{"pageNumber":"472","pageRowStart":"11775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46650,"records":[{"id":70148020,"text":"ofr20151100 - 2015 - Salmon habitat assessment for conservation planning in the lower White Salmon River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T14:32:53","indexId":"ofr20151100","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-13T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1100","title":"Salmon habitat assessment for conservation planning in the lower White Salmon River, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2011, Condit Dam was removed from the White Salmon River, Washington. Since dam removal, there has been interest among scientists (State and Federal), Tribes, non-profit organizations, and the general public in assessing Pacific salmon habitat and use in the White Salmon River for conservation planning and potential fishery management actions. The study area extended from the lower 6 miles of the White Salmon River to the confluence with the Columbia River, including the former reservoir area. The Mid-Columbia Fisheries Enhancement Group received a grant to initiate efforts to plan for salmon habitat protection in the lower 6 river miles of the White Salmon River. As part of efforts by the Mid-Columbia Fisheries Enhancement Group to conduct conservation planning, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used current and historical habitat information to assist in the planning process. The USGS compiled existing georeferenced habitat data into a Geographic Information System to identify areas of high quality habitat for salmon, potential areas for restoration/improvement, and areas that could be threatened. The primary sources of georeferenced data for this project include a lidar flight contracted by PacifiCorp, bathymetry from USGS, and fall Chinook salmon redd surveys from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Redd observations provided support that the study area is a migratory corridor for salmon and steelhead and that the lowest 2&ndash;3 miles had the highest concentration of documented fall Chinook salmon redds. The study area has potential for restoration/conservation areas to improve/conserve salmon habitat.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mid-Columbia Fisheries Enhancement Group","usgsCitation":"Hardiman, J.M., and Allen, M.B., 2015, Salmon habitat assessment for conservation planning in the lower White Salmon River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1100, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151100.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063186","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151100.jpg"},{"id":300373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1100/pdf/ofr2015-1100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1100/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.51874542236328,\n              45.727753102939744\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52080535888672,\n              45.72589568526968\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52466773986816,\n              45.72613535553626\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5262985229492,\n              45.729071232850465\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52853012084961,\n              45.74368840625719\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5267276763916,\n              45.74728220704596\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.53762817382814,\n              45.75740350234746\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5406322479248,\n              45.75884069721865\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.54458045959473,\n              45.773210609996745\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52981758117676,\n              45.77991530249894\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52157783508301,\n              45.78015474089319\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51556968688965,\n              45.78745711798122\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.50947570800781,\n              45.786140366574095\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51308059692381,\n              45.77788003463297\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52157783508301,\n              45.774228338431094\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52432441711424,\n              45.774168472566735\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.53136253356934,\n              45.76614586546326\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.53307914733888,\n              45.76620573993916\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52372360229491,\n              45.75267247443033\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51659965515138,\n              45.74842019573033\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51668548583984,\n              45.745425438859606\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51857376098634,\n              45.74440718492374\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51874542236328,\n              45.727753102939744\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555467a6e4b0a92fa7e94f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardiman, Jill M. 0000-0002-3661-9695 jhardiman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-9695","contributorId":2672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","email":"jhardiman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, M. Brady ballen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"ballen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148032,"text":"70148032 - 2015 - Identifying multiple timescale rainfall controls on Mojave Desert ecohydrology using an integrated data and modeling approach for <i>Larrea tridentata</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-03T10:20:43","indexId":"70148032","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-13T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying multiple timescale rainfall controls on Mojave Desert ecohydrology using an integrated data and modeling approach for <i>Larrea tridentata</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>The perennial shrub<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Larrea tridentata</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>is widely successful in North American warm deserts but is also susceptible to climatic perturbations. Understanding its response to rainfall variability requires consideration of multiple timescales. We examine intra-annual to multi-year relationships using model simulations of soil moisture and vegetation growth over 50 years in the Mojave National Preserve in southeastern California (USA). Ecohydrological model parameters are conditioned on field and remote sensing data using an ensemble Kalman filter. Although no specific periodicities were detected in the rainfall record, simulated leaf-area-index exhibits multi-year dynamics that are driven by multi-year (&sim;3-years) rains, but with up to a 1-year delay in peak response. Within a multi-year period,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Larrea tridentata</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>is more sensitive to winter rains than summer. In the most active part of the root zone (above &sim;80 cm), &gt;1-year average soil moisture drives vegetation growth, but monthly average soil moisture is controlled by root uptake. Moisture inputs reach the lower part of the root zone (below &sim;80 cm) infrequently, but once there they can persist over a year to help sustain plant growth. Parameter estimates highlight efficient plant physiological properties facilitating persistent growth and high soil hydraulic conductivity allowing deep soil moisture stores. We show that soil moisture as an ecological indicator is complicated by bidirectional interactions with vegetation that depend on timescale and depth. Under changing climate,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Larrea tridentata</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>will likely be relatively resilient to shorter-term moisture variability but will exhibit higher sensitivity to shifts in seasonal to multi-year moisture inputs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017240","usgsCitation":"Ng, G.C., Bedford, D.R., and Miller, D.M., 2015, Identifying multiple timescale rainfall controls on Mojave Desert ecohydrology using an integrated data and modeling approach for <i>Larrea tridentata</i>: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017240.","productDescription":"16 p.","endPage":"3884","numberOfPages":"3899","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060056","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.14471435546875,\n              35.19569489118943\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.15501403808592,\n              35.187838850798094\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.15501403808592,\n              35.16258214808429\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12411499023436,\n      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Research","publicationDate":"6/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal","contributorId":140765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ng","given":"Gene-Hua","email":"","middleInitial":"Crystal","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, David R. dbedford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David","email":"dbedford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148033,"text":"70148033 - 2015 - Using biotic ligand models to predict metal toxicity in mineralized systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T13:56:29","indexId":"70148033","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-13T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using biotic ligand models to predict metal toxicity in mineralized systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a numerical approach that couples chemical speciation calculations with toxicological information to predict the toxicity of aquatic metals. This approach was proposed as an alternative to expensive toxicological testing, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency incorporated the BLM into the 2007 revised aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria for Cu. Research BLMs for Ag, Ni, Pb, and Zn are also available, and many other BLMs are under development. Current BLMs are limited to &lsquo;one metal, one organism&rsquo; considerations. Although the BLM generally is an improvement over previous approaches to determining water quality criteria, there are several challenges in implementing the BLM, particularly at mined and mineralized sites. These challenges include: (1) historically incomplete datasets for BLM input parameters, especially dissolved organic carbon (DOC), (2) several concerns about DOC, such as DOC fractionation in Fe- and Al-rich systems and differences in DOC quality that result in variations in metal-binding affinities, (3) water-quality parameters and resulting metal-toxicity predictions that are temporally and spatially dependent, (4) additional influences on metal bioavailability, such as multiple metal toxicity, dietary metal toxicity, and competition among organisms or metals, (5) potential importance of metal interactions with solid or gas phases and/or kinetically controlled reactions, and (6) tolerance to metal toxicity observed for aquatic organisms living in areas with elevated metal concentrations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.005","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.S., Balistrieri, L.S., and Todd, A.S., 2015, Using biotic ligand models to predict metal toxicity in mineralized systems: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 55-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.005.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057252","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555467aae4b0a92fa7e94f1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S. atodd@usgs.gov","contributorId":1022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew","email":"atodd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162170,"text":"70162170 - 2015 - Pre-eruptive conditions of the Hideaway Park topaz rhyolite: Insights into metal source and evolution of magma parental to the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-15T14:34:34","indexId":"70162170","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-eruptive conditions of the Hideaway Park topaz rhyolite: Insights into metal source and evolution of magma parental to the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Hideaway Park tuff is the only preserved extrusive volcanic unit related to the Red Mountain intrusive complex, which produced the world-class Henderson porphyry Mo deposit. Located within the Colorado Mineral Belt, USA, Henderson is the second largest Climax-type Mo deposit in the world, and is therefore an excellent location to investigate magmatic processes leading to Climax-type Mo mineralization. We combine an extensive dataset of major element, volatile, and trace element abundances in quartz-hosted melt inclusions and pumice matrix glass with major element geochemistry from phenocrysts to reconstruct the pre-eruptive conditions and the source and evolution of metals within the magma. Melt inclusions are slightly peraluminous topaz rhyolitic in composition and are volatile-charged (&le;6&thinsp;wt % H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, &le;600&thinsp;ppm CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, &sim;0&middot;3&ndash;1&middot;0&thinsp;wt % F, &sim;2300&ndash;3500&thinsp;ppm Cl) and metal-rich (&sim;7&ndash;24&thinsp;ppm Mo, &sim;4&ndash;14&thinsp;ppm W, &sim;21&ndash;52&thinsp;ppm Pb, &sim;28&ndash;2700&thinsp;ppm Zn, &lt;0&middot;1&ndash;29&thinsp;ppm Cu, &sim;0&middot;3&ndash;1&middot;8&thinsp;ppm Bi, &sim;40&ndash;760&thinsp;ppb Ag, &sim;690&ndash;1400&thinsp;ppm Mn). Melt inclusion and pumice matrix glass chemistry reveal that the Hideaway Park magma evolved by large degrees of fractional crystallization (&le;60&ndash;70%) during quartz crystallization and melt inclusion entrapment at pressures of &le;300&thinsp;MPa (&le;8&thinsp;km depth), with little to no crystallization upon shallow ascent and eruption. Filter pressing, crystal settling, magma recharge and mixing of less evolved rhyolite melt, and volatile exsolution were important processes during magma evolution; the low estimated viscosities (&sim;10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&ndash;10</span><sup>10&thinsp;</sup><span>Pa s) of these H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O- and F-rich melts probably enhanced these processes. A noteworthy discrepancy between the metal contents in the pumice matrix glass and in the melt inclusions suggests that after quartz crystallization ceased upon shallow magma ascent and eruption, the Hideaway Park magma exsolved an aqueous fluid into which Mo, Bi, Ag, Zn, Mn, Cs, and Y strongly partitioned. Given that the Henderson deposit contains anomalous abundances of not only Mo, but also W, Pb, Zn, Cu, Bi, Ag, and Mn, we suggest that these metals were sourced from similar fluids exsolved from unerupted portions of the same magmatic system. Trace element ratios imply that Mo was sourced deep, from either the lower crust or metasomatized mantle. The origin of sulfur remains unresolved; however, given the extremely low S solubility of rhyolite melts in the shallow crust we favor the possibility that another source of S might supplement or account for that present in the ore deposit, probably the comagmatic, mantle-derived lamprophyres that occur in minor quantities with the voluminous topaz rhyolites in the area. To account for the 437&thinsp;Mt of MoS</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(&sim;1&middot;0&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;10</span><sup>6&thinsp;</sup><span>t Mo) present in the Henderson ore deposit, a volume of &sim;45&thinsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of Hideaway Park rhyolite magma would have been necessary to supply the Mo (a cylindrical pluton measuring 3&middot;1&thinsp;km&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;6&middot;0&thinsp;km) along with sparging of &sim;6&middot;8&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;10</span><sup>5&thinsp;</sup><span>t of S from &sim;0&middot;05&thinsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of lamprophyre magma. Based on a weighted mean&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age of 27&middot;58&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0&middot;24&thinsp;Ma, similar melt geochemistry, and characteristically F-rich biotite phenocrysts, we conclude that the Hideaway Park tuff was cogenetic with the intrusions at Red Mountain that formed the Henderson deposit.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egv010","usgsCitation":"Mercer, C.N., Hofstra, A.H., Todorov, T., Roberge, J., Burgisser, A., Adams, D.T., and Cosca, M.A., 2015, Pre-eruptive conditions of the Hideaway Park topaz rhyolite: Insights into metal source and evolution of magma parental to the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado: Journal of Petrology, v. 56, no. 4, p. 645-679, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv010.","productDescription":"35 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,{"id":70145247,"text":"ofr20151057 - 2015 - Field observations of artificial sand and oil agglomerates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T11:41:56","indexId":"ofr20151057","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1057","title":"Field observations of artificial sand and oil agglomerates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oil that comes into the surf zone following spills, such as occurred during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (</span><abbr title=\"Deepwater Horizon\">DWH</abbr><span>) blowout, can mix with local sediment to form heavier-than-water sand and oil agglomerates (</span><abbr title=\"sand and oil agglomerates\">SOAs</abbr><span>), at times in the form of mats a few centimeters thick and tens of meters long. Smaller agglomerates that form in situ or pieces that break off of larger mats, sometimes referred to as surface residual balls (</span><abbr title=\"surface residual balls\">SRBs</abbr><span>), range in size from sand-sized grains to patty-shaped pieces several centimeters (</span><abbr title=\"centimeter\">cm</abbr><span>) in diameter. These mobile&nbsp;</span><abbr title=\"sand and oil agglomerates\">SOAs</abbr><span>&nbsp;can cause beach oiling for extended periods following the spill, on the scale of years as in the case of&nbsp;</span><abbr title=\"Deepwater Horizon\">DWH</abbr><span>. Limited research, including a prior effort by the U.S. Geological Survey (</span><abbr title=\"United States Geological Survey\">USGS</abbr><span>) investigating&nbsp;</span><abbr title=\"sand and oil agglomerate\">SOA</abbr><span>&nbsp;mobility, alongshore transport, and seafloor interaction using numerical model output, focused on the physical dynamics of&nbsp;</span><abbr title=\"sand and oil agglomerates\">SOAs</abbr><span>. To address this data gap, we constructed artificial sand and oil agglomerates (</span><abbr title=\"artificial sand and oil agglomerates\">aSOAs</abbr><span>) with sand and paraffin wax to mimic the size and density of genuine&nbsp;</span><abbr title=\"sand and oil agglomerates\">SOAs</abbr><span>. These&nbsp;</span><abbr title=\"artificial sand and oil agglomerates\">aSOAs</abbr><span>&nbsp;were deployed in the nearshore off the coast of St. Petersburg, Florida, during a field experiment to investigate their movement and seafloor interaction. This report presents the methodology for constructing&nbsp;</span><abbr title=\"artificial sand and oil agglomerates\">aSOAs</abbr><span>&nbsp;and describes the field experiment. Data acquired during the field campaign, including videos and images of&nbsp;</span><abbr title=\"artificial sand and oil agglomerate\">aSOA</abbr><span>&nbsp;movement in the nearshore (1.5-meter and 0.5-meter water depth) and in the swash zone, are also presented in this report.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151057","usgsCitation":"Dalyander, P., Long, J.W., Plant, N.G., McLaughlin, M.R., and Mickey, R., 2015, Field observations of artificial sand and oil agglomerates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1057, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151057.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059854","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151057.jpg"},{"id":300346,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1057/ofr2015-1057_title-page.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":299400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1057/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Pinellas County","city":"St. Petersberg","otherGeospatial":"Fort De Soto Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.75074005126953,\n              27.604910228553223\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.75074005126953,\n              27.633048834227715\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72069931030273,\n              27.633048834227715\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72069931030273,\n              27.604910228553223\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.75074005126953,\n              27.604910228553223\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55531620e4b0a92fa7e94c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalyander, Patricia (Soupy) 0000-0001-9583-0872 sdalyander@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":5318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"Patricia (Soupy)","email":"sdalyander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, Molly R. 0000-0001-6962-6392 mmclaughlin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-6392","contributorId":4089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Molly","email":"mmclaughlin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mickey, Rangley C. rmickey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickey","given":"Rangley C.","email":"rmickey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70140155,"text":"ds912 - 2015 - Geospatial data for coal beds in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T11:25:23","indexId":"ds912","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"912","title":"Geospatial data for coal beds in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The purpose of this report is to provide geospatial data for various layers and themes in a Geographic Information System (GIS) format for the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana. In 2015, as part of the U.S. Coal Resources and Reserves Assessment Project, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of coal resources and reserves within the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana. This report is supplemental to USGS Professional Paper 1809 and contains GIS data that can be used to view digital layers or themes, including the Tertiary limit of the Powder River Basin boundary, locations of drill holes, clinker, mined coal, land use and technical restrictions, geology, mineral estate ownership, coal thickness, depth to the top of the coal bed (overburden), and coal reliability categories. Larger scale maps may be viewed using the GIS data provided in this report supplemental to the page-size maps provided in USGS Professional Paper 1809. Additionally, these GIS data can be exported to other digital applications as needed by the user. The database used for this report contains a total of 29,928 drill holes, of which 21,393 are in the public domain. The public domain database is linked to the geodatabase in this report so that the user can access the drill-hole data through GIS applications. Results of this report are available at the USGS Energy Resources Program Web site,</span><a href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/RegionalStudies/PowderRiverBasin.aspx\">http://energy.usgs.gov/RegionalStudies/PowderRiverBasin.aspx</a><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds912","usgsCitation":"Kinney, S.A., Scott, D.C., Osmonson, L.M., and Luppens, J.A., 2015, Geospatial data for coal beds in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 912, Report: v, 7 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds912.","productDescription":"Report: v, 7 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053957","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds912.jpg"},{"id":300340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0912/pdf/ds912.pdf","size":"920 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":300343,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1809/","text":"This report supplements Professional Paper 1809"},{"id":300341,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0912/"},{"id":300342,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0912/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Readme file for more information."}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.68823242187499,\n              44.374913492661456\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.776123046875,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.8255615234375,\n              44.57090430226871\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.8585205078125,\n              44.64129986075226\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9189453125,\n              44.750634493861064\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.98486328124999,\n              44.86365630540611\n            ],\n            [\n          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,{"id":70147789,"text":"sir20155006 - 2015 - Summary of urban stormwater quality in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2003-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T11:28:25","indexId":"sir20155006","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5006","title":"Summary of urban stormwater quality in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2003-12","docAbstract":"<p>Urban stormwater in the Albuquerque metropolitan area was sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque, the Albuquerque Metropolitan Arroyo Flood Control Authority, the New Mexico Department of Transportation, and the University of New Mexico. Stormwater was sampled from a network of monitoring stations from 2003 to 2012 by following regulatory requirements for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System stormwater permit. During this period, stormwater was sampled in the Albuquerque metropolitan area at outfalls from nine drainage basins with residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural, and undeveloped land uses. Stormwater samples were analyzed for selected physical and chemical characteristics, nutrients, major ions, metals, organic compounds, and bacteria.</p>\n<p>General quality of stormwater samples, as measured by dissolved solids, nutrient (with the exception of phosphorus), major ion, and dissolved metal concentrations, was similar to that in samples from the Rio Grande.</p>\n<p>Of the nearly 200 organic compounds that were analyzed for this study, less than one-third (58 constituents) were positively identified at or above the analytical detection limit in stormwater. Concentrations for volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides were generally low in the stormwater samples. Fifteen of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Priority Chemicals list were detected in at least one stormwater sample from each outfall. Maximum concentrations for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in stormwater did exceed a water-quality criterion.</p>\n<p>Median concentrations for&nbsp;<i>Escherichia coli&nbsp;</i>(<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria in the stormwater samples, including those from the background location (Embudo Arroyo), were above the New Mexico water-quality standard. Concentrations for&nbsp;<i>E. coli</i>&nbsp;in stormwater often exceeded the water-quality criterion.</p>\n<p>The stormwater quality in Albuquerque was compared with that of six other Western U.S. cities (Phoenix, Arizona; Tucson, Arizona; Las Vegas, Nevada; Denver, Colorado; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Boise, Idaho) for selected constituents. In general, water-quality data for stormwater samples from these six other Western U.S. cities were similar to water-quality data for the stormwater samples from the Albuquerque outfalls. Median concentrations for suspended solids, total phosphorus, and bacteria (<i>E. coli</i>&nbsp;and fecal coliform) in stormwater samples from the Albuquerque outfalls, as a whole, were higher than those in samples from the other Western U.S. cities except for Las Vegas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque, the Albuquerque Metropolitan Arroyo Flood Control Authority, the New Mexico Department of Transportation, and the University of New Mexico","usgsCitation":"Storms, E.F., Oelsner, G.P., Locke, E.A., Stevens, M.R., and Romero, O.C., 2015, Summary of urban stormwater quality in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2003-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5006, ix, 48 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155006.","productDescription":"ix, 48 p.; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053307","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155006.jpg"},{"id":300330,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5006/pdf/sir2015-5006.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300331,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5006/downloads/sir2015-5006_appendix1","text":"Appendix 1","description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":300332,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5006/downloads/sir2015-5006_appendix2","text":"Appendix 2","description":"Appendix 2"},{"id":300333,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5006/downloads/sir2015-5006_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"238 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 3"},{"id":300127,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5006/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.81869506835938,\n              35.0120020431607\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.81869506835938,\n              35.2355245419696\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.46026611328125,\n              35.2355245419696\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.46026611328125,\n              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,{"id":70145564,"text":"sir20155048 - 2015 - Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers on the periphery of Missouri, June 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T10:31:47","indexId":"sir20155048","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5048","title":"Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers on the periphery of Missouri, June 2014","docAbstract":"<p>Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, in the vicinity of 8 bridges at 7 highway crossings of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers on the periphery of Missouri from June 3 to 11, 2014. A multibeam echosounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,525 to 1,640 feet longitudinally, and extending laterally across the active channel from bank to bank during low- to moderate-flow conditions. These bathymetric surveys indicate the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be useful to the Missouri Department of Transportation as a low- to moderate-flow comparison to help assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods.</p>\n<p>Bathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or in very shallow water (less than about 6 feet). Scour holes were observed at most piers for which bathymetry could be obtained, except at piers on channel banks, on exposed bedrock outcrops, or surrounded by riprap. Scour holes observed at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to depth and shape, and the effects of riprap blankets or other rock near the piers. The presence of riprap blankets, depth of fluvial material on top of a riprap blanket, and alignment to flow had a substantial effect on the size of the scour hole observed for a given pier. Piers that were surrounded by riprap blankets had scour holes that were substantially smaller (to non-existent) compared to piers at which no rock or riprap was present. Although exposure of parts of foundational support elements was observed at several piers, at most sites the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in channel-bed material; however, there were several notable exceptions where the bed material thickness between the bottom of the scour hole and bedrock was less than 6 feet. Such substantial exposure of usually buried substructural elements may warrant special observation in future flood events, even when designed to be exposed.</p>\n<p>Previous bathymetric surveys had been done at both of the sites on the Missouri River and one of the sites on the Mississippi River examined in this study. Comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys during the 2011 flood and those of this study generally indicate that there was an increase in the elevation of the channel bed at these sites that likely was caused by a substantial decrease in discharge and water-surface elevation compared to the 2011 surveys. However, the scour holes observed at these sites were either the same size or larger in 2014 compared to the 2011 surveys, indicating that the flow condition is not the sole variable in the determination of the size of scour holes, and that local velocity and depth also are critical variables, as indicated by predictive pier scour equations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2015, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers on the periphery of Missouri, June 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5048, ix, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155048.","productDescription":"ix, 81 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huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70140149,"text":"ofr20151014 - 2015 - Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T08:36:23","indexId":"ofr20151014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1014","title":"Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Over the past decade, the Mississippi Barrier Islands have been the focus of a comprehensive geologic investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the National Park Service (NPS). The islands (Dauphin, Petite Bois, Horn, East Ship, West Ship, and Cat) are part of the Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS), and provide a diverse ecological habitat, protect the mainland from storm waves, and help maintain estuarine conditions within Mississippi Sound. Over the past century, the islands have been in a state of decline with respect to elevation and land-area loss. In 2005, the islands were severely impacted by Hurricane Katrina, which inundated them with a storm surge of 8 meters, causing severe shoreface erosion and widening breaches in Dauphin, West Ship, and Cat Islands. To evaluate the impact and fate of the islands, understanding their evolution and resiliency became a priority for the USGS under the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. The project formed the basis for collaboration with the USACE Mississippi Coastal Improvement Project, which is intended to restore portions of coastal Mississippi and GUIS affected by storm impact. Since then, many studies have contributed to our understanding of the islands&rsquo; morphology and nearshore stratigraphy. This report expands upon the nearshore component to provide a stratigraphic and morphologic assessment offshore of Petit Bois Island.</p>\n<p>In June 2013, as part of the MsCIP project, the USGS conducted a geophysical survey consisting of about 650 line-kilometers (km), encompassing an area of approximately 212 square kilometers (km<sup>2</sup>). The survey area extended from 1 to 13 km offshore of Petite Bois Island. The geophysical investigation included interferometric swath bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and chirp subbottom profiling. The intent of the survey was to provide geologic information that would assist the USACE in developing a sediment sampling strategy for identifying deposits suitable for shoreline restoration operations. The data from the geophysical survey would also further our understanding of the geologic framework along the inner shelf. Numerous seafloor and subbottom features were identified. At the surface, shoals and shelf sand sheets of various sizes and orientations are the predominant morphology. In the subsurface, Holocene- and Pleistocene-age features include marine transgressive deposits infilling older fluvia distributary systems. These interpretations from the geophysical research were integrated with sediment cores collected by the USGS and USACE to provide textural and volumetric information.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Kindinger, J., Kelso, K.W., Bernier, J., DeWitt, N.T., and FitzHarris, M., 2015, Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1014, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151014.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057521","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science 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,{"id":70145954,"text":"sir20155053 - 2015 - Analysis of regional rainfall-runoff parameters for the Lake Michigan Diversion hydrological modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T09:30:22","indexId":"sir20155053","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5053","title":"Analysis of regional rainfall-runoff parameters for the Lake Michigan Diversion hydrological modeling","docAbstract":"<p>The Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting (LMDA) system has been developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District (USACE-Chicago) and the State of Illinois as a part of the interstate Great Lakes water regulatory program. The diverted Lake Michigan watershed is a 673-square-mile watershed that is comprised of the Chicago River and Calumet River watersheds. They originally drained into Lake Michigan, but now flow to the Mississippi River watershed via three canals constructed in the Chicago area in the early twentieth century. Approximately 393 square miles of the diverted watershed is ungaged, and the runoff from the ungaged portion of the diverted watershed has been estimated by the USACE-Chicago using the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) program. The accuracy of simulated runoff depends on the accuracy of the parameter set used in the HSPF program. Nine parameter sets comprised of the North Branch, Little Calumet, Des Plaines, Hickory Creek, CSSC, NIPC, 1999, CTE, and 2008 have been developed at different time periods and used by the USACE-Chicago. In this study, the U.S. Geological Survey and the USACE-Chicago collaboratively analyzed the parameter sets using nine gaged watersheds in or adjacent to the diverted watershed to assess the predictive accuracies of selected parameter sets. Six of the parameter sets, comprising North Branch, Hickory Creek, NIPC, 1999, CTE, and 2008, were applied to the nine gaged watersheds for evaluating their simulation accuracy from water years 1996 to 2011. The nine gaged watersheds were modeled by using the three LMDA land-cover types (grass, forest, and hydraulically connected imperviousness) based on the 2006 National Land Cover Database, and the latest meteorological and precipitation data consistent with the current (2014) LMDA modeling framework.</p>\n<p>Results indicate that the North Branch and Hickory Creek parameter sets, which belong to the original calibration group, attained an overall &ldquo;satisfactory&rdquo; rating on monthly runoff volumes based on the three performance statistics selected, but the annual and over-the-period runoff volumes were generally underestimated. Parameter sets CTE and 2008 attained a similar satisfactory rating on monthly runoff volumes but the annual and over-the-period runoff volumes were overestimated in general. Although the percent bias was improved, the CTE and 2008 parameter sets also had increased residuals in monthly runoff volumes and decreased quality of the model fit to the measured streamflows relative to the North Branch and Hickory Creek parameter sets. The NIPC and 1999 parameter sets, on the other hand, had larger percent bias and residuals in monthly runoff volumes, and underestimated the annual and over-the-period runoff volumes.</p>\n<p>Recalibration of the HSPF parameters to the updated inputs and land covers was completed on two representative watershed models selected from the nine by using a manual method (HSPEXP) and an automatic method (PEST). The objective of the recalibration was to develop a regional parameter set that improves the accuracy in runoff volume prediction for the nine study watersheds. Knowledge about flow and watershed characteristics plays a vital role for validating the calibration in both manual and automatic methods. The best performing parameter set was determined by the automatic calibration method on a two-watershed model. Applying this newly determined parameter set to the nine watersheds for runoff volume simulation resulted in &ldquo;very good&rdquo; ratings in five watersheds, an improvement as compared to &ldquo;very good&rdquo; ratings achieved for three watersheds by the North Branch parameter set.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District","usgsCitation":"Soong, D.T., and Over, T.M., 2015, Analysis of regional rainfall-runoff parameters for the Lake Michigan Diversion hydrological modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5053, vii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155053.","productDescription":"vii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044193","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science 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,{"id":70144853,"text":"ofr20151065 - 2015 - Results from laboratory and field testing of nitrate measuring spectrophotometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T13:25:42","indexId":"ofr20151065","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-11T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1065","title":"Results from laboratory and field testing of nitrate measuring spectrophotometers","docAbstract":"<p>Five ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer nitrate analyzers were evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) during a two-phase evaluation. In Phase I, the TriOS ProPs (10-millimeter (mm) path length), Hach NITRATAX plus sc (5-mm path length), Satlantic Submersible UV Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA, 10-mm path length), and S::CAN Spectro::lyser (5-mm path length) were evaluated in the HIF Water-Quality Servicing Laboratory to determine the validity of the manufacturer's technical specifications for accuracy, limit of linearity (LOL), drift, and range of operating temperature. Accuracy specifications were met in the TriOS, Hach, and SUNA. The stock calibration of the S::CAN required two offset adjustments before the analyzer met the manufacturer's accuracy specification. Instrument drift was observed only in the S::CAN and was the result of leaching from the optical path insert seals. All tested models, except for the Hach, met their specified LOL in the laboratory testing. The Hach's range was found to be approximately 18 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg-N/L) and not the manufacturer-specified 25 mg-N/L. Measurements by all of the tested analyzers showed signs of hysteresis in the operating temperature tests. Only the SUNA measurements demonstrated excessive noise and instability in temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius (&deg;C). The SUNA analyzer was returned to the manufacturer at the completion of the Phase II field deployment evaluation for repair and recalibration, and the performance of the sensor improved significantly.</p>\n<p>In Phase II, the analyzers were deployed in field conditions at three diferent USGS sites. The measured nitrate concentrations were compared to discrete (reference) samples analyzed by the Direct UV method on a Shimadzu UV1800 bench top spectrophotometer, and by the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) method I-2548-11 at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory. The first deployment at USGS site 0249620 on the East Pearl River in Hancock County, Mississippi, tested the ability of the TriOs ProPs (10-mm path length), Hach NITRATAX (5 mm), Satlantic SUNA (10 mm), and the S::CAN Spectro::lyser (5 mm) to accurately measure low-level (less than 2 mg-N/L) nitrate concentrations while observing the effect turbidity and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) would have on the analyzers' measurements. The second deployment at USGS site 01389005 Passaic River below Pompton River at Two Bridges, New Jersey, tested the analyzer's accuracy in mid-level (2-8 mg-N/L) nitrate concentrations. This site provided the means to test the analyzers' performance in two distinct matrices&mdash;the Passaic and the Pompton Rivers. In this deployment, three instruments tested in Phase I (TriOS, Hach, and SUNA) were deployed with the S::CAN Spectro::lyser (35 mm) already placed by the New Jersey Water Science Center (WSC). The third deployment at USGS site 05579610 Kickapoo Creek at 2100E Road near Bloomington, Illinois, tested the ability of the analyzers to measure high nitrate concentrations (greater than 8 mg-N/L) in turbid waters. For Kickapoo Creek, the HIF provided the TriOS (10 mm) and S::CAN (5 mm) from Phase I, and a SUNA V2 (5 mm) to be deployed adjacent to the Illinois WSC-owned Hach (2 mm). A total of 40 discrete samples were collected from the three deployment sites and analyzed. The nitrate concentration of the samples ranged from 0.3&ndash;22.2 mg-N/L. The average absolute difference between the TriOS measurements and discrete samples was 0.46 mg-N/L. For the combined data from the Hach 5-mm and 2-mm analyzers, the average absolute difference between the Hach samples and the discrete samples was 0.13 mg-N/L. For the SUNA and SUNA V2 combined data, the average absolute difference between the SUNA samples and the discrete samples was 0.66 mg-N/L. The average absolute difference between the S::CAN samples and the discrete samples was 0.63 mg-N/L.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151065","usgsCitation":"Snazelle, T., 2015, Results from laboratory and field testing of nitrate measuring spectrophotometers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1065, v, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151065.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057525","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151065.jpg"},{"id":300294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1065/pdf/ofr2015-1065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1065/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551c4aae4b0a92fa7e93b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snazelle, Teri T. tsnazelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":5663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snazelle","given":"Teri T.","email":"tsnazelle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70147964,"text":"sir20155027 - 2015 - The source, discharge, and chemical characteristics of selected springs, and the abundance and health of associated endemic anuran species in the Mojave network parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T14:51:12.751726","indexId":"sir20155027","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-11T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5027","title":"The source, discharge, and chemical characteristics of selected springs, and the abundance and health of associated endemic anuran species in the Mojave network parks","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrological and biological investigations were done during 2005 and 2006 in cooperation with the U.S. National Park Service to investigate the source, discharge, and chemical characteristics of selected springs and the abundance and health of endemic anuran (frog and toad) species at Darwin Falls in Death Valley National Park, Piute Spring in Mojave National Preserve, and Fortynine Palms Oasis in Joshua Tree National Park. Discharge from the springs at these sites sustains isolated riparian habitats in the normally dry Mojave Desert. Data were collected on water quantity (discharge) and quality, air and water temperature, and abundance and health of endemic anuran species. In addition, a single survey of the abundance and health of endemic anuran species was completed at Rattlesnake Canyon in Joshua Tree National Park. Results from this study were compared to limited historical data, where they exist, and can provide a baseline for future hydrological and biological investigations to evaluate the health and sustainability of the resource and its response to changing climate and increasing human use.</p>\n<p>Radiocarbon dating of the water yielded estimated ages of about 7,000 years at Piute Spring and about 3,000 years at Darwin Spring, and tritium-helium-3 dating indicated an age of less than 2 years at Fortynine Palms Oasis. Stable hydrogen-isotope ratios were used to interpret an average altitude of recharge of 2,348 meters for Darwin Spring (about 1,415 meters higher than the altitude of Darwin Spring), 1,668 meters for Piute Spring (about 766 meters higher than the altitude of Piute Spring), and 1,400 meters for the Upper Pool at Fortynine Palms Oasis (about 543 meters higher than the altitude of the Upper Pool). Water-quality data collected for this study did not appear to be sensitive to trends in precipitation or seasonality in the Darwin Falls and Piute Spring study areas; however, it was sensitive to trends in Fortynine Palms Oasis where salinity increased by more than 10 percent during the 2 years of this study. Such a rapid response is consistent with the comparatively short travel time of less than 2 years from recharge to discharge at Fortynine Palms Oasis. Of the 14 trace elements analyzed, only concentrations of uranium at Fortynine Palms Oasis and arsenic at Darwin Spring were above drinking water standards; both constituents are derived from natural sources in the drainage basin and, therefore, are likely to have accumulated as a result of natural processes.</p>\n<p>Endemic anuran species were surveyed at Darwin Falls for the western toad (<i>Anaxyrus boreas</i>) and the red-spotted toad (<i>Anaxyrus punctatus</i>), at Piute Spring for the red-spotted toad, and at Fortynine Palms Oasis for the red-spotted toad and California treefrog (<i>Pseudacris cadaverina</i>). Historically, red-spotted toads were at the edge of their range at Darwin Falls, but they were not detected during this study and have not been detected since the early 1980s. The 2006 western toad population at Darwin Falls was estimated at 381 adults (95-percent confidence interval [CI] of 314&ndash;482). The population of red-spotted toads at Piute Spring was estimated at 1,153 adults (95-percent CI of 935&ndash;1,503). However, an elevated rate of abnormalities (approximately 5 percent) was recorded in red-spotted toads as well as the presence of the chytrid fungus,<i>Bactrochochytrium dendrobatidis</i>, at Piute Spring. In Joshua Tree National Park, the California treefrog now occupies only three of the seven historically occupied drainages. Populations of California treefrogs at Fortynine Palms Oasis have declined more than 50 percent from 288 in 1969&ndash;71 to 109 in 2006. A similar decline was observed in the populations of red-spotted toads at Fortynine Palms Oasis from 300 adults in 1969&ndash;71 to 155 adults (95-percent CI of 90&ndash;139) in 2006. The red-spotted toads at Fortynine Palms Oasis also exhibited the presence of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>Bactrochochytrium dendrobatidis</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.A., Smith, G.A., Martin, P., Flint, A.L., Gallegos, E., and Fisher, R.N., 2015, The source, discharge, and chemical characteristics of selected springs, and the abundance and health of associated endemic anuran species in the Mojave network parks: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5027, xviii, 128 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155027.","productDescription":"xviii, 128 p.","numberOfPages":"150","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-002272","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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raschroe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Roy","email":"raschroe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":546512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":546510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallegos, Elizabeth 0000-0002-8402-2631 egallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-2631","contributorId":1528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Elizabeth","email":"egallegos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 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,{"id":70186235,"text":"70186235 - 2015 - Monitoring Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem wetlands: Can long-term monitoring help us understand their future?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:04:34","indexId":"70186235","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3802,"text":"Yellowstone Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem wetlands: Can long-term monitoring help us understand their future?","docAbstract":"<p>In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), changes in the drying cycles of wetlands have been documented. Wetlands are areas where the water table is at or near the land surface and standing shallow water is present for much or all of the growing season. We discuss how monitoring data can be used to document variation in annual flooding and drying patterns of wetlands monitored across Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks, investigate how these patterns are related to a changing climate, and explore how drying of wetlands may impact amphibians. The documented declines of some amphibian species are of growing concern to scientists and land managers alike, in part because disappearances have occurred in some of the most protected places. These disappearances are a recognized component of what is being described as Earth’s sixth mass extinction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Yellowstone Association for Natural Science","publisherLocation":"Yellowstone National Park, WY","usgsCitation":"Ray, A.M., Sepulveda, A.J., Hossack, B.R., Patla, D., Thoma, D., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., and Litt, A., 2015, Monitoring Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem wetlands: Can long-term monitoring help us understand their future?: Yellowstone Science, v. 23, no. 1, p. 44-53.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-054854","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339004,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/yellowstone-science.htm"},{"id":339027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patla, Debra","contributorId":190257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patla","given":"Debra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thoma, David","contributorId":190258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoma","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Litt, Andrea R.","contributorId":22226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litt","given":"Andrea R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70176907,"text":"70176907 - 2015 - Conservation paleobiology: Leveraging knowledge of the past to inform conservation and restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:03:54","indexId":"70176907","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":806,"text":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation paleobiology: Leveraging knowledge of the past to inform conservation and restoration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Humans now play a major role in altering Earth and its biota. Finding ways to ameliorate human impacts on biodiversity and to sustain and restore the ecosystem services on which we depend is a grand scientific and societal challenge. Conservation paleobiology is an emerging discipline that uses geohistorical data to meet these challenges by developing and testing models of how biota respond to environmental stressors. Here we (</span><i>a</i><span>) describe how the discipline has already provided insights about biotic responses to key environmental stressors, (</span><i>b</i><span>) outline research aimed at disentangling the effects of multiple stressors, (</span><i>c</i><span>) provide examples of deliverables for managers and policy makers, and (</span><i>d</i><span>) identify methodological advances in geohistorical analysis that will foster the next major breakthroughs in conservation outcomes. We highlight cases for which exclusive reliance on observations of living biota may lead researchers to erroneous conclusions about the nature and magnitude of biotic change, vulnerability, and resilience.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews Inc.","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, CA","doi":"10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133349","usgsCitation":"Dietl, G.P., Kidwell, S.M., Brenner, M., Burney, D.A., Flessa, K.W., Jackson, S.T., and Koch, P.L., 2015, Conservation paleobiology: Leveraging knowledge of the past to inform conservation and restoration: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 43, p. 79-103, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133349.","startPage":"79","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-056769","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffdeffe4b0824b2d179cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietl, Gregory P.","contributorId":175306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietl","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kidwell, Susan M.","contributorId":18003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidwell","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33013,"text":"Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, Mark","contributorId":86380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burney, David A.","contributorId":175307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burney","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flessa, Karl W.","contributorId":175308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flessa","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koch, Paul L.","contributorId":6742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70144994,"text":"sir20155051 - 2015 - Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Indianapolis, Indiana, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-08T13:47:45","indexId":"sir20155051","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-08T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5051","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Indianapolis, Indiana, 2014","docAbstract":"<p>Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.4-mile reach of the White River in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 0.3 miles upstream of Michigan Street to the Harding Street Generating Station dam (at the confluence with Lick Creek), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/</a>, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the White River at Indianapolis, Ind. (station number 03353000). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/</a>or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at<a href=\"http://water.weather.gov/ahps/\">http://water.weather.gov/ahps/</a>, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site.</p>\n<p>Flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated by using the current stage-discharge relations at three USGS streamgages: the White River at Indianapolis (station number 03353000), the White River at Michigan Street at Indianapolis (station number 03352953), and the White River at Stout Generating Station at Indianapolis (station number 03353611).</p>\n<p>The hydraulic model was then used to compute 11 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the White River at Indianapolis streamgage datum and ranging from 10 ft, or the NWS &ldquo;action stage,&rdquo; to 20 ft, which is the highest stage in the stage-discharge relation for the streamgage and the NWS &ldquo;moderate flood stage.&rdquo;</p>\n<p>The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging [lidar] data having a vertical 0.183-ft root mean squared error and 5.0-ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.</p>\n<p>The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage and forecasted high-flow stages from the NWS, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Indianapolis, Indiana, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5051, Report: iv, 12 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155051.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061280","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155051.jpg"},{"id":300235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5051/"},{"id":300236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5051/pdf/sir2015-5051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5051/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database."}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Indianapolis","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.20121955871582,\n              39.781036016645544\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.18001937866211,\n              39.77773791337689\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1709213256836,\n              39.767116946991244\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.16508483886719,\n              39.742306320384046\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.16911888122559,\n              39.71484585272144\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.17641448974608,\n              39.70758284298595\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.18611335754395,\n              39.70698856289375\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.18568420410156,\n              39.69629064595011\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.18894577026367,\n              39.69596043694606\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.21769905090332,\n              39.717090628297655\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.21769905090332,\n              39.72342842379847\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1990737915039,\n              39.735574237097275\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1796760559082,\n              39.73735632314099\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.17401123046875,\n              39.74316428375111\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.20121955871582,\n              39.781036016645544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554dd01ae4b082ec54129ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70142865,"text":"ds911 - 2015 - Database for the geologic map of Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-08T13:21:06","indexId":"ds911","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-08T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"911","title":"Database for the geologic map of Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p><span>This dataset contains contacts, geologic units, and map boundaries from Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1371, \"The Geologic map of upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone, National Park, Wyoming\". This dataset was constructed to produce a digital geologic map as a basis for ongoing studies of hydrothermal processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds911","usgsCitation":"Abendini, A.A., Robinson, J., Muffler, L.P., White, D., Beeson, M.H., and Truesdell, A.H., 2015, Database for the geologic map of Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 911, Geodatabase; FGDC Styles/Fonts; Shapefile; Readme; Metadata; Map: 35.99 x 40.49 inches; ArcMap, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds911.","productDescription":"Geodatabase; FGDC Styles/Fonts; Shapefile; Readme; Metadata; Map: 35.99 x 40.49 inches; ArcMap","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051097","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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,{"id":70147544,"text":"ofr20151086 - 2015 - Gravity data from the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T14:27:38","indexId":"ofr20151086","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-08T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1086","title":"Gravity data from the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Observations of very small changes of Earth&rsquo;s gravitational field (time-lapse gravity) provide a direct, non-invasive method for measuring changes in aquifer storage change. An existing network of gravity stations in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed was revised in 2014 to better understand the spatial distribution of changes in aquifer storage, especially with relation to ephemeral channel recharge and a groundwater cone of depression associated with pumping in the greater Sierra Vista area. In addition, the network was extended to provide baseline data for possible future enhanced-recharge projects.</p>\n<p>This report (1) summarizes changes to the Sierra Vista Subwatershed regional time-lapse gravity network with respect to station locations and (2) presents 2014 and 2015 gravity measurements and gravity values at each station. A prior gravity network, established between 2000 and 2005, was revised in 2014 to cover a larger number of stations over a smaller geographic area in order to decrease measurement and interpolation uncertainty. The network currently consists of 59 gravity stations, including 14 absolute-gravity stations. Following above-average rainfall during summer 2014, gravity increased at all but one of the absolute-gravity stations that were observed in both June 2014 and January 2015. This increase in gravity indicates increased groundwater storage in the aquifer and (or) unsaturated zone as a result of rainfall and infiltration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., 2015, Gravity data from the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1086, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151086.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063495","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151086.JPG"},{"id":337238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XHX","text":"Gravity change from 2014 to 2015, Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona"},{"id":300166,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1086/"},{"id":300168,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1086/pdf/ofr2015-1086.pdf","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.37483215332031,\n              31.357741484720663\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.37483215332031,\n              31.65221239429719\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              31.65221239429719\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0830078125,\n              31.357741484720663\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.37483215332031,\n              31.357741484720663\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554dd01be4b082ec54129eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70147833,"text":"70147833 - 2015 - Habitat use patterns of the invasive red lionfish <i>Pterois volitans</i>: a comparison between mangrove and reef systems in San Salvador, Bahamas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-22T18:36:22","indexId":"70147833","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-07T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use patterns of the invasive red lionfish <i>Pterois volitans</i>: a comparison between mangrove and reef systems in San Salvador, Bahamas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Indo-Pacific red lionfish&nbsp;</span><i>Pterois volitans</i><span>&nbsp;is widespread both in its native and its non-native habitats. The rapid invasion of this top predator has had a marked negative effect on fish populations in the Western Atlantic and the Caribbean. It is now well documented that lionfish are invading many tropical and sub-tropical habitats. However, there are fewer data available on the change in lionfish abundance over time and the variation of body size and diet across habitats. A recent study in San Salvador, Bahamas, found body size differences between individuals from mangrove and reef systems. That study further suggested that ontogenetic investigation of habitat use patterns could help clarify whether lionfish are using the mangrove areas of San Salvador as nurseries. The aim of the present study is to determine temporal trends in lionfish relative abundance in mangrove and reef systems in San Salvador, and to further assess whether there is evidence suggesting an ontogenetic shift from mangroves to reef areas. Accordingly, we collected lionfish from mangrove and reef habitats and calculated catch per unit effort (a proxy for relative abundance), compared body size distributions across these two systems, and employed a combination of stable isotope, stomach content, and genetic analyses of prey, to evaluate differences in lionfish trophic interactions and habitat use patterns. Our results show that populations may have increased in San Salvador during the last 4&nbsp;years, and that there is a strong similarity in body size between habitats, stark differences in prey items, and no apparent overlap in the use of habitat and/or food resources. These results suggest that there is not evidence an for ontogenetic shift from mangroves to reefs, and support other studies that propose lionfish are opportunistic forages with little movement across habitats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/maec.12114","usgsCitation":"Pimiento, C., Nifong, J.C., Hunter, M.E., Monaco, E., and Silliman, B.R., 2015, Habitat use patterns of the invasive red lionfish <i>Pterois volitans</i>: a comparison between mangrove and reef systems in San Salvador, Bahamas: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 36, no. 1, p. 28-37, https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12114.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044197","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bahamas","state":"San Salvador","otherGeospatial":"Graham's Harbor, Pigeon Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.47494506835938,\n              24.119181784645278\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.47494506835938,\n              24.12826860596954\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4594955444336,\n              24.12826860596954\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4594955444336,\n              24.119181784645278\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.47494506835938,\n              24.119181784645278\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.49348449707031,\n              23.958018806761356\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.49348449707031,\n              23.966175871265044\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4824981689453,\n              23.966175871265044\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4824981689453,\n              23.958018806761356\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.49348449707031,\n              23.958018806761356\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554c7ea9e4b082ec54128481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pimiento, Catalina","contributorId":140625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pimiento","given":"Catalina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13453,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nifong, James C.","contributorId":140624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nifong","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13453,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":140622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monaco, Eric","contributorId":140623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monaco","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13453,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silliman, Brian R.","contributorId":53659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliman","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70129171,"text":"ofr20141125 - 2015 - Historic and forecasted population and land-cover change in eastern North Carolina, 1992-2030","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:40:40","indexId":"ofr20141125","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-07T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1125","title":"Historic and forecasted population and land-cover change in eastern North Carolina, 1992-2030","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Southeast Regional Partnership for Planning and Sustainability (SERPPAS) was formed in 2005 as a partnership between the Department of Defense (DOD) and State and Federal agencies to promote better collaboration in making resource-use decisions. In support of this goal, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study to evaluate historic population growth and land-cover change, and to model future change, for the 13-county SERPPAS study area in southeastern North Carolina (fig. 1). Improved understanding of trends in land-cover change and the ability to forecast land-cover change that is consistent with these trends will be a key component of efforts to accommodate local military-mission imperatives while also promoting sustainable economic growth throughout the 13-county study area. The study had three principal objectives:</span><br /><br /><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Evaluate historic changes in population and land cover for the period 1992&ndash;2006 using both previously existing as well as newly generated land-cover data.</span><br /><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Develop models to forecast future change in land cover using the data gathered in objective 1 in conjunction with ancillary data on the suitability of the various sub-areas within the study area for low- and high-intensity urban development.</span><br /><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.&nbsp;&nbsp;Deliver these results&mdash;including an executive-level briefing and a USGS technical report&mdash;to DOD, other project cooperators, and local counties in hard-copy and digital formats and via the Web through a map-based data viewer.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span>This report provides a general overview of the study and is intended for general distribution to non-technical 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Wetlands rely on organic material and inorganic sediment deposition to maintain their elevation relative to sea level. The U.S. Geological Survey performed observational deployments to measure suspended-sediment concentration and water flow rates in the tidal channels of the wetlands in the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge in Wells, Maine. The objective was to characterize the sediment-transport mechanisms that contribute to the net sediment budget of the wetland complex. We deployed a meteorological tower, optical turbidity sensors, and acoustic velocity meters at sites on Stephens Brook and the Ogunquit River between March 27 and December 9, 2013. This report presents the time-series oceanographic and atmospheric data collected during those field studies. The oceanographic parameters include water velocity, depth, turbidity, salinity, temperature, and pH. 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Drip irrigation is especially apparent in New Jersey where large plantings of truck crops are common. Subsurface drip and flood irrigation methods were not accounted for in this dataset. The U.S. Geological Survey collected these data to enhance the understanding of irrigation water demand and associated groundwater withdrawals for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain.</p>\n<p>The digitized acreage totals were compared with the irrigation estimates provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture farm and ranch irrigation survey, which is the most comprehensive source of information on irrigation water use within the agricultural industry. This survey collects information on a wide range of topics, including the amount of water used, total acres irrigated, crop specific data, and even energy costs. 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,{"id":70147104,"text":"ofr20151084 - 2015 - Estimated abundance of wild burros surveyed on Bureau of Land Management Lands in 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T13:43:32","indexId":"ofr20151084","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-05T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1084","title":"Estimated abundance of wild burros surveyed on Bureau of Land Management Lands in 2014","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) requires accurate estimates of the numbers of wild horses (</span><i>Equus ferus caballus</i><span>) and burros (</span><i>Equus asinus</i><span>) living on the lands it manages. For over ten years, BLM in Arizona has used the simultaneous double-observer method of recording wild burros during aerial surveys and has reported population estimates for those surveys that come from two formulations of a Lincoln-Petersen type of analysis (Graham and Bell, 1989). In this report, I provide those same two types of burro population analysis for 2014 aerial survey data from six herd management areas (HMAs) in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah. I also provide burro population estimates based on a different form of simultaneous double-observer analysis, now in widespread use for wild horse surveys that takes into account the potential effects on detection probability of sighting covariates including group size, distance, vegetative cover, and other factors (Huggins, 1989, 1991). The true number of burros present in the six areas surveyed was not known, so population estimates made with these three types of analyses cannot be directly tested for accuracy in this report. I discuss theoretical reasons why the Huggins (1989, 1991) type of analysis should provide less biased estimates of population size than the Lincoln-Petersen analyses and why estimates from all forms of double-observer analyses are likely to be lower than the true number of animals present in the surveyed areas. I note reasons why I suggest using burro observations made at all available distances in analyses, not only those within 200 meters of the flight path. For all analytical methods, small sample sizes of observed groups can be problematic, but that sample size can be increased over time for Huggins (1989, 1991) analyses by pooling observations. I note ways by which burro population estimates could be tested for accuracy when there are radio-collared animals in the population or when there are simultaneous double-observer surveys before and after a burro gather and removal.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151084","usgsCitation":"Griffin, P., 2015, Estimated abundance of wild burros surveyed on Bureau of Land Management Lands in 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1084, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151084.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-061360","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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,{"id":70102607,"text":"sir20135040 - 2015 - Hydrology of the middle San Pedro area, southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:20:22","indexId":"sir20135040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-05T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5040","title":"Hydrology of the middle San Pedro area, southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>In the middle San Pedro Watershed in southeastern Arizona, groundwater is the primary source of water supply for municipal, domestic, industrial, and agricultural use. The watershed comprises two smaller subareas, the Benson subarea and the Narrows-Redington subarea. Early 21st century projections for heavy population growth in the watershed have not yet become a reality, but increased groundwater withdrawals could have undesired consequences - such as decreased base flow to the San Pedro River, and groundwater-level declines - that would lead to the need to deepen existing wells. This report describes the hydrology, hydrochemistry, water quality, and development of a groundwater budget for the middle San Pedro Watershed, focusing primarily on the elements of groundwater movement that could be most useful for the development of a groundwater model</p><p>Precipitation data from Tombstone, Arizona, and base flow at the stream-gaging station on the San Pedro River at Charleston both show relatively dry periods during the 1960s through the mid-1980s and in the mid-1990s to 2009, and wetter periods from the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s. Water levels in four out of five wells near the mountain fronts show cyclical patterns of recharge, with rates of recharge greatest in the early 1980s through the mid-1990s. Three wells near the San Pedro River recorded their lowest levels during the 1950s to the mid-1960s. The water-level record from one well, completed in the confined part of the coarse-grained lower basin fill, showed a decline of approximately 21 meters.</p><p>Annual flow of the San Pedro River, measured at the Charleston and Redington gages, has decreased since the 1940s. The median annual streamflow and base flow at the gaging station on the river near Tombstone has decreased by 50 percent between the periods 1968–1986 and 1997–2009. Estimates of streamflow infiltration along the San Pedro River during 1914–2009 have decreased 44 percent, with the largest decreases in the months June–October in the Benson subarea. In the Narrows-Redington subarea, streamflow infiltration has decreased about 65 percent during 1914–2009.</p><p>The average annual outflow (27.6 hm<sup>3</sup>/year [cubic hectometers per year]) from the Benson subarea aquifer for water years 2001 through 2009 exceeded the inflows (20.0 hm<sup>3</sup>/ yr) by 7.60 hm<sup>3</sup>/yr. In the Narrows-Redington subarea for the same period, the average annual outflow (15.7 hm<sup>3</sup>/yr) from the aquifer system exceeded the inflows (13.8 hm<sup>3</sup>/yr) by nearly 2 hm<sup>3</sup>/yr. The largest withdrawals of groundwater in both subareas are for irrigation; these withdrawals peaked in 1973 and have been steadily decreasing since then. Recharge from streamflow infiltration exceeded recharge from the mountain-front and from ephemeral channels in the Benson subarea. In the Narrows-Redington subarea, however, recharge from mountain-front and ephemeral channel recharge exceeded recharge from streamflow infiltration. Evapotranspiration by phreatophytes accounts for the largest outflow of groundwater for both subareas—78 percent of the outflow in the Narrows-Redington subarea and 62 percent of the outflow in the Benson subarea.</p><p>Precipitation, surface-water, and groundwater chemistry and isotope data indicated the relative age and residence time of groundwater, the amount of interaction between geologic sources and groundwater, and how recharge elevation and season were related to the presence of modern water. The bedrock aquifer receives modern recharge (</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Cordova, J.T., Dickinson, J.E., Beisner, K.R., Hopkins, C.B., Kennedy, J.R., Pool, D.R., Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., and Thomas, B.E., 2015, Hydrology of the middle San Pedro Watershed, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5040, 77 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20135040.","productDescription":"vii, 77 p.","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037275","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science 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Park Avenue<br />Tucson, AZ 85719<br /><a href=\"http://az.water.usgs.gov/\">http://az.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Climate</li>\n<li>Surface Water</li>\n<li>Hydrogeology</li>\n<li>Groundwater Budgets</li>\n<li>Groundwater Discharge</li>\n<li>Hydrochemistry and Water Quality</li>\n<li>Study Limitations and Considerations for Future Data Collection and Analysis</li>\n<li>Summary and Conclusions</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Appendix</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-05-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549dba1e4b064e4207ca3f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordova, Jeffrey T. jcordova@usgs.gov","contributorId":1845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"Jeffrey T.","email":"jcordova@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly R. 0000-0002-2077-6899 kbeisner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-6899","contributorId":2733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","email":"kbeisner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopkins, Candice B. 0000-0003-3207-7267 chopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3207-7267","contributorId":1379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Candice","email":"chopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pool, Donald R. drpool@usgs.gov","contributorId":1121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"Donald","email":"drpool@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
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The shorelines used in the analysis were generated from georeferenced historical aerial imagery and are used to develop shoreline change rates for Hatteras Island, from Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras. A total of 14 dates of aerial photographs ranging from 1978 through 2002 were obtained from the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, and scanned to generate digital imagery. The digital imagery was georeferenced and high water line shorelines (interpreted from the wet/dry line) were digitized from each date to produce a time series of shorelines for the study area. Rates of shoreline change were calculated for three periods: the full span of the time series, 1978 through 2002, and two approximately decadal subsets, 1978&ndash;89 and 1989&ndash;2002.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151002","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., and Henderson, R., 2015, Quantification of shoreline change along Hatteras Island, North Carolina: Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras, 1978-2002, and associated vector shoreline data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1002, Report: v, 13 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151002.","productDescription":"Report: v, 13 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1978-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-058211","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science 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,{"id":70155953,"text":"70155953 - 2015 - Wind River subbasin restoration: Annual report of U.S. Geological Survey activities January 2014 through December 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T13:55:18","indexId":"70155953","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-05T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Wind River subbasin restoration: Annual report of U.S. Geological Survey activities January 2014 through December 2014","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1>\n<p>The Wind River subbasin in southwest Washington State provides habitat for a population of wild Lower Columbia River steelhead <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, which are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. No hatchery steelhead have been planted in the Wind River subbasin since 1994, and hatchery adults are estimated to be less than one percent of adults in any year (Thomas Buehrens, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, personal communication). Numerous restoration actions have been implemented in the subbasin, including the removal of Hemlock Dam on Trout Creek in 2009. We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tagging and a series of instream PIT-tag interrogation systems (PTIS) to investigate life-histories, populations, and efficacy of habitat restoration actions for these steelhead. Data from our study, and companion work by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), will contribute to Bonneville Power Administration&rsquo;s (BPA) Research Monitoring and Evaluation (RM&amp;E) Program Strategy of Fish Population Status Monitoring (<a href=\"http://www.cbfish.org/ProgramStrategy.mvc/ViewProgramStrategySummary/1\">www.cbfish.org/ProgramStrategy.mvc/ViewProgramStrategySummary/1</a>), specifically the sub-strategies of: 1) Assessing the Status and Trends of Diversity of Natural Origin Fish Populations and to Uncertainties Research regarding differing life histories of a wild steelhead population, 2) Assessing the Status and Trend of Adult Natural Origin Fish Populations, and 3) Monitoring and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Tributary Habitat Actions Relative to Environmental, Physical, or Biological Performance Objectives.</p>\n<p>During summer 2014, we PIT-tagged steelhead parr in headwater areas of the Wind River subbasin to investigate life-history diversity, specifically to compare fate of those juvenile steelhead that move downstream prior to smolting with those that remain in their natal areas until smolting. A series of instream PTISs monitored movement of these fish. We added a new multi-antenna PTIS on Trout Creek and made improvements to two of our smaller tributary PTISs during 2014. Detections at the instream PTISs showed trends of parr emigration during summer and fall, in addition to the expected movement of parr and smolts in spring. Long-term monitoring of PIT-tagged fish will provide information on contribution of various life-history&nbsp;strategies to smolt production and adult returns, as well as helping to identify factors influencing parr movement.</p>\n<p>Movements of PIT-tagged adult steelhead were tracked with our instream PTISs. These data will contribute to a better understanding of timing and distribution of spawning by this population of wild steelhead within the Wind River subbasin. Additionally, these data have provided information on timing of adult movements to various parts of the watershed, which is allowing us to assess adult use of tributary watersheds within the Wind River subbasin. These data are contributing to evaluating steelhead response to the removal of Hemlock Dam from Trout Creek. Hemlock Dam, which was located at rkm 2.0 of Trout Creek, was removed in summer 2009 and had contributed to hydrologic impairment of Trout Creek and potentially caused some deterrent to upstream adult steelhead migration.</p>\n<p>Evaluating restoration efforts is of interest to many managers and agencies so that funding and time are allocated for best results. The evaluation of various life-histories of Lower Columbia River steelhead within the Wind River subbasin provides information to better track populations, and more effectively direct habitat restoration and water allocation planning. Increasingly detailed Viable Salmonid Population information (Crawford and Rumsey 2009), such as that provided by PIT-tagging and instream PTISs networks like those we build and operate in the Wind River subbasin, provide data to better inform policy and management, as life-history strategies and production bottlenecks are identified and understood.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"Report covers work performed under Bonneville Power Administration contract #(s) 63276, 66668","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I.G., and Connolly, P., 2015, Wind River subbasin restoration: Annual report of U.S. Geological Survey activities January 2014 through December 2014, 58 p.","productDescription":"58 p.","startPage":"58 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064417","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320576,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/DocumentViewer.aspx?doc=P144015","text":"Report","size":"763.04 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.04540252685548,\n              45.7964939814375\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04540252685548,\n              45.96952673162373\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89571380615234,\n              45.96952673162373\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89571380615234,\n              45.7964939814375\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04540252685548,\n              45.7964939814375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5720913ae4b071321fe656bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, Ian G. 0000-0002-3842-3485 ijezorek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-3485","contributorId":3572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"Ian","email":"ijezorek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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