Evapotranspiration (ET), the combined process of evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and transpiration from plant tissue, plays a pivotal role in the global water and energy balance. Accurately quantifying ET at various spatial scales is important for diverse applications, including irrigation and natural resource management. While efforts to standardize ET methodology have progressed over the last few decades, some confusion and disagreements in terminology persist among communities of researchers and practitioners involved in the measurement, estimation, and simulation of ET. This technical note addresses the historical evolution and standardization of ET terminology, aiming to reduce and mitigate disparities in definitions and usage by advocating for standardized definitions and emphasizing the adoption of reference ET (ETref) terminology to promote consistency and accuracy and to avoid ambiguity. This document provides comprehensive definitions of key terms, including crop (i.e., vegetation cover) coefficients, consumptive use (CU), actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa), and ETref variants for short (grass, ETo) and tall (alfalfa, ETr) reference crops. Practical discussion on several relevant topics is given: (1) single and dual crop coefficient approaches, (2) applications to nonagricultural vegetation, (3) recommended subscripts for terms, (4) practical guidelines and considerations for ETref calculation, (5) encouragement to replace “potential ET” terminology with better terms, (6) clarification on maximum ET (ETmax) and maximum crop coefficient (Kc max) terms, (7) ET products derived from remote sensing, (8) a brief description of the role of ET in water rights, and (9) a figure illustrating the use of the terms defined herein. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of consistent terminology for effective communication among researchers and end-users, which will facilitate the adoption of standardized ET methods and technologies. This technical note was created by the American Society of Civil Engineers, Environmental and Water Resources Institute (ASCE-EWRI), Evapotranspiration in Irrigation and Hydrology Committee, with input and endorsement from other relevant organizations in the United States and internationally. This note serves as a comprehensive reference guide for ET practitioners and researchers.
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The U.S. Geological Survey facilitated a structured decision-making process for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop the alternatives and the criteria (performance metrics) for evaluating the alternatives. Chapter A provides scoping details of the report, a summary of the 19 metrics that are used to evaluate the performance of each of 6 alternatives, and methodological details of 2 performance metrics that were not covered in other technical chapters. Chapter B analyzes elk population and chronic wasting disease dynamics under the five initial alternatives. Chapter C evaluates elk space-use based on data collected from global positioning system collars on elk and expert elicitation for scenarios with limited data. Chapter D evaluates bison population dynamics, conflict, and harvest patterns under the five initial alternatives. Chapter E assesses social and economic consequences. Chapter F is newly added to this superseding report and details the analysis and results of a new alternative that was developed after discussion among the lead and cooperating agencies working on the BEMP. The full set of six alternatives are anticipated to have varying affects on bison and elk population abundance and private land use, wildlife-related recreation and tourism, and hunters and outfitters in the region. Each chapter was developed under advisement of a technical team, made up science experts from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department.
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Laurel, MD 20708-4039
We evaluated measurable attributes describing the current and future distribution of Cervus elaphus canadensis (elk) across a region surrounding Jackson, Wyoming, for five feedground management alternatives proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a revision to the 2007 “Bison and Elk Management Plan” of the National Elk Refuge. A resource selection function evaluated measurable attributes of interest to managers, including elk use of private property and sensitive habitat types at monthly timesteps and varying winter conditions. The study area boundaries were created through an expert elicitation process and consist of the Jackson Elk Herd Unit, Grand Teton National Park, the National Elk Refuge, and the northern third of the Fall Creek Elk Herd Unit. For each of the five alternatives, we distributed monthly elk numbers calculated in a concurrent analysis that simulated chronic wasting disease dynamics in this system for 20 years. Measurable attributes representing potential elk use of (1) private property, (2) cattle properties as an index of Brucella abortus risk, and sensitive habitats consisting of (3) Populus tremuloides Michx. (quaking aspen), (4) Populus angustifolia E. James (narrowleaf cottonwood), and (5) Salix L. (willow) in core winter use areas all closely followed the declines of elk abundance projected by the elk chronic wasting disease model. After 20 years, the continue feeding alternative ranked most favorably in terms of limiting elk days on private property and reducing brucellosis risk from elk to cattle because this alternative concentrated elk on the National Elk Refuge and resulted in the lowest elk population sizes. However, other management alternatives, including increase harvest and reduce feeding, tended to limit elk use of sensitive quaking aspen, narrowleaf cottonwood, and willow habitats during winter (December–April).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program and the Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Cotterill, G.G., Cross, P.C., Cole, E.K., Cook, J.D., McEachran, M.C., and Graves, T.A., 2025, Evaluating elk distribution and conflict under proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, chap. C of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076C. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vii, 32 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494123,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/c/sir20255076C.XML","description":"SIR 2025-5076 C XML"},{"id":494138,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1486NQE","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Supporting code for—Evaluating elk distribution and conflict under proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming (version 2.0)"},{"id":494120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/c/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494121,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/c/sir20255076C.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 C PDF"},{"id":494124,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/c/images"},{"id":494122,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076C/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 C HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2327 University Way, Suite 2
Bozeman, MT 59715
The National Elk Refuge (Refuge) is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and includes habitats for bison and elk. Bison and elk provide opportunities for wildlife-related recreation and contribute to the tourism industry in and around Jackson, Wyoming. Over the last century, the Refuge has provisioned supplemental feed to elk and, more recently, bison during winter months to ensure adequate forage and prevent starvation and conflict with private landowners. However, supplemental feeding artificially aggregates animals and can increase rates of disease transmission and localized damage to sensitive habitats near the feeding areas. This report presents analyses and results to support two of the nine management objectives in the next “Bison and Elk Management Plan,” with a particular focus on the social and economic consequences of five management alternatives considered in this study. The alternatives are to continue feeding bison and elk during winter months on the Refuge, stop feeding after CWD is measured at 3 percent prevalence or above in the Jackson elk herd, stop feeding immediately, reduce feeding for five years and then stop feeding, and increase elk harvest for five years and then stop feeding. These alternatives are anticipated to alter bison and elk population and space-use dynamics, with corresponding effects on wildlife-related recreation and tourism, including the number of visitors and sleigh-ride participants on the Refuge, and hunters and outfitters within the Jackson Elk Herd Unit. The performance of each of this study’s alternatives was variable, resulting in overlap in the performance of alternatives on the select objectives over the next 20 years. Generally, visitation-related objectives performed better under the continue feeding alternative, whereas hunting-related objectives performed better under the increase harvest alternative. The results presented here may assist U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service decision makers in balancing social and economic benefits identified in the decision-making process for the “Bison and Elk Management Plan” with other objectives evaluated in this report.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"McEachran, M.C., Don Carlos, A., Cotterill, G.G., Cole, E.K., and Cook, J.D., 2025, Estimating the social and economic consequences of proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, chap. E of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076E. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/e/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/e/sir20255076E.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 E PDF"},{"id":494033,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DZS7MW","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Socioeconomic effects of bison and elk management alternatives on National Elk Refuge"},{"id":494005,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/e/images/"},{"id":494004,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/e/sir20255076E.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 E XML"},{"id":494003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076E/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 E HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
This report was developed to evaluate the performance of a set of proposed alternatives for Cervus elaphus canadensis (elk) and Bison bison (bison) management at the National Elk Refuge in Wyoming, U.S.A., and to inform a National Environmental Policy Act Environmental Impact Statement focused on developing the next “Bison and Elk Management Plan” (BEMP). The U.S. Geological Survey facilitated a structured decision-making process for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop the alternatives and the criteria (performance metrics) for evaluating the alternatives.
Chapter A (this chapter) provides scoping details of the “BEMP,” a summary of the 19 metrics used to evaluate the performance of each of the 6 alternatives, and methodological details of 2 performance metrics that were not covered in other technical chapters. Additional technical details, results, and interpretations are briefly covered in this chapter but are mostly contained in chapters B–F.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research, Environmental Health, and the Species Management Research Programs","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., Cotterill, G.G., McEachran, M.C., Graves, T.A., Cole, E.K., and Cross, P.C., 2025, Decision Framing Overview and Performance of Management Alternatives for Bison and Elk Feedground Management at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, chap. A of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision Analysis in Support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076A. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: v, 19 p.; 4 Software Releases","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494154,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QZGZSN","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Jackson bison population projections"},{"id":494155,"rank":7,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1486NQE","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Supporting code for—Evaluating elk distribution and conflict under proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming (version 2.0)"},{"id":494112,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/a/coverthb.jpg","description":"SIR 2025-5076A PDF"},{"id":494113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/a/sir20255076A.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":494114,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076A/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076A HTML"},{"id":494115,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/a/images"},{"id":494116,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/a/sir20255076A.XML","description":"SIR 2025-5076A XML"},{"id":494156,"rank":8,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13PPHA9","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Software code for simulating elk and chronic wasting disease dynamics on the National Elk Refuge (version 2.0)"},{"id":494157,"rank":9,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DZS7MW","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Socioeconomic effects of bison and elk management alternatives on National Elk Refuge"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
Bison bison were once abundant across North America but declined due to overharvesting in the late 1800s. The reintroduced population in and around Jackson, Wyoming has averaged 485 individuals between 2018–2023 and is the subject of a planning process to inform management strategies that will guide the U.S. Fish and Wildlife’s next “Bison and Elk Management Plan” for the National Elk Refuge. This small population may benefit from historical winter-feeding operations on the National Elk Refuge because those operations may increase overwinter survival and limit human-bison conflicts, which are the number of individual bison that engage in nuisance, damaging, or otherwise aggressive behaviors with humans and livestock, that may lead to culling and other sources of mortality (for example, vehicle collisions). To inform the next “Bison and Elk Management Plan,” the U.S. Geological Survey used a population model to evaluate five management alternatives for bison and Cervus elaphus canadensis feedground operations that included continuing the elk and bison feeding program, immediately stopping the feeding program, and three other alternatives that would phase out the feeding program after a period of time. The results indicate that the bison population would be expected to decline over the next 20 years under all alternatives that stop feeding bison on the refuge. Further, this decline would lead to an associated reduction in bison harvest opportunities for resident, nonresident, and Tribal hunters. Finally, human-bison conflicts would also be expected to increase under the no feeding alternatives because bison may venture onto private lands in greater numbers if feed is not provisioned during winter months. In combination, these results suggest that feeding may lead to better outcomes for bison over the next 20 years; however, these effects may be traded off against other downsides of the feedground program, such as increased rates of animal-to-animal contact on feedgrounds that can lead to disease transmission.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., McEachran, M.C., Cotterill, G.G., and Cole, E.K., 2025, Bison population dynamics, harvest, and human conflict potential under feedground management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, chap. D of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076D. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494031,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QZGZSN","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Jackson bison population projections"},{"id":494000,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/images/"},{"id":493999,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/sir20255076D.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D XML"},{"id":493998,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076D/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D HTML"},{"id":493997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/sir20255076D.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Elk Refuge (NER) in Jackson, Wyoming, supplementally feeds Cervus elaphus canadensis (elk) and Bison bison (American bison) during winter months, but the costs and benefits of this management strategy are being reevaluated considering the potential effects of chronic wasting disease (CWD) on elk. U.S. Geological Survey scientists worked with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on a structured decision-making process that considered five alternative feeding strategies and their effects on bison, elk, and humans. This chapter focuses on elk population dynamics and CWD using computer models. Our modeling results highlight a short-versus long-term tradeoff between the continue feeding and no feeding alternatives. Management alternatives associated with a cessation of supplemental feeding were assumed to make elk more susceptible to severe winters, resulting in initially lower population sizes and less CWD transmission. The increased CWD prevalence and transmission associated with the continue feeding alternative resulted in lower elk population sizes by year 20 (mean=6,700, standard deviation=1,600 in the analysis area) in 70 percent of simulations compared to no feeding (mean=8,400, standard deviation=1,500). No feeding alternatives resulted in higher elk populations than the continue feeding alternative between years 7 and 13 when CWD prevalence exceeded 20 percent in the Jackson elk herd. The increased harvest alternative minimized CWD and natural mortality in 83 out of 100 simulations compared to the continue feeding alternative.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Program and the Environmental Health Program","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Cook, J.D., and Cole, E.K., 2025, Predictions of elk and chronic wasting disease dynamics at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, and surrounding areas, chap. B of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076B. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494164,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13PPHA9","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Software code for simulating elk and chronic wasting disease dynamics on the National Elk Refuge (version 2.0)"},{"id":494126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494140,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/b/sir20255076B.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076B PDF"},{"id":494141,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076B/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076B HTML"},{"id":494142,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/b/sir20255076B.XML","description":"SIR 2025-5076B XML"},{"id":494143,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/b/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2327 University Way, Suite 2
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This chapter presents a description and quantitative evaluation of a collaborative alternative (alternative D) focused on near-term elk population reduction and chronic wasting disease (CWD) monitoring as part of winter elk and bison feedground operations on the National Elk Refuge adjacent to Jackson, Wyoming. Alternative D was developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the lead agency of an Environmental Impact Statement, in consultation with cooperating agencies, including the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department. In evaluating alternative D, the U.S. Geological Survey considered four distinct scenarios that incorporated whether the agencies were able to meet their elk population reduction goals, and the effects of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service stopping feeding after CWD prevalence was measured at or above 7 percent in the Jackson Elk Herd Unit. The modeled scenarios in which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service stopped feeding elk at 7 percent CWD prevalence had higher elk population sizes and generally lower CWD prevalence overall at the end of the 20-year simulation period. Further, three of the four alternative D scenarios resulted in fewer elk-use days on sensitive aspen, willow, and cottonwood habitat types compared to continuing to feed; the 7 percent CWD trigger scenario resulted in higher elk-use days on cottonwood and willow habitats compared to continued feeding, but fewer elk-use days on aspen habitats. When considering brucellosis risk, alternative D scenarios without the 7 percent CWD stop feeding trigger had lower risk than the alternative that stopped feeding elk immediately.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Program, and the Environmental Health Program","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., Cotterill, G.G., Cole, E.K., and Cross, P.C., 2025, Predictions of Elk, Chronic Wasting Disease Dynamics, and Socioeconomics Under Alternative D at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, and Surrounding Areas, chap. F of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision Analysis in Support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076F.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 9 p.; 4 Software Releases","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494111,"rank":9,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DZS7MW","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Socioeconomic effects of bison and elk management alternatives on National Elk Refuge"},{"id":494110,"rank":8,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13PPHA9","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Software code for simulating elk and chronic wasting disease dynamics on the National Elk Refuge (version 2.0)"},{"id":494109,"rank":7,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1486NQE","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Supporting code for—Evaluating elk distribution and conflict under proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming (version 2.0)"},{"id":494108,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QZGZSN","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Jackson bison population projections"},{"id":494010,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/f/images/"},{"id":494009,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/f/sir20255076F.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 F XML"},{"id":494008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076F/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 F HTML"},{"id":494007,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/f/sir20255076F.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 F PDF"},{"id":494006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/f/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
Catadromous American eel ( Anguilla rostrata ) are native to Maine's Penobscot River watershed and historically have migrated through many of its tributaries prior to extensive damming. Recent restoration efforts, including dam removals, have improved connectivity in the lower reaches of the Penobscot River. Characterizing the extent of the American eel's distribution is important to inform restoration and identify extant barriers to migrations within the watershed. In the summer of 2023, we conducted eDNA surveys throughout the Penobscot River watershed to estimate the current distribution of the American eel and identify barriers to inland waters. Water samples were collected from 70 sites representing 37 rivers and streams; the presence or absence of American eel genetic markers within those samples was assessed using qPCR. We have shown that American eel are present in virtually the full extent of the area surveyed (68/70 sites). The results suggest that the majority of the main-stem dams may be passed by American eels at some level, with eel DNA being confirmed upstream of six dams. We confirmed the presence of American eels throughout the lower watershed with just 1 week of eDNA sampling and have highlighted this method for determining the species' access to habitat upstream of dams. The use of eDNA to sample locally (or regionally) for American eel may provide cost-effective information in data deficient areas and help assess the permeability of dam structures to diadromous species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.70018","usgsCitation":"Snyder, S., Dillingham, C., Katz, L., Kinnison, M.T., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2025, Assessing American eel (Anguilla rostrata) distribution in a heavily dammed watershed using eDNA : The Penobscot River watershed, Maine, USA: River Research and Applications, v. 41, no. 9, p. 1970-1981, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.70018.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1970","endPage":"1981","ipdsId":"IP-176205","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498284,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.70018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.79016932992536,\n 44.47116951424118\n ],\n [\n -67.52367258627547,\n 45.25105363241147\n ],\n [\n -67.8686701761885,\n 45.76334994488934\n ],\n [\n -67.98054023471954,\n 46.34090601333176\n ],\n [\n -69.2665286181527,\n 46.68076665138372\n ],\n [\n -69.97891918507078,\n 46.553060617496385\n ],\n [\n -70.25483843412886,\n 46.20814713139498\n ],\n [\n -70.29358331647212,\n 45.903994178555536\n ],\n [\n -69.92178249014444,\n 45.73610232051021\n ],\n [\n -69.41971638316107,\n 45.71547445614357\n ],\n [\n -69.57280286278458,\n 45.32482188278985\n ],\n [\n -68.79016932992536,\n 44.47116951424118\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Shawn","contributorId":302899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillingham, Cody","contributorId":342595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillingham","given":"Cody","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katz, Lara S.","contributorId":348223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katz","given":"Lara S.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":363875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":952084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70271329,"text":"70271329 - 2025 - Bridging theory and practice to inform seed selection for restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-20T17:00:01.854725","indexId":"70271329","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-14T08:39:04","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bridging theory and practice to inform seed selection for restoration","docAbstract":"Introduction
Land managers often face the critical decision of what plant materials to select for ecological restoration. Selection depends on factors that span ecological conditions and human interventions in the restoration process, which can strongly influence the recovery of a degraded ecosystem.
Objectives
To improve the seed selection process, we compared scientific literature and guidance from five federal agencies to bridge seed selection “theory” and “practice” in the interior western and central United States.
Methods
We extracted recurring themes and keywords associated with abiotic, biotic, land management, and producer practices that influence seed selection and analyzed their proportional use between agency guidance and scientific literature.
Results
We identified significant overlap between key concepts in guidance and literature, highlighting the interconnectedness between science and management. However, nuanced patterns emerged across seed selection themes, including more focus in the literature on local adaptation and genetic structure, ramifications of introducing gene flow and artificial selection during plant production, and provenancing strategies to address changing climatic conditions. In contrast, agency guidance focused on genetically appropriate and environmentally suitable seed selection and practical concerns, including seed cost, availability, and diversity. Seed selection studies in the literature were concentrated in the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau, scattered in the Great Plains, and were largely experimental.
Conclusions
Our review suggests new opportunities for co-production of science and decision-making frameworks among researchers, land managers, and seed producers to inform seed selection guidance for restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.70174","usgsCitation":"Shriver, L.C., Jordan, S.E., Massatti, R., and Munson, S.M., 2025, Bridging theory and practice to inform seed selection for restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 33, no. 8, e70174, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.70174.","productDescription":"e70174, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175556","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.78866598120706,\n 49.04235561748641\n ],\n [\n -120.20250589865631,\n 41.84140823785004\n ],\n [\n -119.33329473541818,\n 35.34727657229105\n ],\n [\n -111.28398175833779,\n 31.49140118495456\n ],\n [\n -97.21805173968576,\n 31.514403175771974\n ],\n [\n -89.70271475479493,\n 36.383338172853016\n ],\n [\n -90.36125236409728,\n 41.697402196387685\n ],\n [\n -95.66945329213695,\n 48.97319700012889\n ],\n [\n -104.75310705760324,\n 49.04528498493454\n ],\n [\n -119.78866598120706,\n 49.04235561748641\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shriver, Laura Cecilia 0009-0008-5567-0868","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5567-0868","contributorId":334175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriver","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"Cecilia","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Samuel E. 0000-0001-6074-3330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-3330","contributorId":216635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massatti, Robert 0000-0001-5854-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-5597","contributorId":207294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massatti","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":220026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70272780,"text":"70272780 - 2025 - Low genetic diversity in populations of a clonal invasive plant limits sexual reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-08T16:33:18.998629","indexId":"70272780","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-14T08:28:51","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low genetic diversity in populations of a clonal invasive plant limits sexual reproduction","docAbstract":"Premise
Clonality, a form of asexual reproduction and spread, is common among invasive plants, though sexual reproduction via seeds is often still important for their long-range dispersal. In small populations, clonality has been hypothesized to interfere with sexual reproduction by limiting outcrossing opportunities of a plant.
Methods
We developed a structural equation model based on estimates of genetic diversity and seed production of Lepidium draba, a problematic invasive clonal plant, at 26 sites in Colorado to test whether site characteristics relating to small founder populations resulted in low genetic diversity and sexual reproduction. The next year, in pollen supplementation experiments at six sites (three with high genetic diversity, three with low), we tested whether populations with low genetic diversity were limited by non-self pollen.
Results
Large populations and populations associated with rivers tended to have higher genetic diversity. Percentage seed fill and total seed production were considerably higher at sites with higher genetic diversity. At populations with low genetic diversity, supplementation with pollen from outside of the site, but not from within the site, increased seed production. At populations with high genetic diversity, pollen supplementation from off-site did not increase seed production.
Conclusions
Our study shows that, in low-diversity populations that are dominated by a few large clones, L. draba produces few seeds compared to high-diversity populations and that this appears to be due to limited availability of non-self pollen. The data indicate that low genetic diversity decreases sexual reproduction, which may greatly reduce long-distance dispersal from these populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70083","usgsCitation":"Pearse, I.S., Becker, Z., Ode, P.J., Gaskin, J., and West, N., 2025, Low genetic diversity in populations of a clonal invasive plant limits sexual reproduction: American Journal of Botany, v. 112, no. 8, e70083, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70083.","productDescription":"e70083","ipdsId":"IP-173965","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"112","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Zoe","contributorId":248271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Zoe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ode, Paul J.","contributorId":197314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ode","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":951719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaskin, John F.","contributorId":224961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaskin","given":"John F.","affiliations":[{"id":41006,"text":"USDA ARS, Sidney, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"West, Natalie","contributorId":293501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70270751,"text":"70270751 - 2025 - Magnitude, depth and methodological variations of spectral stress drop within the SCEC/USGS Community Stress Drop Validation Study using the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-01T16:26:29.56428","indexId":"70270751","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-14T08:10:12","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnitude, depth and methodological variations of spectral stress drop within the SCEC/USGS Community Stress Drop Validation Study using the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence","docAbstract":"We present the first ensemble analysis of the 56 different sets of results submitted to the ongoing Community Stress Drop Validation Study using the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence. Different assumptions and methods result in different estimation of the source contribution to recorded seismograms, and hence to the source parameters (principally corner frequency, fc, spectral stress drop, Δσ, and seismic moment, M0) obtained from modeling calculated source spectra. For earthquakes smaller than magnitude (M) 2.5 there is negligible correlation between the fc values obtained by different studies, implying that no present method is reliable using available data. For larger magnitude events, correlation between fc measurements of different studies, within even a small M range is always higher than spectral Δσ, because the fc measurements simply reflect the underlying physical decrease in fc with increasing M. We model the observed trends of submitted fc with both magnitude and depth. Most methods report an increase in spectral Δσ with M, although a magnitude‐invariant spectral Δσ is within the confidence limits. The depth dependence is smaller and depends on whether a study allows attenuation to vary with source depth; a combination of depth‐dependent attenuation correction, and depth‐dependent shear‐wave velocity can compensate for reported depth trends. We model the submitted values to remove differing M and depth variation to investigate the relative interevent variability. We find consistent relative variation between individual events, and also lower relative spectral Δσ in the northwest of the aftershock sequence, and higher on the cross fault and in the region of main fault intersection. This large‐scale comparison implies that absolute spectral Δσ estimates are dependent on the methods used; studies of different regions or using different methods should not be directly compared and improved constraints on path and site corrections are needed to resolve these absolute spectral Δσ differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120250056","usgsCitation":"Abercrombie, R., and Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., 2025, Magnitude, depth and methodological variations of spectral stress drop within the SCEC/USGS Community Stress Drop Validation Study using the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 115, no. 6, p. 2741-2768, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250056.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"2741","endPage":"2768","ipdsId":"IP-177230","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250056","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494533,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ridgecrest earthquake sequence","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.8,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -117.8,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -117.3,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -117.3,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -117.8,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abercrombie, Rachel E.","contributorId":293131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abercrombie","given":"Rachel E.","affiliations":[{"id":7208,"text":"Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70272154,"text":"70272154 - 2025 - Some of these are not like the others: Relative thermal sensitivity among anuran species of the Southeast United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T14:57:05.681157","indexId":"70272154","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-14T07:50:47","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some of these are not like the others: Relative thermal sensitivity among anuran species of the Southeast United States","docAbstract":"Estimating how close a species is to its upper thermal limits (i.e., warming tolerance, a thermal sensitivity index) and how that proximity changes across space enables spatially explicit identification of species with increased extinction risk as temperatures increase. Yet, thermal sensitivity is often difficult to calculate because it is the result of many traits. We aimed to synthesize multiple traits into a single estimate of relative terrestrial thermal sensitivity for 13 anuran species in the southeastern United States. We employed models that incorporate traits and microclimate variation to (1) estimate species warming tolerance (the difference between species critical thermal maximum and modeled operative temperature, an estimate of body temperature) and (2) investigate how warming tolerance varied with latitude (whereby latitude represents different temperature regimes and external drivers of thermal sensitivity). We ran mechanistic niche models across a 12° latitudinal gradient and 10 years to estimate individual operative temperature. We calculated the minimum, 25th percentile (hottest quarter), and median daily minimum warming tolerance. Estimates of minimum warming tolerance spanned −5 to 10°C (Lithobates palustris and Gastrophryne carolinensis respectively) and differed among species. For most species, modeled operative temperatures exceeded species' critical thermal maximum during extreme warm temperatures (i.e., heat waves) in part of their range, and warming tolerance increased with latitude. During heat waves, five species had lower warming tolerance at higher latitudes, and three species' warming tolerance did not change with latitude. We identified species that are approaching their thermal limits in the Southeast and characterized spatial patterns of warming tolerance. Increased temperatures could increase anuran extinction risk, posing an additional challenge for threatened anuran species. Spatial patterns of warming tolerance were not consistent among species in our study, highlighting that patterns identified at higher taxonomic categories could be inconsistent at lower taxonomic categories.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70366","usgsCitation":"Dubose, T.P., Moore, C.E., Farallo, V.R., Benson, A., Hopkins, W.A., Silknetter, S., and Mims, M.C., 2025, Some of these are not like the others: Relative thermal sensitivity among anuran species of the Southeast United States: Ecosphere, v. 16, no. 8, e70366, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70366.","productDescription":"e70366, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-166843","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70366","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.41804252774992,\n 36.980922621562925\n ],\n [\n -94.4596379144605,\n 30.044554744020395\n ],\n [\n -91.28114692202321,\n 29.07626615276368\n ],\n [\n -83.90795717411982,\n 29.51964718386809\n ],\n [\n -81.76388579010543,\n 24.772803573346096\n ],\n [\n -79.01903146054572,\n 25.003689133593937\n ],\n [\n -81.07385800159477,\n 31.309972711185175\n ],\n [\n -73.91922042682097,\n 36.25552154485884\n ],\n [\n -78.18436709638208,\n 36.980922621562925\n ],\n [\n -94.41804252774992,\n 36.980922621562925\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubose, Traci P. 0000-0002-9309-4397","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-4397","contributorId":362263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubose","given":"Traci","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Chloe E.","contributorId":362264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Chloe","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farallo, Vincent R.","contributorId":362265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farallo","given":"Vincent","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":64967,"text":"University of Scranton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benson, Abigail 0000-0002-4391-107X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-107X","contributorId":352933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benson","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkins, William A.","contributorId":362267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"William","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silknetter, Samuel","contributorId":292585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silknetter","given":"Samuel","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mims, Meryl C.","contributorId":362273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mims","given":"Meryl","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70270300,"text":"70270300 - 2025 - Turning trash into treasure: Leveraging discarded filters for national-scale aquatic eDNA biomonitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T14:55:37.921682","indexId":"70270300","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T09:48:44","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12812,"text":"Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries","onlineIssn":"2693-8847","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turning trash into treasure: Leveraging discarded filters for national-scale aquatic eDNA biomonitoring","docAbstract":"Monitoring biodiversity changes over large spatiotemporal scales is critical for effective ecosystem conservation and management. This study investigates the potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to enhance national-scale biomonitoring of freshwater diversity by leveraging discarded filters associated with routine water quality sampling from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water Quality Network (NWQN). We tested 375 samples from 103 NWQN sites for eDNA of native and non-native fish and found that 52% of the filters yielded fish eDNA for a total of 70 fish species detections. Of the filters that had fish eDNA present, an average of 3.7 species were detected. Benchmarking these results to USGS's Aquatic Gap Analysis Project (AGAP)—which includes both field-verified observations along with predictive models derived from fish capture and landscape predictor datasets—we found that eDNA from these filters detected only a fraction of the observed and expected fish diversity for these sites. Our results indicate that these discarded filters may not be sufficient for eDNA sampling of fish communities and posit that alternative filter types more appropriate for eDNA sampling may yield more valuable biomonitoring data. Nevertheless, we tested the efficacy of two novel approaches to facilitate large-scale biomonitoring. Though these filters did not yield adequate fish eDNA, the AGAP database provides a useful method for ground truthing fish species presence. The potential of integrating eDNA sampling into existing monitoring frameworks, which, when paired with more optimal eDNA methods, could be a cost-effective strategy to enhance biodiversity monitoring at large scales.
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0000-0001-6561-3244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6561-3244","contributorId":359618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crane","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":85882,"text":"Jonah Ventures","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":4187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70270180,"text":"fs20253020 - 2025 - Young explosive eruptions from the Clear Lake volcanic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T15:01:42.448231","indexId":"fs20253020","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T08:39:19","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3020","displayTitle":"Young Explosive Eruptions from the Clear Lake Volcanic Field","title":"Young explosive eruptions from the Clear Lake volcanic field","docAbstract":"The Clear Lake volcanic field is the northernmost and youngest field in a chain of volcanic fields in and near the California Coast Range mountains. For 2 million years, numerous eruptions have happened around (and through) Clear Lake. The most recent period of activity in the Clear Lake volcanic field probably started around 40,000 years ago and was mainly explosive eruptions concentrated on and near faults in and around the lake. The combination of hot magma and groundwater created explosive releases of hot steam. The craters, called maars, threw out volcanic ash, pumice, and lava fragments, which fell back to the ground and draped the surrounding landscape. The deposits are visible in many places around the southeast end of the lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253020","programNote":"Natural Hazards Mission Area—Volcano Hazards Program","usgsCitation":"Ball, J.L., Burgess, S., and Blatter, D., 2025, Young explosive eruptions from the Clear Lake volcanic field: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3020, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253020.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-166949","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3020/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":493959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3020/fs20253020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3020 PDF"},{"id":495117,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118736.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Clear lake volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.8,\n 39.07818697576229\n ],\n [\n -122.8,\n 38.92073117948033\n ],\n [\n -122.6,\n 38.92073117948033\n ],\n [\n -122.6,\n 39.07818697576229\n ],\n [\n -122.8,\n 39.07818697576229\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"California Volcano Observatory
Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 North Akron Road
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Email: askCVO@usgs.gov
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2025-08-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Jessica L. 0000-0002-7837-8180 jlball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-8180","contributorId":205012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Jessica","email":"jlball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgess, Seth D. 0000-0002-4238-3797 sburgess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-3797","contributorId":200371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Seth","email":"sburgess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blatter, Dawnika L. 0000-0002-7161-6844 dblatter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-6844","contributorId":4899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blatter","given":"Dawnika","email":"dblatter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70271256,"text":"70271256 - 2025 - Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T15:43:33.763306","indexId":"70271256","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T08:38:18","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5053,"text":"Earth's Future","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields","docAbstract":"Cover crop adoption offers multiple benefits and climate mitigation potential for agroecosystems, but is still an underutilized conservation practice. Recently, the combined use of cover cropping plus no-tillage (CCNT) has been increasingly promoted to achieve its synergistic effectiveness. Yet, how this combined practice affects soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emission remains a topic of debate. Existing studies are predominantly based on research-managed settings and often fail to assess all three major GHGs of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). To address these knowledge gaps, this study conducted a 30-month monitoring from producer-managed fields to quantify the soil greenhouse gas responses to CCNT compared to no-tillage (NT) alone. The findings showed that CCNT increased the soil global warming potential (GWP) by 15.2% relative to NT. CO2 is the main contributor, accounting for over 91.7% of the total GWP. On average, the daily fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 were increased by 16.2%, 32.3%, and 55.6% under CCNT, respectively. Meteorological variables explained 85.3% of the CO2 increase and 46.1% of the N2O increase associated with CCNT. Furthermore, two types of CCNT practices differed in GHG emission responses, though both strategies significantly reduced nitrogen losses. These quantitative results, derived from actual production systems, provide informed decision-making among local producers regarding the adoption of cover crops. Moreover, this field-based evidence offers a robust empirical foundation for future modeling efforts aimed at assessing the ecological benefits of cover crops under varying climatic and soil conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025EF006009","usgsCitation":"Peng, Y., Jacinthe, P., Dobrowolski, E.G., and Wang, L., 2025, Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields: Earth's Future, v. 13, no. 8, e2025EF006009, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006009.","productDescription":"e2025EF006009, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174880","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Fort Wayne","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 41.22935710388364\n ],\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 40.99002813942323\n ],\n [\n -84.942455802017,\n 40.99002813942323\n ],\n [\n -84.942455802017,\n 41.22935710388364\n ],\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 41.22935710388364\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Yu 0000-0003-0043-9075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-9075","contributorId":360866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Yu","affiliations":[{"id":86113,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre 0000-0002-2598-7169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-7169","contributorId":360867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacinthe","given":"Pierre-Andre","affiliations":[{"id":86113,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobrowolski, Edward G. 0000-0001-9840-4609 edobrowo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-4609","contributorId":5555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobrowolski","given":"Edward","email":"edobrowo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Lixin","contributorId":300466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lixin","affiliations":[{"id":65165,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70270656,"text":"70270656 - 2025 - Multi-scale habitat characteristics influence Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T14:59:39.006613","indexId":"70270656","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T08:34:11","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale habitat characteristics influence Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability","docAbstract":"Objective
The limited distribution of the Paleback Darter Etheostoma pallididorsum, which is often associated with dynamic headwater streams, makes the species vulnerable to changes in its environment in west-central Arkansas. A detailed understanding of habitat characteristics that support the species at multiple spatial scales is limited. This project assessed the relative influences of local- and broadscale habitat characteristics on Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability.
Methods
Backpack electrofishing was performed, and a mix of in situ and remote habitat characteristics was linked to the Paleback Darter data. A single-season occupancy model was used to examine factors influencing Paleback Darter occupancy. Candidate models were ranked using Akaike's information criterion corrected for small sample sizes.
Results
A total of 158 Paleback Darters were collected at 13 sites during 35 of the 150 surveys. Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability were estimated to be 0.26 (95% CI = 0.16–0.40) and 0.90 (95% CI = 0.75–0.96), respectively. Distance from springs was negatively related to Paleback Darter occupancy.
Conclusions
Springs appear to be a key in the Paleback Darter's life history strategy, and spring preservation is likely vital to the species’ conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1093/tafafs/vnaf033","usgsCitation":"Hartman, M.L., Morris, K.M., Spurgeon, J.J., and Lochmann, S.E., 2025, Multi-scale habitat characteristics influence Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 154, no. 5, p. 585-594, https://doi.org/10.1093/tafafs/vnaf033.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"594","ipdsId":"IP-170555","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Maxwell L.","contributorId":360092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartman","given":"Maxwell","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37007,"text":"Arkansas Game and Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, Katie M.","contributorId":360095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Katie","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":85969,"text":"Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spurgeon, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-6888-5867","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-5867","contributorId":304259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spurgeon","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lochmann, Steve E.","contributorId":360096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lochmann","given":"Steve","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":81661,"text":"University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70272131,"text":"70272131 - 2025 - Perceptions of climate vulnerability for subsistence inland fisheries in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-17T15:15:19.102087","indexId":"70272131","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T08:12:03","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perceptions of climate vulnerability for subsistence inland fisheries in the United States","docAbstract":"Globally, inland fisheries are important sources of food, particularly for some communities where fishing is socially or culturally important or where local community economics require families to find cheap sources of food. However, little information specific to subsistence inland fisheries and their dependent communities is available for the United States, especially for non-Indigenous populations. This study reports on a national survey of 600 fishery managers, fishers, and other relevant actors, examining current perceptions of subsistence fishing activities and their potential role in climate vulnerability. Findings suggest that the hidden contributions of fish harvests to food often go unreported, masked by a fuzzy boundary between recreational and subsistence activities. Respondents reported that fisheries are threatened by pollution and the compound implications of climate change. These fisheries may contribute more food to vulnerable communities than recognized, which merits increased consideration of subsistence fishers in climate adaptation planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/fshmag/vuaf054","usgsCitation":"Montano, C., Lynch, A., Harrison, I., and Perry, D.M., 2025, Perceptions of climate vulnerability for subsistence inland fisheries in the United States: Fisheries, vuaf054, https://doi.org/10.1093/fshmag/vuaf054.","productDescription":"vuaf054","ipdsId":"IP-166260","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montano, Caitlin","contributorId":362191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montano","given":"Caitlin","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":220490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, Ian","contributorId":238855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16938,"text":"Conservation International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, Denielle M.","contributorId":215885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Denielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39324,"text":"School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70272010,"text":"70272010 - 2025 - Alternating movement strategies of a tropical raptor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T15:10:07.38948","indexId":"70272010","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T08:05:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternating movement strategies of a tropical raptor","docAbstract":"The majority of raptor species reside in the tropics, yet very little is known about their movement ecology. However, quantifying movement behavior can provide otherwise elusive information on resource needs, habitat selection, and ecological constraints, which is important for understanding ecological patterns and the management of species of conservation concern. On the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawai‘i, USA, the endemic ‘Io, or Hawaiian Hawk (Buteo solitarius), is a species of conservation concern that little is known of their movement ecology, yet they are dependent on a fragmented and rapidly changing environment. We tracked 15 individuals for up to 18 months across a diverse landscape on the eastern side of the island. We found that all ‘Io occupied a relatively small geographic area, their place of residency, where they spent all or most of their time. However, 10 individuals also exhibited an alternative movement pattern, where individuals repeatedly commuted back and forth between their place of residency to another, geographically disjunct location. These commuter periods, which could last from 24–180 days, were characterized by frequent (9–259) movements, with individual trips lasting 4–77 h away from their place of residency and 12–47 h in between commuter trips. In most cases, individuals went to the same non-contiguous commuting destination, even across multiple commuting sessions, indicating high fidelity to commuting locations. The ‘Io is a forest adapted Buteo but occurs across a diverse landscape from forest to agriculture lands to urban areas. Habitat selection analysis indicated high individual variation among different birds, but generally a preference for forest patches at localized levels. The discovery of the alternative commuting strategy for many ‘Io represents a cryptic movement pattern in the species, demonstrating the power of small, long-lived Global Position System tracking devices to track movement and providing important insights into the ecology of a tropical island raptor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-11248-8","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., and Paxton, K.L., 2025, Alternating movement strategies of a tropical raptor: Scientific Reports, v. 15, 29719, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11248-8.","productDescription":"29719, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164111","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11248-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.51701720097816,\n 19.9600766888112\n ],\n [\n -155.51701720097816,\n 19.383507623342382\n ],\n [\n -154.77042174449804,\n 19.383507623342382\n ],\n [\n -154.77042174449804,\n 19.9600766888112\n ],\n [\n -155.51701720097816,\n 19.9600766888112\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paxton, Kristina L. 0000-0003-2321-5090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-5090","contributorId":41917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paxton","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70270243,"text":"70270243 - 2025 - Seismic anomalies expand Alaska’s Umiat Anticline potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T19:47:18.623099","indexId":"70270243","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-12T15:46:42","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22169,"text":"Oil and Gas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic anomalies expand Alaska’s Umiat Anticline potential","docAbstract":"Recent seismic advancements, including AVO analysis, have redefined Alaska's Umiat field potential, revealing deeper reservoirs and increasing estimated oil in place.
","language":"English","publisher":"Endeavor Business Media","usgsCitation":"McColgan, P., Dixit, N., and Murchek, J., 2025, Seismic anomalies expand Alaska’s Umiat Anticline potential: Oil and Gas Journal, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-176215","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/exploration-development/article/55309056/seismic-anomalies-expand-alaskas-umiat-anticline-potential","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McColgan, Paul 0009-0003-0339-077X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0339-077X","contributorId":359600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McColgan","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":85878,"text":"McColgan Seismic Interpretation Services, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixit, Nilesh","contributorId":359601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixit","given":"Nilesh","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchek, Jacob T. 0009-0006-1765-5646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1765-5646","contributorId":343990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchek","given":"Jacob T.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70270663,"text":"70270663 - 2025 - Two million years of climate-driven cave-sediment aggradation and valley incision in the southern Ozark Plateau from Fitton Cave, northern Arkansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-01T16:25:11.159479","indexId":"70270663","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-12T10:35:24","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two million years of climate-driven cave-sediment aggradation and valley incision in the southern Ozark Plateau from Fitton Cave, northern Arkansas, USA","docAbstract":"Landscape evolution in karst terrains affects both subterranean and surface settings. For better understanding of controlling processes and connections between the two, multiple geochronometers were used to date sediments and speleothems in upper-level passages of Fitton Cave adjacent to the Buffalo River, northern Arkansas, within the southern Ozark Plateau. Burial cosmogenic-nuclide dating of coarse sediments indicates that gravel pulses washed into upper passages at 2.2 Ma and 1.25 Ma. These represent the oldest epigenetic cave deposits documented in this region. Associated sands and clay-rich sediments mostly have reversed magnetic polarity and thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence dates of 1.2 to 1.0 Ma. Abandonment of these upper passages began before 0.72 Ma, when coarse sediment was deposited in a passage incised below older sediment. Maximum U-series dates of 0.7–0.4 Ma for flowstones capping clastic deposits mark the stabilization of older sediments and a change to vadose conditions that allowed post–0.4 Ma stalagmite growth. Resulting valley incision rates since 0.85 Ma are estimated at 27 m/Ma. Coarse cave-sediment pulses correlate to Laurentide glacial tills about 300 km to the north, suggesting climate influence on periglacial sediment production. Dated cave sediments also may correlate with undated older strath terraces preserved at similar heights above the Buffalo River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/qua.2025.14","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M., Paces, J., Granger, D.E., Rodrigues, K., Keen-Zebert, A., Charles J. Bitting, Turner, K.J., and Sapkota, K.N., 2025, Two million years of climate-driven cave-sediment aggradation and valley incision in the southern Ozark Plateau from Fitton Cave, northern Arkansas, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 128, p. 102-125, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2025.14.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"125","ipdsId":"IP-170218","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2025.14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494527,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Fitton Cave","volume":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":118216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Granger, Darryl E. 0000-0002-9894-8478","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9894-8478","contributorId":360100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granger","given":"Darryl","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":85972,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodrigues, Kathleen","contributorId":298832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodrigues","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16138,"text":"Desert Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keen-Zebert, Amanda","contributorId":224228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keen-Zebert","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40841,"text":"University of Nevada Reno / Desert Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Charles J. Bitting","contributorId":360101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charles J. Bitting","affiliations":[{"id":85975,"text":"National Park Service, Buffalo National River, Harrison, Arkansas, 72601","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turner, Kenzie J. 0000-0002-4940-3981 kturner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3981","contributorId":496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Kenzie","email":"kturner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sapkota, Kayla N.","contributorId":360102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sapkota","given":"Kayla","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":85976,"text":"Cave Research Foundation, Denton, TX 76210","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70271133,"text":"70271133 - 2025 - Effects of climate on temporal variability in streamflow and salinity in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T15:27:40.790329","indexId":"70271133","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-12T10:22:02","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate on temporal variability in streamflow and salinity in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"1. Current and accurate information on wildlife populations is integral to successful biodiversity management and conservation globally. Nevertheless, many monitoring programs fail in their attempts to accurately monitor populations of interest due to interlinked issues including insufficient sample sizes, inappropriate duration, lack of reproducibility, and lack of clearly stated objectives. These common pitfalls could be avoided through the elicitation of explicit monitoring objectives and the a priori use of simulations to inform minimum sampling design requirements to meet said objectives.
2. Here, we provide a blueprint for using spatially explicit power analyses to inform the design and implementation of multi-species monitoring programs on landscape-scales. As a demonstration, we used spatially explicit simulations to devise a suitable sampling regime to meet clearly specified monitoring objectives in New York State: to use annual occupancy-based monitoring to be able to detect 25% and 50% changes in abundance of populations over five- and ten- year periods for all species of management interest in New York State, USA. We focused our simulation efforts on three challenging focal species (black bear, Ursus americanus, bobcat, Lynx rufus, and American marten, Martes americana) that differ notably in their morphology, life histories, space use, detection probability, habitat suitability, and population sizes/trajectories, and thus provide extremes in the challenges presented when it comes to sampling appropriately to detect changes in abundance.
3. Our simulations demonstrate variable context dependent trade-offs in sampling designs (i.e. number of sites [J] and number of sampling occasions [K]), and identify necessary minimum detection probabilities that must be attained to achieve statistical power to detect changes of varying magnitudes in populations of varying sizes in the three focal species. The simulations also highlight that monitoring population increases is likely beyond the reach of occupancy-based monitoring programs for wide-ranging or locally abundant species.
4. Synthesis and applications: We combine the results from the single-species simulations to produce a multi-species sampling design that meets the specified objectives for all three species. While the case study is centered on developing a multi-species sampling regime for New York State, it provides a reproducible step-by-step framework using established methods for wildlife managers and other practitioners to inform their own context- and objective- specific multi-species occupancy-based monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.70129","usgsCitation":"Twining, J.P., and Fuller, A.K., 2025, Spatially explicit power analyses to inform occupancy‐based multi‐species wildlife monitoring programmes: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 62, no. 10, p. 2746-2763, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.70129.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2746","endPage":"2763","ipdsId":"IP-174118","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.70129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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protected areas globally","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-21T22:05:56.926432","indexId":"70271346","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-12T08:43:25","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sparse genetic data limit biodiversity assessments in protected areas globally","docAbstract":"Global conservation targets include protecting genetic diversity within species. Yet few studies have assessed whether protected areas (PAs) include genetically diverse populations across species globally. A first step is understanding the availability of population genetic data that could be used in these assessments. We surveyed georeferenced population-level nuclear (as opposed to mitochondrial or plastid-based) genetic data across continents and marine biomes (36,354 populations, 2809 species) and found substantial geographic and taxonomic gaps. Most data were concentrated in Europe and North America, with major gaps in Africa and Asia. For most taxonomic groups, data were available for <1% of described species. Globally, 52.08% of the total areal extent of PAs lacked genetically sampled populations. These gaps in data availability highlight the need for targeted genetic data collection, harmonization, and sharing to improve genetic diversity monitoring and conservation planning. Combined with proxy-based genetic indicators, such data are needed to inform PA assessments, bolster area-based conservation initiatives like 30 × 30, and support achievement of global genetic conservation targets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.2867","usgsCitation":"Paz-Vinas, I., Vandergast, A.G., Schmidt, C., Leigh, D.M., Blanchet, S., Clark, R.D., Crandall, E.D., De Kort, H., Falgout, J.T., Garroway, C.J., Karachaliou, E., Kershaw, F., O’Brien, D., Pinsky, M.L., Segelbacher, G., Toczydlowski, R.H., and Hunter, M., 2025, Sparse genetic data limit biodiversity assessments in protected areas globally: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 23, no. 8, e2867, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2867.","productDescription":"e2867, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157823","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pinsky, Malin L.","contributorId":361026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinsky","given":"Malin","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":86163,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Segelbacher, Gernot","contributorId":206584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segelbacher","given":"Gernot","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37345,"text":"University of Freiburg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Toczydlowski, Rachel H.","contributorId":361046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"Rachel","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":948173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret 0000-0002-4760-9302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":214948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70270835,"text":"70270835 - 2025 - Metabolomic profiling identifies the mitochondria as a target of pentachlorophenol toxicity in the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-26T15:47:19.983523","indexId":"70270835","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-12T08:41:40","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolomic profiling identifies the mitochondria as a target of pentachlorophenol toxicity in the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa)","docAbstract":"The pervasive presence of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in aquatic-benthic ecosystems poses a threat to organisms. However, the toxicological mechanisms of PCP in benthic organisms are limited. In this study, Tegillarca granosa, a representative bivalve species, was treated with environmentally relevant concentrations of PCP (1, 10, and 100 μg/kg) and positive control for 28 days via sediment exposure to investigate bioaccumulation potential, metabolomic profiles, and histopathology. The biota-sediment bioaccumulation factor for PCP was 9.1. Given the capability of PCP to act as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, studies were performed to determine key events in the adverse outcome pathway associated with this molecular initiating event. Metabolic profiles indicated a disruption in lipid metabolism, as well as imbalances in the quantity of calcium, which was associated with the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A reduction in adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) levels were seen in clams treated with PCP and in animals treated with carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), which served as a positive control. When clams were co-exposed to 100 μg/kg PCP and 500 μg/kg ATP, PCP toxicity was diminished and levels of mitochondrial calcium, as well as ROS, were reduced. These results suggest that mitochondrial impairment is a key event in the toxic mechanism of PCP to T. granosa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118557","usgsCitation":"Jiang, Y., Yan, Y., Guan, Y., Magnuson, J.T., Ding, Z., Ke, Q., Wang, A., Qiao, K., Li, S., Gui, W., and Schlenk, D., 2025, Metabolomic profiling identifies the mitochondria as a target of pentachlorophenol toxicity in the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa): Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 221, 118557, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118557.","productDescription":"118557, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174449","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Yuyao","contributorId":360516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Yuyao","affiliations":[{"id":79340,"text":"Zhejiang University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yan, Yujia","contributorId":360518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yan","given":"Yujia","affiliations":[{"id":79340,"text":"Zhejiang University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guan, Yanru","contributorId":360520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guan","given":"Yanru","affiliations":[{"id":79340,"text":"Zhejiang University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magnuson, Jason Tyler 0000-0001-6841-8014","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-8014","contributorId":329838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magnuson","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"Tyler","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ding, Zijie","contributorId":360523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ding","given":"Zijie","affiliations":[{"id":79340,"text":"Zhejiang University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ke, Qingqing","contributorId":360526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ke","given":"Qingqing","affiliations":[{"id":86029,"text":"Zhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Center, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Aoxue","contributorId":360530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Aoxue","affiliations":[{"id":79340,"text":"Zhejiang University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Qiao, Kun","contributorId":360532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qiao","given":"Kun","affiliations":[{"id":79340,"text":"Zhejiang University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Li, Shuying","contributorId":360533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Shuying","affiliations":[{"id":79340,"text":"Zhejiang University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gui, Wenjun","contributorId":360534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gui","given":"Wenjun","affiliations":[{"id":79340,"text":"Zhejiang University, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schlenk, Daniel","contributorId":221106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlenk","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12655,"text":"University of California, Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ]}