{"pageNumber":"4711","pageRowStart":"117750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184569,"records":[{"id":70014821,"text":"70014821 - 1987 - Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:13:51.042111","indexId":"70014821","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information","docAbstract":"

For purposes of evaluating fitted flood frequency distributions or for purposes of estimating distributions directly from plots of flood peaks versus exceedance probabilities (either by subjective or objective techniques), one needs a probability plotting position formula which can be applied to all of the flood data available: both systematic and historic floods. Some of the formulas in use are simply extensions of existing formulas (such as Hazen and Weibull) used on systematic flood records. New plotting position formulas proposed by Hirsch and Stedinger (1986) and in this paper are based on a recognition that the flood data arises from partially censored sampling of the flood record. The theoretical appropriateness, bias in probability and bias in discharge of the various plotting position formulas are considered. The methods are compared in terms of their effects on flood frequency estimation when an objective curve-fitting method of estimation is employed. Consideration is also given to the correct interpretation of the historical record length and the effect of incorrectly assuming that record length equals the time since the first known historical flood. This assumption is employed in many flood frequency studies and may result in a substantial bias in estimated design flood magnitudes. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90152-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., 1987, Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 185-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90152-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"199","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cbae4b0c8380cd7e863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014784,"text":"70014784 - 1987 - Use of historical information in a maximum-likelihood framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:10:10.403714","indexId":"70014784","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of historical information in a maximum-likelihood framework","docAbstract":"

This paper discusses flood-quantile estimators which can employ historical and paleoflood information, both when the magnitudes of historical flood peaks are known, and when only threshold-exceedance information is available. Maximum likelihood, quasi-maximum likelihood and curve fitting methods for simultaneous estimation of 1, 2 and 3 unknown parameters are examined. The information contained in a 100 yr record of historical observations, during which the flood perception threshold was near the 10 yr flood level (i.e., on average, one flood in ten is above the threshold and hence is recorded), is equivalent to roughly 43, 64 and 78 years of systematic record in terms of the improvement of the precision of 100 yr flood estimators when estimating 1, 2 and 3 parameters, respectively. With the perception threshold at the 100 yr flood level, the historical data was worth 13, 20 and 46 years of systematic data when estimating 1, 2 and 3 parameters, respectively. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90154-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., and Stedinger, J., 1987, Use of historical information in a maximum-likelihood framework: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 215-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90154-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"223","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf24e4b08c986b32999d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, T.A.","contributorId":84789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, J.R.","contributorId":90733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014822,"text":"70014822 - 1987 - Errors in slope-area computations of peak discharges in mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:28:04.411558","indexId":"70014822","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Errors in slope-area computations of peak discharges in mountain streams","docAbstract":"

During an evaluation of 70 slope-area measurements on higher-gradient streams (stream slopes greater than 0.002) throughout the United States, peak discharge measurements were found to be affected by n values, scour, expansion and contraction losses, viscosity, unsteady flow, number of cross sections, state of flow and stream slope. Problems due to measurement error can often be as great as or greater than 100% and leads to overestimation of the actual peak discharge. This can result in misleading maximum flood values, erroneous flood-frequency analyses and overdesign of flood-plain structures.

A brief discussion of these problems, tentative solutions and research needs is presented. The critical-depth method of computing peak discharge provides the most reasonable results in higher-gradient streams.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90143-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Jarrett, R., 1987, Errors in slope-area computations of peak discharges in mountain streams: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 53-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90143-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4be4b0c8380cd522bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014143,"text":"70014143 - 1987 - Origins of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer - A case study of the Pajaro Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:44:13.963955","indexId":"70014143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origins of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer - A case study of the Pajaro Valley, California","docAbstract":"

Seawater may enter and contaminate stratified coastal aquifers through a number of different pathways. These pathways and their relative contribution are examined in the Pajaro Valley, California, a coastal area with extensive groundwater development. This study considers three pathways of possible intrusion of the primary confined aquifer: (1) onshore leakage from brackish sources, the estuary and sloughs, through the confining layer; (2) near-shore leakage from the ocean through the confining layer; and (3) offshore flow from the ocean through the submarine canyon outcrop of the aquifer. Groundwater flow and seawater intrusion are simulated using an areal, two-dimensional solute-transport computer model. This analysis indicates that leakage through confining layers is the principal mechanism of recharge to the aquifer. Although lateral flow through the offshore outcrop contaminates the aquifer, as a whole, at a higher rate, vertical leakage through the sea floor initially is the main pathway of seawater intrusion to the onshore portion of the aquifer. It is likely that leakage generally is the dominant mechanism of recharge and initial cause of seawater intrusion for poorly-confined, stratified coastal aquifers. This analysis suggests that a significant time interval follows the initial observation of seawater intrusion, during which remedial action can be taken to control lateral flow through the offshore outcrop, which ultimately will be the largest component of future intrusion in these aquifers. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90024-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bond, L., and Bredehoeft, J., 1987, Origins of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer - A case study of the Pajaro Valley, California: Journal of Hydrology, v. 92, no. 3-4, p. 363-388, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90024-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"388","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pajaro Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.88202839563803,\n 36.968105555446215\n ],\n [\n -121.88202839563803,\n 36.80615338085174\n ],\n [\n -121.6545197946362,\n 36.80615338085174\n ],\n [\n -121.6545197946362,\n 36.968105555446215\n ],\n [\n -121.88202839563803,\n 36.968105555446215\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a711ae4b0c8380cd76464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bond, L.D.","contributorId":41153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015252,"text":"70015252 - 1987 - The local effects of groundwater pumpage within a fault-influenced groundwater basin, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:24:04.502044","indexId":"70015252","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The local effects of groundwater pumpage within a fault-influenced groundwater basin, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Large-scale groundwater pumpage and water-level decline data are used in a preliminary attempt to identify the hydraulic connection between several wells and Devils Hole, a small pond in Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A. Results indicate that despite the discontinuous nature of the local aquifers, many wells have good hydraulic connection with Devils Hole. Hydraulic connection between the wells and Devils Hole exhibits a complex spatial variability typical of carbonate terrane. Zones or directions of minimal hydraulic connection may result from fault-controlled structural discontinuities. Zones or directions of enhanced hydraulic connection point to the presence of large-scale groundwater flow through fractures or conduits. The orientation of waterbearing fractures or conduits inferred from this study is qualitatively consistent with the major orientation of local and regional structural features. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90209-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rojstaczer, S., 1987, The local effects of groundwater pumpage within a fault-influenced groundwater basin, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 319-337, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90209-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"337","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad98e4b08c986b323d02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rojstaczer, S.","contributorId":92709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojstaczer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014659,"text":"70014659 - 1987 - Analysis of saltwater upconing beneath a pumping well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:18:51.265884","indexId":"70014659","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of saltwater upconing beneath a pumping well","docAbstract":"

Aquifer systems that contain freshwater and saltwater are usually stratified, with the more dense saltwater underlying the freshwater. A groundwater well discharging from the freshwater zone causes the saltwater to move upwards towards the well. This phenomenon is known as saltwater upconing.

Two methods of analysis, the sharp-interface method and the fluid-density-dependent solute-transport method, are used to simulate saltwater upconing. Numerical experiments including comparisons of the two methods indicate: (1) for low to moderate pumpages the 50% isochlor and sharp interface correlate well; (2) the well can discharge significant concentrations of saltwater, even though a stable cone (according to the sharp-interface method) exists below the well screen; (3) an almost linear relationship exists between the well discharge rate and the concentration of the discharge at low pumping rates that maintain a stable cone; and (4) upconing is sensitive to transverse dispersivity, whereas it is insensitive to longitudinal dispersivity.

A simulation of upconing at Test Site No. 4, Truro, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, indicates that the appropriate field value of transverse dispersivity is very small. This supports the validity of the sharp-interface assumption for analyzing the behavior of systems with thin saltwater-freshwater transition zones. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90179-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Goodman, A., 1987, Analysis of saltwater upconing beneath a pumping well: Journal of Hydrology, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 169-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90179-X.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb2de4b0c8380cd48c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodman, A.S.","contributorId":37901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014872,"text":"70014872 - 1987 - Regional regression of flood characteristics employing historical information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:06:44.687118","indexId":"70014872","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional regression of flood characteristics employing historical information","docAbstract":"

Streamflow gauging networks provide hydrologic information for use in estimating the parameters of regional regression models. The regional regression models can be used to estimate flood statistics, such as the 100 yr peak, at ungauged sites as functions of drainage basin characteristics. A recent innovation in regional regression is the use of a generalized least squares (GLS) estimator that accounts for unequal station record lengths and sample cross correlation among the flows. However, this technique does not account for historical flood information.

A method is proposed here to adjust this generalized least squares estimator to account for possible information about historical floods available at some stations in a region. The historical information is assumed to be in the form of observations of all peaks above a threshold during a long period outside the systematic record period. A Monte Carlo simulation experiment was performed to compare the GLS estimator adjusted for historical floods with the unadjusted GLS estimator and the ordinary least squares estimator. Results indicate that using the GLS estimator adjusted for historical information significantly improves the regression model. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90157-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., and Stedinger, J., 1987, Regional regression of flood characteristics employing historical information: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 255-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90157-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"264","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a54fe4b0e8fec6cdbdea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedinger, J.R.","contributorId":90733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014871,"text":"70014871 - 1987 - A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:23:37.478165","indexId":"70014871","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world","docAbstract":"

The maximum historic rainfall-runoff floods measured in the United States, the People's Republic of China and the world all plot close to a smooth curve of drainage area versus discharge. In the United States, the possibility that flood peaks were overestimated and the closeness of these peaks to the probable maximum floods suggest that this limiting curve of maximum floods will not significantly change position with more data. Data for future floods that plot above this curve need to be examined carefully. The most likely interpretations for new data points above the curve would be the confusion of a mud or debris flow with a water-dominated flood, or the damming of channels by debris or a landslide and subsequent bursting. In the United States, excluding Hawaii, the largest measured historic floods in basins less than about 1000 km2, all occurred in arid and semi-arid areas. In China, the majority of the largest measured historic floods occurred in the east and southeast in basins on the windward side of mountainous areas, and in locations affected by typhoons. One extraordinary flood that exceeds any other recorded flood in the world for the size of the drainage basin in which it occurred is the New Caledonia flood of December 24, 1981 on the Ouaieme River. Worldwide, the largest measured historic floods occurred primarily between 40°N and 40°S latitude on streams and rivers near coastal areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90146-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1987, A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 101-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90146-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e378e4b0c8380cd4604f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014873,"text":"70014873 - 1987 - Linear error analysis of slope-area discharge determinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:19:03.131062","indexId":"70014873","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear error analysis of slope-area discharge determinations","docAbstract":"

The slope-area method can be used to calculate peak flood discharges when current-meter measurements are not possible. This calculation depends on several quantities, such as water-surface fall, that are subject to large measurement errors. Other critical quantities, such as Manning's n, are not even amenable to direct measurement but can only be estimated. Finally, scour and fill may cause gross discrepancies between the observed condition of the channel and the hydraulic conditions during the flood peak.

The effects of these potential errors on the accuracy of the computed discharge have been estimated by statistical error analysis using a Taylor-series approximation of the discharge formula and the well-known formula for the variance of a sum of correlated random variates. The resultant error variance of the computed discharge is a weighted sum of covariances of the various observational errors. The weights depend on the hydraulic and geometric configuration of the channel.

The mathematical analysis confirms the rule of thumb that relative errors in computed discharge increase rapidly when velocity heads exceed the water-surface fall, when the flow field is expanding and when lateral velocity variation (alpha) is large. It also confirms the extreme importance of accurately assessing the presence of scour or fill.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90148-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kirby, W., 1987, Linear error analysis of slope-area discharge determinations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 125-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90148-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"138","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47bee4b0c8380cd67951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, W.H.","contributorId":65468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014835,"text":"70014835 - 1987 - Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:33:24.845441","indexId":"70014835","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods","docAbstract":"

It is usually advantageous to use information regarding historical floods, if available, to define the flood-frequency relation for a stream. Peak stages can sometimes be determined for outstanding floods that occurred many years ago before systematic gaging of streams began. In the United States, this information is usually not available for more than 100-200 years, but in countries with long cultural histories, such as China, historical flood data are available at some sites as far back as 2,000 years or more. It is important in flood studies to be able to assign a maximum discharge rate and an associated error range to the historical flood.

This paper describes the significant characteristics and uncertainties of four commonly used methods for estimating the peak discharge of a flood. These methods are: (1) rating curve (stage-discharge relation) extension; (2) slope conveyance; (3) slope area; and (4) step backwater. Logarithmic extensions of rating curves are based on theoretical plotting techniques that results in straight line extensions provided that channel shape and roughness do not change significantly. The slope-conveyance and slope-area methods are based on the Manning equation, which requires specific data on channel size, shape and roughness, as well as the water-surface slope for one or more cross-sections in a relatively straight reach of channel. The slope-conveyance method is used primarily for shaping and extending rating curves, whereas the slope-area method is used for specific floods. The step-backwater method, also based on the Manning equation, requires more cross-section data than the slope-area ethod, but has a water-surface profile convergence characteristic that negates the need for known or estimated water-surface slope.

Uncertainties in calculating peak discharge for historical floods may be quite large. Various investigations have shown that errors in calculating peak discharges by the slope-area method under ideal conditions for recent floods (i.e., when flood elevations, slope and channel characteristics are reasonably certain), may be on the order of 10-25%. Under less than ideal conditions, where streams are hydraulically steep and rough, errors may be much larger. The additional uncertainties for historical floods created by the passage of time may result in even larger errors of peak discharge. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90141-7","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cook, J., 1987, Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90141-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d4e4b0c8380cd804af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, J.L.","contributorId":48323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221675,"text":"70221675 - 1987 - Book review: Elements of micropaleontology. Gerard Bignot. Graham and Trotman, London","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-28T16:05:19.614066","indexId":"70221675","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T11:03:13","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Elements of micropaleontology. Gerard Bignot. Graham and Trotman, London","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(87)90015-6","usgsCitation":"Bybell, L.M., 1987, Book review: Elements of micropaleontology. Gerard Bignot. Graham and Trotman, London: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 12, p. 105-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(87)90015-6.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014239,"text":"70014239 - 1987 - Hydraulics and basin morphometry of the largest flash floods in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:49:59.546235","indexId":"70014239","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulics and basin morphometry of the largest flash floods in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

The maximum rainfall-runoff floods measured by indirect methods in small basins (0.39-370 km2) in the conterminous United States are examined. This analysis identified twelve floods that were the largest ever measured. These floods all occurred in semiarid to arid areas.

For eleven of the twelve largest rainfall-runoff floods measured in small basins by the slope-area method, values of hydraulic depth; hydraulic radius; width-depth ratio; n value; mean velocity; velocity-head coefficient; Froude number; water-surface, energy, and channel slopes; shear stress; and unit stream power are tabulated. Estimated composite n values weighted by subsection conveyance range from 0.028 to 0.048 with a mean of 0.038. Mean velocities ranged from 3.47 to 9.97 m s−1. Froude numbers ranged from 0.81 to 2.49, with 9 of 12 floods having values greater than 1.00.

Water-surface, energy, and channel slopes vary considerably for each flood. Energy slope always was less than water-surface slope by values of 1–104%. Channel slope was greater than energy slope in eight floods. Shear stresses ranged between 61 and 855 N m−2, and unit stream power from 212 to 8131 w m−1.

Floods in these small basins produced shear stresses and unit stream powers several hundred times greater than floods in large rivers. Floods on other small streams, with smaller unit discharges, produced greater shear stresses and stream powers. This indicates that the force of a flood is controlled by the depth-slope product, not absolute discharge.

In the twelve watersheds studied, basin relief ranged from 165 to 1280 m, elongation ratios ranged from 0.55 to 0.80, the number of first-order streams (basin magnitude) ranged from 10 to 4297, drainage density ranged from 4.1 to 10.9 km km−2, basin slope ranged from 0.0043 to 0.2486, relief ratio ranged from 0.0097 to 0.34, ruggedness number ranged from 0.69 to 7.17, and first-order channel frequency ranged from 5.1 to 38.6 km−2. Elongation ratios were larger, and drainage density and first-order channel frequency lower, than other small flash-flood prone basins in the United States. These twelve basins have neither the most favorable morphometric characteristics which contribute to flash-flood peaks, nor did the storms causing these flash floods have the greatest short-duration intensities. Maximum flood peaks originate from an optimal combination of basin morphology and physiography, and storm intensity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90102-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1987, Hydraulics and basin morphometry of the largest flash floods in the conterminous United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 93, no. 3-4, p. 313-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90102-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n 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E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014228,"text":"70014228 - 1987 - Microclimate and actual evapotranspiration in a humid coastal-plain environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:57:45.000609","indexId":"70014228","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microclimate and actual evapotranspiration in a humid coastal-plain environment","docAbstract":"

Continuous hourly measurements of twelve meteorologic variables recorded during 1983 and 1984 were used to examine the microclimate and actual evapotranspiration at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina. The study area is in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of southwestern South Carolina.

Monthly, daily, and hourly trends in net radiation, incoming and reflected short-wave radiation, incoming and emitted long-wave radiation, soil-heat flux, dry- and wet-bulb temperatures, soil temperatures, wind direction and speed, and precipitation were used to characterize the microclimate. Average daily air temperatures ranged from −9 to 32° Celsius during the period of study. Net radiation varied from about −27 to 251 watts m−2 and was dominated by incoming short-wave radiation throughout the year. The peak net radiation during a summer day generally occurred 2–3h before the peak vapor pressure deficit. In the winter, these peaks occurred at about the same time of day. Monthly precipitation varied from 15 to 241 mm.

The Bowen ratio method was used to estimate hourly evapotranspiration, which was summed to also give daily and monthly evapotranspiration. Actual evapotranspiration varied from 0.0 to 0.7 mm h−1, 0.8−5 mm d−1, and 20–140 mm month−1 during 1983 and 1984. The maximum rate of evapotranspiration generally occurred at the same time of day as maximum net radiation, suggesting net radiation was the main driving force for evapotranspiration. Precipitation exceeded evapotranspiration during 14 months of the 2yr study period. Late fall, winter, and early spring contained the majority of these months. The maximum excess precipitation was 115 mm in February 1983.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90101-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Dennehy, K., and McMahon, P., 1987, Microclimate and actual evapotranspiration in a humid coastal-plain environment: Journal of Hydrology, v. 93, no. 3-4, p. 295-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90101-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Barnwell","otherGeospatial":"southwestern South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.62448428060112,\n 33.42574370207785\n ],\n [\n -81.62448428060112,\n 32.28580430495876\n ],\n [\n -80.3174053996638,\n 32.28580430495876\n ],\n [\n -80.3174053996638,\n 33.42574370207785\n ],\n [\n -81.62448428060112,\n 33.42574370207785\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a566de4b0c8380cd6d5ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennehy, K.F.","contributorId":41841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015251,"text":"70015251 - 1987 - Analysis of an anisotropic coastal aquifer system using variable-density flow and solute transport simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:28:33.2156","indexId":"70015251","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of an anisotropic coastal aquifer system using variable-density flow and solute transport simulation","docAbstract":"

The groundwater system in southern Oahu, Hawaii consists of a thick, areally extensive freshwater lens overlying a zone of transition to a thick saltwater body. This system is analyzed in cross section with a variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport model on a regional scale. The simulation is difficult, because the coastal aquifer system has a saltwater transition zone that is broadly dispersed near the discharge area, but is very sharply defined inland. Steady-state simulation analysis of the transition zone in the layered basalt aquifer of southern Oahu indicates that a small transverse dispersivity is characteristic of horizontal regional flow. Further, in this system flow is generally parallel to isochlors and steady-state behavior is insensitive to the longitudinal dispersivity. Parameter analysis identifies that only six parameters control the complex hydraulics of the system: horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the basalt aquifer; hydraulic conductivity of the confining \"caprock\" layer; leakance below the caprock; specific yield; and aquifer matrix compressibility. The best-fitting models indicate the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is significantly greater than the vertical hydraulic conductivity. These models give values for specific yield and aquifer compressibility which imply a considerable degree of compressive storage in the water table aquifer. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90087-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Souza, W.R., and Voss, C., 1987, Analysis of an anisotropic coastal aquifer system using variable-density flow and solute transport simulation: Journal of Hydrology, v. 92, no. 1-2, p. 17-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90087-4.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.19265890021177,\n 21.483771368447663\n ],\n [\n -158.19265890021177,\n 21.263781938220575\n ],\n [\n -157.78785453824213,\n 21.263781938220575\n ],\n [\n -157.78785453824213,\n 21.483771368447663\n ],\n [\n -158.19265890021177,\n 21.483771368447663\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb05e4b0c8380cd48b6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Souza, W. R.","contributorId":102114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souza","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015122,"text":"70015122 - 1987 - The space transformation in the simulation of multidimensional random fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:19:36.516639","indexId":"70015122","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2704,"text":"Mathematics and Computers in Simulation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The space transformation in the simulation of multidimensional random fields","docAbstract":"

Space transformations are proposed as a mathematically meaningful and practically comprehensive approach to simulate multidimensional random fields. Within this context the turning bands method of simulation is reconsidered and improved in both the space and frequency domains. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-4754(87)90140-6","issn":"03784754","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., 1987, The space transformation in the simulation of multidimensional random fields: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, v. 29, no. 3-4, p. 313-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4754(87)90140-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"319","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224238,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb056e4b08c986b324dc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24749,"text":"ofr86324 - 1987 - Program overview and selected papers from the Toxic-Waste Program Technical Meeting: Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"ofr86324","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-324","title":"Program overview and selected papers from the Toxic-Waste Program Technical Meeting: Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr86324","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ragone, S.E., and Sulam, D.J., 1987, Program overview and selected papers from the Toxic-Waste Program Technical Meeting: Tucson, Arizona, March 20-22, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-324, ix, 116 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86324.","productDescription":"ix, 116 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53777,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ragone, Stephen E.","contributorId":74374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragone","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulam, Dennis J.","contributorId":34148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulam","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175512,"text":"70175512 - 1987 - Standardization of stain used for diagnosing erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T20:37:48","indexId":"70175512","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5171,"text":"Fish Health Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Standardization of stain used for diagnosing erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS)","docAbstract":"

Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS), a viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN)-like disease, has been observed in several areas in the Northwest. This virus disease is clinically diagnosed by microscopic examination of blood smears for intracytoplasmic erythrocytic inclusion bodies. Fish biologists involved in EIBS diagnostic work have been using several types of hematological stains. It became apparent that standardization of the staining procedure was needed. Comparative tests were conducted on blood smears and kidney imprints with the following commonly used blood stains: (1) Leishman-Giesma, (2) Pinacyanol chloride, (3) Powell 's Giemsa, (4) Harleco's Giemsa, (5) Diff Quik differential stain, (6) Wright's.

Pinacyanol chloride stain was found to be the most consistent. The following staining procedure is recommended.

","language":"English","publisher":"Fish Health Section of the American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Fish Health Section of the American Fisheries Society, 1987, Standardization of stain used for diagnosing erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS): Fish Health Newsletter, v. 15, no. 2, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.afs-fhs.org/communications/newsletter.php"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b2e7c3e4b03bcb0102e958"} ,{"id":65991,"text":"i1802B - 1987 - Geologic map of the eastern equatorial region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T13:49:56.685669","indexId":"i1802B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1802","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic map of the eastern equatorial region of Mars","docAbstract":"

The Mariner 9 mission in the early 1970’s provided the first comprehensive view of the geology of Mars (McCauley and others, 1972, Masursky, 1973) and led to the derivation of the first global geologic map (Carr and others, 1973). These preliminary studies were followed by more comprehensive mapping coordinated with the U.S. Geological Survey. Thirty quadrangles at a scale of 1:5,000,000 were produced in this map series, from which Scott and Carr (1978) compiled a single geologic map at a scale of 1:25,000,000. The reliability of these maps, however, is varied because of the uneven quality of the Mariner 9 data.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1802B","usgsCitation":"Greeley, R., and Guest, J.E., 1987, Geologic map of the eastern equatorial region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1802, 1 Plate: 52.16 x39.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1802B.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 52.16 x39.95 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":115132,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1802b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":189170,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1802b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"15000000","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guest, J. E.","contributorId":98749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guest","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":67220,"text":"i1802C - 1987 - Geologic map of the polar regions of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T13:48:10.934567","indexId":"i1802C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1802","subseriesTitle":"GIS","chapter":"C","title":"Geologic map of the polar regions of Mars","docAbstract":"

These geologic maps of the north and south polar regions of Mars, extending to 55˚ north and south latitudes, overlap by 2˚ the geologic maps of the western and eastern regions, which extend to lat ±57˚. The maps were compiled from Viking medium-resolution photomosaics at scales of 1:2,000,000 and from higher resolution Viking images. The quality and resolution of the Viking pictures are superior to those of Mariner 9 used to prepare the previous maps (Scott and Carr, 1978) that includes these two regions. Because of the Viking orbital configuration, a vast number of high-resolution images of the area within 10˚ of the north pole was obtained, whereas many areas in lower northern latitudes were covered only by low-resolution images. In contrast, the south polar region is nearly completely covered by images at medium resolution but is not imaged at high resolution.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1802C","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Scott, D.H., 1987, Geologic map of the polar regions of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1802, 1 Plate: 50.81 x 39.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1802C.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 50.81 x 39.34 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":115205,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1802c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1802c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":115204,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1802c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"920425","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31897,"text":"ofr87495D - 1987 - Palinspastic thickness map of the Neogene sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"ofr87495D","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-495","chapter":"D","title":"Palinspastic thickness map of the Neogene sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr87495D","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., 1987, Palinspastic thickness map of the Neogene sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-495, 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:2,000,000 (1 inch = about 32 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87495D.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet, scale 1:2,000,000 (1 inch = about 32 miles). 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1987 - Palinspastic paleogeographic map of the Neogene sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"ofr87495E","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-495","chapter":"E","title":"Palinspastic paleogeographic map of the Neogene sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr87495E","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., 1987, Palinspastic paleogeographic map of the Neogene sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-495, 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:2,000,000 (1 inch = about 32 miles)., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87495E.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet, scale 1:2,000,000 (1 inch = about 32 miles).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21249,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0495e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"200000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b9b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Keith","contributorId":80277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31899,"text":"ofr87495F - 1987 - Location map of major Tertiary sedimentary provinces and structural elements of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"ofr87495F","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-495","chapter":"F","title":"Location map of major Tertiary sedimentary provinces and structural elements of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr87495F","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., 1987, Location map of major Tertiary sedimentary provinces and structural elements of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-495, 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:2,000,000 (1 inch = about 32 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87495F.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet, scale 1:2,000,000 (1 inch = about 32 miles). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21250,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0495f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"200000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63be49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Keith","contributorId":80277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31894,"text":"ofr87495A - 1987 - Thickness map of the petroliferous Tertiary sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"ofr87495A","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-495","chapter":"A","title":"Thickness map of the petroliferous Tertiary sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr87495A","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., and DuBois, E., 1987, Thickness map of the petroliferous Tertiary sequence of the Circum-Borneo region, Southeast Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-495, 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:2,000,000 (1 inch = about 32 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87495A.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet, scale 1:2,000,000 (1 inch = about 32 miles). 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