Lake Coyote, California, which formed in one of five basins along the Mojave River, acted both as a part of the Lake Manix basin and, after the formation of Afton Canyon and draining of Lake Manix ca. 24.5 calibrated (cal) ka, a side basin that was filled episodically for the next 10,000 yr. As such, its record of lake level is an important counterpart to the record of the other terminal basin, Lake Mojave, following the draining of Lake Manix. We studied lake and fluvial deposits and their geomorphology and identified five principal periods of recurring lakes in the Coyote basin by dating mollusks. Several of these periods in detail consist of multiple lake-rise pulses, for which we identified specific fluvial deposits that represent the Mojave River entering the basin. The pulsed record of rapid lake rise and decline is interpreted as switching of the Mojave River between Lake Coyote and Lake Mojave. A composite lake record for both basins shows nearly continuous lake maintenance by the Mojave River from 24.5 cal ka to ca. 14 cal ka. One potential gap in the lake record, ca. 22.7–21.8 cal ka, may indicate either temporary river routing to yet another basin or a dry climatic period. The Mojave River discharge was sufficient to maintain at least one terminal lake throughout most of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial periods, indicating that paleoclimate was moist and/or cool well into the Bølling-Allerød and that the lake records may not be sensitive to variations from moderate to high discharge. Nuances of lake-level changes in both the Coyote and Mojave basins are difficult to interpret as paleoclimatic events because the current chronologic control on lake levels from nearshore deposits does not provide the necessary precision.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From Saline to Freshwater: The Diversity of Western Lakes in Space and Time","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2536(12)","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Dudash, S.L., and McGeehin, J., 2021, Paleoclimate record for Lake Coyote, California, and the Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial paleohydrology (25 to 14 cal ka) of the Mojave River, chap. of From Saline to Freshwater: The Diversity of Western Lakes in Space and Time, v. 536, p. 201-220, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2536(12).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"220","ipdsId":"IP-087116","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lake Coyote","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.10302734374999,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 36.19109202182454\n ],\n [\n -118.10302734374999,\n 36.19109202182454\n ],\n [\n -118.10302734374999,\n 34.08906131584994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"536","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudash, Stephanie L. 0000-0001-8728-5915 sdudash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-5915","contributorId":5911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudash","given":"Stephanie","email":"sdudash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, John P.","contributorId":290192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","affiliations":[{"id":36206,"text":"Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70229486,"text":"70229486 - 2021 - Tolerance of northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oysters to chronic warming at extreme salinities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-09T13:10:17.276921","indexId":"70229486","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-12T07:06:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2476,"text":"Journal of Thermal Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tolerance of northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oysters to chronic warming at extreme salinities","docAbstract":"The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, provides critical ecosystem services and supports valuable fishery and aquaculture industries in northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) subtropical estuaries where it is grown subtidally. Its upper critical thermal limit is not well defined, especially when combined with extreme salinities. The cumulative mortalities of the progenies of wild C. virginica from four nGoM estuaries differing in mean annual salinity, acclimated to low (4.0), moderate (20.0), and high (36.0) salinities at 28.9 °C (84 °F) and exposed to increasing target temperatures of 33.3 °C (92 °F), 35.6 °C (96 °F) or 37.8 °C (100 °F), were measured over a three-week period. Oysters of all stocks were the most sensitive to increasing temperatures at low salinity, dying quicker (i.e., lower median lethal time, LT50) than at the moderate and high salinities and resulting in high cumulative mortalities at all target temperatures. Oysters of all stocks at moderate salinity died the slowest with high cumulative mortalities only at the two highest temperatures. The F1 oysters from the more southern and hypersaline Upper Laguna Madre estuary were generally more tolerant to prolonged higher temperatures (higher LT50) than stocks originating from lower salinity estuaries, most notably at the highest salinity. Using the measured temperatures oysters were exposed to, 3-day median lethal Celsius degrees (LD50) were estimated for each stock at each salinity. The lowest 3-day LD50 (35.1–36.0 °C) for all stocks was calculated at a salinity of 4.0, while the highest 3-day LD50 (40.1–44.0 °C) was calculated at a salinity of 20.0.
Unusual channel-amphitheatre landforms are present in Late Pleistocene–early Holocene, subaqueous fan and delta deposits in the glacial Lake Fraser basin, central British Columbia. The lake formed during the decay of the last Cordilleran Ice Sheet and drained ~11,500 years ago during a large outburst flood. The fronts of a delta and two subaqueous fans consisting of silt to fine sand are marked by branching networks of wide, nearly flat channels that terminate upstream in digitate, steep-walled amphitheatres. We propose that these channel-amphitheatre landforms formed by liquefaction flowslides that were induced by the rapid drawdown of glacial Lake Fraser during the outburst flood. Similar geomorphic forms, which we believe also to be associated with rapid drawdowns of large Late Pleistocene–early Holocene lakes, occur elsewhere in North America. A recent tailings dam failure and an intentional breaching of a 100-year-old hydroelectric dam provide insights into the processes responsible for the landforms. By using geomechanical analysis, we show how rapid lake drawdown can trigger liquefaction flowslides in deposits of silt to fine sand. The novelty of our approach lies in combining geomechanical reasoning with geomorphic analogues to understand histories of ancient glacier-dammed lakes and of the glacial lake outburst floods that are sourced from them.
Established in 1935, the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units program (CRU program) is a unique cooperative partnership among State fish and wildlife agencies, universities, the Wildlife Management Institute, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Designed to meet the scientific needs of natural resource management agencies and the necessity for trained professionals in the growing field of wildlife management, the program has grown from the original 9 wildlife-only units to a program that today includes 40 Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units located on university campuses in 38 States. The partnerships that form each unit are some of the USGS’s strongest links to Federal and State land and natural resource agencies as mandated by the Cooperative Research and Training Units Act of 1960 (P.L. 86–686). This report highlights the activities and accomplishments of the program and its cooperators for calendar year 2020.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1478","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J.D., Dennerline, D.E., Childs, D.E., and Jodice, P.G.R., 2021, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units program—2020 Year in review (ver. 1.1, March 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1478, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1478.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; Version History","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-120735","costCenters":[{"id":203,"text":"Cooperative Research Unit Atlanta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387869,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1477","text":"Circular 1477","linkHelpText":"- Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2020 Research Abstracts"},{"id":383622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1478/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":383829,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1478/versionHist.txt","size":"1016 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":383623,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1478/cir1478.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1478"}],"edition":"Version 1.1: March 2021; Version 1.0: February 2021","contact":"Director, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 303
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) serves as the research arm of the U.S. Department of the Interior and has established a series of strategic goals that focus its efforts on serving the American people. Within the USGS, the Ecosystems Mission Area is responsible for conducting and sponsoring research that addresses the following thematic objectives under the overarching strategic goal of “Science that Supports Our Resources in Wild and Urban Spaces, and the Landscapes In-Between”:
This report provides abstracts of most of the ongoing and recently completed research investigations of the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units program. The report is organized by the following major science themes that contribute to the objectives of the USGS:
Director, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 303
Reston, VA 20192
As an unbiased, multidisciplinary science organization, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is dedicated to the timely, relevant, and impartial study of the health of our ecosystems and environment, our natural resources, the impacts of climate and land-use change, and the natural hazards that affect our lives. Opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as recent graduates, to participate in USGS science are available in the selected programs described in this publication. Please note: U.S. citizenship is required for Federal government positions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip211","usgsCitation":"Corey, L.K., 2021, Student and recent graduate opportunities: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 211, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip211.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-129706","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/211/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":387855,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/211/gip211.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 211"}],"contact":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
MS 911
Reston, VA 20192
Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions at the Long Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex in New York. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of five marsh management units within the refuge complex and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that could be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that could maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge-complex scale. Results indicated that, for the objectives and actions considered here, total management benefits may increase consistently up to about $24,000, but that further expenditures may yield diminishing return on investment. Potential management actions in optimal portfolios at total costs less than $24,000 consistently included approaches for increasing drainage from the marsh surface within the marsh management units. The potential management benefits were derived from expected improvements in surface-water drainage and capacity for marsh elevation to keep pace with sea-level rise, and presumed increases in numbers of spiders (as an indicator of trophic health) and tidal marsh obligate birds. The prototype presented here does not resolve management decisions; rather, it provides a framework for decision making at the Long Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex that can be updated as new data and information become available. Insights from this process may also be useful to inform future habitat management planning at the refuges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211070","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J.E., Nagel, J.L., Adamowicz, S.C., Mikula, T., and Williams, M.R., 2021, Optimization of salt marsh management at the Long Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex, New York, through use of structured decision making (ver. 1.1, August 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1070, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211070.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-126538","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387845,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1070/versionHist.txt","size":"640 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":387151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1070/ofr20211070.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.49 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1070"},{"id":387150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1070/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 40.576412521044425\n ],\n [\n -73.6138916015625,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -73.1854248046875,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -72.66357421875,\n 40.77638178482896\n ],\n [\n -72.015380859375,\n 40.96330795307353\n ],\n [\n -71.795654296875,\n 41.091772220976644\n ],\n [\n -72.2625732421875,\n 41.18278832811288\n ],\n [\n -72.7294921875,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -73.245849609375,\n 40.94256444133327\n ],\n [\n -73.4820556640625,\n 40.967455873296714\n ],\n [\n -73.707275390625,\n 40.8595252289932\n ],\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.79301881008675\n ],\n [\n -74.0203857421875,\n 40.693134153308065\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 40.576412521044425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: July 13, 2021; Version 1.1: August 11, 2021","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
A previous report by the authors described sediment sampling and drilling by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) beside the American and Sacramento Rivers near Sacramento, California, in support of a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers project focused on regional flood control. The drilling was performed to define lithology, extract samples for laboratory testing, and perform borehole erosion tests (BETs). The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) performed jet erodibility tests (JETs) near each drilling site, and a team from Texas A&M University performed laboratory tests with an erosion function apparatus (EFA). Collectively, the effort was intended to reveal spatial variations in sediment erodibility and provide data for use in a model to simulate morphological response to a major flood. The data collected by the USGS are available in a public data release.
This report, developed in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, provides comparisons of the three types of measurements of the erodibility of riverbed sediments. The BET is performed in the field and reveals erodibility of sediments below the bed surface. The JET is likewise performed in the field but reveals only erodibility of exposed sediments. The EFA test is done in the laboratory and was performed on soils extracted from different depths beneath the bed surface, in many cases reconstituted for laboratory testing. Tests were performed at nominally similar locations but differed by meters to tens of meters in horizontal locations.
The comparison was undertaken to investigate differences among results obtained by the individual measurement approaches and to elucidate pros and cons of each method. The critical shear stress to initiate erosion and the rate of change of erosion rate per unit increase of excess shear stress, sometimes referred to as the erosion coefficient, served as the primary basis for comparison. The three test methods in some cases resulted in order of magnitude differences in estimates of these parameters. Some differences could be attributed to variances in site location or result from testing surface sediment versus a deeper layer, but systematic differences are also evident in the results. The tests performed in the laboratory using the EFA resulted in much lower values of critical shear stress and much higher values of the erosion coefficient compared to the JET tests performed by the USDA team on surface sediments. Critical shear stress was poorly resolved in the BET results because of the limited number of results per site, but the erosion coefficients derived from BET results were systematically lower than those obtained using the EFA.
A new, simplified approach is also proposed to estimate the increase in channel cross-sectional area during a large flood, given data describing the initial river cross section, riverbed erodibility parameters, and peak flood discharge and duration. The model runs until the cross section erodes to an equilibrium condition or the flood ends. Output describes the area of the cross section at the end of the simulation and the time required to reach equilibrium if it was reached within the simulated period. The model assumes unique, constant values for both the critical shear stress and the erosion coefficient and represents the fluid mechanics in a simplified way, making it of limited value for quantitative predictions. It does, however, provide an indication of which cross sections are most likely to undergo the greatest change in the design event and can be used to investigate sensitivity of erosion predictions to variability in sediment erodibility measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","programNote":"Cooperative Research Units","usgsCitation":"Work, P., and Livsey, D., 2021, American and Sacramento Rivers, California, erodibility measurements and model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5052, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215052.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 30 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122004","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387634,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5052/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":387637,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5052/images"},{"id":387635,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5052/sir20215052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5052/sir20215052.xml"},{"id":387638,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MCT2Q","linkHelpText":"Borehole Erosion Test data, Lower American and Sacramento Rivers, California, 2019 (ver. 4.0, July 2021)"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"American River, Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.58981323242188,\n 38.41378642476067\n ],\n [\n -121.34124755859375,\n 38.41378642476067\n ],\n [\n -121.34124755859375,\n 38.60292007223949\n ],\n [\n -121.58981323242188,\n 38.60292007223949\n ],\n [\n -121.58981323242188,\n 38.41378642476067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Endangered leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are wide-ranging, long-distance migrants whose movements are often associated with environmental cues. We examined the spatial distribution and habitat use for 33 satellite-tracked leatherbacks from nesting beaches on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and Panama from 2004 to 2018, an important nesting population for the leatherback Northwest Atlantic Distinct Population Segment. Tracking revealed the use of two distinct regions, the Gulf of Mexico (GoM, n = 18) and the North Atlantic Ocean (NAO, n = 15). We developed density utilization maps to elucidate high-use habitats, migration pathways, and seasonal movements. GoM leatherbacks were found in three concentrated high-use habitats connected by a migration pathway, while NAO leatherbacks were primarily found in a single, large high-use habitat. Leatherbacks in both regions have the potential to interact with Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries based on seasonal overlap with high fishing effort. Our findings suggest that the GoM is an important destination for leatherbacks from the Caribbean coast of Central America with seasonal movements between high-use habitats within the GoM. While leatherbacks are utilizing high-use habitats in both the NAO and the GoM, the proportion of individuals migrating into the GoM increased over the study period. Additionally, NAO leatherbacks have increased the distance they travel in the first 90 d. Regional differences in movement and spatial distribution of high-use habitats are important considerations when developing conservation plans for the Northwest Atlantic leatherback population.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) archive of Earth images acquired by Landsat 1-8 sensors is organized in collections of consistently calibrated, geolocated, and processed data products. Such an organization ensures consistent quality of the archived data within a collection over time and across all instruments within the Landsat mission. In December 2020, the USGS completed reprocessing of the archived Landsat data and released a new collection, Collection 2, which introduced surface reflectance and surface temperature Level-2 products, implemented improved ground control and elevation datasets, and brought several geometric and radiometric calibration enhancements. Radiometric enhancements include absolute and relative gain updates for both imaging sensors, Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), aboard Landsat 8 and a change in calculation of bias for OLI. In this paper we present the analysis of Collection 2 Landsat 8 products demonstrating stability over the mission lifetime, the improvement in OLI signal to noise ratio and along-track striping performance resulting from enhanced bias correction, as well as reduction of cross-track striping in TIRS data as a result of relative gain updates. In addition, we discuss effects of two safehold events that Landsat 8 experienced in November 2020 on the radiometric calibration of both sensors and product performance.
Modeling studies project that in the future surface waters in the northeast US will continue to recover from acidification over decades following reductions in atmospheric sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions. However, these studies generally assume stationary climatic conditions over the simulation period and ignore the linkages between soil and surface water recovery from acid deposition and changing climate, despite fundamental impacts to watershed processes and comparable time scales for both phenomena. In this study, the integrated biogeochemical model PnET-BGC was applied to two montane forest watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York, USA to evaluate the recovery of surface waters from historical acidification in response to possible future changes in climate and atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition. Statistically downscaled climate scenarios on average project warmer temperatures and greater precipitation for the Adirondack by the end of the century. Model simulations suggest under constant climate, acid-sensitive Buck Creek would gain 12.8 μeq L−1 of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) by 2100 from large reductions in deposition, whereas acid insensitive Archer Creek is projected to gain 7.9 μeq L−1 of ANC. However, climate change could limit those improvements in acid-base status. Under climate change, a negative offset relative to the ANC increases with no climate change are projected for both streams by 2100. In acid-insensitive Archer Creek the negative offset (−8.5 μeq L−1) was large enough that ANC is projected to decrease by −0.6 μeq L−1, whereas in acid-sensitive Buck Creek, the negative offset (−0.4 μeq L−1) resulted in a slight decline of the projected future ANC increase to 12.4 μeq L−1. Calculated target loads for 2150 for both sites decreased when future climate change was considered in model simulations, which suggests further reductions in acid deposition may be necessary to restore ecosystem structure and function under a changing climate.
By merging our specialization silos, fisheries professionals can expand the options that are available to them to address difficult fisheries and aquatic conservation problems, which require an understanding of spatial patterns in geographically large systems. Our purpose is to start a profession-wide conversation about additional ways to think about and use spatial data. We use case studies to illustrate how identifying and merging multiple specialized approaches (e.g., fish tracking, fish surveys, geomorphology, social science, jurisdictional viewpoints) can create an ensemble that has advantages over the use of any single approach alone. Thus, our perspective is not about solving a specific technical problem with a new tool, but about the benefits of identifying gaps in data from one specialized approach, and filling those gaps with data from other specialized approaches. If multiple approaches are coordinated through a larger, problem-specific planning strategy, the result can be better outcomes for difficult problems through creative integration. We encourage others to add constructive ideas to the views initiated here.
Marine phosphorites are an important part of the oceanic phosphorus cycle and are related to the effects of long-term global climate changes. We use petrography, mineralogy, rare earth elements contents, and 87Sr/86Sr-determined carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) and calcite ages to investigate the paragenesis and history of phosphatization of carbonate sediments, limestones, ferromanganese crusts, and ironstones from the summit of Rio Grande Rise (RGR), Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Phosphatization of all the rock types occurred throughout the Miocene from 20.2 to 6.8 million years ago (Ma), and occasionally during the Quaternary, mainly through the cementation of carbonate sediments by cryptocrystalline CFA, likely involving the dissolution of the smaller size fraction of foraminifera-nannofossil ooze. Porosity/permeability and abundance of fine calcite material were important factors determining the intensity of phosphatization of the various rock types. Phosphatization was initiated during a transition to a more dynamic circulation system in the South Atlantic Ocean, which remobilized phosphorus from deeper waters and increased primary productivity that culminated with the middle-Miocene Climatic Optimum between ∼17 and 14.8 Ma. The relatively shallow-water depth of RGR summit during the Miocene provided proximity to the oxygen minimum zone, a reservoir for reactive phosphorus, especially during periods of enhanced phosphorus cycling spurred by surface primary productivity. The cessation of phosphatization at RGR resulted from a rapidly cooling and dry climate that characterized the Miocene-Pliocene transition. Our results support previous observations that periods of broadly intensified ocean circulation and local hydrodynamic changes were the key paleoceanographic links to phosphorite formation.
Bioaerosols, including bacteria and fungi, are ubiquitous and have been shown to impact various organisms as well as biogeochemical cycles and human health. However, sample collection poses a challenge for aeromicrobiologists and can determine the success of a study. Establishing a standard collection procedure for bioaerosol sampling could help advance the field. We tested the efficiency (number of organisms collected and DNA yield per unit time) of three sampling devices: a membrane filtration device, a liquid impinger, and a portable electrostatic precipitator bioaerosol collector. We compared the efficiency of these three devices for both culture-dependent studies, by enumerating colony forming units (CFUs), and culture-independent studies, by extracting and quantifying total DNA. Our results show that the electrostatic precipitator collected microorganisms significantly more efficiently than the membrane filtration and liquid impingement in both types of studies over the same time interval. This is due to the high flow rate of the device. This work is important and timely because aeromicrobiology is currently restricted by long sampling times and risk of evaporation, desiccation, or freezing during sample, which increases with sampling times. Fieldwork convenience and portability of instruments are an additional challenge for sampling. Using a sampler that can overcome these technical hurdles can accelerate the advancement of the field, and the use of a lightweight, battery-powered, inexpensive, and portable bioaerosol collection device could address these limitations.
American black bears (Ursus americanus) are an iconic wildlife species in the southern Appalachian highlands of the eastern United States and have increased in number and range since the early 1980s. Given an increasing number of human-bear conflicts in the region, many management agencies have liberalized harvest regulations to reduce bear populations to socially acceptable levels. Wildlife managers need reliable population data for assessing the effects of management actions for this high-profile species. Our goal was to use DNA extracted from hair collected at barbed-wire enclosures (i.e., hair traps) to identify individual bears and then use spatially explicit capture-recapture methods to estimate female black bear density, abundance, and harvest rate. We established 888 hair traps across 66,678 km2 of the southern Appalachian highlands in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, USA, in 2017 and 2018, arranged in 174 clusters of 2–9 traps/cluster. We collected 9,113 hair samples from those sites over 6 weeks of sampling, of which 1,954 were successfully genotyped to 462 individual female bears. Our spatially explicit estimator included a percent forest covariate to explain inhomogeneous bear density across the region. Densities ranged up to 0.410 female bears/km2 and regional abundance was 5,950 (95% CI = 4,988–7,098) female bears. Based on hunter kill data from 2016 to 2018, mean annual harvest rates for females were 12.7% in Georgia, 17.6% in North Carolina, 17.6% in South Carolina, and 22.8% in Tennessee. Our estimated harvest rates for most states approached or exceeded theoretical maximum sustainable levels, and population trend data (i.e., bait-station indices) indicated decreasing growth rates since about 2009. These data suggest that the increased harvest goals and poor hard mast production over a series of prior years reduced bear population abundance in many states. We were able to obtain reasonable population abundance and density estimates because of spatially explicit capture-recapture methods, cluster sampling, and a large spatial extent. Continued monitoring of bear populations (e.g., annual bait-station surveys and periodic population estimation using spatially explicit methods) by state jurisdictions would help to ensure that population trajectories are consistent with management goals. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Evolving complex mixtures of pharmaceuticals and transformation products in effluent-dominated streams pose potential impacts to aquatic species; thus, understanding the attenuation dynamics in the field and characterizing the prominent attenuation mechanisms of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products (TPs) is critical for hazard assessments. Herein, we determined the attenuation dynamics and the associated prominent mechanisms of pharmaceuticals and their corresponding TPs via a combined long-term field study and controlled laboratory experiments. For the field study, we quantified spatiotemporal exposure concentrations of five pharmaceuticals and six associated TPs in a small, temperate-region effluent-dominated stream during baseflow conditions where the wastewater plant was the main source of pharmaceuticals. We selected four sites (upstream, at, and two progressively downstream from effluent discharge) and collected water samples at 16 time points (64 samples in total, approximately twice monthly, depending on flows) for 1 year. Concurrently, we conducted photolysis, sorption, and biodegradation batch tests under controlled conditions to determine the major attenuation mechanisms. We observed 10-fold greater attenuation rates in the field compared to batch tests, demonstrating that connecting laboratory batch tests with field measurements to enhance predictive power is a critical need. Batch systems alone, often used for assessment, are useful for determining fate processes but poorly approximate in-stream attenuation kinetics. Sorption was the dominant attenuation process (t1/2<7.7 d) for 5 of 11 compounds in the batch tests, while the other compounds (n = 6) persisted in the batch tests and along the 5.1 km stream reach. In-stream parent-to-product transformation was minimal. Differential attenuation contributed to the evolving pharmaceutical mixture and created changing exposure conditions with concomitant implications for aquatic and terrestrial biota. Tandem field and laboratory characterization can better inform modeling efforts for transport and risk assessments.
We developed a new technique, utilizing species-specific counts of individuals from historical fish community samples, to examine landscape-level, spatio-temporal trends in relative abundance distributions. Abundance-based historical distribution analyses are often plagued by data comparability issues, but provide critical information about community composition trends inaccessible to those using analyses based only on species presence–absence. We established trends in native and non-native fish abundance and community homogenization, uniqueness and diversity to help local conservation managers prioritize targets and motivate similar studies globally to support fish conservation.
Upper and middle New River (UMNR) basin, Appalachian Mountains, USA.
We compiled catch data from 61 years of fish community surveys (1958–2019) and tested for community homogenization by comparing data from repeatedly sampled sites (1900s versus 2000s samples) using dispersion analyses. We measured community uniqueness (site contributions to beta diversity) and species diversity (Shannon index) at sampled streams to identify potential conservation hotspots. We then used regression analyses and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to examine species-specific basin-wide and local abundance trends and identify species of potential conservation concern.
Dispersion of sites in species abundance space was significantly greater in the 1900s compared with the 2000s, indicating homogenization had occurred. Of 36 native species analysed, 44.4% (16) showed basin-wide declines. Non-native species exhibited mixed patterns; site-level abundance increased in 2 of 15 species analysed (13%).
Our results indicate basin-wide community homogenization has occurred within the UMNR, but many unique and diverse communities persist. If conserved, these could help maintain regional fish diversity. We found basin-wide declines in four endemic species, as well as spread patterns of non-native and native species that were not detected by a presence–absence analysis applied within the same study area. This finding illustrates the importance of considering both species’ abundance and occurrence patterns as separate dimensions of biodiversity to inform conservation planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13393","usgsCitation":"Sleezer, L., Angermeier, P., Frimpong, E., and Brown, B., 2021, A new composite abundance metric detects stream fish declines and community homogenization during six decades of invasions: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 11, p. 2136-2156, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13393.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2136","endPage":"2156","ipdsId":"IP-127926","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481102,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13393","text":"External Repository"},{"id":480938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.15910582240531,\n 38.72335424270793\n ],\n [\n -81.8153590308615,\n 36.0378116437692\n ],\n [\n -81.15910582240531,\n 36.04395501786985\n ],\n [\n -80.45378441771783,\n 36.778939995013474\n ],\n [\n -79.88242907709224,\n 38.72335424270793\n ],\n [\n -81.15910582240531,\n 38.72335424270793\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleezer, Logan J.","contributorId":349198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sleezer","given":"Logan J.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":204519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frimpong, Emmanuel A.","contributorId":349199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frimpong","given":"Emmanuel A.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Bryan L.","contributorId":349201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Bryan L.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222679,"text":"ofr20211030D - 2021 - System characterization report on Planet’s Dove-R","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70222679,"text":"ofr20211030D - 2021 - System characterization report on Planet’s Dove-R","indexId":"ofr20211030D","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on Planet’s Dove-R","title":"System characterization report on Planet’s Dove-R"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-25T20:34:50.342041","indexId":"ofr20211030D","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-09T14:39:33","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1030","chapter":"D","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on Planet’s Dove-R","title":"System characterization report on Planet’s Dove-R","docAbstract":"This report addresses system characterization of Planet’s Dove-R and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
Since 2013, Planet has launched more than 360 Dove 3U CubeSats, where U stands for 10-centimeter (cm) x 10-cm x 10-cm stowed dimensions, each weighing about 5 kilograms. Since 2015, all Dove satellites have had four-band imagers with about a 4-meter (m) pixel ground sample distance. Since 2016, all Doves have been launched into Sun-synchronous orbits varying from 474 to 524 kilometers, with inclinations between 97 and 98 degrees. The Dove series satellites do not have orbit maintenance capabilities; thus, their orbits decay slowly over time, contributing to shorter lifetimes of about 3 years. More information on Planet satellites and sensors is available in the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and from the manufacturer at https://www.planet.com/.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that Dove-R has an interior geometric performance in the range of −0.306 (−0.102 pixel) to 0.286 m (0.095 pixel) in easting and 0.090 (0.030 pixel) to 1.084 m (0.361 pixel) in northing in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric performance of −5.10 m (−0.51 pixel) in easting and 3.30 m (0.33 pixel) in northing offset in comparison to Sentinel-2, a radiometric performance in the range of −0.023 to −0.008 in offset and 0.948 to 1.077 in slope, and a spatial performance in the range of 2.96 to 3.15 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.001 to 0.003.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030D","usgsCitation":"Kim, M., Park, S., Anderson, C., and Stensaas, G.L., 2021, System characterization report on Planet’s Dove-R, chap. D of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030D.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126678","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387784,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/d/ofr20211030d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030D"},{"id":387783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/d/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Organic matter (OM) accumulation in marsh soils affects marsh survival under rapid sea-level rise (SLR). This work describes the changing organic geochemistry of a salt marsh located in the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay that has transgressed inland with SLR over the past 35–75 years. Marsh soils and vegetation were sampled along an elevation gradient from the intertidal zone to the adjacent forest, representing a space-for-time substitution of the process of marsh transgression. Stable carbon isotope analysis of bulk OM gives evidence for a transition from C3 upland-sourced OM to C4-dominated marsh vegetation over time. The vegetative source of the OM changes along a marsh-upland mixing line from herbaceous angiosperm-sourced lignin in the lower elevation marsh to a woody gymnosperm signature at the upper border of the marsh. The results of stable isotope and lignin analyses illustrate that landward encroachment of marsh grasses results in deposition of herbaceous tissues exhibiting relatively little decay. This presents a possible mechanism for OM stabilization as marshes migrate inland.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107550","usgsCitation":"Van Allen, R., Schreiner, K.M., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Carlin, J.A., 2021, Changes in organic carbon source and storage with sea level rise-induced transgression in a Chesapeake Bay marsh: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 261, 107550, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107550.","productDescription":"107550, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103097","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97H1N4E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Changes in Organic Carbon Source and Storage with Sea Level Rise-Induced Transgression in a Chesapeake Bay Marsh"},{"id":388155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.19430541992188,\n 38.37396220263095\n ],\n [\n -75.99655151367188,\n 38.37396220263095\n ],\n [\n -75.99655151367188,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -76.19430541992188,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -76.19430541992188,\n 38.37396220263095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"261","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Allen, Rachel","contributorId":264468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Allen","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34699,"text":"University of Minnesota-Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiner, Kathryn M.","contributorId":201540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36192,"text":"Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlin, Joseph A.","contributorId":200295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlin","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13544,"text":"California State University, Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70229743,"text":"70229743 - 2021 - Assessing potential stock structure of adult Coho Salmon in a small Alaska watershed: Quantifying run timing, spawning locations, and holding areas with radiotelemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T15:16:43.28318","indexId":"70229743","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-09T10:09:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing potential stock structure of adult Coho Salmon in a small Alaska watershed: Quantifying run timing, spawning locations, and holding areas with radiotelemetry","docAbstract":"Run timing and spatial locations of spawning habitats are often used to identify stocks for conservation planning or management of salmonid fishes. Although complex stock structure is most common within large watersheds with diverse habitats, even small drainages can produce multiple co-occurring spatially or temporally isolated populations or “stocks.” This project sought to address the potential existence of stock structure of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in a small coastal watershed on Kodiak, Alaska that supports vital subsistence and recreational fisheries and is currently managed as a single stock. We radio-tagged a total of 348 adult Coho Salmon upon freshwater entry into the Buskin River across three spawning seasons (2015–2017) and tracked in-river movements to the final locations where mortality signals were recorded. We identified two primary spawning habitats within the system: main-stem and lake tributaries, with 54% (range of 47% to 61%) of tagged fish with determined fates tracked to main-stem river spawning areas and 46% (range 39% to 53%) presumably spawning in small tributaries of the 1-km2 Buskin Lake at the headwater of the watershed. Despite distinct spatial differences in spawning locations, main-stem and tributary spawners did not differ in migration timing into freshwater (difference in run timing of main-stem versus tributary spawners = 1 d) nor body size (main-stem mean body length, mideye to tail fork = 625 mm, tributary mean = 613 mm). Unexpectedly, we determined nearly 70% of all Coho Salmon spent at least some time in Buskin Lake, including 54% of main-stem spawners, suggesting a potential role of Buskin Lake as an important staging habitat for premature migrating adult Coho Salmon who enter freshwater in advance of final maturation. We also identified areas consistently used for holding prior to spawning that could be used in spatial management planning and during times of necessary conservation to ensure integrity of the stock for the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10658","usgsCitation":"Stratton, M.E., Finkle, H., Falke, J.A., and Westley, P., 2021, Assessing potential stock structure of adult Coho Salmon in a small Alaska watershed: Quantifying run timing, spawning locations, and holding areas with radiotelemetry: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1423-1435, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10658.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1423","endPage":"1435","ipdsId":"IP-128616","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Buskin River Watershed, Kodiak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.6049041748047,\n 57.73623401472855\n ],\n [\n -152.46414184570312,\n 57.73623401472855\n ],\n [\n -152.46414184570312,\n 57.79666314942287\n ],\n [\n -152.6049041748047,\n 57.79666314942287\n ],\n [\n -152.6049041748047,\n 57.73623401472855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stratton, M. E.","contributorId":288653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stratton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":61459,"text":"afg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkle, H.","contributorId":288654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finkle","given":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":61459,"text":"afg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Westley, P. A. H.","contributorId":288655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westley","given":"P. A. H.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70225163,"text":"70225163 - 2021 - Dynamics of green and blue water supply stress index across major global cropland basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-15T13:17:02.510615","indexId":"70225163","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-09T08:13:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7749,"text":"Frontiers in Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of green and blue water supply stress index across major global cropland basins","docAbstract":"Global food and water insecurity could be serious problems in the upcoming decades with growing demands from the increasing global population and more frequent effect of climatic extremes. As the available water resources are diminishing and facing continuous stress, it is crucial to monitor water demand and water availability to understand the associated water stresses. This study assessed the water stress by applying the water supply stress index (WaSSI) in relation to green (WaSSIG) and blue (WaSSIB) water resources across six major cropland basins including the Mississippi (North America), San Francisco (South America), Nile (Africa), Danube (Europe), Ganges-Brahmaputra (Asia), and Murray-Darling (Australia) for the past 17-years (2003–2019). The WaSSIG and WaSSIB results indicated that the Murray-Darling Basin experienced the most severe (maximum WaSSIG and WaSSIB anomalies) green and blue water stresses and the Mississippi Basin had the least. All basins had both green and blue water stresses for at least 35% (6 out of 17 years) of the study period. The interannual variations in green water stress were driven by both crop water demand and green water supply, whereas the blue water stress variations were primarily driven by blue water supply. The WaSSIG and WaSSIB provided a better understanding of water stress (blue or green) and their drivers (demand or supply driven) across cropland basins. This information can be useful for basin-specific resource mobilization and interventions to ensure food and water security.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2021.663444","usgsCitation":"Khand, K., Senay, G.B., Kagone, S., and Parrish, G.E., 2021, Dynamics of green and blue water supply stress index across major global cropland basins: Frontiers in Climate, v. 3, 663444, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.663444.","productDescription":"663444, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125893","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.663444","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khand, Kul Bikram 0000-0002-1593-1508","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-1508","contributorId":259185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khand","given":"Kul Bikram","affiliations":[{"id":52326,"text":"AFDS, Contractor to USGS ERSOS Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kagone, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":216913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kagone","given":"Stefanie","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrish, Gabriel Edwin Lee 0000-0003-4078-3516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-3516","contributorId":267751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parrish","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin Lee","affiliations":[{"id":55490,"text":"Innovate! Inc., Contractor to the USGS EROS Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70223380,"text":"70223380 - 2021 - Integrating telemetry data at several scales with spatial capture–recapture to improve density estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-25T13:01:10.970191","indexId":"70223380","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-09T07:59:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating telemetry data at several scales with spatial capture–recapture to improve density estimates","docAbstract":"Accurate population estimates are essential for monitoring and managing wildlife populations. Mark–recapture sampling methods have regularly been used to estimate population parameters for rare and cryptic species, including the federally listed Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii); however, the methods employed are often plagued by violations of statistical assumptions, which have the potential to bias density estimates. By incorporating spatial information into conventional density estimation models, spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models can account for common assumption violations such as spatially heterogeneous detection probabilities and temporary emigration when animals leave plots during a survey. We conducted mark–recapture surveys at 10 1-km2 plots in and adjacent to the Ivanpah Valley of California and Nevada from 2015 to 2019. Locality data were collected concurrently using radio-telemetry and GPS data loggers. GPS data demonstrated that desert tortoises frequently exhibited temporary emigration outside a plot during the survey periods, thereby complicating standard approaches for closed-model density estimation. We integrated mark–recapture survey data for subadults and adults at each plot with corresponding spatial capture locations and supplementary spatial data using a modified SCR model fitted in a Bayesian framework. We compared density estimates modeled with conventional non-spatial methods, as well as three SCR models based on symmetrical usage areas described by various levels and types of supplementary spatial data. The conventional model consistently resulted in inflated estimates of density while the SCR models allowed us to generate spatially corrected estimates for a species where detectability and densities are low. However, we found that if not properly specified, the temporal scale of supplementary data may result in an unintended source of bias in parameter estimates. Integrating spatial data over a larger temporal scale than mark–recapture surveys were conducted resulted in higher detection probabilities and lower density estimates, due to an overestimation of space use. Our results not only demonstrate the importance of accounting for spatial information but also the value of understanding the potential for bias when integrating multiple data sets at different temporal resolutions. The methods presented can be used to enhance monitoring efforts for the Mojave desert tortoise and other species where mark–recapture methods are used.