{"pageNumber":"471","pageRowStart":"11750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46650,"records":[{"id":70136357,"text":"sir20145236 - 2015 - Flood-inundation maps for the Hoosic River, North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, from the confluence with the North Branch Hoosic River to the Vermont State line","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-04T12:07:21","indexId":"sir20145236","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5236","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Hoosic River, North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, from the confluence with the North Branch Hoosic River to the Vermont State line","docAbstract":"<p>A series of nine digital flood-inundation maps were developed for an 8-mile reach of the Hoosic River in North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The coverage of the maps extends from the confluence with the North Branch Hoosic River to the Vermont State line. Peak flows with 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations, and to place the tropical storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011 into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current (2014) stage-discharge relation at the USGS streamgage Hoosic River near Williamstown, Massachusetts (01332500), and from documented high-water marks from the tropical storm Irene flood, which had approximately a 1-percent annual exceedance probability.</p>\n<p>The hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for flood stages referenced to the streamgage and ranging from 9&nbsp;feet (ft; 624.45&nbsp;ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 1988]), which is near bankfull, to 16.1&nbsp;ft (631.59&nbsp;ft NAVD 1988), which exceeds the maximum recorded water level at the streamgage and the National Weather Service major flood stage of 13.0&nbsp;ft. The mapped stages, 10.9 to 16.1&nbsp;ft, were selected to match the stages of flows with annual exceedance probabilities between 20 and 0.2 percent, and thus do not fall at exact 1-ft increments. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 0.5-ft vertical accuracy to create a set of flood-inundation maps.</p>\n<p>The availability of the flood-inundation maps, combined with information regarding current (near real-time) stage from USGS streamgage Hoosic River near Williamstown, and forecasted flood stages from the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, and post-flood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory, but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., and Bent, G.C., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the Hoosic River, North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, from the confluence with the North Branch Hoosic River to the Vermont State line: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5236, Report: vi, 15 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145236.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 15 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059673","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science 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Water-Surface Elevations at Modeled Cross Sections Along the Hoosic River, North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts</li>\n<li>Appendix 2. Shapefiles for the Hoosic River Study Reach in North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, Including Flood Plain Boundaries for the 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-Percent Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) Floods; the 1-Percent AEP Floodway; Model Cross Sections; and Water-Surface Elevations for the 1-Percent AEP Flood</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dca7e4b0d9246a9ec28b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. plombard@usgs.gov","contributorId":140923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","email":"plombard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148054,"text":"sim3321 - 2015 - Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:35:32.779584","indexId":"sim3321","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-26T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3321","title":"Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents a digital geologic strip map of the southern parts of the contiguous White Ledge Peak and Matilija 7.5&rsquo; quadrangles in coastal southern California. With a compilation scale of 1:24,000 (one inch on the map to 2,000 feet on the ground), the map depicts the distribution of bedrock units, surficial deposits, and associated deformation adjacent to and south of the Arroyo Parida fault and in the southern Ojai Valley east of the Ventura River. This new compilation, combined with a recently published geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3001), completes a 69-km-long east-west mapping transect from Goleta to Ojai by the U.S. Geological Survey. These two contiguous geologic maps provide new insights and constraints on Neogene-through-Quaternary tectonic deformation and consequent landscape change, including geohazards in the urbanized southern flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains.</p>\n<p>A principal aim of the new mapping and associated fault-kinematic measurements is to document and constrain the nature of transpressional strain transfer between various regional, potentially seismogenic faults. In the accompanying pamphlet, surficial and bedrock map units are described in detail as well as a summary of the structural and fault-kinematic framework of the map area. New biostratigraphic and biochronologic data based on microfossil identifications are presented in expanded unit descriptions of the marine Neogene Monterey and Sisquoc Formations. Site-specific fault kinematic observations are embedded in the digital map database. This compilation provides a uniform geologic digital geodatabase and map plot files that can be used for visualization, analysis, and interpretation of the area&rsquo;s geology, geologic hazards, and natural resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3321","usgsCitation":"Minor, S.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2015, Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3321, Pamphlet: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 56 x 32 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3321.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 56 x 32 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046251","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3321.jpg"},{"id":399002,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101922.htm"},{"id":300812,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: Associated database files. Refer to the ReadMe and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":300811,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_map_geo.pdf","text":"Map georeferenced","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map georeferenced","linkHelpText":"Contains: Georeferenced pdf for users' convenience; no hillshade included."},{"id":300810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_map.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"},{"id":300813,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3001/","text":"Related report: SIM 3001","linkHelpText":"Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California"},{"id":300809,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County, Ventura County","otherGeospatial":"White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.5,\n              34.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5,\n              34.4561\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.25,\n              34.4561\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.25,\n              34.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5,\n              34.375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55658b1ae4b0d9246a9eb5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142283,"text":"70142283 - 2015 - Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T16:39:17","indexId":"70142283","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis.","docAbstract":"<p>Regression of in-stream turbidity with concurrent sample-based suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) has become an accepted method for producing unit-value time series of inferred SSC (Rasmussen et al., 2009). Turbidity-SSC regression models are increasingly used to generate suspended-sediment records for Pacific Northwest rivers (e.g., Curran et al., 2014; Schenk and Bragg, 2014; Uhrich and Bragg, 2003). Recent work developing turbidity-SSC models for the North Fork Toutle River in Southwest Washington (Uhrich et al., 2014), as well as other studies (Landers and Sturm, 2013, Merten et al., 2014), suggests that models derived from annual or greater datasets may not adequately reflect shorter term changes in turbidity-SSC relations, warranting closer inspection of such relations. In-stream turbidity measurements and suspended-sediment samples have been collected from the North Fork Toutle River since 2010. The study site, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage 14240525 near Kid Valley, Washington, is 13 river km downstream of the debris avalanche emplaced by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Lipman and Mullineaux, 1981), and 2 river km downstream of the large sediment retention structure (SRS) built from 1987&ndash;1989 to mitigate the associated sediment hazard. The debris avalanche extends roughly 25 km down valley from the edifice of the volcano and is the primary source of suspended sediment moving past the streamgage (NF Toutle-SRS). Other significant sources are debris flow events and sand deposits upstream of the SRS, which are periodically remobilized and transported downstream. Also, finer material often is derived from the clay-rich original debris avalanche deposit, while coarser material can derive from areas such as fluvially reworked terraces.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015","conferenceTitle":"5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","collaboration":"US Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Uhrich, M.A., Spicer, K.R., Mosbrucker, A.R., and Christianson, T.S., 2015, Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis., <i>in</i> Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 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tchristianson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9229","contributorId":5986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"Tami","email":"tchristianson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171170,"text":"70171170 - 2015 - Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:18:28","indexId":"70171170","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-25T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Timing of ocean entry is critical for marine survival of both hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>) smolts. Management practices and barriers to migration such as dams may constrain timing of smolt migrations resulting in suboptimal performance at saltwater entry. We modeled influences of stocking location, smolt development, and environmental conditions on (</span><i>i</i><span>) initiation of migration by hatchery-reared smolts and (</span><i>ii</i><span>) movement rate of hatchery- and wild-reared Atlantic salmon smolts in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA, from 2005 through 2014 using acoustic telemetry data. We also compared movement rates in free-flowing reaches with rates in reaches with hydropower dams and head ponds. We compared movement rates before and after (1) removal of two mainstem dams and (2) construction of new powerhouses. Initiation of movement by hatchery fish was influenced by smolt development, stocking location, and environmental conditions. Smolts with the greatest gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase (NKA) activity initiated migration 24 h sooner than fish with the lowest gill NKA activity. Fish with the greatest cumulative thermal experience initiated migration 5 days earlier than those with lowest cumulative thermal experience. Smolts released furthest from the ocean initiated migration earlier than those released downstream, but movement rate increased by fivefold closer to the ocean, indicating behavioral trade-offs between initiation and movement rate. Dams had a strong effect on movement rate. Movement rate increased from 2.8 to 5.4 km&middot;h</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;in reaches where dams were removed, but decreased from 2.1 to 0.1 km&middot;h</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;in reaches where new powerhouses were constructed. Movement rate varied throughout the migratory period and was inversely related to temperature. Fish moved slower at extreme high or low discharge. Responses in fish movement rates to dam removal indicate the potential scope of recovery for these activities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0570","usgsCitation":"Stich, D.S., Kinnison, M.T., Kocik, J.F., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2015, Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1339-1351, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0570.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060916","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -68.5,\n              44.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.5,\n              45.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.8,\n              45.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.8,\n              44.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.5,\n              44.7\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccbde4b07e28b662dce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stich, Daniel S.","contributorId":139212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stich","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12606,"text":"University of Maine, Dept of Plant, Soil, & Envir Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":169617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocik, John F.","contributorId":103162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70243861,"text":"70243861 - 2015 - End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-24T15:05:42.814122","indexId":"70243861","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-23T15:56:20","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5739,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","onlineIssn":"2169-9011","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>A quantitative understanding of snow thickness and snow water equivalent (SWE) on glaciers is essential to a wide range of scientific and resource management topics. However, robust SWE estimates are observationally challenging, in part because SWE can vary abruptly over short distances in complex terrain due to interactions between topography and meteorological processes. In spring 2013, we measured snow accumulation on several glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska using both ground- and helicopter-based ground-penetrating radar surveys, complemented by extensive ground truth observations. We found that SWE can be highly variable (40% difference) over short spatial scales (tens to hundreds of meters), especially in the ablation zone where the underlying ice surfaces are typically rough. Elevation provides the dominant basin-scale influence on SWE, with gradients ranging from 115 to 400 mm/100 m. Regionally, total accumulation and the accumulation gradient are strongly controlled by a glacier's distance from the coastal moisture source. Multiple linear regressions, used to calculate distributed SWE fields, show that robust results require adequate sampling of the true distribution of multiple terrain parameters. Final SWE estimates (comparable to winter balances) show reasonable agreement with both the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model climate data set (9–36% difference) and the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Benchmark Glaciers (6–36% difference). All the glaciers in our study exhibit substantial sensitivity to changing snow-rain fractions, regardless of their location in a coastal or continental climate. While process-based SWE projections remain elusive, the collection of ground-penetrating radar (GPR)-derived data sets provides a greatly enhanced perspective on the spatial distribution of SWE and will pave the way for future work that may eventually allow such projections.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003539","usgsCitation":"Mcgrath, D., Sass, L., O’Neel, S., Arendt, A., Wolken, G., Gusmeroli, A., Kienholz, C., and McNeil, C., 2015, End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 120, no. 8, p. 1530-1550, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003539.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1530","endPage":"1550","ipdsId":"IP-064450","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003539","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K072BV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Valdez Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F769M4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Eklutna Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438698,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z60M35","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Eureka Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438697,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TH8JRR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Gulkana Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438696,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BG2M16","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data,Taku Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G73BRH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Wolverine Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1V81","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Scott Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":417368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.14517565646327,\n              62.938908091713984\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.14517565646327,\n              57.55690540490215\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.04945194161488,\n              57.55690540490215\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.04945194161488,\n              62.938908091713984\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.14517565646327,\n              62.938908091713984\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":220417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, Louis C. 0000-0003-4677-029X lsass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-029X","contributorId":3555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Louis C.","email":"lsass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arendt, Anthony 0000-0003-0429-6905","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-6905","contributorId":220394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arendt","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40162,"text":"U. of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolken, Gabriel","contributorId":305685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolken","given":"Gabriel","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gusmeroli, Alessio 0000-0002-8355-5591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-5591","contributorId":220395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gusmeroli","given":"Alessio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40163,"text":"U of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kienholz, Christian 0000-0001-7962-4446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-4446","contributorId":220396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kienholz","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40162,"text":"U. of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McNeil, Christopher J. 0000-0003-4170-0428 cmcneil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-0428","contributorId":5803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cmcneil@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70146512,"text":"sir20155055 - 2015 - Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T13:13:31","indexId":"sir20155055","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5055","title":"Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Traditionally, the Iowa Department of Transportation has used the Iowa Runoff Chart and single-variable regional-regression equations (RREs) from a U.S. Geological Survey report (published in 1987) as the primary methods to estimate annual exceedance-probability discharge (AEPD) for small (20 square miles or less) drainage basins in Iowa. With the publication of new multi- and single-variable RREs by the U.S. Geological Survey (published in 2013), the Iowa Department of Transportation needs to determine which methods of AEPD estimation provide the best accuracy and the least bias for small drainage basins in Iowa.</p>\n<p>Twenty five streamgages with drainage areas less than 2 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>) and 55 streamgages with drainage areas between 2 and 20 mi<sup>2</sup> were selected for the comparisons that used two evaluation metrics. Estimates of AEPDs calculated for the streamgages using the expected moments algorithm/multiple Grubbs-Beck test analysis method were compared to estimates of AEPDs calculated from the 2013 multivariable RREs; the 2013 single-variable RREs; the 1987 single-variable RREs; the TR-55 rainfall-runoff model; and the Iowa Runoff Chart.</p>\n<p>For the 25 streamgages with drainage areas less than 2 mi<sup>2</sup>, results of the comparisons seem to indicate the best overall accuracy and the least bias may be achieved by using the TR-55 method for flood regions 1 and 3 (published in 2013) and by using the 1987 single-variable RREs for flood region 2 (published in 2013).</p>\n<p>For drainage basins with areas between 2 and 20 mi<sup>2</sup>, results of the comparisons seem to indicate the best overall accuracy and the least bias may be achieved by using the 1987 single-variable RREs for the Southern Iowa Drift Plain landform region and for flood region 3 (published in 2013), by using the 2013 multivariable RREs for the Iowan Surface landform region, and by using the 2013 or 1987 single-variable RREs for flood region 2 (published in 2013). For all other landform or flood regions in Iowa, use of the 2013 single-variable RREs may provide the best overall accuracy and the least bias.</p>\n<p>An examination was conducted to understand why the 1987 single-variable RREs seem to provide better accuracy and less bias than either of the 2013 multi- or single-variable RREs. A comparison of 1-percent annual exceedance-probability regression lines for hydrologic regions 1-4 from the 1987 single-variable RREs and for flood regions 1-3 from the 2013 single-variable RREs indicates that the 1987 single-variable regional-regression lines generally have steeper slopes and lower discharges when compared to 2013 single-variable regional-regression lines for corresponding areas of Iowa. The combination of the definition of hydrologic regions, the lower discharges, and the steeper slopes of regression lines associated with the 1987 single-variable RREs seem to provide better accuracy and less bias when compared to the 2013 multi- or single-variable RREs; better accuracy and less bias was determined particularly for drainage areas less than 2 mi<sup>2</sup>, and also for some drainage areas between 2 and 20 mi<sup>2</sup>. The 2013 multi- and single-variable RREs are considered to provide better accuracy and less bias for larger drainage areas. Results of this study indicate that additional research is needed to address the curvilinear relation between drainage area and AEPDs for areas of Iowa.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project TR-678)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 2015, Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5055, viii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155055.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-058580","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155055.jpg"},{"id":300732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/pdf/sir2015-5055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5055"},{"id":300731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/"},{"id":300733,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Contains: Table 3, 4, 8, 9, and 10 in XLSX format","linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5055 Downloads Directory"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2744140625,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.01074218749999,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              43.11702412135048\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.01074218749999,\n              42.79540065303723\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.703125,\n              42.65012181368022\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.06591796875,\n              42.08191667830631\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.32958984375,\n              41.508577297439324\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.01074218749999,\n              41.37680856570233\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.85693359375,\n              40.896905775860006\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.47216796875,\n              40.29628651711716\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8017578125,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.73486328124999,\n              40.54720023441049\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.97656249999999,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.70166015624999,\n              42.73087427928485\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.70166015624999,\n              43.14909399920127\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5560451be4b0afeb70724141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159970,"text":"70159970 - 2015 - Automated calculation of surface energy fluxes with high-frequency lake buoy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-04T16:47:25","indexId":"70159970","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated calculation of surface energy fluxes with high-frequency lake buoy data","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Heat Flux Analyzer is a program used for calculating the surface energy fluxes in lakes according to established literature methodologies. The program was developed in MATLAB for the rapid analysis of high-frequency data from instrumented lake buoys in support of the emerging field of aquatic sensor network science. To calculate the surface energy fluxes, the program requires a number of input variables, such as air and water temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and short-wave radiation. Available outputs for Lake Heat Flux Analyzer include the surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and latent heat and their corresponding transfer coefficients, incoming and outgoing long-wave radiation. Lake Heat Flux Analyzer is open source and can be used to process data from multiple lakes rapidly. It provides a means of calculating the surface fluxes using a consistent method, thereby facilitating global comparisons of high-frequency data from lake buoys.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.013","usgsCitation":"Woolway, R., Jones, I.D., Hamilton, D., Maberly, S.C., Muroaka, K., Read, J.S., Smyth, R.L., and Winslow, L., 2015, Automated calculation of surface energy fluxes with high-frequency lake buoy data: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 70, p. 191-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.013.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"198","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":472081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.013","text":"External 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,{"id":70148109,"text":"fs20153040 - 2015 - Tools for discovering and accessing Great Lakes scientific data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T14:52:12","indexId":"fs20153040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3040","title":"Tools for discovering and accessing Great Lakes scientific data","docAbstract":"<p>The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) is a multidisciplinary and interagency effort focused on the protection and restoration of the Great Lakes (GL) using the best available science and applying lessons learned from previous studies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contributes to the GLRI effort by providing resource managers with information and tools needed to meet restoration goals. This includes contributing scientific expertise and delivering findings to the GL community through meaningful information products.</p>\n<p>One of the strengths of the GLRI is its interagency approach; however, this can create challenges when coordinating the large number of restoration activities being performed by GL governments, tribes, academics, nonprofits, and industry. There is a vast array of data being produced by both the USGS and its partners, and it is crucial that scientists, managers, policymakers, and the public can easily locate the biological, geological, geospatial, and water-resources data being generated.</p>\n<p>The USGS strives to develop data products that are easy to find, easy to understand, and easy to use through Web-accessible tools that allow users to learn about the breadth and scope of GLRI activities being undertaken by the USGS and its partners. By creating tools that enable data to be shared and reused more easily, the USGS can encourage collaboration and assist the GL community in finding, interpreting, and understanding the information created during GLRI science activities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153040","usgsCitation":"Lucido, J., and Bruce, J.L., 2015, Tools for discovering and accessing Great Lakes scientific data: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3040, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153040.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065137","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153040.jpg"},{"id":300653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3040/"},{"id":300654,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3040/pdf/fs2015-3040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.6376953125,\n              50.45750402042058\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68115234375,\n              49.52520834197442\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.31787109374999,\n              47.234489635299184\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8564453125,\n              46.34692761055676\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.23095703125,\n              46.437856895024204\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.36279296875,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.3740234375,\n              42.439674178149424\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.13232421875,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.53955078125,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55078125,\n              40.49709237269567\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.28759765625,\n              40.59727063442024\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.013671875,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.31103515625,\n              42.08191667830631\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              43.691707903073805\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.72900390625,\n              44.29240108529005\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26708984375,\n              44.5278427984555\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44189453125,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8037109375,\n              48.60385760823255\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.451171875,\n              50.41551870402678\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6376953125,\n              50.45750402042058\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555ef3a1e4b0a92fa7eb9664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucido, Jessica M. jlucido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucido","given":"Jessica M.","email":"jlucido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruce, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-4915-5567 jlbruce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-5567","contributorId":132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70144908,"text":"pp1813 - 2015 - Mercury and methylmercury in reservoirs in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-20T15:39:27","indexId":"pp1813","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-20T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1813","title":"Mercury and methylmercury in reservoirs in Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury (Hg) is an element that occurs naturally, but evidence suggests that human activities have resulted in increased amounts being released to the atmosphere and land surface. When Hg is converted to methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic ecosystems, MeHg accumulates and increases in the food web so that some fish contain levels which pose a health risk to humans and wildlife that consume these fish. Reservoirs unlike natural lakes, are a part of river systems that are managed for flood control. Data compiled and interpreted for six flood-control reservoirs in Indiana showed a relation between Hg transport, MeHg formation in water, and MeHg in fish that was influenced by physical, chemical, and biological differences among the reservoirs. Existing information precludes a uniform comparison of Hg and MeHg in all reservoirs in the State, but factors and conditions were identified that can indicate where and when Hg and MeHg levels in reservoirs could be highest.</p>\n<p>As part of a statewide monitoring network for Hg and MeHg in Indiana streams, 66 water samples were collected from four reservoir tailwater sites (downstream near the dams) on a quarterly schedule for 5 years. The reservoirs were Brookville Lake, Cagles Mill Lake, J. Edward Roush Lake, and Mississinewa Lake. Particulate-bound Hg concentrations were significantly lower in tailwater samples than in samples from free-flowing streams in the statewide network. (Free-flowing streams were not affected by dams and were not upstream from these reservoirs.) These data indicated the reduced flow velocity of water upstream from dams was allowing particulate-bound Hg to settle out of the water in the reservoir pools. The concentration ratios of MeHg to Hg were significantly higher in the tailwater samples than in samples from free-flowing streams, and the MeHg to Hg ratios were significantly higher in summer than in other seasons.</p>\n<p>To evaluate the conditions related to MeHg formation, pools of three reservoirs (Brookville Lake, Monroe Lake, and Patoka Lake) were investigated during summer hydrologic conditions. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured from the water surface to the lake bottom at 10 to 17 transects across each reservoir to identify three thermal strata, defined by water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and depth. Depth-specific water samples were collected from these thermal strata throughout each reservoir, from the headwaters to the dam and from the tailwater. Mercury concentrations higher than 0.04 nanogram per liter (ng/L) were detected in all 53 samples, and MeHg concentrations higher than 0.04 ng/L were detected in 53 percent of the samples.</p>\n<p>The investigation found a zone of water below 8 or 9 meters, with temperatures less than 18 degrees Celsius and dissolved oxygen less than 3.5 milligrams per liter, extending through nearly half the reservoir area in Monroe Lake and Patoka Lake. This zone had abundant dissolved MeHg and concentration ratios of dissolved MeHg to Hg that ranged from 25 to 82 percent. This zone also had water with pH less than 7 and decreased dissolved sulfate, conditions indicating sulfate reduction by microorganisms that promoted a high potential for the conversion of Hg to MeHg. Reservoir outflow came from this zone at Monroe Lake and contributed to a tailwater concentration ratio for dissolved MeHg to Hg of 56 percent. Reservoir outflow at Patoka Lake was not from this zone, and dissolved MeHg was not detected in the tailwater. In contrast, samples from the summer pool at Brookville Lake had no MeHg detections even though Hg was detected, probably because the water pH higher than 7 inhibited sulfate reduction and did not promote the conversion of Hg to MeHg.</p>\n<p>Mercury and MeHg concentrations and the concentration ratios of MeHg to Hg in water varied among the six reservoirs in Indiana, and the differences were related to a combination of factors that could apply to other reservoirs. In areas with moderate to high rates of atmospheric Hg wet and dry deposition, Hg runoff and transport to streams and reservoirs was potentially highest for reservoirs with heavily forested watersheds in steep terrains of near-surface bedrock. Methylmercury concentrations and concentration ratios of MeHg to Hg were highest for reservoirs with the longest summer pools and highest inflow-to-outflow retention times, where water-chemistry conditions favoring sulfate reduction promoted conversion of Hg to MeHg.</p>\n<p>Methylmercury (reported as Hg) in fish-tissue samples collected for the State fish consumption advisory program was used to describe MeHg food-web accumulation and magnification in the reservoirs. The highest percentages of fish-tissue samples with Hg concentrations that exceeded the criterion of 0.30 milligram per kilogram for protection of human health were from Monroe Lake (38 percent) and Patoka Lake (33 percent). A review of the number and size of fish species caught from these two reservoirs resulted in two implications for fish consumption by humans. First, the highest numbers of fish harvested for potential human consumption were species more likely to have MeHg concentrations lower than the human-health criterion (crappie, bluegill, and catfish). Second, although largemouth bass were likely to have MeHg concentrations higher than the human-health criterion, they were caught and released more often than they were harvested. However, the average size largemouth bass (in both reservoirs) and above-average size walleye (in Monroe Lake) that were harvested for potential human consumption were likely to have MeHg concentrations higher than the human-health criterion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1813","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., and Fredericksen, A.L., 2015, Mercury and methylmercury in reservoirs in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1813, vii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1813.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032724","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1813.jpg"},{"id":300624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1813/pdf/pp1813.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1813/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Brookville Lake, Cagles Mill Lake, J. 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,{"id":70147546,"text":"ofr20151088 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:21:42.044949","indexId":"ofr20151088","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-20T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1088","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California","docAbstract":"<p>In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California&rsquo;s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 200 m) subsurface geology.</p>\n<p>Tomales Bay, approximately 20-km long and 1- to 2-km wide, formed along a submerged portion of the San Andreas Fault, which forms a right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. The fault juxtaposes Cretaceous granitic rock to the southwest (exposed on Tomales Point) with the Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan Complex to the northeast (exposed on the northeast coast of the Tomales Bay), and has an estimated slip rate of about 17 to 30 mm/yr in this area. The destructive great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8, 4/18/1906) is thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault about 60 km to the south, offshore of San Francisco, with the rupture extending northward through Tomales Bay and for an additional about 230 km to the south flank of Cape Mendocino.</p>\n<p>The northwest coast of Tomales Point is characterized by steep, high (as much as 100 m), barren, granitic cliffs and a rugged shoreline with a few small pocket beaches. There has been as much as 48 m of Tomales Point cliff retreat from 1929&ndash;30 to 2002. The granite is overlain by less resistant Tertiary sandstones at Kehoe Beach, the northern end of a continuous, wide, sandy beach backed by a large coastal dune field that extends for about 20 km south to Point Reyes Head. This long beach has a mixed history of accretion and retreat since the late 1800s.</p>\n<p>Tomales Point relief is asymmetrical so that most small coastal watersheds in the map area drain eastward from Inverness Ridge into Tomales Bay. Many of these steep drainages have small sandy beaches at their mouths. The east coast of Tomales Bay is characterized by more gentle, hummocky, hilly relief underlain by the landslide-prone Franciscan Complex. Keys Creek, the most prominent small watershed entering Tomales Bay from the east, has a small subaqueous delta at its mouth. Central Tomales Bay is relatively flat and underlain by fine sand and silt. The mouth of Tomales Bay is characterized by sand waves, dunes, and flats that have formed in response to strong tidal flow.</p>\n<p>Sand Point and Dillon Beach are located at the mouth of Tomales Bay and on the southeasternmost shores of Bodega Bay, respectively. The wide beach in this area is backed by an extensive (4.8 km<sup>2</sup>) sand-dune complex. The enormous volume of sand on the beach and in the dune field is derived from southward littoral drift. This sediment is trapped by Tomales Bay and Tomales Point, which function as the south end of the Bodega Bay littoral cell.</p>\n<p>The continental shelf in California&rsquo;s State Waters in the Offshore of Tomales Point map area extends to water depths of about 70 m (mean slope of about 0.7&deg;) and is characterized by extensive, rugged, rocky seafloor. Granitic seafloor has a massive and fractured texture, whereas seafloor sedimentary rock outcrops commonly form distinctive &ldquo;ribs&rdquo; created by differential seafloor erosion of dipping beds of variable resistance. Direct sediment supply to this shelf is minimal because littoral drift is blocked to the north by Tomales Bay and Tomales Point, and to the south by the Point Reyes headland.</p>\n<p>Circulation over the continental shelf in the map area (and in the broader northern California region) is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active. As a result, net flow over the continental shelf can be more southerly during the spring and summer and more northerly during the fall and winter.</p>\n<p>Throughout the year, this part of the central California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes&mdash;the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months (typically November through March), with wave heights at offshore buoys ranging from 2 to 10 m and wave periods ranging from 10 to 25 s. During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore Central America. Characteristically, these swells have smaller wave heights (0.3 to 3 m) and similarly long periods (range 10 to 25 s). Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, while local wind waves are most common from October to April. These two wind-wave regimes typically have wave heights of 1 to 4 m and short periods (3 to 10 s).</p>\n<p>Potential marine benthic habitats in the Offshore of Tomales Point map area range from unconsolidated continental-shelf sediment, to rocky continental-shelf substrate, to unconsolidated estuary sediments. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species. Dynamic bedforms, such as the sand waves at the mouth of Tomales Bay, are considered potential foraging habitat for juvenile lingcod and possibly migratory fishes, as well as for forage fish such as Pacific sand lance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151088","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Watt, J.T., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Krigsman, L., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chinn, J.L., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1088, Pamphlet: iv, 38 p.; 10 Sheets: 53 x 36 inches or smaller ; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151088.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 38 p.; 10 Sheets: 53 x 36 inches or smaller ; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055694","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151088.jpg"},{"id":399000,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101870.htm"},{"id":300622,"rank":14,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreTomalesPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreTomalesPoint.html","text":"Data Catalog—Offshore Tomales Point, California","description":"Data Catalog—Offshore Tomales Point, California","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300620,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Stephen R. Hartwell, Samuel Y. Johnson, and Michael W. Manson"},{"id":300619,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":300621,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/ofr2015-1088_metadata.html"},{"id":300611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":300613,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":300609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/"},{"id":300610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":300612,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":300614,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":300615,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":300616,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":300617,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, Bryan E. Dieter, Erik N. Lowe, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":300618,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Stephen R. Hartwell, and John L. 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,{"id":70155021,"text":"70155021 - 2015 - Self-noise models of five commercial strong-motion accelerometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T15:19:49","indexId":"70155021","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-20T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-noise models of five commercial strong-motion accelerometers","docAbstract":"<p>Strong‐motion accelerometers provide onscale seismic recordings during moderate‐to‐large ground motions (e.g., up to tens of m/s<sup>2</sup> peak). Such instruments have played a fundamental role in improving our understanding of earthquake source physics (Bock<i>etal.</i>, 2011), earthquake engineering (Youd<i>et al.</i>, 2004), and regional seismology (Zollo <i>et al.</i>, 2010). Although strong‐motion accelerometers tend to have higher noise levels than high‐quality broadband velocity seismometers, their higher clip‐levels provide linear recordings at near‐field sites even for the largest of events where a collocated broadband sensor would no longer be able to provide onscale recordings (Clinton and Heaton, 2002).</p>\n<p>Recently, the seismological community has begun to make use of strong‐motion accelerometer data even in the absence of large ground motions (e.g., Tibuleac <i>et al.</i>, 2011). The noise floor of the instruments often limits the usefulness of strong‐motion accelerometer data in such studies, because it obscures first arrivals or can make the traces dominated by noise. When a strong‐motion accelerometer is deployed in a quiet setting, the noise floors of the digitizer and the accelerometer tend to dominate the other noise sources (Cauzzi and Clinton, 2013). This situation is unlike that using broadband sensors, in which site conditions are typically the largest contributing source of noise in seismic data, especially at long periods (Wilson <i>et al.</i>, 2002). With the widespread deployment of strong‐motion accelerometers recorded on high resolution digitizers, it is now possible to get continuous high‐rate acceleration data in which the digitizer noise is not the dominant noise source (Cauzzi and Clinton, 2013).</p>\n<p>To better characterize the noise of a number of commonly deployed accelerometers in a standardized way, we conducted noise measurements on five different models of strong‐motion accelerometers. Our study was limited to traditional accelerometers (Fig. 1) and is in no way exhaustive.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0220150027","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Evans, J.R., and Hutt, C.R., 2015, Self-noise models of five commercial strong-motion accelerometers: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 4, p. 1143-1147, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150027.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1147","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065493","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b361b6e4b09a3b01b5dab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70146514,"text":"sim3327 - 2015 - Offshore geology and geomorphology from Point Piedras Blancas to Pismo Beach, San Luis Obispo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T17:39:30.321003","indexId":"sim3327","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3327","title":"Offshore geology and geomorphology from Point Piedras Blancas to Pismo Beach, San Luis Obispo County, California","docAbstract":"<p>Marine geology and geomorphology were mapped along the continental shelf and upper slope between Point Piedras Blancas and Pismo Beach, California. The map area is divided into the following three (smaller) map areas, listed from north to south: San Simeon, Morro Bay, and Point San Luis. Each smaller map area consists of a geologic map and the corresponding geophysical data that support the geologic mapping. Each geophysical data sheet includes shaded-relief multibeam bathymetry, seismic-reflection-survey tracklines, and residual magnetic anomalies, as well as a smaller version of the geologic map for reference. Offshore geologic units were delineated on the basis of integrated analysis of adjacent onshore geology, seafloor-sediment and rock samples, multibeam bathymetry and backscatter imagery, magnetic data, and high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles. Although the geologic maps are presented here at 1:35,000 scale, map interpretation was conducted at scales of between 1:6,000 and 1:12,000.</p>\n<p>Sea level was approximately 120 to 130 m lower during the Last Glacial Maximum (about 21 ka). This approximate depth corresponds to the modern shelf break, a lateral change from the gently dipping (0.8&deg; to 1.0&deg;) outer shelf to the slightly more steeply dipping (about 1.5&deg; to 2.5&deg;) upper slope in the central and northern parts of the map area. South of Point San Luis in San Luis Bay, deltaic deposits offshore of the mouth of the Santa Maria River (11 km south of the map area) have prograded across the shelf break and now form a continuous low-angle (about 0.8&deg;) ramp that extends to water depths of more than 160 m. The shelf break defines the landward boundary of slope deposits. North of Estero Bay, the shelf break is characterized by a distinctly sharp slope break that is mapped as a landslide headscarp above landslide deposits. Multibeam imagery and seismic-reflection profiles across this part of the shelf break show evidence of slope failure, such as slumping, sliding, and soft-sediment deformation, along the entire length of the scarp. Notably, this shelf-break scarp corresponds to a west splay of the Hosgri Fault that dies out just north of the scarp, suggesting that faulting is controlling the location (and instability) of the shelf break in this area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3327","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S., and Roberts, M., 2015, Offshore geology and geomorphology from Point Piedras Blancas to Pismo Beach, San Luis Obispo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3327, Pamphlet: iii, 6 p.; 6 Sheets: 49.0 x 36.26 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3327.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 6 p.; 6 Sheets: 49.0 x 36.26 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data catalog","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044298","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science 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Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R. 0000-0002-3522-7526 shartwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-7526","contributorId":138973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science 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,{"id":70148088,"text":"ofr20151041 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Drakes Bay and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:49:45.086535","indexId":"ofr20151041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1041","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Drakes Bay and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"<p>In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California&rsquo;s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.</p>\n<p>The Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area is located in northern California, about 30 km north of San Francisco and about 65 km south of Fort Ross. The map area is in the northern part of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, and it includes all or parts of four California Marine Protected Areas. The largely undeveloped onshore part of the map area, which occupies much of the southern and southeastern parts of the Point Reyes peninsula, is used primarily for grazing, as well as recreation, as it is home to the Point Reyes National Seashore. The triangular Point Reyes peninsula, which lies completely west of the San Andreas Fault Zone, is bounded by the steep terrain of Inverness Ridge along its northeastern margin, Tomales Point at its northernmost tip, Point Reyes at its southwesternmost point, and Bolinas at its southern end. The landscape in between includes (from southeast to northwest) the sandy beaches along Drakes Bay, the estuaries of Drakes Estero and Estero de Limantour, and the long, windswept Point Reyes Beach, which is backed by an extensive dune field.</p>\n<p>The seafloor in the map area generally extends from the shoreline to water depths of about 40 to 50 m, except for the area south of the Point Reyes headland where water depths reach 60 to 70 m. This bathymetric gradient south and west of the Point Reyes headland is related to north-side-up motion along the Point Reyes Fault Zone. Except for the bathymetric gradient across the Point Reyes Fault Zone, the bedrock platform in the nearshore and inner shelf areas (50 to 60 m depth) is relatively flat (less than 1.0&deg;) and is overlain by sand-sized to coarser grained sediment. Finer grained sediments are found in water depths greater than 60 m south of the Point Reyes headland, but they also extend into shallower (less than 40 m) water within Drakes Bay. Surficial and shallow sediments were deposited in the last about 21,000 years during the approximately 125-m sea-level rise that followed the last major lowstand associated with the Last Glacial Maximum, at which time the entire Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area was emergent and the shoreline was about 30 km south and west of the present-day shoreline.</p>\n<p>Tectonic influences that impact the shelf morphology and geology in the map area are related to local faulting, folding, uplift, and subsidence. Offshore of the Point Reyes headland, granitic basement rocks are offset vertically about 1.4 km along the Point Reyes Fault Zone; this uplift, combined with west-side-up offset on the San Andreas Fault Zone, has resulted in uplift of the Point Reyes peninsula and the adjacent shelf. Late Pleistocene uplift of marine terraces on the southern Point Reyes peninsula suggests active deformation of offshore structures west of the San Andreas Fault Zone. Pervasive stratal thinning within inferred uppermost Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits above the west strand of the Point Reyes Fault Zone suggests Quaternary active shortening of the curvilinear, northeast- to north-dipping Point Reyes Fault Zone. Lack of clear deformation in the uppermost Pleistocene and Holocene deposits suggests that activity along the Point Reyes Fault Zone has ceased or slowed since about 21,000 years ago.</p>\n<p>Seafloor habitats in the Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area range from unconsolidated continental-shelf sediment to hard substrate. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species.</p>\n<p>Circulation over the continental shelf in the map area is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active.</p>\n<p>Sediment transport in the map area largely is controlled by surface waves and tidal currents in the nearshore and, at depths greater than 20 to 30 m, by tidal and subtidal currents. In the map area, nearshore littoral drift of sand and coarse sediment is to the south, owing to the dominant west-northwest swell direction, and scour from large waves and tidal currents removes and redistributes sediment over large areas of the inner shelf. Tidal currents are particularly strong over the shelf in the map area, and they dominate the current regime in the nearshore. Further offshore, bottom currents generally flow to the northwest, distributing finer grained sediment accordingly.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151041","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., Dartnell, P., Golden, N., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Sliter, R.W., Krigsman, L., Lowe, E.N., and Chinn, J.L., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Drakes Bay and vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1041, Pamphlet: iv, 36 p.; 10 Sheets: 50.50 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151041.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 36 p.; 10 Sheets: 50.50 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054993","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151041.jpg"},{"id":399003,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101862.htm"},{"id":300567,"rank":14,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/DrakesBay/data_catalog_DrakesBay.html","text":"Data Catalog - Drakes Bay and Vicinity, California","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300566,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/ofr2015-1041_metadata.html","text":"Metadata","description":"Metadata"},{"id":300565,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Janet T. Watt, Michael W. Manson, and H. Gary Greene (50.5\" x 36\", 14 MB)"},{"id":300560,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane (46\" x 36\", 22 MB)"},{"id":300561,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. 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Sliter (45.5\" x 36\", 7.4 MB)"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Drakes Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.9656,\n              37.8786\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.765,\n              37.8786\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.765,\n              38.0378\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9656,\n              38.0378\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9656,\n              37.8786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c509ae4b0a92fa7eacbb8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547272,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547273,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":140828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. 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,{"id":70148089,"text":"70148089 - 2015 - Stable isotope values in pup vibrissae reveal geographic variation in diets of gestating Steller sea lions <i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T14:20:10","indexId":"70148089","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope values in pup vibrissae reveal geographic variation in diets of gestating Steller sea lions <i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multiple factors, including limitation in food resources, have been proposed as possible causes for the lack of recovery of the endangered western segment of the Steller sea lion population in the United States. Because maternal body condition has important consequences on fetal development and neonatal survival, the diets of pregnant females may be particularly important in regulating population sizes. We used the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of vibrissae from Steller sea lion pups as an indirect indicator of maternal diets during gestation. Combining these data with isotope data from potential prey species in a Bayesian mixing model, we generated proportional estimates of dietary consumption for key prey. Our analysis indicated that females in the most westerly metapopulations relied heavily on Atka mackerel and squid, whereas females inhabiting the Gulf of Alaska region had a fairly mixed diet, and the metapopulation of Southeast Alaska showed a strong reliance on forage fish. These results are similar to previous data from scat collections; however, they indicate a possible under-representation of soft-bodied prey (squid) or prey with fragile skeletons (forage fish) from analyses of data from scats. This study supports the utility of stable isotope modeling in predicting diet composition in gestating adult female Steller sea lions during winter, using pup vibrissae.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps11255","usgsCitation":"Scherer, R.D., Doll, A.C., Rea, L.D., Christ, A.M., Stricker, C.A., Witteveen, B., Kline, T.C., Kurle, C.M., and Wunder, M., 2015, Stable isotope values in pup vibrissae reveal geographic variation in diets of gestating Steller sea lions <i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 527, p. 261-274, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11255.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059940","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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,{"id":70118125,"text":"ds69T - 2015 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-23T16:41:37.727086","indexId":"ds69T","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"T","title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin. For this assessment, the Michigan Basin includes most of the State of Michigan, as well as parts of Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The assessment was based on the geologic elements of each of the six total petroleum systems defined in the basin, including (1) hydrocarbon source rocks (source-rock maturation and hydrocarbon generation and migration), (2) reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphy and petrophysical properties), and (3) hydrocarbon traps (trap formation and timing). Using this geologic framework, the USGS estimated mean technically recoverable undiscovered continuous and conventional resources that total 990 million barrels of oil, 11.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 219 million barrels of natural gas liquids.</span></p>\n<p><span>Digital Data Series 69-T (DDS-69-T) is cataloged in the Pubs Warehouse as Data Series 69-T (DS-69-T).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69T","collaboration":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Michigan Basin Province Assessment Team, Swezey, C., Hatch, J.R., Hayba, D.O., Repetski, J.E., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Klett, T., Pollastro, R.M., Anderson, C.P., Schenk, C.J., East, J.A., and Le, P., 2015, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: 4 Chapters, variously paged; Michigan Basin Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69T.","productDescription":"Report: 4 Chapters, variously paged; Michigan Basin Database","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051493","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431358,"rank":11,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FWY4IK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessment Units"},{"id":431357,"rank":10,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SA4WCO","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Quarter-Mile Cells"},{"id":431356,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G68G8G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Total Petroleum Systems"},{"id":431355,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KPKOPB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Boundary"},{"id":300523,"rank":6,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/REPORTS/DDS-69-T_Chapter4.pdf","text":"Chapter 4","size":"362 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 4","linkHelpText":"- The GIS Project for the Petroleum Systems and Assessment of the U.S. Portion of the Michigan Basin"},{"id":300520,"rank":3,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/REPORTS/DDS-69-T_Chapter1.pdf","text":"Chapter 1","size":"2.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 1","linkHelpText":"- Executive Summary—Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the U.S. Portion of the Michigan Basin"},{"id":300519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/OPEN_FIRST/OPEN_FIRST.pdf"},{"id":300505,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70146632,"text":"sim3326 - 2015 - Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T16:08:43","indexId":"sim3326","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3326","title":"Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with State and local agencies, systematically collects groundwater data at varying measurement frequencies to monitor the hydrologic conditions on Long Island, New York. Each year during April and May, the USGS conducts a synoptic survey of water levels to define the spatial distribution of the water table and potentiometric surfaces within the three main water-bearing units underlying Long Island&mdash;the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers (Smolensky and others, 1989)&mdash;and the hydraulically connected Jameco (Soren, 1971) and North Shore aquifers (Stumm, 2001). These data and the maps constructed from them are commonly used in studies of Long Island's hydrology and are utilized by water managers and suppliers for aquifer management and planning purposes.</p>\n<p>Water-level measurements made in 502 monitoring wells (observation and supply wells) and 16 streamgage locations across Long Island during April&ndash;May 2013 were used to prepare the maps in this report. Groundwater measurements were made by the wetted-tape method to the nearest hundredth of a foot. Contours of water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes were created by using the groundwater measurements. The water-table contours were interpreted by using water-level data collected from 16 streamgages, 334 observation wells, and 1 supply well screened in the upper glacial aquifer or the shallow Magothy aquifer; the Magothy aquifer's potentiometric-surface contours were interpreted from measurements at 70 observation wells and 31 supply wells screened in the middle to deep Magothy aquifer and the contiguous and hydraulically connected Jameco aquifer. The Lloyd aquifer's potentiometric-surface contours were interpreted from measurements at 58 observation wells and 8 supply wells screened in the Lloyd aquifer and the contiguous and hydraulically connected North Shore aquifer. Many of the supply wells are in continuous operation and therefore, were turned off for a minimum of 24 hours before measurements were made to allow the water levels in the wells to recover to ambient (non-pumping) conditions. Full recovery time at some of these supply wells can exceed 24 hours; therefore, water levels measured at these wells are assumed to be less accurate than those measured at observation wells, which are not pumped (Busciolano, 2002). In addition to pumping stresses, elevated chloride concentrations (saline water) also lower the water levels measured in certain wells. This reduction in water level is the result of saline water being denser than freshwater (Lusczynski, 1961). In this report, all water-level altitudes are referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29).</p>\n<p>The land surface or topography was downloaded from the National Map portal (http://nationalmap.gov), which represents the most currently available terrain representation as a 10-meter digital elevation model (DEM). The National Map terrain representation was combined with additional land surface terrain models of Suffolk County and New York City, which were collected using lidar to produce a high accuracy three-dimensional land surface altitude model based on the geospatial product for coastal flood mapping. The datum for land surface altitude is North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). On Long Island NAVD 88 is approximately 1-foot lower than NGVD 29.</p>\n<p>Hydrographs are included on these maps for selected wells that have digital recording equipment. These hydrographs are representative of the 2013 water year to show the changes that have occurred throughout that period. The synoptic survey water level measured at the well is included on each hydrograph.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3326","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Long Island Water Conference, Nassau County Department of Public Works, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Port Washington Water District, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Towns of North Hempstead and Shelter Island, Manhasset-Lakeville Water District, Nassau Suffolk Water Commissioners Association, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Sands Point Water Department, Suffolk County Water Authority, Water Authority of Great Neck North","usgsCitation":"Como, M.D., Noll, M.L., Finkelstein, J.S., Monti, J., and Busciolano, R., 2015, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3326, Pamphlet: 8 p.; 4 Plates: 72.0 x 34.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3326.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 8 p.; 4 Plates: 72.0 x 34.0 inches","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-04-01","temporalEnd":"2013-05-31","ipdsId":"IP-060337","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3326.JPG"},{"id":300535,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326_s1p.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 (Water table)","size":"11.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"72\" X 34\" Print size (11.3 MB)","linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Sheet 1"},{"id":300533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/"},{"id":300538,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326_s4p.pdf","text":"Sheet 4 (Depth to water table)","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"72\" X 34\" Print size (11.1 MB)","linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Sheet 4"},{"id":300534,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326.pdf","text":"Text Pamphlet","size":"78 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Text"},{"id":300536,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326_s2p.pdf","text":"Sheet 2 (Potentiometric surface in the Magothy and Jameco aquifers)","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"72\" X 34\" Print size (11.2 MB)","linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Sheet 2"},{"id":300537,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326_s3p.pdf","text":"Sheet 3 (Potentiometric surface in the Lloyd and North Shore aquifers)","size":"17.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"72\" X 34\" Print size (17.8 MB)","linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Sheet 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.80615234375,\n              40.80965166748856\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.9434814453125,\n              40.78054143186031\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.014892578125,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.0643310546875,\n        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0000-0002-7911-5390 mcomo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-5390","contributorId":4651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Como","given":"Michael","email":"mcomo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noll, Michael L. 0000-0003-2050-3134 mnoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3134","contributorId":4652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noll","given":"Michael","email":"mnoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelstein, Jason S. 0000-0002-7496-7236 jfinkels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-7236","contributorId":4949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelstein","given":"Jason","email":"jfinkels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monti, Jack Jr. jmonti@usgs.gov","contributorId":1185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jmonti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Busciolano, Ronald 0000-0002-9257-8453 rjbuscio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-8453","contributorId":1059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busciolano","given":"Ronald","email":"rjbuscio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70147837,"text":"ofr20151090 - 2015 - In-reservoir behavior, dam passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead from Detroit Reservoir and Dam to Portland, Oregon, February 2013-February 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T14:32:07","indexId":"ofr20151090","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1090","title":"In-reservoir behavior, dam passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead from Detroit Reservoir and Dam to Portland, Oregon, February 2013-February 2014","docAbstract":"<p>In the second year of 2 years of study, the movements of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) and juvenile summer steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) through Detroit Reservoir, passing Detroit Dam, and migrating downstream to Portland, Oregon, were studied during a 1-year-long period beginning in February 2013. The primary purpose of the study was to provide empirical data to inform decisions about future alternatives for improving downstream passage of salmonids at Detroit Dam. A secondary purpose was to design and assess the performance of a system to detect juvenile salmonids implanted with acoustic transmitters migrating in the Willamette River. Inferences about fish migration were made from detections of juvenile fish of hatchery origin at least 95 millimeters in fork length surgically implanted with an acoustic transmitter and released during the spring (March&ndash;May) and fall (September&ndash;November) of 2013. Detection sites were placed throughout the reservoir, near the dam, and at two sites in the North Santiam River and at three sites in the Willamette River culminating at Portland, Oregon. We based most inferences on an analysis period up to the 90th percentile of tag life (68&ndash;78 days after release, depending on species and season), although a small number of fish passed after that period as late as April 8, 2014. Chinook salmon migrated from the tributaries of release to the reservoir in greater proportion than steelhead, particularly in the fall. The in-reservoir migration behaviors and dam passage of the two species were similar during the spring study, but during the fall study, few steelhead reached the reservoir and none passed the dam within the analysis period. Migrations in the reservoir were directed and non-random, except in the forebay. Depths of fish within 25 meters of the dam were deeper in the day than at night for Chinook salmon and similar in the day and night for steelhead; steelhead generally were at shallower depths than Chinook salmon. The primary factors affecting dam passage rates were seasonal dam operating conditions and diel period. Fish passage rates were much greater during the spring and summer than in the fall and winter, and the difference was attributed to the availability and use of the spillway near the top of the dam during the spring and summer. The flood-control purpose of the reservoir prevented spillway use during much of the fall and winter because of the low forebay elevation. Passage rates at night were greater than in the day during spring and summer (4.2 times) and during the fall and winter (14.9 times). Fish length, dam discharge, and forebay elevation also affected dam passage rates. Travel times from Detroit Dam passage to the downstream sites were shorter during the fall and winter than during the spring and summer, and were less than a median of 8.68 days to Portland. The estimated survival in the 11 kilometers (km) between Detroit Dam and the Minto Dam forebay was lower than in the remaining 241 km to the Portland site. Estimated survival per 100 km in the free-flowing reach from Minto Dam to Portland was 0.675&ndash;0.836, depending on species and season, and was similar to other free-flowing rivers in the Western United States. The high probability of fish in the reservoir reaching the dam, the chance for repeated presence near the dam, the fish depths, and the factors known to affect passage rates suggest that a properly designed surface passage route could be a viable downstream passage alternative for juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead at Detroit Dam.</p>\n<p>As part of the evaluations conducted at Detroit Dam, we continued to refine and improve methods for monitoring fish movements in the Willamette River. The goal was to develop stable, cost-effective, long-term monitoring arrays suitable for detection of any Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS)-tagged fish in the Willamette River. These data then could be used to estimate timing, migration rates, and survival of JSATS-tagged fish from various studies in the Willamette River Basin. The challenge, however, is that acoustic telemetry generally performs poorly in shallow, turbulent water, like that found in the Willamette River. We successfully designed, deployed, and maintained a series of monitoring sites near the Oregon cities of Salem, Wilsonville, and Portland. In the spring, detection probabilities at these sites ranged from 0.900 to 1.000. In the fall, the detection probabilities decreased and ranged from 0.526 to 1.000. The lower detection probabilities, particularly at the Salem site (0.526), were owing to loss of data caused by abnormally high flows as well as the 2013 Federal government shutdown, which prevented us from servicing the equipment. The monitoring sites that we installed seem to be robust and enable the efficient use of acoustic-tagged fish for studies of migration or survival in the Willamette River and similar environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., and Adams, N.S., 2015, In-reservoir behavior, dam passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead from Detroit Reservoir and Dam to Portland, Oregon, February 2013-February 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1090, ix, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151090.","productDescription":"ix, 92 p.","numberOfPages":"105","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-02-01","temporalEnd":"2014-02-28","ipdsId":"IP-060688","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151090.jpg"},{"id":300473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1090/"},{"id":300474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1090/pdf/ofr2015-1090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Detroit Reservoir, North Santiam River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.44125366210936,\n              44.66865287227321\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.44125366210936,\n              44.76184913125266\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              44.76184913125266\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              44.66865287227321\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.44125366210936,\n              44.66865287227321\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70145686,"text":"ofr20151068 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series  — Offshore of San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:08:37.146111","indexId":"ofr20151068","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1068","title":"California State Waters Map Series  — Offshore of San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"<p>In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California&rsquo;s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.</p>\n<p>The Offshore of San Francisco map area is centered on the City of San Francisco and the Golden Gate channel, a waterway that connects the Pacific Ocean to the San Francisco Bay between the Marin Headlands and San Francisco Peninsula. The San Francisco Bay Area is the second-largest urban area on the U.S. West Coast with a combined population of over seven million. The bay supports several major cargo ports and the Port of San Francisco&rsquo;s Fisherman&rsquo;s Wharf is a major center for Northern California&rsquo;s commercial and sport fishing fleets. The coastal part of the map area predominantly consists of high bluffs and vertical sea cliffs shaped by uplift and erosion of the Marin Headlands and San Francisco Peninsula east of the San Andreas and San Gregorio Fault Zones.</p>\n<p>The seafloor in the map area extends from the shoreline and western end of the Golden Gate channel to water depths of about 30 to 50 m, except for the San Andreas graben area, where water depths reach 75 m. Sea-level rise, tidal currents, and tectonics have shaped bathymetry in the map area. During the Last Glacial Maximum, Sea level was about 125 m lower than present day and the shoreline was more than 45 km west of San Francisco near the Farallon Islands. At that time, the map area was part of a large alluvial plain connected to a drainage basin that included much of California&rsquo;s Central Valley. A river system flowed westward through the narrows of the Golden Gate channel and an alluvial valley bounded to the north and south by bedrock highlands, including the present-day Pacifica-Pescadero and Bolinas shelves. Rising seas entered the Golden Gate about 11,000 to 10,000 years ago and subsequent marine flooding led to progressive growth of the San Francisco Bay. Strong tidal currents, accelerating through the relatively narrow Golden Gate, have scoured the bedrock channel to a depth of 113 m. East and west of the channel, tidal currents decelerate and form large fields of sand waves. Offshore of the Marin Headlands, eastward transfer of right-lateral fault slip in a complex of faults northwest of the map area has caused extension and the formation of a sediment basin called the San Andreas graben on the continental shelf. The accommodation space created by extension on the shelf and the proximity to sediment transported to the ocean through San Francisco Bay results in a sand-dominated offshore shelf environment.</p>\n<p>Seafloor habitats in the Offshore of San Francisco map area comprise significant sand-dominated sediment habitat with sand wave and ripple bedforms indicative of high wave and current energy. North of the Golden Gate, biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin&rsquo;s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. For the first time in 65 years, Pacific Harbor Porpoise returned to San Francisco Bay in 2009. On the coast north of the Golden Gate, the large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of &ldquo;bull kelp,&rdquo; which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include painted greenling, kelp greenling, lingcod, and several varieties of rockfish.</p>\n<p>Circulation over the continental shelf in the Offshore of San Francisco map area is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint offshore of central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface waters southeastward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. Ocean temperatures offshore of central California have increased over the past 50 years, driving an ecosystem shift from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151068","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Endris, C.A., Manson, M., Sliter, R.W., Kvitek, R.G., Watt, J.T., Ross, S.L., and Bruns, T.R., 2015, California State Waters Map Series  — Offshore of San Francisco, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1068, Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151068.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052334","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300503,"rank":13,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151068.jpg"},{"id":398998,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101859.htm"},{"id":300502,"rank":15,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSanFrancisco/data_catalog_OffshoreSanFrancisco.html","text":"Data Catalog: Offshore of San Francisco, California (Data Series 781)","description":"Data Catalog: Offshore of San Francisco, California (Data Series 781)","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300496,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":300495,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":300493,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. 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pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. 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,{"id":70143172,"text":"ofr20151049 - 2015 - Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T11:07:21","indexId":"ofr20151049","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1049","title":"Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Pressure Water Level Data Logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc., was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility for conformance with the manufacturer&rsquo;s stated accuracy specifications for measuring pressure throughout the device&rsquo;s operating temperature range and with the USGS accuracy requirements for water-level measurements. The Pressure Water Level Data Logger (Infinities Logger) is a submersible, sealed, water-level sensing device with an operating pressure range of 0 to 11.5 feet of water over a temperature range of &minus;18 to 49 degrees Celsius. For the pressure range tested, the manufacturer&rsquo;s accuracy specification of 0.1 percent of full scale pressure equals an accuracy of &plusmn;0.138 inch of water. Three Infinities Loggers were evaluated, and the testing procedures followed and results obtained are described in this report. On the basis of the test results, the device is poorly compensated for temperature. For the three Infinities Loggers, the mean pressure differences varied from &ndash;4.04 to 5.32 inches of water and were not within the manufacturer&rsquo;s accuracy specification for pressure measurements made within the temperature-compensated range. The device did not meet the manufacturer&rsquo;s stated accuracy specifications for pressure within its temperature-compensated operating range of &ndash;18 to 49 degrees Celsius or the USGS accuracy requirements of no more than 0.12 inch of water (0.01 foot of water) or 0.10 percent of reading, whichever is larger. The USGS accuracy requirements are routinely examined and reported when instruments are evaluated at the Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility. The estimated combined measurement uncertainty for the pressure cycling test was &plusmn;0.139 inch of water, and for temperature, the cycling test was &plusmn;0.127 inch of water for the three Infinities Loggers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151049","usgsCitation":"Carnley, M.V., 2015, Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1049, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151049.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059926","costCenters":[{"id":339,"text":"Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151049.jpg"},{"id":300467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1049/"},{"id":300468,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1049/pdf/ofr2015-1049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"974 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carnley, Mark V. mcarnley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carnley","given":"Mark","email":"mcarnley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70138888,"text":"sir20145238 - 2015 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T09:11:07","indexId":"sir20145238","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5238","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit was investigated as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board&rsquo;s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project. The study was designed to provide a statistically unbiased assessment of untreated groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system. The depth of the primary aquifer system for the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit was delineated by the depths of the screened or open intervals of wells in the State of California&rsquo;s database of public-supply wells. Two types of assessments were made: a<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>status assessment</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>that described the current quality of the groundwater resource, and an<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>understanding assessment</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>that made evaluations of relations between groundwater quality and potential explanatory factors representing characteristics of the primary aquifer system. The assessments characterize the quality of untreated groundwater, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water distributors.</p>\n<p>The<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>status assessment</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>was based on water-quality data collected in 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey from 90 wells and springs (USGS-grid wells) and on water-quality data compiled from the State of California&rsquo;s regulatory compliance database for samples collected from 240 public-supply wells between September 2007 and September 2010. To provide context, the water-quality data discussed in this report were compared to California and Federal drinking-water regulatory and non-regulatory benchmarks for treated drinking water. Groundwater quality is defined in terms of relative concentrations (RCs), which are calculated by dividing the concentration of a constituent in groundwater by the concentration of the benchmark for that constituent. The RCs for inorganic constituents (major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and radioactive constituents) were classified as &ldquo;high&rdquo; (the RC is greater than 1.0, indicating that the concentration is above the benchmark), &ldquo;moderate&rdquo; (the RC is from 1.0 to greater than 0.5), or &ldquo;low&rdquo; (the RC is less than or equal to 0.5). For organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest constituents (perchlorate), the boundary between moderate and low RCs was set at 0.1. All benchmarks used for organic constituents were health-based. For inorganic constituents, health-based and aesthetic-based benchmarks were used. Constituents without benchmarks were not considered in the<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>status assessment</i>.</p>\n<p>The primary metric used for quantifying regional-scale groundwater quality was the aquifer-scale proportion&mdash;the areal percentages of the primary aquifer system with high, moderate, and low RCs for a given constituent or class of constituents. The study unit was divided into six study areas on the basis of geologic differences (Eastside Sacramento Valley, Honey Lake Valley groundwater basin, Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau Low Use Basins, Quaternary Volcanic Areas, Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic Area, and Tertiary Volcanic Areas), and each study area was divided into equal-area grid cells. Aquifer-scale proportions were calculated for individual constituents and constituent classes for each of the six study areas and for the study unit as a whole by using grid-based (one well per cell) and spatially weighted (many wells per cell) statistical methods.</p>\n<p>The<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>status assessment</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>showed that inorganic constituents were present at high and moderate RCs in greater proportions of the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit than were organic constituents. One or more inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 9.4 percent, and at moderate RCs in 14.7 percent of the primary aquifer system. Arsenic was present at high RCs in approximately 3 percent of the primary aquifer system; boron, molybdenum, uranium, and vanadium each were present at high RCs in approximately 2 percent of the primary aquifer system. One or more inorganic constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 15.1 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 4.9 percent. Manganese, iron, and total dissolved solids were present at high RCs in approximately 12 percent, 5 percent, and 2 percent, respectively, of the primary aquifer system.</p>\n<p>Organic constituents were not detected at high or moderate RCs in the primary aquifer system, and one or more organic constituents were detected at low RCs in approximately 40 percent of the primary aquifer system.</p>\n<p>Two classes of organic constituents were detected in more than 10 percent of the primary aquifer system: trihalomethanes (chloroform only) and herbicides. The special interest constituent perchlorate was not detected at high RCs, but was detected at moderate RCs in approximately 2 percent of the primary aquifer system.</p>\n<p><span>The<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>understanding assessment</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>relied on statistical tests to evaluate relations between concentrations of constituents and values of potential explanatory factors representing geology, land use, well construction, hydrologic conditions, groundwater age, and geochemical conditions.</span></p>\n<p>The majority of the high and moderate RCs of arsenic, boron, molybdenum, uranium, and total dissolved solids were in samples from the Honey Lake Valley groundwater basin study area. Groundwater mixing with hydrothermal fluids present in the study area, evaporative concentration of groundwater in the Honey Lake playa, presence of uranium-bearing sediment derived from the adjacent Sierra Nevada, and release of arsenic and other trace elements from sediments under high pH and low dissolved oxygen conditions all appeared to contribute to these elevated concentrations. Thermal springs are in many parts of the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit and could account for locally elevated concentrations of arsenic, boron, molybdenum, and total dissolved solids in samples from the other study areas. Vanadium concentrations were greater in oxic samples than in anoxic samples, but were not correlated with pH, contrary to expectations from previous studies.</p>\n<p>Organic constituents were not detected at high or moderate RCs, and the occurrence of low organic constituents at low RCs ranged from 27 percent to 73 percent of the primary aquifers system in the six study areas. The Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic study area had significantly greater occurrence of low RCs of herbicides compared to all of the other study areas, which could reflect the greater prevalence of modern groundwater in the Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic study area and the presence of potential sources of herbicides, including applications to timberlands and roadside rights-of-way. The Eastside Sacramento Valley study area had the greatest occurrence of low concentrations of chloroform, and chloroform occurrence was most strongly associated with the combination of septic-tank density greater than two tanks per square kilometer and urban land use greater than 10 percent within a radius of 500 meters of the well. These conditions were most prevalent in the Eastside Sacramento Valley study area. The detection frequency of low concentrations of perchlorate was consistent with the probability of occurrence expected under natural conditions, except in the Eastside Sacramento Valley study area, where detection frequencies were much higher than expected and could not be explained by known anthropogenic sources of perchlorate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Shelton, J.L., 2015, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5238, xii, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145238.","productDescription":"xii, 131 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173594,"text":"70173594 - 2015 - An evaluation of the efficiency of minnow traps for estimating the abundance of minnows in desert spring systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T17:02:18","indexId":"70173594","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the efficiency of minnow traps for estimating the abundance of minnows in desert spring systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Desert springs are sensitive aquatic ecosystems that pose unique challenges to natural resource managers and researchers. Among the most important of these is the need to accurately quantify population parameters for resident fish, particularly when the species are of special conservation concern. We evaluated the efficiency of baited minnow traps for estimating the abundance of two at-risk species, Foskett Speckled Dace&nbsp;</span><i>Rhinichthys osculus</i><span>&nbsp;ssp. and Borax Lake Chub&nbsp;</span><i>Gila boraxobius</i><span>, in desert spring systems in southeastern Oregon. We evaluated alternative sample designs using simulation and found that capture&ndash;recapture designs with four capture occasions would maximize the accuracy of estimates and minimize fish handling. We implemented the design and estimated capture and recapture probabilities using the Huggins closed-capture estimator. Trap capture probabilities averaged 23% and 26% for Foskett Speckled Dace and Borax Lake Chub, respectively, but differed substantially among sample locations, through time, and nonlinearly with fish body size. Recapture probabilities for Foskett Speckled Dace were, on average, 1.6&nbsp;times greater than (first) capture probabilities, suggesting &ldquo;trap-happy&rdquo; behavior. Comparison of population estimates from the Huggins model with the commonly used Lincoln&ndash;Petersen estimator indicated that the latter underestimated Foskett Speckled Dace and Borax Lake Chub population size by 48% and by 20%, respectively. These biases were due to variability in capture and recapture probabilities. Simulation of fish monitoring that included the range of capture and recapture probabilities observed indicated that variability in capture and recapture probabilities in time negatively affected the ability to detect annual decreases by up to 20% in fish population size. Failure to account for variability in capture and recapture probabilities can lead to poor quality data and study inferences. Therefore, we recommend that fishery researchers and managers employ sample designs and estimators that can account for this variability.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1017125","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., Scheerer, P.D., and Clements, S., 2015, An evaluation of the efficiency of minnow traps for estimating the abundance of minnows in desert spring systems: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 3, p. 491-502, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1017125.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"502","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059417","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Borax Lake, Foskett Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.61395597457886,\n              42.32103329504342\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.61395597457886,\n              42.330012504076684\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.59790563583373,\n              42.330012504076684\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.59790563583373,\n              42.32103329504342\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.61395597457886,\n              42.32103329504342\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a932fe4b04f417c275120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheerer, Paul D.","contributorId":171713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheerer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clements, Shaun","contributorId":171685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clements","given":"Shaun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147790,"text":"sir20155069 - 2015 - Water-quality characteristics of stormwater runoff in Rapid City, South Dakota, 2008-14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:04:04","indexId":"sir20155069","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-15T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5069","title":"Water-quality characteristics of stormwater runoff in Rapid City, South Dakota, 2008-14","docAbstract":"<p>The water quality of Rapid Creek is important because the reach that flows through Rapid City, South Dakota, is a valuable spawning area for a self-sustaining trout fishery, actively used for recreation, and a seasonal municipal water supply for the City of Rapid City. This report presents the current (2008&ndash;14) water-quality characteristics of urban stormwater runoff in selected drainage networks within the City of Rapid City, and provides an evaluation of the pollutant reductions of wetland channels implemented as a best-management practice. Stormwater runoff data were collected at nine sites in three drainage basins within Rapid City: the Arrowhead (2 monitoring sites), Meade-Hawthorne (1 monitoring site), and Downtown (6 monitoring sites) drainage basins. Stormwater runoff was evaluated for concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and bacteria at sites in the Arrowhead and Meade-Hawthorne drainage basins, and for concentrations of TSS, chloride, bacteria, nutrients, and metals at sites in the Downtown drainage basin.</p>\n<p>For the Arrowhead and Meade-Hawthorne sites, event-mean concentrations typically exceeded the TSS and bacteria beneficial-use criteria for Rapid Creek by 1&ndash;2 orders of magnitude. Comparing the two drainage basins, median TSS event-mean concentrations were more than two times greater at the Meade-Hawthorne outlet (520 milligrams per liter) than the Arrowhead outlet (200 milligrams per liter). Median fecal coliform bacteria event-mean concentrations also were greater at the Meade-Hawthorne outlet site (30,000 colony forming units per 100 milliliters) than the Arrowhead outlet site (17,000 colony forming units per 100 milliliters). A comparison to relevant standards indicates that stormwater runoff from the Downtown drainage basin exceeded criteria for bacteria and TSS, but concentrations generally were below standards for nutrients and metals. Stormwater-quality conditions from the Downtown drainage basin outfalls were similar to or better than stormwater-quality conditions observed in the Arrowhead and Meade-Hawthorne drainage basins. Three wetland channels located at the outlet of the Downtown drainage basin were evaluated for their pollutant reduction capability. Mean reductions in TSS and lead concentrations were greater than 40 percent for all three wetland channels. Total nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and zinc concentrations also were reduced by at least 20 percent at all three wetlands. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations typically were reduced by about 21 and 36 percent at the 1st and 2nd Street wetlands, respectively, but the reduction at the 3rd Street wetland channel was nearly zero percent. Total wetland storage volume affected pollutant reductions because TSS, phosphorus, and ammonia reductions were greatest in the wetland with the greatest volume. Chloride concentrations typically increased from inflow to outflow at the 2nd and 3rd Street wetland channels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Rapid City","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G., 2015, Water-quality characteristics of stormwater runoff in Rapid City, South Dakota, 2008-14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5069, Report: vi, 27 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155069.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-062139","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155069.jpg"},{"id":300424,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5069/pdf/sir2015-5069.pdf","size":"2.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":300425,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5069/downloads/sir2015-5069_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"65 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":300423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5069/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 13 North","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Rapid City","otherGeospatial":"Arrowhead drainage basin, Meade-Hawthorne drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      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,{"id":70144699,"text":"sir20155034 - 2015 - Reducing cross-sectional data using a genetic algorithm method and effects on cross-section geometry and steady-flow profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-14T10:43:17","indexId":"sir20155034","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-14T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5034","title":"Reducing cross-sectional data using a genetic algorithm method and effects on cross-section geometry and steady-flow profiles","docAbstract":"<p>Reduction of cross-sectional data using a genetic algorithm method, and the effects of data reduction on channel geometry and steady-flow profiles, were analyzed. Two reduction methods─standard and genetic algorithms─were used to reduce cross-sectional data from the Kootenai River in northern Idaho. Cross sections that are representative of meander, straight, braided, and canyon reaches were used to evalutate the reduction methods. Visual and hydraulic analyses were used to assess the methods. The genetic algorithm-reduced cross sections approximated the shape of the original cross sections better than the standard-reduced cross sections. A greater number of cross-sectional data points were needed for reduced cross sections in the straight reach, and even more in the braided reach, because a greater amount of data points are needed to adequately define cross sections that have greater topographic varability. For the genetic algorithm-reduction method, about 40 data points were needed to adequately define the shape of a reduced cross section in the braided reach compared to 10 to 20 data points in the meander and canyon reaches. The standard-reduction method needed about 70 data points for the braided reach and more than 30 points for the meander and canyon reaches. The genetic algorithm can effectively reduce data while staying within the threshold set by the maximum number of points to be included in the reduced dataset.</p>\n<p>The effects of reduced cross-sectional data points on steady-flow profiles were also determined. Thirty-five cross sections of the original steady-flow model of the Kootenai River were used. These two methods were tested for all cross sections with each cross section resolution reduced to 10, 20 and 30 data points, that is, six tests were completed for each of the thirty-five cross sections. Generally, differences from the original water-surface elevation were smaller as the number of data points in reduced cross sections increased, but this was not always the case, especially in the braided reach. Differences were smaller for reduced cross sections developed by the genetic algorithm method than the standard algorithm method.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155034","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C.E., 2015, Reducing cross-sectional data using a genetic algorithm method and effects on cross-section geometry and steady-flow profiles: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5034, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155034.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040903","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155034.jpg"},{"id":300403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5034/"},{"id":300404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5034/pdf/sir2015-5034.pdf","size":"639 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5555b938e4b0a92fa7e9512e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles E. ceberenb@usgs.gov","contributorId":857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"ceberenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":543786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70147619,"text":"ds936 - 2015 - High-resolution digital elevation model of lower Cowlitz and Toutle Rivers, adjacent to Mount St. Helens, Washington, based on an airborne lidar survey of October 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-14T09:38:52","indexId":"ds936","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-14T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"936","title":"High-resolution digital elevation model of lower Cowlitz and Toutle Rivers, adjacent to Mount St. Helens, Washington, based on an airborne lidar survey of October 2007","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lateral blast, debris avalanche, and lahars of the May 18th, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, dramatically altered the surrounding landscape. Lava domes were extruded during the subsequent eruptive periods of 1980&ndash;1986 and 2004&ndash;2008. More than three decades after the emplacement of the 1980 debris avalanche, high sediment production persists in the Toutle River basin, which drains the northern and western flanks of the volcano. Because this sediment increases the risk of flooding to downstream communities on the Toutle and lower Cowlitz Rivers, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), under the direction of Congress to maintain an authorized level of flood protection, continues to monitor and mitigate excess sediment in North and South Fork Toutle River basins to help reduce this risk and to prevent sediment from clogging the shipping channel of the Columbia River. From October 22&ndash;27, 2007, Watershed Sciences, Inc., under contract to USACE, collected high-precision airborne lidar (light detection and ranging) data that cover 273 square kilometers (105 square miles) of lower Cowlitz and Toutle River tributaries from the Columbia River at Kelso, Washington, to upper North Fork Toutle River (below the volcano's edifice), including lower South Fork Toutle River. These data provide a digital dataset of the ground surface, including beneath forest cover. Such remotely sensed data can be used to develop sediment budgets and models of sediment erosion, transport, and deposition. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used these lidar data to develop digital elevation models (DEMs) of the study area. DEMs are fundamental to monitoring natural hazards and studying volcanic landforms, fluvial and glacial geomorphology, and surface geology. Watershed Sciences, Inc., provided files in the LASer (LAS) format containing laser returns that had been filtered, classified, and georeferenced. The USGS produced a hydro-flattened DEM from ground-classified points at Castle and Coldwater Lakes. Final results averaged about two laser last-return points per square meter. As reported by Watershed Sciences, Inc., vertical accuracy is 10 centimeters (cm) at the 95-percent confidence interval on bare road surfaces; however, over natural terrain, USGS found vertical accuracy to be 10&ndash;50 cm. This USGS data series contains the bare-earth lidar data as 1- and 10-meter (m) resolution Esri grid files. Digital-elevation data can be downloaded (1m_DEM.zip and 10m_DEM.zip), as well as a 1-m resolution hillshade image with pyramids (1m_hillshade.zip). These geospatial data files require geographic information system (GIS) software for viewing.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds936","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Mosbrucker, A.R., 2015, High-resolution digital elevation model of lower Cowlitz and Toutle Rivers, adjacent to Mount St. Helens, Washington, based on an airborne lidar survey of October 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 936, Delivery Report: 19 p.; Readme; 1m DEM data; 10m DEM data; 1m hillshade image; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds936.","productDescription":"Delivery Report: 19 p.; Readme; 1m DEM data; 10m DEM data; 1m hillshade image; Metadata","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050821","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds936.gif"},{"id":300396,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0936/1_readme.txt","size":"6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":300397,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0936/downloads/MSH2007_delivery_report.pdf","text":"Delivery Report","size":"481 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Delivery Report","linkHelpText":"Report by Watershed Sciences, Inc., under contract to USACE, on high-precision airborne lidar data collected October 22 through 27, 2007."},{"id":300398,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0936/downloads/1m_DEM.zip","text":"1m DEM","size":"830 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"1m DEM","linkHelpText":"Digital-elevation data using bare-earth lidar data as 1-m resolution Esri grid files. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":300399,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0936/downloads/10m_DEM.zip","text":"10m DEM","size":"9.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"10m DEM","linkHelpText":"Digital-elevation data using bare-earth lidar data as 10-m resolution Esri grid files. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":300400,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0936/downloads/1m_hillshade.zip","text":"1m hillshade","size":"286.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"1m hillshade","linkHelpText":"1-m resolution hillshade image with pyramids. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":300401,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0936/FGDC_Metadata.txt","size":"16 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":300394,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0936/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10N","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz River, Mount St. Helens, Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.87178039550781,\n              46.04988442384352\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.93907165527342,\n              46.11037360219252\n            ],\n            [\n              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amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70148056,"text":"70148056 - 2015 - The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T07:47:08","indexId":"70148056","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evidence for climatic change across the North American Monsoon (NAM) and adjacent areas is reviewed, drawing on continental and marine records and the application of climate models. Patterns of change at 12,000, 9000, 6000 and 4000&nbsp;cal&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP are presented to capture the nature of change from the Younger Dryas (YD) and through the mid-Holocene. At the YD, conditions were cooler overall, wetter in the north and drier in the south, while moving into the Holocene wetter conditions became established in the south and then spread north as the NAM strengthened. Until c. 8000&nbsp;cal&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP, the Laurentide Ice Sheet influenced precipitation in the north by pushing the Bermuda High further south. The peak extent of the NAM seems to have occurred around 6000&nbsp;cal&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP. 4000&nbsp;cal&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP marks the start of important changes across the NAM region, with drying in the north and the establishment of the clear differences between the summer-rain dominated south and central areas and the north, where winter rain is more important. This differentiation between south and north is crucial to understanding many climate responses across the NAM. This increasing variability is coincident with the declining influence of orbital forcing. 4000&nbsp;cal&nbsp;yr&nbsp;BP also marks the onset of significant anthropogenic activity in many areas. For the last 2000 years, the focus is on higher temporal resolution change, with strong variations across the region. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is characterised by centennial scale &lsquo;megadrought&rsquo; across the southwest USA, associated with cooler tropical Pacific SSTs and persistent La Ni&ntilde;a type conditions. Proxy data from southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean reveal generally wetter conditions, whereas records from the highlands of central Mexico and much of the Yucatan are typified by long -term drought. The Little Ice Age (LIA), in the north, was characterised by cooler, wetter winter conditions that have been linked with increased frequency of El Ni&ntilde;o's. Proxy records in the central and southern regions reveal generally dry LIA conditions, consistent with cooler SSTs in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. This synthesis demonstrates that in some periods, one major forcing can dominate across the whole area (e.g. insolation in the early-mid Holocene), but at other times there is strong variability in patterns of change due to the differential impact of forcings such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on precipitation seasonality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004","usgsCitation":"Metcalfe, S.E., Barron, J.A., and Davies, S., 2015, The Holocene history of the North American Monsoon: 'known knowns' and 'known unknowns' in understanding its spatial and temporal complexity: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 120, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.004.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059189","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pure.aber.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-holocene-history-of-the-north-american-monsoon-known-knowns-and-known-unknowns-in-understanding-its-spatial-and-temporal-complexity(cf262a2e-ac81-4f29-97cf-b4398599dbde).html","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.765625,\n              -4.214943141390639\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.765625,\n              51.83577752045248\n            ],\n            [\n              -37.96875,\n              51.83577752045248\n            ],\n            [\n              -37.96875,\n              -4.214943141390639\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.765625,\n              -4.214943141390639\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555718c0e4b0a92fa7e9d045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metcalfe, Sarah E.","contributorId":103555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davies, Sarah J.","contributorId":140794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[{"id":13568,"text":"Department Geography, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY21 3DB, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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