earthquakes ranged from 2 to 6 km. Except for one small earthquake, all of the aftershocks occurred in a very tight cluster with a north-northeast orientation. Focal mechanisms of the aftershocks exhibit predominantly oblique right-slip motion on nearly vertical nodal planes oriented N15° to 45°E, with a nearly horizontal P axis north of east.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780010188","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, C., Roeloffs, E., and Wesson, R.L., 1988, The northeastern Ohio earthquake of 31 January 1986: Was it induced?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 1, p. 188-217, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780010188.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/1/188/102303/The-northeastern-Ohio-earthquake-of-31-January"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.61150833824179,\n 41.988098644388344\n ],\n [\n -82.61150833824179,\n 40.99235950994091\n ],\n [\n -80.86468216636675,\n 40.99235950994091\n ],\n [\n -80.86468216636675,\n 41.988098644388344\n ],\n [\n -82.61150833824179,\n 41.988098644388344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae25e4b08c986b323f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, C.","contributorId":39118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014759,"text":"70014759 - 1988 - Making maps with computers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014759","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":743,"text":"American Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Making maps with computers","docAbstract":"Soon after their introduction in the 1950s, digital computers were used for various phases of the mapping process, especially for trigonometric calculations of survey data and for orientation of aerial photographs on map manuscripts. In addition, computer-controlled plotters were used to draw simple outline maps. The process of collecting data for the plotters was slow and not as precise as those produced by the best manual cartography. Only during the 1980s has it become technologically feasible and cost-effective to assemble and use the data required to automate the mapping process. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Scientist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00030996","usgsCitation":"Guptill, S., and Starr, L., 1988, Making maps with computers: American Scientist, v. 76, no. 2, p. 136-142.","startPage":"136","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c38e4b0c8380cd69ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guptill, S.C.","contributorId":84417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starr, L.E.","contributorId":79231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starr","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014758,"text":"70014758 - 1988 - Taolin Zn-Pb-fluorite deposit, People's Republic of China: An example of some problems in fluid inclusion research on mineral deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T16:03:12.060684","indexId":"70014758","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taolin Zn-Pb-fluorite deposit, People's Republic of China: An example of some problems in fluid inclusion research on mineral deposits","docAbstract":"The large Taolin zinc–lead–fluorite deposit in the People’s Republic of China was discovered 28 years ago, but whether its genetic affiliation is Mississippi Valley-type, epithermal, or mesothermal has remained uncertain. Both the ore and gangue (cherty to coarse quartz, plus barite, chlorite and calcite) occur as open space filling in a major fault zone between granite and metasedimentary rocks. Following barren, pre-ore quartz, three stages of ore are recognized by Wang (1978) and Wang et al. 1981. Our studies on 400 fluid inclusions, from all 4 stages, show homogenization temperatures of 120–200°C (av. =160) and salinities of 0 to 14wt% equiv. NaCl (av. 7.7). These results differ greatly from some previously published sulphur isotopic temperatures (221–344°C), and data for five inclusions that are more saline (9.0–17.7 wt% equiv. NaCl) and much hotter (up to 345°C).
This study provides good examples of a variety of problems that are encountered in the application of fluid inclusion data to mineral deposit research in general. These problems include mine sampling, inclusion sampling, inclusion measurement, changes in inclusions after trapping, disagreement with other data, genetic affiliation of the deposit, and possible application of the results to exploration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0163","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., and Howard, K., 1988, Taolin Zn-Pb-fluorite deposit, People's Republic of China: An example of some problems in fluid inclusion research on mineral deposits: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 145, no. 1, p. 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.1.0163.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3dce4b08c986b31ff31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, K.W.","contributorId":43111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014757,"text":"70014757 - 1988 - Paleoseismicity and neotectonics of the Cordillera Blanca fault zone, northern Peruvian Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:38:52.420497","indexId":"70014757","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismicity and neotectonics of the Cordillera Blanca fault zone, northern Peruvian Andes","docAbstract":"The Cordillera Bianca fault zone is a major west dipping normal fault that bounds the west side of a 120- to 170-km-wide zone of active extension along the crest of the northern Peruvian Andes. The fault is approximately 210 km long and exhibits continuous geomorphic evidence of repeated late Pleistocene and Holocene displacements but has not been the source of historical or teleseismically recorded earthquakes. Trenching and mapping of fault scarps provide new information on earthquake recurrence, slip rate, timing of the most recent events, and Andean neotectonics. At Quebrada Queroccocha, 55 km from the south end of the zone, an 11,000- to 14,000-year-old moraine is displaced 12–15 m, and younger valley fill lacustrine and fluvial deposits are displaced 7.5–8 m. Scarp profiles, tectonic terraces, and trench exposures indicate five to seven scarp-forming earthquakes of 2–3 m per event during the past 11,000–14,000 years at this location. Considering uncertainties in the number of events and in the age of the displaced moraine, the average recurrence interval is estimated to be 2440±1060 years. Detrital charcoal from colluviums that predate and postdate the most recent event yielded ages of 2480±65 and 750+80 14C years B.P., respectively, and stratigraphic relationships suggest that the event may be closer to the older date. The late Quaternary slip rate at Quebrada Queroccocha is 0.86–1.36 mm/yr and appears to be representative of much of the fault zone. At Pachma Bajo, located 30 km from the north end of the zone on a separate segment, displacement during each of the past two events was 2 to ≥ 3 m. The morphology of scarps in alluvial fan and debris flow deposits indicates recurrence intervals of about 1000–3000 years. Relationships between pre-Inca walls and faulted deposits suggest that 1500–2000 years have elapsed since the most recent event. Fault behavior parameters, particularly displacement per event and fault segment length, show that the Cordillera Bianca fault zone is similar to seismogenic normal faults that nucleate M 7–7½ earthquakes at depths of approximately 15 km. The Quebrada Queroccocha slip rate and analysis of other normal faults in the region suggest cumulative late Quaternary extensional strain rates of about 1–4 mm/yr across the complete zone of Andean crestal extension.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04712","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, D.P., 1988, Paleoseismicity and neotectonics of the Cordillera Blanca fault zone, northern Peruvian Andes: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4712-4730, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04712.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"4712","endPage":"4730","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7449e4b0c8380cd77566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014756,"text":"70014756 - 1988 - Cobalt- and platinum-rich ferromanganese crusts and associated substrate rocks from the Marshall Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-15T11:41:39.468786","indexId":"70014756","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cobalt- and platinum-rich ferromanganese crusts and associated substrate rocks from the Marshall Islands","docAbstract":"Earthquake hypocenters within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon are interpreted as showing that the direction of plate dip changes from northeast beneath the Puget Sound region to east-southeast beneath southwestern Washington. The shallowest hypocenters within the Juan de Fuca plate are between 30- to 40-km depth, and the distribution of these events strikes north-northeast from near the mouth of the Columbia River to the northern Olympic Mountains. The distribution of hypocenters between 40 to 50 km generally strikes parallel with the shallowest events, but shows a significant broadening beneath the eastern Olympic Mountains and Puget Sound. Events with depths greater than 50 km south of the 1965 Seattle earthquake (mb = 6.5) strike north-northeast, approximately parallel with the shallower distributions; however, north of this event, the distribution of these deeper hypocenters strikes northwest. This change in the distribution of earthquake hypocenters reflects an upward arching of the Juan de Fuca plate plate beneath Puget Sound compared with the depth of the plate beneath southwestern Washington. The T axis calculated for the 1949 South Puget Sound earthquake (MS = 7.1) is oriented to the southeast, and the 20° plunge of the T axis is in good agreement with the plate dip angle determined from the earthquake hypocenters. We conclude that the 1949 earthquake resulted at least in part from down-dip tensional forces within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. One consequence of the change in the direction of plate dip is that volcanic front in Washington is everywhere perpendicular to the dip of the Juan de Fuca plate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780010264","usgsCitation":"Weaver, C., and Baker, G., 1988, Geometry of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon from seismicity: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 1, p. 264-275, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780010264.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 50.332968063146296\n ],\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 42.70034938825228\n ],\n [\n -116.15927442716894,\n 42.70034938825228\n ],\n [\n -116.15927442716894,\n 50.332968063146296\n ],\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 50.332968063146296\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2770e4b0c8380cd598b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, G.E.","contributorId":90744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}