The occurrence and geographic distribution of major metals and trace elements was assessed in the lower Kansas River Basin of Kansas and Nebraska by studying the concentrations of metals and nonmetallic elements in the less-than 63-micrometer-sized fraction of streambedsediment samples from 422 sites on first- and second-order streams. Median concentrations were the same order of magnitude as the geometric mean concentrations in soils of the western United States. Either threshold concentrations or upper percentile classes (greater than 50 percent of concentrations) were determined for 14 metals, arsenic, and phosphorus. Threshold concentrations were determined as the point that the slope of a normal-probability plot increases, indicating data from two different populations. Samples with a concentration greater than the threshold concentration indicated possible enrichment with respect to that particular element. Concentrations of the transition metals, which included chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, and vanadium, generally were larger in the southeastern part of the study unit where Permian and Pennsylvanian shale and limestone predominate.
The largest concentrations of the alkali metals, potassium and sodium, mainly were in the northwestern part of the study unit, which is an area of Quaternary loess deposits irrigated with ground water. Large concentrations of the alkaline-earth metal, barium, also were in the northwestern part of the study unit. Concentrations of the other alkaline-earth metals, calcium, magnesium, and strontium, were larger in the southern part of the basin, which is underlain by Permian and Pennsylvanian shale and limestone. The largest concentrations of arsenic and lead were mainly in the southeastern part of the study unit, an area of Permian and Pennsylvanian shale. Large concentrations of phosphorus in the northwestern part of the study unit probably were due to runoff from irrigated agricultural lands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944196","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., and Ryder, J.L., 1996, Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Selected metals, arsenic, and phosphorus in streambed sediments of first- and second-order streams, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4196, Report: iv, 13 p.; 4 Plates: 37.31 x 30.56 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944196.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 4 Plates: 37.31 x 30.56 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58878,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354839,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":354838,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354837,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410397,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48069.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99,\n 38.6167\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 38.6167\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 41.2667\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 41.2667\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 38.6167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, D. Q.","contributorId":73224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, J. L.","contributorId":30997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28378,"text":"wri954077 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of glacial-drift aquifers, Leech Lake Indian Reservation, north-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T19:33:55.631534","indexId":"wri954077","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4077","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of glacial-drift aquifers, Leech Lake Indian Reservation, north-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Among the duties of the water managers of the Leech Lake Indian Reservation in north-central Minnesota are the development and protection of the water resources of the Reservation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Leech Lake Indian Reservation Business Committee, conducted a three and one half-year study (1988-91) of the ground-water resources of the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. The objectives of this study were to describe the availability and quality of ground water contained in glacial-drift aquifers underlying the Reservation.
Aquifers and confining units are present throughout the entire thickness of the glacial drift in the study area, which includes the Leech Lake Indian Reservation and adjacent parts of Beltrami, Hubbard, Itasca, and Cass Counties in north-central Minnesota, an area of approximately 2,145 square miles. An unconfined aquifer underlies most of the central and north-central parts of the study area. The saturated thickness of the aquifer ranges from 0 to about 105 feet. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity, estimated from 19 slug tests, ranges from 0.6 to 31 feet per day. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from 19 to more than 20,000 feet squared per day and is greatest in an area from west of Cass Lake to Lake Winnibigoshish. Theoretical maximum well yields range from less than 10 to about 2,000 gallons per minute. The unconfined and uppermost confined aquifers are physically and hydraulically separated by a fine-grained confining unit, consisting of till or lake deposits, that ranges in thickness from 3 to 254 feet.
The thickness of the uppermost confined aquifer ranges from 5 to about 53 feet. On the basis of specific-capacity data, the transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from less than 100 feet squared per day in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the study area to about 21,000 feet squared per day near Cass Lake. Theoretical maximum well yields range from less than 10 to about 2,600 gallons per minute.
Recharge to the ground-water system is predominantly from precipitation that infiltrates to the saturated zone. An analysis of four hydrographs for observation wells screened in the unconfined aquifer indicated spring recharge amounts during 1989 of 1-4 inches.
Discharge from the ground-water system occurs by leakage to streams, lakes, and wetlands, evapotranspiration, withdrawals by wells, and underflow to the southeast within the Mississippi River Valley. Streamflow measurements indicate that ground-water discharge to the Mississippi River is greater in the western part of the study area between Cass Lake and Lake Winnibigoshish than in the eastern part downstream from Lake Winnibigoshish.
The general regional direction of ground-water flow in the unconfined and uppermost confined aquifers is to the east and southeast. Ground-water flow is also toward the Mississippi River and the three large lakes in the study area, Lake Winnibigoshish and Cass and Leech Lakes.
Water moves through the ground-water system predominantly horizontally in the aquifers, whereas vertical components of flow are significant in confining units. Downward leakage of water occurs in highland areas where ground water flows downward from overlying till to the uppermost confined aquifer. Water moves vertically upward from deep to shallow aquifers in areas of regional discharge, the Mississippi River, Cass Lake, Lake Winnibigoshish. and Leech Lake.
Waters from both the unconfined and uppermost confined aquifers generally are suitable for domestic consumption, crop irrigation, and most other uses. Concentrations of iron and manganese in water from both aquifers frequently exceed levels that may impart an undesirable taste or odor to water.
Calcium and bicarbonate are the predominant ions in water from both the unconfined and uppermost confined aquifers. Water from both the unconfined and uppermost confined aquifers is hard to very hard, averaging 187 and 247 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate, respectively.
Differences in the mean concentrations of constituents in waters from the unconfined and uppermost confined aquifers vary. The mean concentrations of chloride, manganese, dissolved organic carbon, sulfate, and dissolved iron were greater for water from the unconfined aquifer than for water from the uppermost confined aquifer. Conversely, the mean concentrations of calcium, potassium, silica, sodium, fluoride, and boron were greater for water from the uppermost confined aquifer than for water from the unconfined aquifer. These higher concentrations of naturally occurring constituents in waters from the uppermost confined aquifer may occur because of the longer flow paths and longer residence times of water in the uppermost confined aquifer as compared to the unconfined aquifer.
Nutrients include nitrogen and phosphorus species. The mean concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (NO2 + NO3, dissolved) and total phosphorus were about 5 and 1.5 times greater for water from the unconfined aquifer than for water from the uppermost confined aquifer, respectively. None of the water samples had concentrations of dissolved nitrogen greater than the maximum contaminant level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (10 milligrams per liter) and only one water sample had a concentration greater than 3 milligrams per liter.
Water collected from wells completed in the unconfined aquifer in residential and recreational land-use areas had concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and cyanide equal to or less than 6 micrograms per liter. Concentrations of organic-acid herbicides in water from three wells screened in the unconfined aquifer in managed-forest land-use areas were all below detection levels. Concentrations of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants in water from three wells screened in the unconfined aquifer and from one well screened in the uppermost confined aquifer were also all below detection levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri954077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Leech Lake Indian Reservation Business Committee","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., 1996, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of glacial-drift aquifers, Leech Lake Indian Reservation, north-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4077, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954077.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415725,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48186.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4077/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Leech Lake Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.8,\n 47.666667\n ],\n [\n -93.7,\n 47.666667\n ],\n [\n -93.7,\n 47.2\n ],\n [\n -94.1,\n 47.2\n ],\n [\n -94.1,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -94.8,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -94.8,\n 47.666667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62567f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25852,"text":"wri954294 - 1996 - Water quality of the lower Columbia River Basin: Analysis of current and historical water-quality data through 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-12T21:40:01.022551","indexId":"wri954294","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4294","title":"Water quality of the lower Columbia River Basin: Analysis of current and historical water-quality data through 1994","docAbstract":"The lower Columbia River Basin includes the river basins draining into the Columbia River below Bonneville Dam—the largest of which is the Willamette River. This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, done in cooperation with the Lower Columbia River Bi-State Water- Quality Program, to describe the water-quality conditions in the lower Columbia River Basin by interpreting historical data collected and data collected in 1994. Historical water-quality data spanning more than 50 years and comprising more than 200 parameters were collated for interpretation in this report. The U.S. Geological Survey, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and the Washington Department of Ecology collected water-quality data at 10 sites in the lower Columbia River Basin from January to December of 1994. Water-quality constituents measured in 1994 were screened against U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and State guidelines.
\nArsenic, a human carcinogen, was detected in 15 of 16 samples in the lower Columbia River, but was not detected in any of the sampled tributaries. All 15 arsenic detections had concentrations that exceeded both the EPA ambient water-quality criteria for the protection of human health and the EPA human-health advisories for drinking water. Chromium was detected at all four Columbia River sites—most frequently in the Columbia River at Hayden Island. None of the chromium concentrations detected, however, exceeded water-quality criteria or guidelines.
\nMeasurements of suspended trace-element concentrations (trace-element concentrations associated with the suspended-sediment fraction) showed that the suspended form is the dominant transport phase for aluminum, iron, and manganese, whereas the dissolved form is the dominant transport phase for arsenic, barium, chromium, and copper. On the basis of tributary loads during summer low-flow months, sources of suspended silver, nickel, aluminum, and antimony exist in the lower Columbia River Basin, whereas the sources of suspended zinc and arsenic exist outside of the lower basin.
\nTwenty organic compounds were detected of the 47 compounds analyzed for this study. None of the organic compounds measured exceeded EPA’s ambient water-quality criteria or drinking-water guidelines. The Willamette River at Portland had the largest number of detections, and all 20 compounds were detected at one time or another at that site. The largest concentrations of the agricultural pesticides, atrazine, metolachlor, and simazine were detected in the Willamette River, where they were detected in 93, 86, 93 percent, respectively, of the samples collected. The highest concentrations of atrazine in the Willamette River were associated with the spring application and fall runoff periods.
\nBoth historical and current data showed that the highest water temperatures in the lower Columbia River Basin are present during August. For water years 1977–81 in the Columbia River at Bradwood (river mile 38.9), 75 percent of the daily mean water temperatures during August exceeded 20 degrees Celsius, a “special condition” criterion for the State of Washington. The special condition criterion was exceeded at four sites on the lower Columbia River during July and August, 1994—a period coinciding with season-high air temperatures and low streamflow. Trend tests using data from 1974 to 1994 showed significant (r < 0.05) upward trends for water temperature at the Columbia River at Warrendale and the Willamette River at Portland.
\nConcentrations of dissolved oxygen and total dissolved gas were above saturation levels during high stormflows in the lower Columbia River and the Willamette River during 1994. The high concentrations of total dissolved gas in the Columbia River exceeded Oregon and Washington State standards of 110 percent of saturation and were caused by spilling water at the Columbia River dams. Aquatic life in the lower Columbia River Basin was not subjected to low dissolved-oxygen concentrations. Comparison of dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Willamette River from 1949–58 to 1972–94 showed a significant increase in dissolved-oxygen concentrations during the low-streamflow months of summer.
\nTrend tests showed significant (r < 0.05) downward trends from 1973 to 1994 for three constituents at the Columbia River at Warrendale: phosphorus in unfiltered water, total dissolved solids, and specific conductance. These trends may be a consequence of more conservative agricultural practices in the area upstream from Warrendale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri954294","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Columbia River Bi-State Water-Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Fuhrer, G.J., Tanner, D.Q., Morace, J.L., McKenzie, S.W., and Skach, K.A., 1996, Water quality of the lower Columbia River Basin: Analysis of current and historical water-quality data through 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4294, x, 157 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954294.","productDescription":"x, 157 p.","numberOfPages":"168","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400601,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48367.htm"},{"id":54595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4294/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":158395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4294/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 46.3144\n ],\n [\n -121.85,\n 46.3144\n ],\n [\n -121.85,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 45.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6052e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuhrer, Gregory J. gjfuhrer@usgs.gov","contributorId":944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuhrer","given":"Gregory","email":"gjfuhrer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morace, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-8132-4044 jlmorace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-4044","contributorId":945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morace","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlmorace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skach, Kenneth A. kaskach@usgs.gov","contributorId":1894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skach","given":"Kenneth","email":"kaskach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":118,"text":"wsp2466 - 1996 - Hydrology and geochemistry of aquifer and stream contamination related to acidic water in Pinal Creek basin near Globe, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T19:14:32.524315","indexId":"wsp2466","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2466","title":"Hydrology and geochemistry of aquifer and stream contamination related to acidic water in Pinal Creek basin near Globe, Arizona","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and geochemical research has identified and characterized the physical and chemical processes that control the evolution and movement of metal contaminants in ground water beneath Miami Wash and lower Pinal Creek. The dissolution of calcite in the alluvial aquifer has slowed and neutralized part of the acidic plume, and the sorption of some metals such as nickel and copper to other solids in the subsurface has lowered concentrations of these metals in the ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2466","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., and Favor, B.O., 1996, Hydrology and geochemistry of aquifer and stream contamination related to acidic water in Pinal Creek basin near Globe, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2466, viii, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2466.","productDescription":"viii, 103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25306.htm","text":"Chapter D-Distribution of chemical constituents in surface water, Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25306"},{"id":424717,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25419.htm","text":"Chapter A-Research of acidic contamination of ground water and surface water, Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25419"},{"id":24719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2466/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2466/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Gila 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James G.","contributorId":81094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Favor, Barbara O.","contributorId":63667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Favor","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31948,"text":"ofr966 - 1996 - Geologic map of the Silver Bell and West Silver Bell mountains, southern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-06T14:19:48","indexId":"ofr966","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-6","title":"Geologic map of the Silver Bell and West Silver Bell mountains, southern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Silver Bell Mountains, 50 km northwest of Tucson, Arizona, are a mountain range in the transition from the higher-relief mountains of southeastern Arizona to the low-relief ranges of the western Arizona deserts. The Silver Bell Mountains include the area of the Silver Bell mining district (Richard and Courtright, 1966) which has produced over 100 million pounds of copper (Graybeal, 1982) since mining began in the late 19th century. Most of the mountain range and adjoining flanks are composed of Upper Cretaceous volcanic and plutonic rocks which are interpreted as parts of a ash-flow caldera; the intrusions which formed the porphyry copper deposits of the Silver Bell mining district were emplaced into the caldera margin. The latest Cretaceous and early Tertiary period of formation of most of Arizona's many copper deposits during was also a period of widespread continental silicic caldera volcanism, later fragmented into alternating mountain range exposures and buried beneath alluvial basins by late Tertiary extensional deformation. Lipman and Sawyer (1985) identified as many as seven Cretaceous caldera fragments in southern Arizona, as well as pieces of Cretaceous volcanoes in more than a half-dozen other mountain ranges in southern Arizona. Undoubtedly, much of the evidence about the character of Cretaeous volcanism is buried beneath alluvial valleys. This is the fourth detailed mapping study of these Cretaceous volcanoes: studies of the Tombstone caldera (Moore, 1994) and the Tucson Mountain caldera (Lipman, 1994) have recently been published, and a geologic map of Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the Sierrita Mountains (Fridrich and Lipman, 1991) is in preparation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr966","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, D.A., 1996, Geologic map of the Silver Bell and West Silver Bell mountains, southern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-6, Report: 21 p.; 1 Plate: 54.90 x 31.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr966.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; 1 Plate: 54.90 x 31.28 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60100,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366313,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Silver Bell Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.7,\n 32.375\n ],\n [\n -111.375,\n 32.375\n ],\n [\n -111.375,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -111.7,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -111.7,\n 32.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a8a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":207330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24843,"text":"ofr95773 - 1996 - Chemical analyses of ground-water samples from the Rio Grande Valley in the vicinity of Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 1993 through January 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"ofr95773","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-773","title":"Chemical analyses of ground-water samples from the Rio Grande Valley in the vicinity of Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 1993 through January 1994","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to investigate general ground-water-\r\nquality conditions and contaminant locations in the Rio Grande \r\nValley in the vicinity of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Water samples \r\nfrom 36 observation wells in 12 well nests were analyzed. The \r\nwell nests are located along three roads near the Rio Grande--two \r\nwell nests near Paseo del Norte, five well nests near Monta?o \r\nRoad, and five well nests near Rio Bravo Boulevard.\r\n\r\n The water samples were collected from October 19, 1993, \r\nthrough January 18, 1994. Water-quality types by major-ion \r\ncomposition were calcium bicarbonate (found in most samples), \r\nsodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and calcium sulfate chloride. \r\nNutrients were detected in all but one sample. Ammonia was \r\ndetected in 34 samples, nitrite in 4 samples, and nitrate in 17 \r\nsamples. Orthophosphate was detected in 31 samples. Organic \r\ncarbon was detected in all samples collected. The trace elements \r\narsenic and barium were detected in all samples and zinc in 31 \r\nsamples. Fourteen samples contained detectable copper. Cadmium \r\nwas detected in one sample, chromium in two samples, lead in four \r\nsamples, and selenium in two samples. Mercury and silver were not \r\ndetected.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95773","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wilkins, D.W., Schlottmann, J., and Ferree, D.M., 1996, Chemical analyses of ground-water samples from the Rio Grande Valley in the vicinity of Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 1993 through January 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-773, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95773.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0773/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53843,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0773/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkins, D. W.","contributorId":97471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlottmann, J.L.","contributorId":103699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlottmann","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferree, D. M.","contributorId":53423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferree","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018674,"text":"70018674 - 1996 - The age and thermal history of Cerro Rico de Potosi, Bolivia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T16:55:18.49732","indexId":"70018674","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age and thermal history of Cerro Rico de Potosi, Bolivia","docAbstract":"Cerro Rico de Potosi, Bolivia, is the world's largest silver deposit and has been mined since the sixteenth century for silver, and for tin and zinc during the twentieth century, together with by-product copper and lead. The deposit consists primarily of veins that cut an altered igneous body that we interpret to be a dacitic volcanic dome and its underlying tuff ring and explosion breccia. The deposit is compositionally and thermally zoned, having a core of cassiterite, wolframite, bismuthinite, and arsenopyrite surrounded by a peripheral, lower-temperature mineral assemblage consisting principally of sphalerite, galena, lead sulfosalt, and silver minerals. The low-temperature assemblage also was superimposed on the high-temperature assemblage in response to cooling of the main hydrothermal system. Both the dacite dome and the ore fluids were derived from a larger magmatic/hydrothermal source at depth. The dome was repeatedly fractured by recurrent movement on the fault system that guided its initial emplacement. The dome was extruded at 13.8 ± 0.2 Ma (2σ), based on U-Th-Pb dating of zircon. Mineralization and alteration occurred within about 0.3 my of dome emplacement, as indicated by a 40Ar/39Ar date of 13.76 ± 0.10Ma (1σ) for sericite from the pervasive quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration associated with the main-stage, high-temperature, mineralization. The last thermal event able to reset zircon fission tracks occurred no later than 12.5 ± 1.1 Ma (1σ), as indicated by fission-tract dating. Minor sericite, and magmatic-steam alunite veins, were episodically formed around 11 Ma and between 8.3 and 5.7 Ma; the younger episodes occurring at the time of extensional fracturing at Cerro Rico and wide-spread volcanism in the adjacent Los Frailes volcanic field. None of these younger events appear to be significant thermal/mineralizing events; the exceptionally flat thermal release pattern of 39Ar from sericite and the results of the fission-tract dating of zircon show that none of the younger events was hot enough, and lasted long enough, to cause significant loss of Ar or annealing of zircon fission tracks. U-Th-Pb dating of zircon cores indicates a Precambrian progenitor for some zircons, and REE analyses of dated samples of hydrothermally altered dacite show the presence of a prominent positive Eu anomaly, which constrains interpretations of the origin and evolution of the magmatic/hydrothermal system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00189185","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Zartman, R., McKee, E., Rye, R.O., Naeser, C.W., Sanjines, V., Ericksen, G.E., and Tavera, V., 1996, The age and thermal history of Cerro Rico de Potosi, Bolivia: Mineralium Deposita, v. 31, no. 5, p. 374-385, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00189185.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"385","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bolivia","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Rico de Potosi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.73382346850451,\n -18.034918753301127\n ],\n [\n -67.73382346850451,\n -21.830413253801055\n ],\n [\n -65.03541936805107,\n -21.830413253801055\n ],\n [\n -65.03541936805107,\n -18.034918753301127\n ],\n [\n -67.73382346850451,\n -18.034918753301127\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9abe4b08c986b322413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, C. G.","contributorId":76741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanjines, V.O. V.","contributorId":67675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanjines","given":"V.O.","suffix":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ericksen, G. E.","contributorId":44538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tavera, V.F. V.","contributorId":92442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tavera","given":"V.F.","suffix":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70019084,"text":"70019084 - 1996 - Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70019084","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1813,"text":"Geoscience Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera","docAbstract":"Porphyry deposits are intrusion-related, large tonnage low grade mineral deposits with metal assemblages that may include all or some of copper, molybdenum, gold and silver. The genesis of these deposits is related to the emplacement of intermediate to felsic, hypabyssal, generally porphyritic intrusions that are commonly formed at convergent plate margins. Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera occur in association with two distinctive intrusive suites: calc-alkalic and alkalic. In the Canadian Cordillera, these deposits formed during two separate time periods: Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic (early Mesozoic), and Late Cretaceous to Eocene (Mesozoic-Cenozoic). Deposits of the early Mesozoic period occur in at least three different arc terranes (Wrangellia, Stikinia and Quesnellia) with a single deposit occurring in the oceanic assemblage of the Cache Creek terrane. These terranes were located outboard from continental North America during formation of most of their contained early Mesozoic porphyry deposits. Some of the deposits of this early period may have been emplaced during terrane collisions. Metal assemblages in deposits of the calc-alkalic suite include Mo-Cu (Brenda), Cu-Mo (Highland Valley, Gibraltar), Cu-Mo-Au-Ag (Island Copper, Schaft Creek) and Cu-Au (Kemess, Kerr).The alkalic suite deposits are characterized by a Cu-Au assemblage (Copper Mountain, Afton-Ajax, Mt. Milligan, Mount Polley, Galore Creek). Although silver is recovered from calc-alkalic and alkalic porphyry copper mining operations, silver data are seldom included in the published reserve figures. Those available are in the range of 1-2 grams per tonne (g??t-1). Alkalic suite deposits are restricted to the early Mesozoic and display distinctive petrology, alteration and mineralization that suggest a similar tectonic setting for both Quesnellia and Stikinia in Early Jurassic time. The younger deposits, late Mesozoic to Cenozoic in age, formed in an intracontinental setting, after the outboard host arc and related terranes accreted to the western margin of North America. These deposits are interpreted to occur in continental arc settings, and individual deposits are hosted by a variety of older country rocks. These younger deposits also show a spectrum of metal associations: Cu-Mo (Huckleberry, Berg), Cu-Au (-Mo) (Bell, Granisle, Fish Lake, Casino), Mo (Endako, Boss Mountain, Kit-sault, Quartz Hill), Mo-W (Logtung), Au-W (Dublin Gulch) and Au (Ft. Knox). There may be a continuum between Mo, Mo-W, Au-Mo-W and Au deposits. The distribution and timing of these post-accretion deposits likely reflect major crustal structures and subduction geometry. Cordilleran porphyry metallic deposits show the full range of morphological and depth relationships found in porphyry deposits worldwide. In addition, the Cordillera contains numerous alkalic suite deposits, which are rare worldwide: the unusual, possibly syntectonic Gibraltar deposit; and end-member gold-rich granite-hosted deposits, such as Ft. Knox (Alaska).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoscience Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03150941","usgsCitation":"McMillan, W., Thompson, J.F., Hart, C., and Johnston, S., 1996, Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera: Geoscience Canada, v. 23, no. 3, p. 125-134.","startPage":"125","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7de8e4b0c8380cd7a22b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMillan, W.J.","contributorId":86121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. F. H.","contributorId":18519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, C.J.R.","contributorId":67228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"C.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, S.T.","contributorId":81647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018468,"text":"70018468 - 1996 - Determination of 15N/14N and 13C/12C in solid and aqueous cyanides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-08T17:33:04.115983","indexId":"70018468","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Determination of 15N/14N and 13C/12C in solid and aqueous cyanides","title":"Determination of 15N/14N and 13C/12C in solid and aqueous cyanides","docAbstract":"The stable isotopic compositions of nitrogen and carbon in cyanide compounds can be determined by combusting aliquots in sealed tubes to form N2 gas and CO2 gas and analyzing the gases by mass spectrometry. Free cyanide (CN-aq + HCNaq) in simple solutions can also be analyzed by first precipitating the cyanide as copper(II) ferrocyanide and then combusting the precipitate. Reproducibility is ±0.5‰ or better for both δ15N and δ13C. If empirical corrections are made on the basis of carbon yields, the reproducibility of δ13C can be improved to ±0.2‰. The analytical methods described herein are sufficiently accurate and precise to apply stable isotope techniques to problems of cyanide degradation in natural waters and industrial process solutions.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac950843m","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., 1996, Determination of 15N/14N and 13C/12C in solid and aqueous cyanides: Analytical Chemistry, v. 68, no. 8, p. 1429-1431, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac950843m.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1429","endPage":"1431","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff84e4b0c8380cd4f22d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018648,"text":"70018648 - 1996 - Lead-isotopic, sulphur-isotopic, and trace-element studies of galena from the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb ores, polymetallic veins from the Gory Swietokrzyskie MTS, and the Myszkow porphyry copper deposit, Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-21T11:47:46","indexId":"70018648","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3108,"text":"Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead-isotopic, sulphur-isotopic, and trace-element studies of galena from the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb ores, polymetallic veins from the Gory Swietokrzyskie MTS, and the Myszkow porphyry copper deposit, Poland","docAbstract":"Lead-isotopic data on galena samples collected from a paragenetically constrained suite of samples from the Silesian-Cracow ore district show no regional or paragenetically controlled lead-isotopic trends within the analytical reproducibility of the measurements. Furthermore, the new lead-isotopic data agree with previously reported lead-isotopic results (R. E. Zartman et al., 1979). Sulfur-isotopic analyses of ores from the Silesian-Cracow district as well as from vein ore from the Gory Swietokrzyskie Mts. and the Myszkow porphyry copper deposit, when coupled with trace-element data from the galena samples, clearly discriminate different hydrothermal ore-forming events. Lead-isotopic data from the Permian and Miocene evaporite deposits in Poland indicate that neither of these evaporite deposits were a source of metals for the Silesian-Cracow district ores. Furthermore, lead-isotopic data from these evaporite deposits and the shale residues from the Miocene halite samples indicate that the crustal evolution of lead in the central and western European platform in southern Poland followed normal crustal lead-isotopic growth, and that the isotopic composition of crustal lead had progressed beyond the lead-isotopic composition of lead in the Silesian-Cracow ores by Permian time. Thus, Mesozoic and Tertiary sedimentary flysch rocks can be eliminated as viable source rocks for the metals in the Silesian-Cracow Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits. The uniformity of the isotopic composition of lead in the Silesian-Cracow ores, when coupled with the geologic evidence that mineralization must post-date Late Jurassic faulting (E. Gorecka, 1991), constrains the geochemical nature of the source region. The source of the metals is probably a well-mixed, multi-cycle molasse sequence of sedimentary rocks that contains little if any Precambrian metamorphic or granitic clasts (S. E. Church, R. B. Vaughn, 1992). If ore deposition was post Late Jurassic (about 150 m. y.) or later as indicated by the geologic evidence, the source rocks probably contained elevated concentrations of Zn and Pb (75-100 ppm), and relatively low concentrations of U and Th (2 and 8 ppm or less, respectively). The Carboniferous coal-bearing molasse rocks of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin are a prime candidate for such a source region. The presence of ammonia and acetate in the fluid inclusions (Viets et al., 1996a) also indicate that the Carboniferous coal-bearing molasse sequence in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin may have been a suitable pathway for the MVT ore fluids. The lead-isotopic homogeneity, when coupled with the sulfur-isotopic heterogeneity of the ores suggests that mixing of a single metal-bearing fluid with waters from separate aquifers containing variable sulfur-isotopic compositions in karsts in the Muschelkalk Formation of Middle Triassic age may have been responsible for the precipitation of the ores of the Silesian-Cracow district.
","language":"English","issn":"08669465","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Vaughn, R.B., Gent, C.A., and Hopkins, R., 1996, Lead-isotopic, sulphur-isotopic, and trace-element studies of galena from the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb ores, polymetallic veins from the Gory Swietokrzyskie MTS, and the Myszkow porphyry copper deposit, Poland: Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, v. 154, p. 138-156.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45e0e4b0c8380cd67501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughn, R. B.","contributorId":27043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gent, C. A.","contributorId":17955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopkins, R.T.","contributorId":80264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177020,"text":"70177020 - 1996 - A field investigation of the relationship between zinc and acid volatile sulfide concentrations in freshwater sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-14T13:40:38","indexId":"70177020","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2178,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field investigation of the relationship between zinc and acid volatile sulfide concentrations in freshwater sediments","docAbstract":"Understanding relationships between cationic metals such as cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc, and amorphous iron sulfides, measured as acid volatile sulfide (AVS), is key to predicting metal bioavailability and toxicity insediments. The objective of the present study was to assess seasonal and spatial variations of AVS in freshwater sediments contaminated with zinc. Sediments were sampled from three streams with varying levels of zinc contamination at two different times, March and June of 1995, representing cold- and warm-weather situations. Interstitial (pore) water concentrations of zinc, and solid phase concentrations of AVS and zinc were measured in surficial and deep sediment horizons. Toxicity tests (10-d) with the amphipodHyalella azteca were conducted using intact cores. Sediment zinc concentrations from six sites within the primary test stream differed by about five-fold, and also varied seasonally. Acid volatile sulfide concentrations were generally lower than those of zinc, and pore water zinc concentrations typically were elevated. There was a positive correlation between solid-phase AVS and zinc concentrations, suggesting that the system was dominated by zinc, as opposed to iron sulfides. In contrast to expectations arising from some studies of seasonal variations of AVS in iron-dominated systems, AVS concentrations were smaller in June than in March. However, this was likely due to a major storm event and associated sediment scouring before the June sampling, rather than to seasonal processes related to variations in temperature and dissolved oxygen. Based upon an indirect analysis of depth variations in AVS, there was some indication that zinc sulfide might be less prone to oxidation than iron sulfide. There was a strong correlation between toxicity of the sediment samples toH. azteca and interstitial water concentrations of zinc; however, the possible contribution of other contaminants to sediment toxicity cannot be dismissed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00662186","usgsCitation":"Ankley, G., Liber, K., Call, D.J., Markee, T.P., Canfield, T., and Ingersoll, C.G., 1996, A field investigation of the relationship between zinc and acid volatile sulfide concentrations in freshwater sediments: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, v. 5, no. 4, p. 255-264, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00662186.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"264","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5801eebfe4b0824b2d18c437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ankley, Gerald T.","contributorId":67382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"Gerald T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liber, Karsten","contributorId":175394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liber","given":"Karsten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Call, Daniel J.","contributorId":175395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Call","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markee, Thomas P.","contributorId":175396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markee","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Canfield, Timothy J.","contributorId":175397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canfield","given":"Timothy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018070,"text":"70018070 - 1996 - Age of supergene oxidation and enrichment in the Chilean porphyry copper province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T16:58:06.67885","indexId":"70018070","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of supergene oxidation and enrichment in the Chilean porphyry copper province","docAbstract":"Twenty-five samples of supergene alunite collected from deeply developed supergene profiles in porphyry copper deposits and prospects between latitudes 20 degrees and 27 degrees S in northern Chile yield K/Ar ages ranging from about 34 to 14 Ma. Therefore supergene oxidation and enrichment processes were active from the early Oligocene to the middle Miocene, a minimum of 20 m.y. Supergene activity at individual deposits lasted for at least 0.4 to 6.2 m.y. The early Oligocene supergene activity affected deposits in the Paleocene porphyry copper belt, whereas early and middle Miocene supergene processes are documented in the Early Cretaceous, Paleocene, and late Eocene to early Oligocene porphyry, copper belts. Middle Miocene oxidation also affected the oldest epithermal gold-silver deposits in the Maricunga belt farther east. Supergene activity commenced no less than 11 m.y. after generation of each porphyry copper deposit because of the time required to unroof the copper-bearing parts of the system. Supergene activity throughout northern Chile ceased at approximately 14 Ma. The geologic features of deposits and prospects and their morphotectonic positions, present latitudes, and present elevations display no obvious correlations with the supergene chronology. Exploration for major cumulative enrichment blankets should not be carried out either beneath thick sequences of piedmont gravels (+ or - ignimbrites) of Oligocene through middle Miocene age unless their accumulation is demonstrably late in the documented history of supergene activity, or in porphyry copper provinces, such as those of central Chile and northwestern Argentina, which formed after approximately 14 Ma. The uplift responsible for efficient cumulative copper enrichment is difficult to correlate convincingly with the brief pulses of compressive tectonism postulated for northern Chile and contiguous areas unless their effects were much more prolonged. Intensifying aridity is confirmed as the likely reason for the cessation of supergene activity in northern Chile, and tectonic uplift was its most probable cause. However, more fundamental global controls producing a period of chemical weathering followed by worldwide dessication also may have played a role.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.91.1.164","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Sillitoe, R., and McKee, E., 1996, Age of supergene oxidation and enrichment in the Chilean porphyry copper province: Economic Geology, v. 91, no. 1, p. 164-179, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.91.1.164.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8ede4b0c8380cd47fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sillitoe, R.H.","contributorId":76479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sillitoe","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018738,"text":"70018738 - 1996 - Copper speciation and binding by organic matter in copper-contaminated streamwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T09:18:13","indexId":"70018738","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper speciation and binding by organic matter in copper-contaminated streamwater","docAbstract":"Fulvic acid binding sites (1.3−70 μM) and EDTA (0.0017−0.18 μM) accounted for organically bound Cu in seven stream samples measured by potentiometric titration. Cu was 84−99% organically bound in filtrates with 200 nM total Cu. Binding of Cu by EDTA was limited by competition from other trace metals. Water hardness was inversely related to properties of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that enhance fulvic acid binding: DOC concentration, percentage of DOC that is fulvic acid, and binding sites per fulvic acid carbon. Dissolved trace metals, stabilized by organic binding, occurred at increased concentration in soft water as compared to hard water.
A particle-tracking analysis was done to estimate capture zones for selected public-supply wells in Salt Lake Valley. Twenty-five- and 50-year capture zones were estimated using a regional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model in conjunction with a particle-tracking program. Three sets of wells currently discharging ground water of adequate quality for public use, but located near areas of ground water with high dissolved-solids concentrations, were selected for the analysis. These included five wells in central Salt Lake Valley near the former Vitro chemical-processing site, four wells in southwestern Salt Lake Valley northeast of Copperton, and five wells in southeastern Salt Lake Valley between Midvale and Sandy. Capture zones were estimated for the wells for current average pumping and projected increased pumping. The quality of ground water within the estimated capture zones was evaluated by comparing the extent of the zones with the distribution of dissolved solids in the ground water surrounding the selected wells.
Results of the analysis of wells in central Salt Lake Valley indicate that most of the volume of ground water within the well’s capture zones is characterized by dissolved-solids concentration of less than 500 milligrams per liter. Estimated capture zones of wells in southwestern and southeastern Salt Lake Valley contain ground water with higher dissolved-solids concentrations than ground water currently being discharged by those wells. Estimated 50-year capture zones of selected wells in southwestern Salt Lake Valley contain ground water with dissolved-solids concentrations exceeding 5,000 milligrams per liter. Estimated 50-year capture zones for wells in southeastern Slat Lake Valley, based on simulation of projected increased pumping, indicate flow toward the wells from an area of ground water west of the Jordan River characterized by dissolved-solids concentrations exceeding 1,000 milligrams per liter.
","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Lambert, P., 1995, Particle-tracking analysis of flow paths and travel times within the capture areas of well fields in Salt Lake Valley, Utah: Technical Publication 110-C, v, 36 p.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341629,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docImport/0588/05885650.pdf"},{"id":332760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-592"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.6432,40.7953],[-111.6438,40.7926],[-111.6396,40.7872],[-111.6439,40.7849],[-111.6403,40.7795],[-111.647,40.7749],[-111.6427,40.7731],[-111.6397,40.7704],[-111.6379,40.7695],[-111.6343,40.7677],[-111.6312,40.7658],[-111.6258,40.7626],[-111.6246,40.7604],[-111.6234,40.759],[-111.6222,40.7554],[-111.621,40.7504],[-111.6204,40.7431],[-111.6199,40.7381],[-111.6193,40.7327],[-111.6163,40.7299],[-111.612,40.7272],[-111.6078,40.724],[-111.6066,40.7204],[-111.6048,40.7172],[-111.6018,40.7145],[-111.5976,40.7122],[-111.5927,40.7072],[-111.5897,40.704],[-111.5897,40.6995],[-111.597,40.6945],[-111.5989,40.6904],[-111.5959,40.6805],[-111.5966,40.6696],[-111.5954,40.6623],[-111.593,40.6541],[-111.5798,40.6459],[-111.5755,40.6405],[-111.5738,40.6346],[-111.5689,40.6332],[-111.5653,40.6273],[-111.5593,40.6218],[-111.5557,40.6173],[-111.5503,40.6159],[-111.5497,40.6118],[-111.5533,40.61],[-111.5552,40.6087],[-111.5588,40.6064],[-111.5588,40.6032],[-111.5583,40.5969],[-111.5583,40.5937],[-111.5638,40.5855],[-111.5716,40.5842],[-111.5789,40.5833],[-111.5971,40.5784],[-111.5983,40.5789],[-111.6038,40.5657],[-111.6129,40.5667],[-111.622,40.5667],[-111.6311,40.5672],[-111.6347,40.5699],[-111.6414,40.5608],[-111.6468,40.5568],[-111.6523,40.5554],[-111.6565,40.5532],[-111.6608,40.5432],[-111.6669,40.541],[-111.6796,40.5328],[-111.6869,40.5342],[-111.6935,40.5351],[-111.7038,40.5356],[-111.7129,40.532],[-111.7202,40.5266],[-111.7335,40.5307],[-111.7371,40.5262],[-111.7474,40.5253],[-111.7619,40.5276],[-111.771,40.5235],[-111.7819,40.5149],[-111.7873,40.509],[-111.7867,40.5072],[-111.791,40.4959],[-111.7928,40.4954],[-111.8013,40.495],[-111.811,40.4905],[-111.8261,40.4846],[-111.8328,40.4814],[-111.8394,40.4742],[-111.8424,40.4755],[-111.8461,40.4765],[-111.8515,40.4692],[-111.8551,40.4669],[-111.8594,40.4688],[-111.8654,40.4715],[-111.8696,40.4765],[-111.8811,40.4715],[-111.8878,40.4683],[-111.8926,40.4656],[-111.8969,40.4638],[-111.9035,40.4588],[-111.9222,40.4525],[-111.9126,40.4416],[-111.9192,40.438],[-111.9271,40.4348],[-111.9307,40.433],[-111.9434,40.4267],[-111.9513,40.4221],[-111.9531,40.4212],[-111.9561,40.4198],[-111.9627,40.4189],[-111.9663,40.4176],[-111.97,40.4158],[-111.9748,40.4149],[-111.9772,40.4158],[-111.9923,40.4235],[-112.0038,40.4262],[-112.0141,40.4344],[-112.0213,40.4398],[-112.0261,40.4493],[-112.0286,40.4575],[-112.0322,40.4643],[-112.0425,40.4602],[-112.0443,40.4561],[-112.0527,40.4543],[-112.0582,40.4516],[-112.0636,40.4484],[-112.069,40.4457],[-112.0751,40.447],[-112.0835,40.4466],[-112.092,40.447],[-112.0998,40.4448],[-112.1034,40.442],[-112.1113,40.4389],[-112.1131,40.4429],[-112.1125,40.4457],[-112.1125,40.4515],[-112.1174,40.4534],[-112.1198,40.4543],[-112.1252,40.4606],[-112.1283,40.4633],[-112.1343,40.4665],[-112.1428,40.471],[-112.1506,40.4687],[-112.1524,40.4669],[-112.1591,40.4624],[-112.1675,40.4642],[-112.173,40.4674],[-112.17,40.4719],[-112.1754,40.4814],[-112.1724,40.4846],[-112.1864,40.4964],[-112.1797,40.5018],[-112.1864,40.514],[-112.1779,40.5204],[-112.1774,40.5299],[-112.181,40.5399],[-112.1822,40.5431],[-112.1774,40.5544],[-112.1762,40.5562],[-112.1817,40.5617],[-112.1805,40.5676],[-112.1835,40.573],[-112.1793,40.5785],[-112.1745,40.5857],[-112.1781,40.5943],[-112.1769,40.6021],[-112.1739,40.6039],[-112.18,40.6088],[-112.18,40.6129],[-112.1879,40.6152],[-112.1927,40.6233],[-112.1933,40.6242],[-112.194,40.6261],[-112.1928,40.6383],[-112.1928,40.6397],[-112.197,40.6433],[-112.1976,40.6483],[-112.2025,40.6533],[-112.2007,40.6646],[-112.1995,40.6728],[-112.2032,40.6787],[-112.1996,40.6882],[-112.196,40.6927],[-112.1978,40.6995],[-112.2002,40.7045],[-112.2009,40.7077],[-112.2033,40.7113],[-112.2258,40.7262],[-112.2611,40.7706],[-112.2029,40.8075],[-112.2011,40.8079],[-112.1375,40.8457],[-112.0567,40.892],[-112.0069,40.9201],[-111.9558,40.9192],[-111.9558,40.897],[-111.9667,40.8843],[-111.968,40.8748],[-111.9601,40.8675],[-111.9613,40.8594],[-111.9625,40.8526],[-111.9576,40.8471],[-111.951,40.8466],[-111.9437,40.8421],[-111.9437,40.8371],[-111.9412,40.8326],[-111.9352,40.8262],[-111.9328,40.8208],[-111.9103,40.8226],[-111.8896,40.823],[-111.8811,40.8235],[-111.8684,40.8235],[-111.8526,40.8266],[-111.8374,40.8325],[-111.8259,40.8334],[-111.8186,40.8343],[-111.8082,40.8383],[-111.7985,40.8388],[-111.7851,40.8447],[-111.7778,40.8442],[-111.7645,40.8505],[-111.748,40.8546],[-111.7444,40.8609],[-111.7352,40.8627],[-111.7231,40.855],[-111.7176,40.8563],[-111.7079,40.8531],[-111.7012,40.8567],[-111.6982,40.8617],[-111.6818,40.8585],[-111.6745,40.8562],[-111.6684,40.8544],[-111.6624,40.8507],[-111.6575,40.8475],[-111.6563,40.8453],[-111.6655,40.8362],[-111.6564,40.8285],[-111.6497,40.8258],[-111.6437,40.8221],[-111.6401,40.8194],[-111.6432,40.7953]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Salt 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M.","contributorId":74380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175251,"text":"70175251 - 1995 - Pathway models could aid management of contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T14:46:35.736058","indexId":"70175251","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-08T01:30:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathway models could aid management of contaminants","docAbstract":"Heavy metal and trace organic contaminants are often cited as factors that could affect the riclmess of the biological community of San Francisco Bay as well as the health of resident organisms. Silver (Ag), selenium (Se), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) are among the trace elements of current regulatory interest. All these elements can be toxic to estuarine organisms in minute quantities. However, understanding their toxicity in nature has proven a difficult challenge. In general, it is difficult to prove how pollutants are affecting ecosystems. The undisturbed \"baseline\" condition in San Francisco Bay is not always well enough understood to identify whether certain processes are affected or unaffected by contamination. Sources of disturbance (flow diversions, drought, invasion of exotic species, etc.) occur in addition to chemical contamination. Responses to contamination in individual organisms, populations, and commumties are seldom pollutant-specific, and the complex responses to moderate levels of contamination are not well known.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., 1995, Pathway models could aid management of contaminants: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.76672363281249,\n 37.413800350662896\n ],\n [\n -121.86584472656251,\n 37.413800350662896\n ],\n [\n -121.86584472656251,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -122.76672363281249,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -122.76672363281249,\n 37.413800350662896\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315cce4b006cb45558b3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":120222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156075,"text":"70156075 - 1995 - Estimating number of species and relative abundances in stream-fish communities: effects of sampling effort and discontinuous spatial distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T16:31:22","indexId":"70156075","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating number of species and relative abundances in stream-fish communities: effects of sampling effort and discontinuous spatial distributions","docAbstract":"We sampled fishes and measured microhabitat in series of contiguous habitat units (riffles, runs, pools) in three Virginia streams. We used Monte Carlo simulations to construct hypothetical series of habitat units, then examined how number of species, similarity in relative abundances, and number of microhabitats accumulated with increasing number of habitat units (i.e., sampling effort). Proportions of all species and microhabitats represented were relatively low and variable at low sampling effort, but increased asymptotically and became less variable with greater sampling effort. To facilitate comparisons among streams, we fitted simulation results to negative exponential curves. The curves indicated that 90% of the species present were usually found by sampling 5 to 14 habitat units (stream length of 22–67 stream widths). Estimates of species relative abundances required less sampling effort for a given accuracy than estimates of number of species. Rates of species accumulation (with effort) varied among streams and reflected discontinuity in species distributions among habitat units. Most discontinuity seemed to be due to low population density rather than to habitat selectivity. Results from an Illinois stream corroborated our findings from Virginia, and suggested that greater sampling effort is needed to characterize fish community structure in more homogeneous stream reaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"N R C Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","doi":"10.1139/f95-093","usgsCitation":"Angermeier, P.L., and Smogor, R.A., 1995, Estimating number of species and relative abundances in stream-fish communities: effects of sampling effort and discontinuous spatial distributions: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 5, p. 936-949, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-093.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"936","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1988-09-01","temporalEnd":"1989-08-31","ipdsId":"IP-008661","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Creek, Bernards Creek, Copper Creek","volume":"52","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfafe4b08400b1fe13ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smogor, Roy A.","contributorId":23723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smogor","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222681,"text":"5222681 - 1995 - Heavy metals in seaducks and mussels from Misty Fjords National Monument in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T14:00:36","indexId":"5222681","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy metals in seaducks and mussels from Misty Fjords National Monument in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"Quartz Hill, in Misty Fjords National Monument near Ketchikan, Alaska, is the site of a proposed molybdenum-producing mine. To provide baseline data for use in post-development comparisons, we analyzed tissues of Barrow's goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica), common mergansers (Mergus merganser), and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) for seven heavy metals that could potentially be released into the environment as a result of mining operations. Specimens were collected in 1980, 1981, and 1982 from two fjords likely to be used for discharge of tailings from the proposed mine and from two control fjords. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, molybdenum, lead, and zinc were measured in soft tissues of mussels and in kidney, liver, and muscle of birds. The highest mean concentrations of metals found in bird tissues were 55.7 ppm dry weight cadmium in kidneys and 154 ppm dry weight zinc in livers of Barrow's goldeneyes. Concentrations of several metals in blue mussels differed among seasons and locations, but the most significant finding in mussels was a maximum mean cadmium concentration of 9.6 ppm dry weight, a level higher than normally found in undisturbed areas. With the exception of 104 ppm dry weight cadmium in the kidney of one common merganser and 12.7 ppm dry weight lead in the kidney of another, concentrations of other metals in seaduck and mussel tissues were low, consistent with what would be expected for a pre-development environment. Molybdenum was found in low concentrations ( 10 ppm dry weight) in all avian kidney samples and most liver samples, but was not detected in blue mussels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00546787","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., Koehl, P., Derksen, D., Rothe, T., Bunck, C., and Moore, J.F., 1995, Heavy metals in seaducks and mussels from Misty Fjords National Monument in southeast Alaska: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 36, no. 2, p. 149-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00546787.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -131.83868408203125,\n 56.173081072076165\n ],\n [\n -131.7645263671875,\n 55.773483422605516\n ],\n [\n -131.9403076171875,\n 55.46017083861817\n ],\n [\n -131.67938232421875,\n 55.27442182695317\n ],\n [\n -131.53106689453125,\n 55.19768334019969\n ],\n [\n -131.220703125,\n 55.101944719793146\n ],\n [\n -131.011962890625,\n 54.983918190363234\n ],\n [\n -130.5889892578125,\n 54.97288463122323\n ],\n [\n -130.83068847656247,\n 56.22197738278634\n ],\n [\n -131.59423828124997,\n 56.21281407174654\n ],\n [\n -131.83868408203125,\n 56.173081072076165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63c6bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koehl, P.S.","contributorId":62568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehl","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, D.V.","contributorId":23483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"D.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rothe, T.C.","contributorId":10016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothe","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, John F.","contributorId":30185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":26574,"text":"wri954150 - 1995 - Contamination of wells completed in the Roubidoux aquifer by abandoned zinc and lead mines, Ottawa County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri954150","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4150","title":"Contamination of wells completed in the Roubidoux aquifer by abandoned zinc and lead mines, Ottawa County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Roubidoux aquifer in Ottawa County Oklahoma is used extensively as a source of water for public supplies, commerce, industry, and rural water districts. Water in the Roubidoux aquifer in eastern Ottawa County has relatively low dissolved-solids concentrations (less than 200 mg/L) with calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate as the major ions. The Boone Formation is stratigraphically above the Roubidoux aquifer and is the host rock for zinc and lead sulfide ores, with the richest deposits located in the vicinity of the City of Picher. Mining in what became known as the Picher mining district began in the early 1900's and continued until about 1970. The water in the abandoned zinc and lead mines contains high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, fluoride, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc. Water from the abandoned mines is a potential source of contamination to the Roubidoux aquifer and to wells completed in the Roubidoux aquifer.\r\nWater samples were collected from wells completed in the Roubidoux aquifer in the Picher mining district and from wells outside the mining district to determine if 10 public supply wells in the mining district are contaminated. The chemical analyses indicate that at least 7 of the 10 public supply wells in the Picher mining district are contaminated by mine water. Application of the Mann-Whitney test indicated that the concentrations of some chemical constituents that are indicators of mine-water contamination are different in water samples from wells in the mining area as compared to wells outside the mining area. Application of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the concentrations of some chemical constituents that are indicators of mine-water contamination were higher in current (1992-93) data than in historic (1981-83) data, except for pH, which was lower in current than in historic data. pH and sulfate, alkalinity, bicarbonate, magnesium, iron, and tritium concentrations consistently indicate that the Cardin, Commerce 1, Commerce 3, Picher 2, Picher 3, Picher 4, and Quapaw 2 wells are contaminated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954150","usgsCitation":"Christenson, S.C., 1995, Contamination of wells completed in the Roubidoux aquifer by abandoned zinc and lead mines, Ottawa County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4150, vi, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954150.","productDescription":"vi, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1975,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4150.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691ad6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17101,"text":"ofr94707W - 1995 - Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T15:14:32","indexId":"ofr94707W","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-707","chapter":"W","title":"Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993","docAbstract":"The objective of the watershed-management evaluation monitoring program in Wisconsin is to evaluate the effectiveness of the best-management practices (BMPs) for rural streams, urban streams, and urban storm sewers. This report is an annual summary of the data collected for the program and a report of the results from several different special studies conducted within this program.
\nSuspended sediment and total phosphorus storm-load data are summarized for eight rural sites and suspended sediment, total phosphorus, total recoverable lead, total recoverable copper, total recoverable zinc, and total recoverable cadmium storm-load data are summarized for four urban sites. Dissolved-oxygen data is summarized and compared with Wisconsin's waterquality standards for summer 1993 for seven rural sites. The dissolved-oxygen concentrations declined to levels below these standards at least one time at all seven sites during summer 1993. Total-recoverable hardness concentrations were compared with dissolved-hardness concentrations at two urban streams and two urban storm sewers. Least-squared linear regressions resulted in stronger relations for low-flow conditions than for high-flow conditions, indicating that most hardness during low flow is dissolved hardness. Pesticide data are summarized for four urban sites and six rural sites. Herbicides were detected at urban and rural sites; whereas insecticides were detected only at urban sites.
\nA land-use and best-management-practice inventory is ongoing for each evaluation monitoring project to track the different sources of nonpoint pollution in each watershed and to document implementation of best-management programs that may cause changes in water quality of streams. Updated information is gathered each year, mapped, and stored in a geographic-information-system data base.
\nThe quality-assurance/quality-control plan for the urban watershed-management evaluation program consisted of a series of blank samples. These blank samples were used to identify and isolate contamination by inorganic and organic components throughout the collection and processing of urban streamwater samples. A dissolved trace-metal contamination problem was identified and resolved by using different laboratory- supplied sample bottles.
\nA special study was done to determine the effect of holding time on fecal coliform colony counts. A linear regression indicated that the mean decrease in colony counts over 72 hours was 8.2 percent per day. Results after 24 hours showed that colony counts increased in some samples and decreased in others.
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D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greb, S.R.","contributorId":19179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owens, D.W.","contributorId":28994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rappold, K.F.","contributorId":87568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rappold","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":28043,"text":"wri954228 - 1995 - Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T19:51:04.738972","indexId":"wri954228","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4228","title":"Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires information on the volume and quality of urban \nstorm-water runoff to apply for a permit to discharge this water into the Boise River under the National \nPollutant Discharge Elimination System Program. Concentrations of selected chemical constituents in \nstorm runoff were determined from samples collected at four storm-sewer outfalls in Boise from October \n1993 through June 1994 and at one outfall in Garden City from September through October 1994. \nSamples were analyzed for specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, water temperature, oxygen demand, fecal \nindicator bacteria, major ions, dissolved and suspended solids, nutrients, trace elements, and numerous \norganic compounds. The measurement of storm-runoff volume and mean concentrations of constituents \nwere used to estimate storm-runoff loads.\nPreviously developed U.S. Geological Survey regional regression models of runoff and 11 chemical \nconstituents were evaluated to assess their suitability for use in urban areas in Boise and Garden City. \nData collected in the study area were used to develop adjusted regional models of storm-runoff volumes \nand mean concentrations and loads of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved and suspended solids, total \nnitrogen and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen, total and dissolved phosphorus, and total \nrecoverable cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. Explanatory variables used in these models were drainage \narea, impervious area, land-use information, and precipitation data. Mean annual runoff volume and loads \nat the five outfalls were estimated from 904 individual storms during 1976 through 1993. Two methods \nwere used to compute individual storm loads. The first method used adjusted regional models of storm \nloads and the second used adjusted regional models for mean concentration and runoff volume. For large \nstorms, the first method seemed to produce excessively high loads for some constituents and the second \nmethod provided more reliable results for all constituents except suspended solids. The first method \nprovided more reliable results for large storms for suspended solids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Ada County Highway District, City of Boise, Idaho Transportation Department, Ada County Drainage District No.3, and Boise State University","usgsCitation":"Kjelstrom, L., 1995, Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4228, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954228.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"39","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48312.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4228/report-thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"North American Datum 1983","datum":"GRS 80 Spheroid","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Ada County","city":"Boise, Garden City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.6667\n ],\n [\n -116.041667,\n 43.6667\n ],\n [\n -116.041667,\n 43.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kjelstrom, L.C.","contributorId":89104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjelstrom","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25905,"text":"wri954018 - 1995 - Background concentrations of metals in soils from selected regions in the State of Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T19:36:21.997231","indexId":"wri954018","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4018","title":"Background concentrations of metals in soils from selected regions in the State of Washington","docAbstract":"Soil samples from 60 sites in the State of Washington were collected and analyzed to determine the magnitude and variability of background concen- trations of metals in soils of the State. Samples were collected in areas that were relatively undisturbed by human activity from the most pre- dominant soils in 12 different regions that are representative of large areas of Washington State. Concentrations of metals were determined by five different laboratory methods. Concentrations of mercury and nickel determined by both the total and total-recoverable methods displayed the greatest variability, followed by chromium and copper determined by the total-recoverable method. Concentrations of other metals, such as aluminum and barium determined by the total method, varied less. Most metals concentrations were found to be more nearly log-normally than normally distributed. Total metals concentrations were not significantly different among the different regions. However, total-recoverable metals concentrations were not as similar among different regions. Cluster analysis revealed that sampling sites in three regions encompassing the Puget Sound could be regrouped to form two new regions and sites in three regions in south-central and southeastern Washington State could also be regrouped into two new regions. Concentrations for 7 of 11 total-recoverable metals correlated with total metals concentrations. Concen- trations of six total metals also correlated positively with organic carbon. Total-recoverable metals concentrations did not correlate with either organic carbon or particle size. Concentrations of metals determined by the leaching methods did not correlate with total or total-recoverable metals concentrations, nor did they correlate with organic carbon or particle size.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954018","usgsCitation":"Ames, K.C., and Prych, E., 1995, Background concentrations of metals in soils from selected regions in the State of Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4018, v, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954018.","productDescription":"v, 103 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411572,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f8e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ames, K. C.","contributorId":20781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prych, E. A.","contributorId":36163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23617,"text":"ofr95816 - 1995 - Re-examination of rock geochemistry in the Copper Canyon area, Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T18:25:11.201831","indexId":"ofr95816","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-816","title":"Re-examination of rock geochemistry in the Copper Canyon area, Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95816","usgsCitation":"Kotlyar, B.B., Theodore, T.G., and Jachens, R., 1995, Re-examination of rock geochemistry in the Copper Canyon area, Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-816, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95816.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406010,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18553.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0816/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0816/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Copper Canyon area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.15,\n 40.517\n ],\n [\n -117.1179,\n 40.517\n ],\n [\n -117.117,\n 40.567\n ],\n [\n -117.15,\n 40.567\n ],\n [\n -117.15,\n 40.517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotlyar, B. B.","contributorId":74408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotlyar","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theodore, T. G.","contributorId":38122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"T.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27608,"text":"wri954098 - 1995 - Water-quality characteristics of selected public recreational lakes and ponds in Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri954098","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4098","title":"Water-quality characteristics of selected public recreational lakes and ponds in Connecticut","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance limnological and lakebed-sediment surveys were conducted in Connecticut during 1989-91 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protec- tion, to evaluate water-quality characteristics of selected public recreational lakes and ponds in the State. Limnological surveys were conducted on 49 lakes and ponds selected from a list of 105 publicly owned waterbodies that qualified for water- quality assessments under Section 314 of the Federal Clean Water Act. Lakebed-sediment surveys were conducted in 9 river impoundments and 1 riverine lake below industrial areas and 2 headwater lakes in relatively pristine areas. The limnological surveys consisted of two sampling events--during spring turnover and during the summer stratifi- cation. Each sampling event included depth profiles of water temperature, specific conductance, hydrogen-ion activity, and dissolved oxygen concen- trations; measurements of Secchi disc transparency; and the collection of samples for the analyses of alkalinity, chlorophyll, phosphorus, and nitrogen concentrations. Areal extent and population density of the dominant aquatic macrophytes were qualita- tively noted during the summer sampling event. These water-quality data were used to determine the trophic classification and acidification status of the 49 lakes. The trophic classification yielded the following results: 2 oligotrophic, 8 early mesotrophic, 13 mesotrophic, 5 late mesotrophic, 10 eutrophic, and 11 highly eutrophic lakes. In terms of acidification status, 7 lakes were classified as acid threatened and 42 as not threatened. A Wilcoxon two-tailed signed rank test was used to compare data for 13 lakes and ponds from the present survey with data from the 1973-75 or 1978-79 surveys conducted by the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. The test showed no significant difference at the 90 percent confidence level for spring nitrogen and summer chlorophyll-a concen- trations, a significant increase at the 90 percent confidence level in summer phosphorus concentra- tions, and a significant decrease at the 95 percent confidence level in summer transparency. For the lakebed-sediment surveys, composite-grab samples were collected from the deepest part of each lake. Samples were analyzed for arsenic, cyanide, organic and inorganic carbon, selected metals, and methylene-extractable, synthetic organic compounds classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as semi-volatile priority pollutants. Hanover Pond, Eagleville Lake, and West Thompson Lake had three of the four highest concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and cyanide. The four lakes with the highest concentrations of arsenic (Aspinook Pond, Fitchville Pond, Mashapaug Pond, and West Thompson Lake) are located in the eastern part of Connecticut. The three samples with the highest mercury concentrations were from Lake Lillinonah and Lake Zoar. There appears to be a positive correlation between the concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and cyanide. Only 15 of the 54 synthetic organic compounds analyzed for were detected in 9 of the 12 lakes sampled. Of these 15 compounds, 14 are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the 15th is a phthalate ester. Hanover Pond had the most compounds detected (9), and phenanthrene was the compound detected in the most lakes (8).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954098","usgsCitation":"Healy, D.F., and Kulp, K., 1995, Water-quality characteristics of selected public recreational lakes and ponds in Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4098, ix, 277 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954098.","productDescription":"ix, 277 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56474,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, D. F.","contributorId":97120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, K.P.","contributorId":49791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25841,"text":"wri954045 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Major and trace elements in water, sediment, and biota, 1978-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T22:03:56.080954","indexId":"wri954045","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4045","title":"Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Major and trace elements in water, sediment, and biota, 1978-90","docAbstract":"The distribution of 22 major and trace elements was examined in water, sediment, and biota in the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin as part of a pilot National Water-Quality Assessment project done by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1987 through 1990. The 22 elements are aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, selenium, silver, strontium, vanadium, and zinc.
Concentrations of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority pollutants among the 22 elements were elevated in the Chicago area in all three aquatic components (water, sediment, and biota). Further, some of the priority pollutants also were found at elevated concentrations in biota in agricultural areas in the basin. Cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, silver, and zinc concentrations in water exceeded USEPA acute or chronic water-quality criteria at several sites in the Chicago area. Correlations among concentrations of elements in water, sediment, and biota were found, but the correlation analysis was hindered by the large proportion of observations less than the minimum reporting level in water. Those sites where water-quality criteria were sometimes exceeded were not always the same sites where concentrations in biota were the largest. This relation indicates that accumulation of these pollutants in biota is confounded by complex geochemical and biological processes that differ throughout the upper Illinois River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954045","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Eikenberry, B., Crawford, J.K., Schmidt, A.R., and Sieverling, J.B., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Major and trace elements in water, sediment, and biota, 1978-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4045, viii, 245 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954045.","productDescription":"viii, 245 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393480,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48161.htm"},{"id":54586,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4045/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eikenberry, Barbara C. Scudder 0000-0001-8058-1201 beikenberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-1201","contributorId":172148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eikenberry","given":"Barbara C. Scudder","email":"beikenberry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, J. Kent","contributorId":54176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Arthur R.","contributorId":105709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sieverling, Jennifer B. jbsiever@usgs.gov","contributorId":4806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sieverling","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsiever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":23955,"text":"ofr95339 - 1995 - Chemical quality of bottom sediments in selected streams, Jefferson County, Kentucky, April-July 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr95339","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-339","title":"Chemical quality of bottom sediments in selected streams, Jefferson County, Kentucky, April-July 1992","docAbstract":"Bottom sediments from 25 stream sites in Jefferson County, Ky., were analyzed for percent volatile solids and concentrations of nutrients, major metals, trace elements, miscellaneous inorganic compounds, and selected organic compounds. Statistical high outliers of the constituent concentrations analyzed for in the bottom sediments were defined as a measure of possible elevated concentrations. Statistical high outliers were determined for at least 1 constituent at each of 12 sampling sites in Jefferson County. Of the 10 stream basins sampled in Jefferson County, the Middle Fork Beargrass Basin, Cedar Creek Basin, and Harrods Creek Basin were the only three basins where a statistical high outlier was not found for any of the measured constituents. In the Pennsylvania Run Basin, total volatile solids, nitrate plus nitrite, and endrin constituents were statistical high outliers. Pond Creek was the only basin where five constituents were statistical high outliers-barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and silver. Nitrate plus nitrite and copper constituents were the only statistical high outliers found in the Mill Creek Basin. In the Floyds Fork Basin, nitrate plus nitrite, phosphorus, mercury, and silver constituents were the only statistical high outliers. Ammonia was the only statistical high outlier found in the South Fork Beargrass Basin. In the Goose Creek Basin, mercury and silver constituents were the only statistical high outliers. Cyanide was the only statistical high outlier in the Muddy Fork Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95339","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Moore, B., and Evaldi, R., 1995, Chemical quality of bottom sediments in selected streams, Jefferson County, Kentucky, April-July 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-339, iv, 33 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95339.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0339/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0339/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, B.L.","contributorId":96281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evaldi, R. D.","contributorId":93909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evaldi","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":191037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}