In January and March 2018, coastal Massachusetts experienced flooding from two separate nor’easters. To put the January and March floods into historical context, the USGS computed statistical stillwater elevations. Stillwater elevations recorded in January 2018 in Boston (9.66 feet relative to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988) have an annual exceedance probability of between 2 and 1 percent (between a 50- and 100-year recurrence interval). Stillwater elevations recorded in March 2018 in Boston (9.17 feet relative to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988) have an annual exceedance probability of between 4 and 2 percent (between a 25- and 50-year recurrence interval). Flood maps show that the area inundated by the January storm is slightly more extensive than that of the March storm, reflecting the respective profiles of the two storms. On the basis of a limited dataset, the attenuation of peak water levels was estimated as a function of the hydraulic distance inland and the starting stillwater elevation computed for the flood within 0.6 foot of what was measured in the field. A simple one-dimensional model was calibrated using flood elevation data collected after the January flood, and the results of the model were validated using flood elevation data collected after the March flood to model the attenuation of the flood elevations as the storms move inland.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P.J., Olson, S.A., Sturtevant, L.P., and Kalmon, R.D., 2021, Documentation and mapping of flooding from the January and March 2018 nor’easters in coastal New England: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5109, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215109.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-125348","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390667,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RINQ4B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and shapefiles used to document the floods associated with the January and March 2018 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
White-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused dramatic declines of several cave-hibernating bat species in North America since 2006, which has increased the activity of non-susceptible species in some geographic areas or during times of night formerly occupied by susceptible species—indicative of disease-mediated competitive release (DMCR). Yet, this pattern has not been evaluated across multiple bat assemblages simultaneously or across multiple years since WNS onset. We evaluated whether WNS altered spatial and temporal niche partitioning in bat assemblages at four locations in the eastern United States using long-term datasets of bat acoustic activity collected before and after WNS arrival. Activity of WNS-susceptible bat species decreased by 79–98% from pre-WNS levels across the four study locations, but only one of our four study sites provided strong evidence supporting the DMCR hypothesis in bats post-WNS. These results suggest that DMCR is likely dependent on the relative difference in activity by susceptible and non-susceptible species groups pre-WNS and the relative decline of susceptible species post-WNS allowing for competitive release, as well as the amount of time that had elapsed post-WNS. Our findings challenge the generality of WNS-mediated competitive release between susceptible and non-susceptible species and further highlight declining activity of some non-susceptible species, especially Lasiurus borealis, across three of four locations in the eastern United States. These results underscore the broader need for conservation efforts to address the multiple potential interacting drivers of bat declines on both WNS-susceptible and non-susceptible species.
Tropical mangrove forests have been described as “coastal kidneys,” promoting sediment deposition and filtering contaminants, including excess nutrients. Coastal areas throughout the world are experiencing increased human activities, resulting in altered geomorphology, hydrology, and nutrient inputs. To effectively manage and sustain coastal mangroves, it is important to understand nitrogen (N) storage and accumulation in systems where human activities are causing rapid changes in N inputs and cycling. We examined N storage and accumulation rates in recent (1970 – 2016) and historic (1930 – 1970) decades in the context of urbanization in the San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE, Puerto Rico), using mangrove soil cores that were radiometrically dated. Local anthropogenic stressors can alter N storage rates in peri-urban mangrove systems either directly by increasing N soil fertility or indirectly by altering hydrology (e.g., dredging, filling, and canalization). Nitrogen accumulation rates were greater in recent decades than historic decades at Piñones Forest and Martin Peña East. Martin Peña East was characterized by high urbanization, and Piñones, by the least urbanization in the SJBE. The mangrove forest at Martin Peña East fringed a poorly drained canal and often received raw sewage inputs, with N accumulation rates ranging from 17.7 to 37.9 g m–2 y–1 in recent decades. The Piñones Forest was isolated and had low flushing, possibly exacerbated by river damming, with N accumulation rates ranging from 18.6 to 24.2 g m–2 y–1 in recent decades. Nearly all (96.3%) of the estuary-wide mangrove N (9.4 Mg ha–1) was stored in the soils with 7.1 Mg ha–1 sequestered during 1970–2017 (0–18 cm) and 2.3 Mg ha–1 during 1930–1970 (19–28 cm). Estuary-wide mangrove soil N accumulation rates were over twice as great in recent decades (0.18 ± 0.002 Mg ha–1y–1) than historically (0.08 ± 0.001 Mg ha–1y–1). Nitrogen accumulation rates in SJBE mangrove soils in recent times were twofold larger than the rate of human-consumed food N that is exported as wastewater (0.08 Mg ha–1 y–1), suggesting the potential for mangroves to sequester human-derived N. Conservation and effective management of mangrove forests and their surrounding watersheds in the Anthropocene are important for maintaining water quality in coastal communities throughout tropical regions.
The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) is in general decline across its North American distribution. In contrast to widespread patterns of decline, kestrel populations appear stable in the southern Great Plains region. Historically, this region had a very low occurrence of kestrels, and their current abundance is highly likely due to vegetation and structures associated with settlement by people of European descent. To determine prey use by breeding kestrels, we placed motion-activated video cameras at preexisting kestrel nest boxes located in the Southern High Plains in 2017. We recorded over 4200 prey deliveries during 1748 hr of observation at five nests over the 4-wk brood-rearing period. On basis of frequency, these deliveries were dominated by reptiles (74.8%), with invertebrates (18.2%), mammals (4.4%), birds (2.9%), and unidentified (1.2%) prey used to lesser extents. Prey delivery rates were high relative to other studies; across the brood-rearing period we recorded an average of 2.3 deliveries/hr, equating to an average of 0.49 deliveries and 3.85 g of prey/nestling/hr. Because invertebrates dominate the diet reported in most kestrel food habit studies, the volume of reptiles captured as prey was unexpected. Even more unanticipated was the number of large prey captured, including juvenile eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) and ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus, Xerospermophilus spilosoma). We suspect the proportion of vertebrate prey captured during the nesting season may explain the local high rates of nesting success and number of young fledged.
During September and October 2019, the U.S. Geological Survey mapped the shoreface and inner continental shelf offshore of the Rockaway Peninsula in New York using high-resolution chirp seismic reflection and single-beam bathymetry geophysical techniques. The results from this study are important for assessing the Quaternary evolution of the Rockaway Peninsula and determining coastal sediment availability, which is crucial for establishing sediment budgets, understanding sediment dispersal, and managing coastlines. This report presents preliminary interpretations of seismic profiles and maps of shoreface and Holocene sediment thickness from the shoreline to about 2 kilometers offshore. The results indicate that shoreface and Holocene sediment thickness demonstrates zonal variability because of underlying geology and sediment availability. Based on geomorphic features and underlying stratigraphy, the study area is separated into west, west-central, east-central, and east zones. Holocene sediment, which includes the shoreface and seafloor features with positive morphology (for example, nearshore bars, ebb-tide deltas, and sorted bedforms), thickens to the west and may be related to accommodation and westward dip of the regional unconformity. Shoreface units, which are thought to represent the active volume of littoral sediment, are thickest in the west-central peninsula where the geologic base of the shoreface is deeper. Shoreface units with moderate thickness are in the western and eastern peninsula where there are positive morphological features (for example, deposits accumulating updrift from the jetty, ebb-tide deltas, and so on). The thinnest shorefaces are in the east-central Rockaway Peninsula because of less accommodation caused by the shoaling regional unconformity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","usgsCitation":"Wei, E.A., Miselis, J.L., and Forde, A.S., 2021, Shoreface and Holocene sediment thickness offshore of Rockaway Peninsula, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1100, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211100.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-125818","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391426,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211100/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":391345,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1100/images/"},{"id":391343,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZO8QKJ","linkHelpText":"Archive of chirp subbottom profile data collected in 2019 from Rockaway Peninsula, New York"},{"id":391346,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1100/ofr20211100.XML"},{"id":391344,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WNJSFN","linkHelpText":"Coastal bathymetry and backscatter data collected in September and October 2019 from Rockaway Peninsula, New York"},{"id":391342,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1100/ofr20211100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1100"},{"id":391341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1100/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Rockaway Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.76152038574219,\n 40.57067539946112\n ],\n [\n -73.74229431152344,\n 40.593620934177494\n ],\n [\n -73.76083374023438,\n 40.59414233212419\n ],\n [\n -73.82469177246094,\n 40.58527801407785\n ],\n [\n -73.8885498046875,\n 40.563372896916164\n ],\n [\n -73.92974853515625,\n 40.549287249082035\n ],\n [\n -73.94622802734375,\n 40.53937335015618\n ],\n [\n -73.9441680908203,\n 40.529979881843865\n ],\n [\n -73.92974853515625,\n 40.526326510744006\n ],\n [\n -73.883056640625,\n 40.53311118427234\n ],\n [\n -73.83018493652344,\n 40.54772199417569\n ],\n [\n -73.77388000488281,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -73.76152038574219,\n 40.57067539946112\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
The Mojave Desert region is in a critical position for assessing models of Laramide orogenesis, which is hypothesized to have initiated as one or more seamounts subducted beneath the Cretaceous continental margin. Geochronological and geochemical characteristics of Late Cretaceous magmatic products provide the opportunity to test the validity of Laramide orogenic models. Laramide-aged plutons are exposed along a transect across the Cordilleran Mesozoic magmatic system from Joshua Tree National Park in the Eastern Transverse Ranges eastward into the central Mojave Desert. A transect at latitude ∼33.5°N to 34.5°N includes: (1) the large upper-crustal Late Cretaceous Cadiz Valley batholith, (2) a thick section of Proterozoic to Jurassic host rocks, (3) Late Cretaceous stock to pluton-sized bodies at mesozonal depths, and (4) a Jurassic to Late Cretaceous midcrustal sheeted complex emplaced at ∼20 km depth that transitions into a migmatite complex truncated along the San Andreas fault. This magmatic section is structurally correlative with the Big Bear Lake intrusive suite in the San Bernardino Mountains and similar sheeted rocks recovered in the Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole.
Zircon U-Pb geochronology of 12 samples via secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) (six from the Cadiz Valley batholith and six from the Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole) indicates that all Cretaceous igneous units investigated were intruded between 83 and 74 Ma, and Cajon Pass samples include a Jurassic age component. A compilation of new and published SIMS geochronological data demonstrates that voluminous magmatism in the Eastern Transverse Ranges and central Mojave Desert was continuous throughout the period suggested for the intersection and flat-slab subduction of the Shatsky Rise conjugate deep into the interior of western North America.
Whole-rock major-element, trace-element, and isotope geochemistry data from samples from a suite of 106 igneous rocks represent the breadth of Late Cretaceous units in the transect. Geochemistry indicates an origin in a subduction environment and intrusion into a crust thick enough to generate residual garnet. The lack of significant deflections of compositional characteristics and isotopic ratios in igneous products through space and time argues against a delamination event prior to 74 Ma.
We argue that Late Cretaceous plutonism from the Eastern Transverse Ranges to the central Mojave Desert represents subduction zone arc magmatism that persisted until ca. 74 Ma. This interpretation is inconsistent with the proposed timing of the docking of the Shatsky Rise conjugate with the margin of western North America, particularly models in which the leading edge of the Shatsky Rise was beneath Wyoming at 74 Ma. Alternatively, the timing of cessation of plutonism precedes the timing of the passage of the Hess Rise conjugate beneath western North America at ca. 70–65 Ma. The presence, geochemical composition, and age of arc products in the Eastern Transverse Ranges and central Mojave Desert region must be accounted for in any tectonic model of the transition from Sevier to Laramide orogenesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02225.1","usgsCitation":"Economos, R., Barth, A.P., Wooden, J., Paterson, S.R., Friesenhahn, B., Weigand, B., Anderson, J., Roell, J., Palmer, E., Ianno, A., and Howard, K.A., 2021, Testing models of Laramide orogenic initiation by investigation of Late Cretaceous magmatic-tectonic evolution of the central Mojave sector of the California arc: Geosphere, v. 17, no. 6, p. 2042-2061, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02225.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2042","endPage":"2061","ipdsId":"IP-114848","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02225.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":392846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 32.98102014898148\n ],\n [\n -114.5599365234375,\n 32.98102014898148\n ],\n [\n -114.5599365234375,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -118.597412109375,\n 32.98102014898148\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Economos, R.C","contributorId":270083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Economos","given":"R.C","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Andrew P.","contributorId":214136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38983,"text":"Indiana University - Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J.L.","contributorId":192664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paterson, S. R","contributorId":270084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paterson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Friesenhahn, Brody","contributorId":270085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesenhahn","given":"Brody","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weigand, B.A","contributorId":270086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weigand","given":"B.A","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56075,"text":"University of Göttingen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, J.L.","contributorId":270087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roell, J.L.","contributorId":270088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56076,"text":"Indiana/Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Palmer, E.F.","contributorId":270089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56076,"text":"Indiana/Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ianno, A.J.","contributorId":270090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ianno","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[{"id":39566,"text":"Juniata College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70227100,"text":"70227100 - 2021 - Monitoring and modeling tree bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) occurrence using acoustics on structures off the mid-Atlantic coast—Implications for offshore wind development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T14:27:45.567844","indexId":"70227100","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-04T08:17:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5762,"text":"Animals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring and modeling tree bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) occurrence using acoustics on structures off the mid-Atlantic coast—Implications for offshore wind development","docAbstract":"The wildland-urban interface (WUI), where housing is in close proximity to or intermingled with wildland vegetation, is widespread throughout the United States, but it is unclear how this type of housing development affects public lands. We used a national dataset to examine WUI distribution and growth (1990–2010) in proximity to National Forests and created a typology to characterize each National Forest’s combination of WUI area and housing growth. We found that National Forests are hotspots for WUI growth, with a 38% increase in WUI area and 46% growth in WUI houses from 1990 to 2010, in excess of WUI growth for the conterminous U.S. Growth within National Forests was higher than the surrounding area. Diffuse intermix WUI, where houses are intermingled with wildland vegetation, is common within National Forests, but WUI houses around National Forests were primarily in denser interface WUI areas, which lack substantial wildland vegetation. WUI was more prevalent within and around National Forests in the East, while National Forests in the West experienced higher rates of WUI growth. National Forests with the most challenging WUI issues—extensive WUI area and rapid growth in intermix and interface—were found primarily in the South and interior West. Given the diversity of WUI landscapes, effectively responding to current and future WUI challenges will require both engagement with individual homeowners dispersed throughout National Forests, as well as increased emphasis on mitigating denser interface development around National Forests. At a time when wildfire risks are expected to intensify due to climate change, and 75% of privately owned land within and around National Forests is not yet WUI, understanding WUI growth patterns in proximity to public lands is vital for land management and human well-being.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104283","usgsCitation":"Mockrin, M.H., Helmers, D., Martinuzzi, S., Hawbaker, T., and Radeloff, V.C., 2021, Growth of the wildland-urban interface within and around U.S. National Forests and Grasslands, 1990-2010: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 218, 104283, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104283.","productDescription":"104283, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121616","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n 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Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinuzzi, Sebastian","contributorId":268298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinuzzi","given":"Sebastian","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radeloff, Volker C.","contributorId":141124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"Volker","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13679,"text":"SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70225674,"text":"70225674 - 2021 - Potential effects of climate change on tick-borne diseases in Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T14:40:27.923932","indexId":"70225674","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T08:13:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3295,"text":"Rhode Island Medical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on tick-borne diseases in Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Human cases of tick-borne diseases have been increasing in the United States. In particular, the incidence of Lyme disease, the major vector-borne disease in Rhode Island, has risen, along with cases of babesiosis and anaplasmosis, all vectored by the blacklegged tick. These increases might relate, in part, to climate change, although other environmental changes in the northeast (land use as it relates to habitat; vertebrate host populations for tick reproduction and enzootic cycling) also contribute. Lone star ticks, formerly southern in distribution, have been spreading northward, including expanded distributions in Rhode Island. Illnesses associated with this species include ehrlichiosis and alpha-gal syndrome, which are expected to increase. Ranges of other tick species have also been expanding in southern New England, including the Gulf Coast tick and the introduced Asian longhorned tick. These ticks can carry human pathogens, but the implications for human disease in Rhode Island are unclear.","language":"English","publisher":"Rhode Island Medical Society","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H., Couret, J., Garrett, J., Mather, T.N., and LeBrun, R.A., 2021, Potential effects of climate change on tick-borne diseases in Rhode Island: Rhode Island Medical Journal, v. 104, no. 9, p. 29-33.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-131427","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391253,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2021-11.asp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode 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Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mather, Thomas N.","contributorId":178310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mather","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeBrun, Roger A.","contributorId":70907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeBrun","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70229480,"text":"70229480 - 2021 - Northern bobwhite occupancy patterns on multiple spatial scales across Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-09T15:02:05.293524","indexId":"70229480","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-28T08:59:11","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern bobwhite occupancy patterns on multiple spatial scales across Arkansas","docAbstract":"Northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus populations have been rapidly declining in the eastern, central, and southern United States for decades. Land use change and an incompatibility between northern bobwhite resource needs and human land use practices have driven declines. Here, we applied occupancy analyses on two spatial scales (state level and ecoregion level) to more than 5,000 northern bobwhite surveys conducted over 6 y across the entire state of Arkansas to explore patterns in occupancy and land use variables, and to identify priority areas for management and conservation. At the state level, northern bobwhite occupied 29% of sites and northern bobwhite were most likely to occur in areas with a high percentage of early successional habitat (grassland, pasture, and shrubland). The statewide model predicted that northern bobwhite were likely to occur (≥ 75% predicted occupancy) in < 20% of the state. Arkansas is comprised of five distinct ecoregions, and analyses at the ecoregion spatial scale showed that habitat associations of northern bobwhite could vary between ecoregions. For example, early successional habitat best predicted northern bobwhite occupancy in both the Arkansas River Valley and Ozark Mountains ecoregions, and other habitat associations such as the proportion of herbaceous habitat and hay-pasture habitat, respectively, further refined predictions. Contrastingly, richness of land cover classes alone best predicted northern bobwhite occupancy in the Ouachita Mountains ecoregion. Ecoregion-level models were thus more discerning than the state-level model and should be more helpful to managers in identifying priority conservation areas. However, in two of five ecoregions, surveys too rarely encountered northern bobwhite to accurately predict their occurrence. We found that likely occupied northern bobwhite habitat lay primarily on private properties (95%), but that numerous public entities own and manage land identified as suitable or likely occupied. We conclude that management of northern bobwhite in Arkansas could benefit from cooperation among state, federal, and military partners, as well as surrounding private landowners and that ecoregion-specific models may be more useful in identifying priority areas for management. Our approach incorporates multiple landscape scales when using remote sensing technology in conjunction with monitoring data and could have important application for the management of northern bobwhite and other grassland bird species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-21-002","usgsCitation":"Lassiter, E.V., Asher, M., Christie, G., Gale, C., Massey, A., Massery, C., MIddaugh, C., Veon, J., and DeGregorio, B.A., 2021, Northern bobwhite occupancy patterns on multiple spatial scales across Arkansas: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 502-512, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-21-002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"502","endPage":"512","ipdsId":"IP-125981","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-21-002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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R.","contributorId":288241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MIddaugh","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":37007,"text":"Arkansas Game and Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Veon, J.","contributorId":288245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veon","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeGregorio, Brett Alexander 0000-0002-5273-049X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-049X","contributorId":243214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGregorio","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70225582,"text":"sir20215020 - 2021 - Geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of the White River Formation, Lance Formation, and Fox Hills Sandstone, northern greater Denver Basin, southeastern Laramie County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T19:45:30.631881","indexId":"sir20215020","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-27T10:00:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5020","displayTitle":"Geologic and Hydrogeologic Characteristics of the White River Formation, Lance Formation, and Fox Hills Sandstone, Northern Greater Denver Basin, Southeastern Laramie County, Wyoming","title":"Geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of the White River Formation, Lance Formation, and Fox Hills Sandstone, northern greater Denver Basin, southeastern Laramie County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"In cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer’s Office, the U.S. Geological Survey studied the geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of Cenozoic and Upper Cretaceous strata at a location in southeastern Laramie County within the Wyoming part of the Cheyenne Basin, the northern subbasin of the greater Denver Basin. The study aimed to improve understanding of the aquifers/aquifer systems in these strata, motivated in part by declining groundwater levels and interest in exploring future groundwater supplies. Based on detailed geologic characterization using information obtained by drilling and coring a 960-foot-(ft) deep exploratory borehole, and comparisons with previously published descriptions, identified Cenozoic lithostratigraphic units included 40 ft of Quaternary older alluvial fan deposits consisting of an unconsolidated mixture of sand and gravel with lesser quantities of silt and clay in varying proportions and the underlying 407.3-ft-thick White River Formation of late Eocene-Oligocene age consisting largely of mudrocks with sparse thin beds of sandstone, muddy gravel, and conglomeratic mudrocks. Identified Upper Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units included the 351.6-ft-thick Lance Formation, consisting of terrestrial sedimentary rocks including mudrocks (muddy shale and silty and sandy shale, siltstone, claystone, and mudstone) interbedded with much smaller quantities of very fine- to medium-grained muddy and silty sandstone and coal; the 79.6-ft-thick Fox Hills Sandstone, consisting of a transitional marine sequence of muddy or silty sandstone present in five individual beds; and 86.7 ft of the upper transition member of the Pierre Shale, consisting largely of marine sedimentary rocks such as muddy shale. Beds of the upper and lower Fox Hills Sandstone were separated by tongues of the Lance Formation and upper transition member of the Pierre Shale, respectively.
The White River hydrogeologic unit, consisting of the entire White River Formation or Group at the study site, did not contain any substantial secondary permeability features in the mudrocks that composed almost all the unit. A monitoring well (BR–1) was completed in the White River aquifer with the well screen open to the only coarse-grained unit (muddy sandstone) that had sufficient thickness and permeability to be considered as an aquifer. Sampling of the well for a broad suite of constituents indicated groundwater generally was of excellent quality except dissolved arsenic was detected at a concentration greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Maximum Contaminant Level, and dissolved sodium was measured at a concentration greater than several EPA Drinking Water Advisory Levels (DWAs) for the constituent. Well development, well purging for groundwater sampling, and calculated aquifer properties indicated the sandstone aquifer screened by monitoring well BR–1 was not very productive. Analysis of the well water-level responses in BR–1 to atmospheric loading and Earth tides indicated the responses were consistent with a confined-aquifer response with wellbore-storage effects. Hydraulic properties estimated based on these responses yielded values of hydraulic conductivity (K, 0.057 foot per day [ft/d]), specific storage (Ss, 1.6×10−6 per foot [ft−1]) and porosity (n, 0.43). Water levels filtered to remove the effects of atmospheric loading and Earth tides indicated an upward trend (+1.13 foot per year [ft/yr]) during the period analyzed, September 5, 2014, to September 30, 2017.
Lithologic characteristics of the Lance hydrogeologic unit, consisting of the entire Lance Formation at the study site, indicated a potential aquifer in a “sandy” interval in the upper part of the unit. Most of the Lance hydrogeologic unit below the “sandy” interval consisted of various low-permeability lithologies unlikely to yield substantial quantities of water. This lower part of the hydrogeologic unit likely functions as a confining unit separating the underlying Lance-Fox Hills aquifer. A geologic cross section constructed for this study indicated fine-grained sediments composed most of the Lance Formation/hydrogeologic unit not only at the study location, but also throughout southern Laramie County along the line of section and throughout the Wyoming and Colorado parts of the Cheyenne Basin. A monitoring well (LN–1) completed in a sandstone bed in the “sandy” interval of the Lance hydrogeologic unit produced a mean of about 23 gallons per minute (gal/min) during well development, indicating sandstone beds can form moderately productive confined subaquifers in this part of the hydrogeologic unit. Analysis of the well water-level responses in well LN–1 to atmospheric loading and Earth tides indicated the responses were consistent with a confined-aquifer response. Hydraulic properties estimated based on these responses yielded values for a lower bounding K of 0.60 ft/d, Ss of 1.6×10−6 ft−1, and n of 0.38. Water levels filtered to remove the effects of atmospheric loading and Earth tides indicated a downward trend (−0.86 ft/yr) during the period analyzed (November 8, 2014, to September 30, 2017). Analyses for a broad suite of constituents in samples from well LN–1 indicated groundwater quality generally was excellent, although dissolved sodium was measured at a concentration greater than two EPA DWA levels for the constituent.
Because of the absence of any overlying or intertonguing sandstone beds belonging to the lower/basal part of the Lance Formation, the Lance-Fox Hills aquifer at the study site consisted only of the five sandstone beds of the Fox Hills Sandstone. The cross section constructed for this study illustrated how the Fox Hills Sandstone, and thus, most of the Lance-Fox Hills aquifer, consists of a series of sandstone bodies that overlap (shingle) upward to the east across southern Laramie County. These bodies collectively form a fairly continuous body of sandstone, thus potentially forming an areally extensive aquifer across southern Laramie County, and by extension, throughout most of the formation’s extent in the Wyoming part of the Cheyenne Basin, as is the case in the Colorado part of the basin. A monitoring well (FH–1) completed in part of the thickest sandstone bed of the Lance-Fox Hills aquifer was moderately to highly productive and easily produced 25 to 30 gal/min after development. Substantially larger water production rates likely could be obtained by penetrating the full thickness of this bed and by completing a well open to the other overlying and underlying sandstone beds of the aquifer. Analysis of the water-level responses in well FH–1 to atmospheric loading and Earth tides indicated the responses were consistent with a confined-aquifer response. Hydraulic properties computed based on these responses yielded values for a lower bounding estimate for K of 0.26 ft/d, for Ss of 1.0×10−6 ft−1, and for n of 0.41. Water levels filtered to remove the effects of atmospheric loading and Earth tides indicated a downward trend (−1.74 ft/yr) during the period analyzed, December 19, 2014, to September 30, 2017. Sampling of monitoring well FH–1 and two production wells completed in the Fox Hills Sandstone in other parts of Laramie County indicated groundwater quality generally is excellent, although pH exceeded a recommended EPA aesthetic drinking-water standard (Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level) in two of three sampled wells, total dissolved solids concentrations exceeded the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level in one of the two sampled production wells, and dissolved sodium was measured in all three sampled wells at a concentration greater than two EPA DWA levels for the constituent. The Wyoming Class II agricultural (irrigation) sodium adsorption ratio standard of 8 was exceeded in all three sampled wells, indicating these waters are not suitable for irrigation use.
Computed vertical hydraulic gradients indicated a strong potential for downward flow throughout the groundwater system at the study site, including from the low-yielding aquifer in the upper White River Formation/hydrogeologic unit (monitoring well BR–1) to the sandstone subaquifer in the Lance Formation/hydrogeologic unit (monitoring well LN–1), and from the Lance subaquifer (monitoring well LN–1) to the sandstone bed/aquifer that composes much of the Lance-Fox Hills aquifer thickness at the study site (monitoring well FH–1). However, large hydraulic-head differences between wells indicated high resistance to vertical flow attributable to the low vertical hydraulic conductivity of intervening strata, which consisted almost entirely of low-permeability mudrocks. The confined nature of the sandstone aquifers monitored by the various wells coupled with dissimilarities between groundwater-level fluctuations and trends in groundwater levels indicated downward flow through the intervening strata (primarily mudrocks in the various lithostratigraphic/hydrogeologic units) between the examined sets of wells likely was small.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer’s Office","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T.T., Galloway, D.L., Hallberg, L.L., Dechesne, M., Diehl, S.F., and Davidson, S.L., 2021, Geologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of the White River Formation, Lance Formation, and Fox Hills Sandstone, northern greater Denver Basin, southeastern Laramie County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5020, 219 p., 1 pl., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215020.","productDescription":"Report: xvii, 219 p.; Appendix Table; Plate: 42.00 x 63.00 inches; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"242","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110049","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390939,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"— USGS groundwater data for Wyoming, in USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":390938,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PPLA74","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Atmospheric-loading frequency response functions and groundwater levels filtered for the effects of atmospheric loading and solid Earth tides for three USGS monitoring wells, southeastern Laramie County, Wyoming, 2014–2017"},{"id":390936,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5020/sir20215020_plate.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"2.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5020 Plate","linkHelpText":"— Construction of monitoring wells BR–1, LN–1, and FH–1, and geophysical logs, generalized lithology, and interpreted lithostratigraphy for exploratory borehole LC–F1, southeastern Laramie County, Wyoming"},{"id":390937,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5020/sir20215020_table1.1.pdf","text":"Table 1.1","size":"500 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5020 Appendix Table","linkHelpText":"— Description of core collected from exploratory borehole LC–F1, southeastern Laramie County, Wyoming"},{"id":390934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390935,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5020/sir20215020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5020"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Laramie County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.6506,41.651],[-104.6491,41.5656],[-104.0521,41.5654],[-104.052,41.3949],[-104.0526,41.0236],[-104.0528,41.0017],[-104.1399,41.0019],[-104.4725,41.0027],[-104.4875,41.0027],[-104.5606,41.0028],[-104.5679,41.0028],[-104.6087,41.0046],[-104.6134,41.0048],[-104.6337,41.0056],[-104.6648,41.0047],[-104.6837,41.0041],[-104.7013,41.0035],[-104.83,40.9996],[-104.8341,40.9996],[-104.9385,40.9995],[-104.9425,40.9995],[-105.1109,40.9993],[-105.2763,40.9998],[-105.2774,41.6567],[-105.1706,41.6535],[-105.0575,41.6537],[-104.9419,41.6537],[-104.6506,41.651]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Laramie\",\"state\":\"WY\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
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3162 Bozeman Avenue
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Identifying mechanisms that underpin animal migration patterns and examining variability in space use within populations is crucial for understanding population dynamics and management implications. In this study, we quantified the migration rates, seasonal changes in migratory connectivity, and residency across population demographics (age and sex) to understand the proximate cues of migration timing in American horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus). Juvenile (n = 25) and adult (n = 70) horseshoe crabs were tracked with acoustic telemetry techniques for a 3-yr period in Moriches Bay, NY. Connectivity metrics and residency probability were quantified through spatial network analysis and empirically derived Markov Chain models (EDMC), respectively. The migratory probability of adult horseshoe crabs between Moriches Bay and the Atlantic Ocean was estimated to be 41.0% (95% CI: 34.0–59.8); in contrast, only 8% (95% CI: 1.2–31.6) of juveniles migrated into the ocean. Migration timing was influenced by the interaction of photoperiod and temperature, revealing seasonal differences in migration timing and a 50% narrower range of photoperiod and temperature over which fall migrations occurred compared to spring. Sex-specific differences in space use and connectivity within each season were largely absent; however, centralized habitats were important for maintaining connectivity across all seasons. EDMC results revealed that when standardized to the number of horseshoe crab detections on each receiver, the centrally located habitats in Moriches Bay and Inlet accounted for >50% of the total relative residency probability within most seasons, indicating these areas may be preferred by adult horseshoe crabs. Ontogenetic differences in maximum spatial extent, space use, and connectivity were observed in the bay, as juveniles exhibited lower linkages between locations (n = 4) relative to adults (n = 13) during the same temporal period. Our work highlights the application of novel quantitative approaches for addressing the movement dynamics of horseshoe crabs that can be readily applied to other taxa in the context of wildlife conservation.
Mineralogical and geochemical studies of interbedded black and gray mudstones in the Triassic part of the Triassic-Jurassic Otuk Formation (northern Alaska) document locally abundant barite and pyrite plus diverse redox signatures. These strata, deposited in an outer shelf setting at paleolatitudes of ~45 to 60°N, show widespread sedimentological evidence for bioturbation. Barite occurs preferentially in black mudstones (TOC = 0.93–6.46 wt%), forming displacive euhedral crystals with pyrite inclusions and rims, and late albite inclusions or intergrowths. Pyrite also occurs as small (3–20 μm) framboids, discontinuous laminae, euhedral and anhedral crystals, and replacements of barite and fossils (mainly radiolarians). Paragenetically early wurtzite is present as clusters of very small (1–3 μm) aggregates of radiating crystals 0.5 to 1.0 μm long with cores of organic matter that overgrow framboidal pyrite; later wurtzite forms 10- to 30-μm bladed crystals. Equant grains (3–30 μm) and small (20 μm) angular clusters of zinc sulfide that include <1-μm-long, comb-like structures are sphalerite or wurtzite, or both. Minor siderite forms euhedral crystals intergrown with albite that enclose wurtzite and barite. Illite shows intergrowths with sphalerite; rare K-feldspar is intergrown with barite. Formation of these minerals and assemblages is attributed to early diagenetic processes.
Whole-rock geochemical data for 15 samples show large ranges in redox proxies including Post Archean Average Shale (PAAS)-normalized enrichment factors (EFs) for V, U, Mo, and Re, and Al-normalized ratios for V, U, and Mo. Results for most black mudstones, with or without abundant barite and/or pyrite, suggest deposition within an oxygen minimum zone. Cerium anomalies, PAAS-normalized and calculated on a detrital-free basis, range widely from 0.49 to 0.96 and may reflect diagenetic overprinting by Ce-depleted fluids. Considering data for both black and gray mudstones, the overall geochemical pattern together with evidence from pyrite framboid sizes suggest that redox conditions fluctuated greatly from euxinic to oxic, like the redox profiles reported for modern shelf sediments offshore Peru and Namibia. The euxinic redox signatures in some Otuk black mudstones may correlate with widespread Early to Middle Triassic ocean anoxic events proposed for other regions.
Calculations of median EFs for trace elements in Otuk black mudstones reveal both enrichments and depletions. Normalizations to the median composition of the three least-mineralized black mudstones show that barite- and/or pyrite-rich samples display large (>50%) positive changes for Li (+80.4%), V (+75.6%), Sr (+75.9%), Ba (+790%), Cu (+92.1%), Ni (+169%), Ag (+156%), Au (+3091%), As (+109%), Sb (+476%), and Se (+205%); Zn shows a moderate positive change of +42.1%. Moderate negative changes are evident only for Ge (−47.2%) and W (−30.6%). The local enrichments may reflect one or more factors including redox variations in bottom waters and pore fluids, element mobility during diagenesis, and selective fractionation into minerals such as barite, pyrite, and wurtzite. Anomalously low U/Al and UEF values, compared to those for other modern and ancient organic-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks, are attributed to increased solubility and loss of U during bioturbation-related oxygenation in the subsurface.
Physicochemical constraints on barite, pyrite, and wurtzite formation are informed by use of a pH-fO2 plot constructed at 10 °C. Based on paragenetic evidence for multistage deposition of these three minerals, together with the presence of illite intergrown with ZnS and K-feldspar with barite, proposed diagenetic trends involve an increase in pH and fO2 related to the ingress of sulfate-rich pore fluids during bioturbation, followed by a return to lower then higher pH and fO2 conditions linked to carbon, sulfur, barium, and iron cycling during diagenesis. Labile Ba of marine pelagic origin was mobilized from organic-rich sediment upward to the sulfate-methane transition zone where barite precipitated during the interaction of reduced Ba- and CH4-rich fluids with sulfate-bearing pore fluids. The formation of paragenetically early wurtzite (ZnS) crystals, as well as locally high EF values for Cu, Ni, Ag, and Au, is attributed to metal enrichment of pore fluids, with sources being derived in part from water-column deposition from hydrothermal plumes related to coeval Triassic seafloor vent systems including a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in British Columbia and the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province in Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120568","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., McAleer, R.J., Shanks, W., and Dumoulin, J.A., 2021, Diagenetic barite-pyrite-wurtzite formation and redox signatures in Triassic mudstone, Brooks Range, northern Alaska: Chemical Geology, v. 585, 120568, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120568.","productDescription":"120568, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130237","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.604267717169,\n 71.70733094087223\n ],\n [\n -168.604267717169,\n 67.12370451837805\n ],\n [\n -140.49132965188403,\n 67.12370451837805\n ],\n [\n -140.49132965188403,\n 71.70733094087223\n ],\n [\n -168.604267717169,\n 71.70733094087223\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"585","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne (Pat)","contributorId":240838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne (Pat)","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70225547,"text":"sir20215096 - 2021 - Effects of culvert construction on streams and macroinvertebrate communities at selected sites in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, 2010–19","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-23T20:08:40.929938","indexId":"sir20215096","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-25T20:04:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5096","displayTitle":"Effects of Culvert Construction on Streams and Macroinvertebrate Communities at Selected Sites in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, 2010–19","title":"Effects of culvert construction on streams and macroinvertebrate communities at selected sites in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, 2010–19","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Transportation, evaluated the role of culvert construction in altering streams and habitats of benthic macroinvertebrate communities at selected study sites in the northern East Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama during 2011–19. Analysis included examinations of changes in stream channel geometry, suspended sediment, turbidity, and benthic macroinvertebrate communities.
Topographic surveys of stream channel cross sections, upstream and downstream of the culvert, were conducted before and after construction. Changes in channel geometry (cross-sectional area, top width, mean depth, and thalweg slope) were assessed by using paired sample t-tests to compare before- and after-construction channel geometry measurements. Statistically significant changes in stream channel geometry between the before- and after-construction measurements were observed at four of the six study sites. Analysis of the channel geometry data indicates that 1 site had no measured changes, and thalweg reach slopes were inverted at 4 of the 12 study reaches—2 measured in before-construction reaches and 2 measured in after-construction reaches.
Surface-water samples were collected during selected storm events for suspended sediment and turbidity analyses. Samples were simultaneously collected upstream and downstream of the culvert construction reaches during all three phases of construction (before, during, and after). Analysis focused on the parity of upstream to downstream simultaneous samples. The mean upstream to downstream paired ratios of sediment concentrations and turbidity from the after-construction phase indicate that colloidal and noncolloidal sediments were passing through the construction reaches at two of the six sites, noncolloidal sediments were being trapped in the construction reaches at two sites, and colloidal and noncolloidal sediments were being removed from the construction reach at two sites.
Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected and identified at five of the six sites from instream habitats that were available in sampled areas both upstream and downstream of the culvert construction reaches. Differences between upstream and downstream reaches and the Wilcoxon rank sum statistic were used to examine changes in metrics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities between before- and after-construction phases. Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling results did not indicate that culvert construction caused impairment to communities at study sites. No tolerance metrics suggested a major change in the pollution tolerance of the communities. The same upstream to downstream patterns in abundance-weighted tolerance values were observed in the before- and after-construction periods at each site. At one site, the difference between upstream and downstream richness-based tolerance values increased, but the after-construction upstream and downstream richness-based tolerance values were lower (indicating a less pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrate community) than in the before-construction period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A.L., and Gill, A.C., 2021, Effects of culvert construction on streams and macroinvertebrate communities at selected sites in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, 2010–19: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5096, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215096.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 52 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097029","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390797,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P906BOVO","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Aerial imagery, benthic macroinvertebrate, topographic survey, and soil survey datasets collected for a study of effects of culverts on the natural conditions of streams in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, 2010–2019"},{"id":390796,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5096/sir20215096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5096"},{"id":390795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5096/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390798,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"East Gulf Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.08837890625,\n 34.69646117272349\n ],\n [\n -88.165283203125,\n 34.69646117272349\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 31.98012335736804\n ],\n [\n -88.363037109375,\n 30.315987718557867\n ],\n [\n -88.121337890625,\n 30.268556249047727\n ],\n [\n -87.747802734375,\n 30.173624550358536\n ],\n [\n -87.418212890625,\n 30.35391637229704\n ],\n [\n -87.264404296875,\n 30.477082932837682\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.581179257386985\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 30.741835717889792\n ],\n [\n -87.593994140625,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 31.005862904624205\n ],\n [\n -84.979248046875,\n 30.996445897426373\n ],\n [\n -85.067138671875,\n 31.175209828310845\n ],\n [\n -85.045166015625,\n 31.306715155075167\n ],\n [\n -85.067138671875,\n 31.456782472114313\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 31.71882222408327\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 31.970803930433096\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 32.25926542645933\n ],\n [\n -84.9462890625,\n 32.35212281198644\n ],\n [\n -85.045166015625,\n 32.46342595776104\n ],\n [\n -85.23193359375,\n 32.48196313217176\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 32.57459172113418\n ],\n [\n -86.693115234375,\n 32.648625783736726\n ],\n [\n -87.132568359375,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 32.85190345738802\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 33.109948297894285\n ],\n [\n -87.82470703125,\n 33.53223722395908\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 34.10725639663118\n ],\n [\n -87.95654296875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -88.08837890625,\n 34.69646117272349\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
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640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
The HayWired earthquake scenario, led by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), anticipates the impacts of a hypothetical moment magnitude 7.0 earthquake on the Hayward Fault. The fault runs along the east side of California’s San Francisco Bay and is among the most active and dangerous in the United States, passing through a densely urbanized and interconnected region. A scientifically realistic scenario is one way to learn from a large earthquake before one occurs in the bay region. The USGS and its partners in the HayWired Coalition are working to energize residents and businesses to engage in new and ongoing efforts to prepare the region for such a future earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20213054","usgsCitation":"Wein, A.M., Jones, J.L., Johnson, L.A., Kroll, C., Strauss, J., Witkowski, D., Cox, D.A., 2021, The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Societal Consequences: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021–3054, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213054.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-132490","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390874,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183016","text":"Fact Sheet 2018-3016","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—We Can Outsmart Disaster"},{"id":390873,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175013V3","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5013 Volume 3","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Societal Consequences"},{"id":390872,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175013v2","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5013 Volume 2","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Engineering Implications"},{"id":390871,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175013v1","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5013 Volume 1","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario—Earthquake Hazards"},{"id":390870,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3054/fs20213054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3054/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":395080,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://geonarrative.usgs.gov/liquefactionandsealevelrise/","text":"Liquefaction and Sea-Level Rise","linkHelpText":"– A USGS storymap presenting the impacts of sea-level rise on liquefaction severity around the San Francisco Bay Area, California for the M7.0 ‘HayWired’ earthquake scenario along the Hayward Fault"},{"id":392899,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175013","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5013","linkHelpText":"– The HayWired Earthquake Scenario"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -121.26708984374999,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -121.26708984374999,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 37.24782120155428\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Alluvial aquifers in Iowa have more wells with nitrate exceeding drinking-water standards than other aquifers; are susceptible to contamination by organic contaminants; and have high concentrations of naturally occurring iron and manganese in depositional areas that contain abundant organic matter. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, studied the Cedar River alluvial aquifer in Linn County, Iowa, from 1990 to 2019 to understand the effect of municipal pumping on spatial and temporal hydrologic and water-quality variability. The Cedar River alluvial aquifer is the source of water for the city of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Withdrawal of large quantities of water for municipal and industrial supply has altered the normal flow of water in the alluvial aquifer. Pumping induces flow from the Cedar River and the underlying bedrock aquifer into the alluvial aquifer.
Water quality in the alluvial aquifer varies along the Cedar River. Changes in nitrate, ammonia, manganese, and iron in the alluvial aquifer are seen as the upstream free-flowing reach of the Cedar River transitions to a partially regulated downstream reach, likely because of differences in reduction-oxidation conditions in the aquifer, which are controlled by infiltration from the Cedar River under normal conditions and when wells are being pumped. Nitrate, normally found in oxygenated environments, had the highest concentrations in the most upstream wells in the Seminole well field and the lowest concentrations in the most downstream wells in the East well field. In contrast, ammonia, manganese, and iron, normally found in greatest abundance in anoxic (reducing) conditions, had the greatest concentrations in the most downstream wells. Additionally, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentrations in wells were substantially less and manganese concentrations were greater in production wells near backwater wetlands in contrast to wells near the Cedar River.
Temporal variability in water quality in the alluvial aquifer was driven by pumping that increased flow from the Cedar River into the alluvial aquifer and ultimately led to changes in reduction-oxidation conditions of the aquifer. Increasing dissolved nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentrations in the Cedar River from 1990 to 2019 were mirrored in the alluvial aquifer. Anoxic conditions are prevalent in the alluvial aquifer next to the Cedar River when the aquifer is not under pumping stress. However, production well pumping caused induced infiltration of oxygenated river water into the aquifer resulting in increased dissolved nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentrations and pesticides and decreased naturally occurring dissolved iron and manganese.
Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer from 1990 to 2019 provide baseline conditions needed to evaluate the effects of current and future nutrient reduction efforts and land-use changes in the Cedar River Basin on water quality of the Cedar River alluvial aquifer and its source water, the Cedar River. This summary and analysis provide information that can assist the City of Cedar Rapids Utilities Water Department in managing groundwater resources, and provides information that could be used develop a groundwater-quality model to characterize variability over larger areas of the alluvial aquifer, allowing water providers to plan for future water needs of their users.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215110","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 2021, Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Cedar River alluvial aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990–2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5110, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215110.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 61 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-121189","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5110/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390748,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5110/sir20215110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5110"},{"id":390749,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z7VKOU","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Hydrologic and water quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar River alluvial aquifer, Linn County, Iowa, 1990–2019"},{"id":390750,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Linn County","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River Alluvial Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.3649,42.2964],[-91.3651,42.2082],[-91.3653,42.1215],[-91.3661,42.0343],[-91.3669,41.948],[-91.3677,41.8603],[-91.4836,41.8608],[-91.5989,41.8612],[-91.716,41.862],[-91.8318,41.8617],[-91.8329,41.9485],[-91.8338,42.0366],[-91.8342,42.1242],[-91.8328,42.2087],[-91.8319,42.2987],[-91.7153,42.2971],[-91.5969,42.2959],[-91.4809,42.296],[-91.3649,42.2964]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Linn\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
The Great Dismal Swamp is a peat wetland in the Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. Timber harvesting and the construction of ditches to drain the swamp and facilitate the harvesting are collectively implicated in changes that altered the wetland forests, caused subsidence and decomposition of the peat, and increased the risk of fire. In response to these changes, managers have implemented strategies to control water levels and rewet the swamp using a network of 64 adjustable-height, water-control structures on the ditches. Rewetting the swamp is intended to re-establish the original wetland-forest types, reduce the risk of fire, reduce subsidence and decomposition of the peat, enhance peat accretion, and reduce the risk of fire. Knowledge of responses of the swamp to hydrologic controls, however, is critical to developing and implementing effective management goals and strategies. Because the 2008 South One fire reemphasized the need for this knowledge, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began studies in 2009 to identify critical hydrologic controls and responses to these controls.
These studies identified water sources, topography, the two-layered hydraulic characteristics of the peat, the absence of peat in some areas, the ditch and road network, water-control structures on the ditches, the Dismal Swamp Canal and associated infrastructure, and wetland forests as the primary hydrologic controls. Precipitation is the only water source across much of the swamp. The eastward flow of streams and groundwater from the Isle of Wight Plain, across the Suffolk scarp, and into the swamp are additional water sources to the western part of the swamp. Vertical differences in the hydraulic characteristics of the peat reflect an upper peat having a high hydraulic conductivity and specific yield overlying a lower peat and sand having lower hydraulic conductivity and specific yield. The upper peat forms the main aquifer for the storage, flow, and release of water from the swamp. Maintaining water in the upper peat is critical to water availability to the wetland forests because of these properties.
Groundwater flows from the swamp into the ditches and the Dismal Swamp Canal where it discharges into nearby streams. Discharge typically is to the closest ditch except where a spoil-pile road that impedes flow intervenes between the swamp and the ditch. When groundwater levels in a ditch are about 2 feet lower than levels in the other three ditches surrounding a part of the swamp, however, most groundwater typically discharges to the ditch having the lower level. This occurs even if a spoil-pile road intervenes between the swamp and the ditch having the lower level. Flow to a single ditch shifts watershed boundaries and groundwater divides toward the ditches having higher water levels and demonstrates how flow and discharge are controlled by ditch water levels. Consequently, managing water levels based on these and other hydrologic controls and responses is critical to achieving management objectives.
The chemistry of water across the swamp shows the effects of the peat. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the groundwater are among the highest reported globally, ranging from 55 to 195 milligrams per liter. The pH of groundwater and ditch water is commonly less than 4.0 standard units because of organic acids. A relation between the pH and specific conductance of groundwater and ditch water reflects water sources, flow paths, and the chemical evolution, as waters from the different sources mix and flow along the paths.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Speiran, G.K., and Wurster, F.C., 2021, Hydrology and water quality of the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, and implications for hydrologic-management goals and strategies: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5100, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205100.","productDescription":"xii, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-108950","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436139,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZVW9C8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrologic, water-quality, fire, forest-cover, and other data, the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina"},{"id":390256,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20205100/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2020-5100"},{"id":390255,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5100/images"},{"id":390252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5100/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5100/sir20205100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5100"},{"id":390254,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5100/sir20205100.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Great Dismal Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.651611328125,\n 36.575835338491736\n ],\n [\n -76.65710449218749,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -76.5142822265625,\n 36.32397712011261\n ],\n [\n -76.3714599609375,\n 36.36822190085109\n ],\n [\n -76.25061035156251,\n 36.4345419190089\n ],\n [\n -76.2835693359375,\n 36.85325222344016\n ],\n [\n -76.4483642578125,\n 36.87522650673951\n ],\n [\n -76.61865234374999,\n 36.84006462037767\n ],\n [\n -76.651611328125,\n 36.575835338491736\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
On March 19, 2008, a small explosion heralded the onset of an extraordinary eruption at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano. The following 10 years provided unprecedented access to an actively circulating lava lake located within a region monitored by numerous geodetic tools, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), tilt, and gravity. These datasets revealed a range of processes occurring on widely different timescales. Over years, pressure change within the summit magmatic system, determined from ground deformation and lava-lake surface height, seems to have been governed by broad variations in the rate of magma supply from the mantle to the volcano’s shallow magmatic system, as well as changes in the efficiency of East Rift Zone (ERZ) magma transport and eruption. Over weeks to months, intrusions at the summit and along the ERZ, where new eruptive vents commonly formed and intrusions were primed by extension from south-flank motion, were a result of short-term increases in magma supply or waning lava effusion from the ERZ. Waning lava effusion caused magma to back up behind the ERZ eruptive vent all the way to the summit. ERZ intrusions and eruptions caused rapid depressurization of the summit magmatic system, whereas summit intrusions resulted in complex deformation patterns as magma moved to and from two main sub-caldera storage areas. Over hours to days, pressure changes were caused by episodic deflation-inflation (DI) events and possibly small summit intrusions, and deformation of the rim of the summit eruptive vent revealed instabilities that indicated an increased potential for collapse and minor explosive activity. Finally, over timescales of minutes to hours, gas pistoning, summit explosions, very-long-period seismic events, and even the airborne eruptive plume had clear manifestations in geodetic datasets, providing insights into the causes and consequences of those processes. The diversity and quantity of geodetic observations shed important light on this exceptional and well-documented decade-long summit eruption and its accompanying phenomena, yet numerous questions remain about the causal mechanisms, physical processes, and magmatic conditions associated with eruptive and intrusive activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1867G","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Miklius, A., Johanson, I.A., and Anderson, K.R., 2021, A decade of geodetic change at Kīlauea’s summit—Observations, interpretations, and unanswered questions from studies of the 2008–2018 Halemaʻumaʻu eruption, chap. G of Patrick, M., Orr, T., Swanson, D., and Houghton, B., eds., The 2008–2018 summit lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1867, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1867G.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-123914","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390677,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1867/g/pp1867g.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1867/g/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.32539367675778,\n 19.37334071336406\n ],\n [\n -155.20797729492188,\n 19.37334071336406\n ],\n [\n -155.20797729492188,\n 19.454938719968595\n ],\n [\n -155.32539367675778,\n 19.454938719968595\n ],\n [\n -155.32539367675778,\n 19.37334071336406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact HVO
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1266 Kamehameha Avenue
Suite A-8
Hilo, HI 96720
Study region: The study was conducted in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, eastern USA, an important water supply in a densely populated region.
Study focus: Manganese (Mn), an emerging health concern and common nuisance contaminant in drinking water, is mapped and modeled using the XGBoost machine learning method, predictions of pH and redox conditions from previous models, and other explanatory variables that describe the groundwater flow system and surface characteristics. Methods to address the imbalanced occurrence of elevated and low Mn concentrations are compared and used to more accurately predict concentrations of interest for human health and drinking water quality.
New hydrological insights for the region: Elevated Mn concentrations were more likely in shallow groundwater, close to recharge areas and in topographically low areas where soil or unsaturated processes influence groundwater quality. Predicted concentrations greater than the health threshold of 300 micrograms per liter extended across 17 % of the surficial aquifer area, but across <1% of the areas of underlying aquifers. pH and variables related to flow-system position and near-surface processes were more important predictors than the probability of low dissolved oxygen (DO). Mapped variable influence (SHAP values) showed that both pH and DO variables were related to hydrogeologic conditions. Class weights, which improved the predictive ability for elevated Mn without altering the data, was the preferred method to address class imbalance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100925","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L.A., and Ransom, K.M., 2021, Manganese in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, eastern USA—Modeling regional occurrence with pH, redox, and machine learning: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 37, 100925, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100925.","productDescription":"100925, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126500","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37273,"text":"Advanced Research Computing (ARC)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100925","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436146,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M64CD1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data used to model and map manganese in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, eastern USA"},{"id":390662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia","city":"Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, Washington D.C.","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.1142578125,\n 41.22824901518529\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 39.78321267821705\n ],\n [\n -78.321533203125,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -78.079833984375,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -76.80541992187499,\n 34.94899072578227\n ],\n [\n -76.475830078125,\n 35.092945313732635\n ],\n [\n -76.387939453125,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -76.036376953125,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -75.509033203125,\n 35.84453450421662\n ],\n [\n -75.882568359375,\n 36.43012234551576\n ],\n [\n -75.904541015625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -75.860595703125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -75.201416015625,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -74.893798828125,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -75.289306640625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -74.94873046875,\n 39.138581990583525\n ],\n [\n -75.069580078125,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -74.87182617187499,\n 38.865374851611634\n ],\n [\n -74.124755859375,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -73.883056640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 40.50544628405211\n ],\n [\n -71.74072265625,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -72.1142578125,\n 41.22824901518529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":195635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ransom, Katherine Marie 0000-0001-6195-7699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-7699","contributorId":239552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227461,"text":"70227461 - 2021 - A new analysis of caldera unrest through the integration of geophysical data and FEM modeling: The Long Valley caldera case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T13:17:45.229897","indexId":"70227461","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-11T07:14:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new analysis of caldera unrest through the integration of geophysical data and FEM modeling: The Long Valley caldera case study","docAbstract":"The characterization of nanoscale organic structures has improved our understanding of porosity development within source-rock reservoirs, but research linking organic porosity evolution to thermal maturity has generated conflicting results. To better understand this connection, an immature (0.25% solid bitumen reflectance; BRo) sample of the New Albany Shale was used in four isothermal hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiment sequences at 300°, 320°, 340°, and 370°C, with residues collected periodically for a maximum of 103 days. The HP residues, along with the original immature sample and two naturally matured (1.49 and 1.56% BRo) New Albany Shale samples were analyzed for organic petrology, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and organic porosity evaluation using correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). All of the HP series increased in thermal maturity with increasing duration of pyrolysis, though reflectance for each series plateaued within 25 days of maturation. Initially, TOC in the HP residues decreases (from 14.24 wt. %) with increasing thermal maturity until ∼1.0% BRo where TOC remains at ∼9–10 wt. % for all remaining residues. Qualitative CLEM observations within the 50–100 day 300° and 340°C HP sequences (0.95–1.70% BRo), and the naturally matured samples, develop organic porosity in smaller (<5 μm in diameter), void-filling solid bitumen that occurs in spaces between clays and other fine-grained minerals. The 370°C HP residues developed significant organic porosity, relative to the other HP temperature series in all solid bitumen accumulations regardless of size. Overall, the study indicates that temperature and duration of artificial maturation play an important role in the abundance of pores in the HP residues. This work expands on our understanding of the conditions needed for the generation and development of organic porosity in the New Albany Shale and potentially in other marine source-rock petroleum systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105368","usgsCitation":"Valentine, B.J., Hackley, P.C., and Hatcherian, J.J., 2021, Hydrous pyrolysis of New Albany Shale: A study examining maturation changes and porosity development: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 134, 105368, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105368.","productDescription":"105368, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122420","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105368","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Clagg Creek Member, Hicks Dome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.38638305664062,\n 37.50264464701539\n ],\n [\n -88.33076477050781,\n 37.50264464701539\n ],\n [\n -88.33076477050781,\n 37.53967731569061\n ],\n [\n -88.38638305664062,\n 37.53967731569061\n ],\n [\n -88.38638305664062,\n 37.50264464701539\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.77198028564453,\n 38.51808630316305\n ],\n [\n -85.65216064453125,\n 38.51808630316305\n ],\n [\n -85.65216064453125,\n 38.59674884151356\n ],\n [\n -85.77198028564453,\n 38.59674884151356\n ],\n [\n -85.77198028564453,\n 38.51808630316305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"134","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatcherian, Javin J. 0000-0001-9151-6798 jhatcherian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-6798","contributorId":195770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcherian","given":"Javin","email":"jhatcherian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70224943,"text":"ofr20211086 - 2021 - Water-quality distributions in the East Branch Black River near the Chemical Recovery Systems site in Elyria, Ohio, 2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T11:44:55.648814","indexId":"ofr20211086","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-06T17:39:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1086","displayTitle":"Water-Quality Distributions in the East Branch Black River near the Chemical Recovery Systems Site in Elyria, Ohio, 2021","title":"Water-quality distributions in the East Branch Black River near the Chemical Recovery Systems site in Elyria, Ohio, 2021","docAbstract":"Autonomous underwater vehicles are uniquely designed to provide spatially dense water-quality data along with bathymetry and velocimetry. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5 requested technical assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey in support of ongoing investigations at the Chemical Recovery Systems site to collect spatially dense water-quality and bathymetry data in the East Branch Black River in Elyria, Ohio. This report was prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to present the results of the autonomous underwater vehicle survey near the Chemical Recovery Systems site on March 22, 2021. Plots of distributions of water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen are presented that may help guide and focus future U.S. Environmental Protection Agency efforts at the site to determine the degree of groundwater/surface-water interaction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.L., and Dobrowolski, E.G., 2021, Water-quality distributions in the East Branch Black River near the Chemical Recovery Systems site in Elyria, Ohio, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1086, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211086.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 10 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-128518","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390284,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/oh/nwis/uv?site_no=04200500","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS 04200500 Black River at Elyria OH, in USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":390281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1086/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390282,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1086/ofr20211086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021"},{"id":390283,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FEBCBY","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Autonomous underwater vehicle water-quality and sonar measurements in the East Branch Black River near Elyria, Ohio, 2021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Elyria","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.23541259765625,\n 41.2509675141624\n ],\n [\n -81.9635009765625,\n 41.2509675141624\n ],\n [\n -81.9635009765625,\n 41.49623534616764\n ],\n [\n -82.23541259765625,\n 41.49623534616764\n ],\n [\n -82.23541259765625,\n 41.2509675141624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea, Hawai’i, provides an excellent natural laboratory with which to test models of lava flow propagation. During early stages of eruption crises, the most useful lava flow propagation equations utilize readily determined parameters and require fewer a priori assumptions about future behavior of the flow. Here, we leverage the numerous observations of lava flows collected over the duration of the eruption crisis at Kīlauea in 2018 to test simple lava flow propagation models. These models track the one-dimensional propagation of the flows according to three main rheological restraining forces: bulk viscosity, yield strength, and growth of a surface crust. We calculate the predicted changes in length through time of three flows that vary in bulk composition, crystal content, and total flow length. Cooler flows that are more crystal-rich tend to be more dominated by crust growth, though early stages of propagation can be controlled by bulk viscosity. We find that variations in effusion rate significantly impact flows that are short-lived; flows that are produced during steady-state effusion are readily approximated by average values for the entire flow. Thus, accurate knowledge of variations in effusion rate are critical to accurate lava flow propagation forecasting.
Theodore Roosevelt National Park is in western North Dakota and was established in 1978 under the National Wilderness Preservation system to preserve and protect the qualities of the North Dakota Badlands, including the wildlife, scenery, and wilderness. The park is made up of three units (North, Elkhorn Ranch, and South) that are connected by the Little Missouri River, which was identified by the National Park Service as a significant resource essential to fulfilling the park's purpose. The development of oil and gas (OG) resources has expanded in the past two decades in the region surrounding Theodore Roosevelt National Park. This expansion of OG development outside park boundaries increases the potential for adverse environmental and economic effects inside the park boundaries, especially for the hydrologic processes within Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
This report assesses the vulnerability of critical components that contribute to supporting plants and wildlife of the Northwestern Great Plains ecological region and Theodore Roosevelt National Park’s mission of preservation. Critical components include land cover, slope, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, distance to Ovis canadensis (Shaw, 1804) (bighorn sheep) critical habitat, distance to springs, distance to rivers and streams, and distance to surficial aquifers. The study area included all the 12-digit hydrologic units within the watershed boundary dataset that intersect Theodore Roosevelt National Park or are within the 12-digit hydrologic units for Little Missouri River tributaries that flow into the park. Critical components that had existing publicly available geographic data were assessed and assigned vulnerability index values. These values were then summed to develop a vulnerability score and mapped. OG development and associated transportation infrastructure, referred to as “stressors” in this report, with publicly available geographic data were mapped, and then flow paths were generated starting from the stressor locations to assess their likelihood to contaminate vulnerable areas within the study area.
The North Unit had the most area with moderate, high, and very high vulnerability. These areas occurred all across the southern and eastern parts of the North Unit where the Little Missouri River, surficial aquifer, wetland type land covers, and bighorn sheep critical habitat are present. Several stressor flow paths from pipelines and highways cross these areas and may pose the most risk to the vulnerable areas identified. In the Elkhorn Ranch Unit, areas with moderate, high, and very high vulnerability were in the southeastern part of the unit, where the Little Missouri River, surficial aquifer, wetland type land covers, and bighorn sheep critical habitat are present. The stressor flow paths in the Elkhorn Ranch Unit follow the length of the Little Missouri River and all its tributaries in the study area. The stressor flow paths originated from crude oil wells and pipelines. In the South Unit, one area had moderate, high, and very high vulnerability. This area is where the Little Missouri River and bighorn sheep critical range are present. The stressor flow paths in the South Unit follow the length of the Little Missouri River and nearly all its tributaries in the study area. Several stressor flow paths cross the one identified vulnerable area that originated from crude oil wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3479","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Inland Oil Spill Preparedness Project","usgsCitation":"Valseth, K.J., 2021, Vulnerability assessment in and near Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3479, pamphlet 9 p., 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3479.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 9 p.; 1 Sheet: 23.50 x 31.10 inches; Dataset","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122274","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390167,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/sim3479_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"9.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3479 Sheet 1"},{"id":390169,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/sim3479.xml","size":"53.7 kB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIM 3479 Pamphlet xml"},{"id":390165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390168,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":390166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/sim3479_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3479 Pamphlet"},{"id":390170,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.72467041015625,\n 46.751153008636884\n ],\n [\n -103.14788818359375,\n 46.751153008636884\n ],\n [\n -103.14788818359375,\n 47.11873795272715\n ],\n [\n -103.72467041015625,\n 47.11873795272715\n ],\n [\n -103.72467041015625,\n 46.751153008636884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702