{"pageNumber":"473","pageRowStart":"11800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16502,"records":[{"id":70185486,"text":"70185486 - 1991 - Fate of silicate minerals in a peat bog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T15:49:43.43597","indexId":"70185486","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of silicate minerals in a peat bog","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">An investigation of silicate weathering in a Minnesota mire indicates that quartz and aluminosilicates rapidly dissolve in anoxic, organic-rich, neutral- pH environments. Vertical profiles of pH, dissolved silicon, and major cations were obtained at a raised bog and a spring fen and compared. Profiles of readily extractable silicon, diatom abundance, ash mineralogy, and silicate surface texture were determined from peat cores collected at each site.</p><p id=\"p-2\">In the bog, normally a recharge mound, dissolved silicon increases with depth as pH increases, exceeding the background silicon concentration by a factor of two. Silicate grain surfaces, including quartz, are chemically etched at this location, despite being in contact with pore water at neutral pH with dissolved silicon well above the equilibrium solubility of quartz. The increasing silica concentrations at circum-neutral pH are consistent with a system where silicate solubility is influenced by silica-organic-acid complexes. Silica-organic-acid complexes therefore may be the cause of the almost complete absence of diatoms in decomposed peat and contribute to the formation of silica-depleted underclays commonly found beneath coal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0328:FOSMIA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bennett, P.C., Siegel, D., Hillier, B.M., and Glaser, P.H., 1991, Fate of silicate minerals in a peat bog: Geology, v. 19, no. 4, p. 328-331, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0328:FOSMIA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lost River peatland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.48107716216364,\n              48.20103577453631\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.48107716216364,\n              48.1257567119583\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34359226272942,\n              48.1257567119583\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.34359226272942,\n              48.20103577453631\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.48107716216364,\n              48.20103577453631\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d61e4b0236b68f98f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":97499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hillier, Barbara M.","contributorId":19026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillier","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glaser, Paul H.","contributorId":178129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glaser","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176060,"text":"70176060 - 1991 - Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1990, with 1934–90 summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T11:51:18","indexId":"70176060","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"50","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1990, with 1934–90 summary","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Brown, D., Gilhousen, J.R., and Nalley, G., 1991, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1990, with 1934–90 summary: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 50, 169 p.","productDescription":"169 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aef7e4b0f2f0cebe4652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, D.S.","contributorId":28592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilhousen, Jon R.","contributorId":31016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilhousen","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nalley, G.M.","contributorId":23535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179842,"text":"70179842 - 1991 - Response of Ned Wilson Lake watershed, Colorado, to changes in atmospheric deposition of sulfate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T12:04:36","indexId":"70179842","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of Ned Wilson Lake watershed, Colorado, to changes in atmospheric deposition of sulfate","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Ned Wilson Lake watershed responds directly and rapidly to changes in precipitation inputs of sulfate, which has important implications for effects of acid deposition on the aquatic system. Chemistry at three precipitation collection sites and three watershed sites (a pond, a lake, and a spring) has been monitored in and near the Flattops Wilderness Area in northwestern Colorado beginning in 1981–1983. Bulk snowpack concentration of sulfate in the watershed and volume-weighted annual mean concentration of sulfate in precipitation at two nearby sites generally decreased from 1981 to 1985, were small through 1987, and increased in 1988–1989. Changes in concentration of sulfate at the watershed sites are controlled by precipitation inputs. Responsiveness of the individual sites was dependent on their position along the hydrologic flow path. The fastest response was in the pond, which has a hydrologic residence time of less than 1 year; over 90% of the variance in concentration of sulfate in the pond was explained by changes in concentration in precipitation. The lake has a hydrologic residence time of 1 to 4 years; a regression model of the concentration of sulfate in the lake, as a function of the concentration in the lake during the previous year and the concentration in precipitation, explained 87% of the variance in concentration of sulfate in the lake. The hydrologic response time of the spring is unknown; it was not responsive to changes in concentration of sulfate in precipitation. The recent increase of sulfate concentration in precipitation and in the pond and lake is evidence for a rapid rather than a delayed response, which could not be determined when only a decreasing trend in sulfate concentration was reported in 1982–1987. Watersheds of this type are sensitive to acidification (acid-neutralizing capacity less than 60 μeq L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), and these results indicate conservative behavior of sulfate. This is important in predicting effects of future changes in atmospheric deposition, which could potentially be caused by anthropogenic emissions or climatic change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91WR01189","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Turk, J.T., and Spahr, N.E., 1991, Response of Ned Wilson Lake watershed, Colorado, to changes in atmospheric deposition of sulfate: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 8, p. 2047-2060, https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR01189.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2047","endPage":"2060","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Ned Wilson Lake watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.25,\n              39.91667\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5,\n              39.91667\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5,\n              40.01667\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.25,\n              40.01667\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.25,\n              39.91667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808de2e4b01dfadfff15db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016586,"text":"70016586 - 1991 - Applications of hydrologic information automatically extracted from digital elevation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T13:47:38","indexId":"70016586","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of hydrologic information automatically extracted from digital elevation models","docAbstract":"Digital elevation models (DEMs) can be used to derive a wealth of information about the morphology of a land surface. Traditional raster analysis methods can be used to derive slope, aspect, and shaded relief information; recently-developed computer programs can be used to delineate depressions, overland flow paths, and watershed boundaries. These methods were used to delineate watershed boundaries for a geochemical stream sediment survey, to compare the results of extracting slope and flow paths from DEMs of varying resolutions, and to examine the geomorphology of a Martian DEM. -Author","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.3360050104","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., 1991, Applications of hydrologic information automatically extracted from digital elevation models: Hydrological Processes, v. 5, no. 1, p. 31-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360050104.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc7e4b0c8380cd494a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016343,"text":"70016343 - 1991 - The neutral oil in commercial linear alkylbenzenesulfonate and its effect on organic solute solubility in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T01:21:18.751516","indexId":"70016343","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The neutral oil in commercial linear alkylbenzenesulfonate and its effect on organic solute solubility in water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00016a008","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Kile, D.E., and Rutherford, D., 1991, The neutral oil in commercial linear alkylbenzenesulfonate and its effect on organic solute solubility in water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 660-665, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00016a008.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"665","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae10e4b08c986b323ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016900,"text":"70016900 - 1991 - Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70016900","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Fully three-dimensional representations of the geologic system at Yucca Mountain have been developed using a Geoscientific Information System, which is an expansion of a traditional Geographic Information Systems. These advanced, three dimensional, representations of Yucca Mountain are required to adequately evaluate the complex geologic and hydrologic conditions surrounding the site. This Geoscientific Information System will be used to store, analyze, and display site data. The system also will provide a link between geologic and hydrologic data and the numerical ground-water-flow model resulting in more easy testing of hypotheses concerning the conceptual model of the geohydrologic system at Yucca Mountain.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Turner, A.K., Ervin, E.M., and Downey, J.S., 1991, Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 520-528.","startPage":"520","endPage":"528","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c79e4b0c8380cd52b79","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536353,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Turner, A. Keith","contributorId":39400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ervin, Elisabeth M.","contributorId":28377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downey, Joe S.","contributorId":102454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downey","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015033,"text":"70015033 - 1991 - Herbicides in surface waters of the midwestern United States: The effect of spring flush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T07:18:50","indexId":"70015033","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbicides in surface waters of the midwestern United States: The effect of spring flush","docAbstract":"<p>Approximately three-fourths of all preemergent herbicides used in the United States are applied to row crops over a 12-state area, called the \"corn belt\" (I). The application of these compounds may cause widespread degradation of water quality (2). Because herbicides are water soluble, there is the potential for leaching into groundwater and surface water (3, 4), as well as aerial transport and Occurrence in precipitation (5). Monitoring studies in the Midwest have shown widespread detection of herbicides in groundwater and in surface water (3,4); however, little is known about the regional impact of herbicide application (6). The objective of our research was to assess the mag. nitude and persistence of herbicide runoff in the spring flush at the regional scale.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00022a018","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., Goolsby, D.A., Meyer, M.T., and Kolpin, D., 1991, Herbicides in surface waters of the midwestern United States: The effect of spring flush: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 25, no. 10, p. 1794-1796, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00022a018.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1794","endPage":"1796","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.800477,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.511043,41.696535],[-87.187651,41.629653],[-86.616978,41.896625],[-86.321803,42.310743],[-86.208309,42.762789],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.774156,45.788918],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.291346,45.062597],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.833103,44.036851],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.40822,41.832654],[-83.37573,41.686647],[-82.481214,41.381342],[-81.69325,41.514161],[-80.533774,41.973475],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.667957,40.582496],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-81.656138,39.277355],[-81.874857,38.881174],[-82.068864,38.984878],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.569368,38.406258],[-82.611343,38.171548],[-82.474635,37.905902],[-81.982479,37.541807],[-83.128813,36.757864],[-83.690714,36.582581],[-88.011792,36.677025],[-88.127378,36.49854],[-89.5391,36.498201],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-90.368718,35.995812],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.157136,36.484317],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.699735,36.998805],[-102.000447,36.993249],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.043814,45.868385],[-96.618295,45.935407],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.878454,49.333193],[-94.640803,48.741171],[-93.818375,48.534442],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.398478,46.575832],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3070e4b0c8380cd5d64c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016510,"text":"70016510 - 1991 - Selectivity and effectiveness of extractants used to release metals associated with organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T06:36:46","indexId":"70016510","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selectivity and effectiveness of extractants used to release metals associated with organic matter","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Partial extraction procedures can be used to release metals associated with organic matter in natural materials. Reagents commonly employed for this purpose include hydrogen peroxide, Na hypochlorite and Na pyrophosphate. This study tested the selectivity of these reagents by comparing the amount of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu they released from sulfide and oxide minerals and determined the ability of these reagents to release the same metals from peat. Sodium hypochlorite and Na pyrophosphate released between 0.2 and 8.7% of the total metal content of the Fe, Cu and Zn minerals. In contrast, three commonly used hydrogen peroxide reagents released significantly more metals from the oxides and sulfides. Percentages of Zn and Mn released from the peat samples were comparable for all extractions tested. Per cent Cu released from peat by Na pyrophosphate was very low compared to that released by hydrogen peroxide/HNO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>or na hypochlorite. A smaller fraction of Fe was released from peat by Na hypochlorite than by the other reagents. Iron release by Na hypochlorite correlates with the organic carbon content of the peat samples. A universal extractant for metals associated with organic matter in all types of samples has not been identified. Sodium hypochlorite and Na pyrophosphate are better than hydrogen peroxide in selectively releasing metals bound to organic matter because they do not release significant amounts of metals from oxide and sulfide minerals.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(91)90010-M","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Papp, C.S., Filipek, L., and Smith, K., 1991, Selectivity and effectiveness of extractants used to release metals associated with organic matter: Applied Geochemistry, v. 6, no. 3, p. 349-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(91)90010-M.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"353","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ce2e4b08c986b31819a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papp, C. S.E.","contributorId":69304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"C.","middleInitial":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Filipek, L.H.","contributorId":58392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filipek","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015066,"text":"70015066 - 1991 - Use of colloid filtration theory in modeling movement of bacteria through a contaminated sandy aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T09:42:39","indexId":"70015066","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of colloid filtration theory in modeling movement of bacteria through a contaminated sandy aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>\\A filtration model commonly used to describe removal of colloids during packed-bed filtration in water treatment applications was modified for describing downgradient transport of bacteria in sandy, aquifer sediments. The modified model was applied to the results of a small-scale (7 m), natural-gradient tracer test and to observations of an indigenous bacterial population moving downgradient within a plume of organically contaminated groundwater in Cape Cod, MA. The model reasonably accounted for concentration histories of labeled bacteria appearing at samplers downgradient from the injection well in the tracer experiment and for the observed 0.25-μm increase in average cell length for an unlabeled, indigenous bacterial population, 0.6 km downgradient from the source of the plume. Several uncertainties were apparent in applying filtration theory to problems involving transport of bacteria in groundwater. However, adsorption (attachment) appeared to be a major control of the extent of bacterial movement downgradient, which could be described, in part, by filtration theory. Estimates of the collision efficiency factor, which represents the physicochemical factors that determine adsorption of the bacteria onto the grain surfaces, ranged from 5.4 x 10<sup>-3</sup> to 9.7 x 10<sup>-3</sup>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00013a021","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., and Garabedian, S., 1991, Use of colloid filtration theory in modeling movement of bacteria through a contaminated sandy aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 178-185, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00013a021.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbed7e4b08c986b3297f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015076,"text":"70015076 - 1991 - Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015076","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1022,"text":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey collects and disseminates, in written and digital formats, groundwater and surface-water information related to the tidal and nontidal wetlands of the United States. This information includes quantity, quality, and availability of groundwater and surface water; groundwater and surface-water interactions (recharge-discharge); groundwater flow; and the basic surface-water characteristics of streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Water resources information in digital format can be used in geographic information systems (GISs) for many purposes related to wetlands. US Geological Survey wetland-related activities include collection of information important for assessing and mitigating coastal wetland loss and modification, hydrologic data collection and interpretation, GIS activities, identification of national trends in water quality and quantity, and process-oriented wetland research. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., 1991, Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation: Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service, v. 90, no. 18, p. 79-85.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393be4b0c8380cd61856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015102,"text":"70015102 - 1991 - The Vigil Network: A means of observing landscape change in drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T09:30:53","indexId":"70015102","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Vigil Network: A means of observing landscape change in drainage basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long-term monitoring of geomorphic, hydrological, and biological characteristics of landscapes provides an effective means of relating observed change to possible causes of the change. Identification of changes in basin characteristics, especially in arid areas where the response to altered climate or land use is generally rapid and readily apparent, might provide the initial direct indications that factors such as global warming and cultural impacts have affected the environment. The Vigil Network provides an opportunity for earth and life scientists to participate in a systematic monitoring effort to detect landscape changes over time, and to relate such changes to possible causes. The Vigil Network is an ever-increasing group of sites and basins used to monitor landscape features with as much as 50 years of documented geomorphic and related observations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626669109492518","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., Emmett, W.W., and Leopold, L.B., 1991, The Vigil Network: A means of observing landscape change in drainage basins: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 36, no. 4, p. 331-344, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669109492518.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"344","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V0R02R","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"The Vigil Network: long-term, broad spectrum data collected to observe landscape change in drainage basins"},{"id":223967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba977e4b08c986b3222a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, W. W.","contributorId":107695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016946,"text":"70016946 - 1991 - In situ bacterial selenate reduction in the agricultural drainage systems of western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T18:30:32.616173","indexId":"70016946","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ bacterial selenate reduction in the agricultural drainage systems of western Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Dissimilatory in situ selenate reduction to elemental selenium in sediments from irrigated agricultural drainage regions of western Nevada was measured at ambient Se oxyanion concentrations. Selenate reduction was rapid, with turnover rate constants ranging from 0.04 to 1.8 h<sup>-1</sup> at total Se concentrations in pore water of 13 to 455 nM. Estimates of removal rates of selenium oxyanions were 14, 38, and 155 <span>μ</span>mol m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> for South Lead Lake, Massie Slough, and Hunter Drain, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.57.2.615-617.1991","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Steinberg, N., Presser, T.S., and Miller, L., 1991, In situ bacterial selenate reduction in the agricultural drainage systems of western Nevada: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 615-617, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.2.615-617.1991.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"617","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479696,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.2.615-617.1991","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225139,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.60888671874999,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.970703125,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05859375,\n              39.11301365149975\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.00439453125,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.60888671874999,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3999e4b0c8380cd6198f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinberg, N.A.","contributorId":29573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinberg","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016931,"text":"70016931 - 1991 - Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream with a nitrate supplement, southern Mississippi, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T09:08:03","indexId":"70016931","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream with a nitrate supplement, southern Mississippi, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>The fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream to which nitrate was added as a nutrient supplement was determined. The stream, in southern Mississippi, U.S.A. was 234 m long. Water was supplied to the stream by an artesian well at about 1.21 s<sup>−1</sup>, resulting in a mean water velocity of about 0.5 m min<sup>−1</sup>. Acetone was injected continuously for 26 days resulting in concentrations of 20–40 mg l<sup>−1</sup>. A nitrate solution was injected for 21 days resulting in an instream concentration of about 1.7 mg l<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at the upstream end of the stream. Rhodamine-WT dye was used to determine the travel time and dispersion characteristics of the stream, and t-butyl alcohol was used to determine the volatilization characteristics.</p><p>Volatilization controlled the fate of acetone in the model stream. The lack of substantial bacterial degradation of acetone was contrary to expectations based on the results of laboratory degradation studies using model stream water enriched with nitrate. A possible explanation for the lack of significant degradation in the model stream may be the limited 6-h residence time of the acetone in the stream.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90092-V","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., Stephens, D.W., and Tai, D.Y., 1991, Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream with a nitrate supplement, southern Mississippi, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 123, no. 3-4, p. 225-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90092-V.","productDescription":"18 ","startPage":"225","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0fe4b0c8380cd5373e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016926,"text":"70016926 - 1991 - Some current themes in physical hydrology of the land-atmosphere interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016926","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Some current themes in physical hydrology of the land-atmosphere interface","docAbstract":"Certain themes arise repeatedly in current literature dealing with the physical hydrology of the interface between the atmosphere and the continents. Papers contributed to the 1991 International Association of Hydrological Sciences Symposium on Hydrological Interactions between Atmosphere, Soil and Vegetation echo these themes, which are discussed in this paper. The land-atmosphere interface is the region where atmosphere, soil, and vegetation have mutual physical contact, and a description of exchanges of matter or energy among these domains must often consider the physical properties and states of the entire system. A difficult family of problems is associated with the reconciliation of the wide range of spatial scales that arise in the course of observational, theoretical, and modeling activities. These scales are determined by some of the physical elements of the interface, by patterns of natural variability of the physical composition of the interface, by the dynamics of the processes at the interface, and by methods of measurement and computation. Global environmental problems are seen by many hydrologists as a major driving force for development of the science. The challenge for hydrologists will be to respond to this force as scientists rather than problem-solvers.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)","conferenceTitle":"20th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics","conferenceDate":"11 August 1991 through 24 August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Vienna, Austria","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","isbn":"0947571132","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., 1991, Some current themes in physical hydrology of the land-atmosphere interface, <i>in</i> IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences), no. 204, Vienna, Austria, 11 August 1991 through 24 August 1991, p. 3-10.","startPage":"3","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"204","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b928fe4b08c986b319fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016796,"text":"70016796 - 1991 - Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016796","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Oklahoma Geological Survey has developed several maps and reports for preliminary screening of the state of Oklahoma to identify areas that are generally acceptable or unacceptable for disposal of a wide variety of waste materials. These maps and reports focus on the geologic and hydrogeologic parameters that must be evaluated in the screening process. One map (and report) shows the outcrop distribution of 35 thick shale or clay units that are generally suitable for use as host rocks for surface disposal of wastes. A second map shows the distribution of unconsolidated alluvial and terrace-deposit aquifers, and a third map shows the distribution and hydrologic character of bedrock aquifers and their recharge areas. These latter two maps show the areas in the state where special attention must be exercised in permitting storage or disposal of waste materials that could degrade the quality of groundwater. State regulatory agencies and industry are using these maps and reports in preliminary screening of the state to identify potential disposal sites. These maps in no way replace the need for site-specific investigations to prove (or disprove) the adequacy of a site to safely contain waste materials. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01716069","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., 1991, Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, no. 1, p. 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716069.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205495,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716069"},{"id":224510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a528e4b0e8fec6cdbd4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016795,"text":"70016795 - 1991 - A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016795","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began an effort to develop a National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The basic premise underlying this initiative is that a better understanding of the quality of water resources across the country, both surface- and groundwater, is needed to develop effective programs and policies to meet the nation's water-quality concerns. The program will focus on water-quality conditions that are prevalent or large in scale, such as occur from nonpoint sources of pollution or from a high density of point sources. The design of the program is substantially different from the traditional approach of a diffuse national monitoring network. The major activities of the assessment program will be clustered within a set of hydrologic systems (river basins and aquifer systems), referred to as study units. In aggregate, the study units will account for a large part of the nation's water use and represent a wide range of settings across the country. Unique attributes of the program include: (1) the use of consistent study approaches, field and laboratory methods, water-quality measurements, and ancillary data measurements for all study units; (2) the development of a progressive understanding of water-quality conditions and trends in each study unit through long-term studies that rotate periods of intensive data collection and analysis with periods during which the assessment activities are less intensive; and (3) the focus of considerable effort on synthesizing results from among the study units to provide information on regional and national water-quality issues. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01716071","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Cohen, P., 1991, A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, no. 1, p. 17-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716071.","startPage":"17","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716071"},{"id":224509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57ae4b0c8380cd46d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, P.","contributorId":55969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016767,"text":"70016767 - 1991 - Use of sediment-trace element geochemical models for the identification of local fluvial baseline concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016767","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of sediment-trace element geochemical models for the identification of local fluvial baseline concentrations","docAbstract":"Studies have demonstrated the utility of fluvial bed sediment chemical data in assesing local water-quality conditions. However, establishing local background trace element levels can be difficult. Reference to published average concentrations or the use of dated cores are often of little use in small areas of diverse local petrology, geology, land use, or hydrology. An alternative approach entails the construction of a series of sediment-trace element predictive models based on data from environmentally diverse but unaffected areas. Predicted values could provide a measure of local background concentrations and comparison with actual measured concentrations could identify elevated trace elements and affected sites. Such a model set was developed from surface bed sediments collected nationwide in the United States. Tests of the models in a small Louisiana basin indicated that they could be used to establish local trace element background levels, but required recalibration to account for local geochemical conditions outside the range of samples used to generate the nationwide models.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)","conferenceTitle":"20th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics","conferenceDate":"11 August 1991 through 24 August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Vienna, Austria","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","isbn":"0947571086","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., Demas, C.R., and Demcheck, D., 1991, Use of sediment-trace element geochemical models for the identification of local fluvial baseline concentrations, <i>in</i> IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences), no. 203, Vienna, Austria, 11 August 1991 through 24 August 1991, p. 339-348.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf74e4b08c986b329b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demas, C. R.","contributorId":77178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demcheck, D.K.","contributorId":87968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016765,"text":"70016765 - 1991 - Use of stable isotopes, tritium, soluble salts, and redox-sensitive elements to distinguish ground water from irrigation water in the Salton Sea basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016765","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of stable isotopes, tritium, soluble salts, and redox-sensitive elements to distinguish ground water from irrigation water in the Salton Sea basin","docAbstract":"Evaporative concentration of irrigation water diverted from the Colorado River to the Salton Sea basin for several decades has produced an overlying system (that includes drainwater and surface waters) whose composition is highly variable and differs from that of the shallow regional ground water beneath it. The role of hydrologic and geochemical processes in causing these differences (and the variability) is inferred from analyses of selected isotopes (3H, D, 18O, 15N, 34S) and elements (As, B, Br, Cl, Fe, N, Se). Selected element-to-Cl ratios establish the relative importance and location of the various processes. Isotopes of H O are used in estimating the relative contribution of leakage from an unlined canal and regional ground water to a nearby spring.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.A., Setmire, J.G., and Densmore, J., 1991, Use of stable isotopes, tritium, soluble salts, and redox-sensitive elements to distinguish ground water from irrigation water in the Salton Sea basin, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 524-530.","startPage":"524","endPage":"530","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf87e4b08c986b329bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Roy A. raschroe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Roy","email":"raschroe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Setmire, James G.","contributorId":105284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setmire","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":89179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016760,"text":"70016760 - 1991 - National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. A basis for water-resource policy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016760","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. A basis for water-resource policy development","docAbstract":"The concepts that are the basis for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program began forming in the early 1980's. By 1986, a pilot phase was initiated to test and refine assessment concepts and in 1991, the NAWQA program began a multi-year transition to a fully operational program. The goals of the program are to describe the status and trends in the quality of a large representative part of the Nation's ground- and surface-water resources and to develop an understanding of the natural and human factors affecting the quality of these resources. This information will provide a sound scientific basis upon which water resources decision making at all governmental levels can be based. To meet its goals, the program will integrate water-quality information at local, regional, and national scales. The program will be perennial and consist of two major components -- study-unit investigations and national assessment activities. Investigations of surface- and ground-water resources of major regional hydrologic systems (river basins and aquifer systems) each covering 1200 to about 60,000 square miles, will be conducted on a rotating basis for 60 study units located throughout the Nation. Key findings from these study-unit investigations will be used along with other information to provide issue-oriented water-quality assessments of regional and national interest.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Leahy, P.P., and Wilber, W.G., 1991, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. A basis for water-resource policy development, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 711-717.","startPage":"711","endPage":"717","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6202e4b0c8380cd71ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leahy, P. Patrick","contributorId":80648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leahy","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016756,"text":"70016756 - 1991 - Geochemical mass-balance in a small forested watershed in southwestern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016756","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemical mass-balance in a small forested watershed in southwestern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"An intensive hydrologic investigation of the North Fork Bens Creek Watershed on Laurel Hill in southwestern Pennsylvania was made during 1984-85. Precipitation was sampled weekly, and stream water was sampled monthly and during selected storms for discharge and chemical composition. The watershed is underlain by sandstone and sandy shale consisting of quartz, feldspar, muscovite, chlorite, calcite, and kaolinite. Watershed chemical flux for the sum of Ca++, Mg++, Na+, and K+ shows that solutes from wet deposition account for 19 to 21 percent of the load in runoff from the watershed. Cation exchange and weathering account for the net changes in the chemistry of streamflow. Alteration of orthoclase, muscovite, chlorite, and albite to kaolinite accounts for 36 percent of the neutralization of H+ resulting from precipitation input and carbonic-acid weathering. Dissolution of calcite accounts for 34 percent of H+ neutralization. Dissolution of aluminum-bearing minerals in the soil matrix accounts for 25 percent of H+ neutralization.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Witt, E.C., and Bikerman, M., 1991, Geochemical mass-balance in a small forested watershed in southwestern Pennsylvania, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 516-523.","startPage":"516","endPage":"523","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1686e4b0c8380cd5519e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witt, Emitt C. III 0000-0002-1814-7807 ecwitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7807","contributorId":1612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"Emitt","suffix":"III","email":"ecwitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bikerman, Michael","contributorId":12983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bikerman","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016755,"text":"70016755 - 1991 - Hydrologic and geochemical approaches for determining ground-water flow components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016755","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrologic and geochemical approaches for determining ground-water flow components","docAbstract":"Lyman Lake is an irrigation-storage reservoir on the Little Colorado River near St. Johns, Arizona. The main sources of water for the lake are streamflow in the Little Colorado River and ground-water inflow from the underlying Coconino aquifer. Two approaches, a hydrologic analysis and a geochemical analysis, were used to compute the quantity of ground-water flow to and from Lyman Lake. Hydrologic data used to calculate a water budget were precipitation on the lake, evaporation from the lake, transpiration from dense vegetation, seepage through the dam, streamflow in and out of the lake, and changes in lake storage. Geochemical data used to calculate the ground-water flow components were major ions, trace elements, and the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. During the study, the potentiometric level of the Coconino aquifer was above the lake level at the upstream end of the lake and below the lake level at the downstream end. Hydrologic and geochemical data indicate that about 10 percent and 8 percent, respectively, of the water in the lake is ground-water inflow and that about 35 percent of the water in the Little Colorado River 6 miles downgradient from the lake near Salado Springs is ground water. These independent estimates of ground-water flow derived from each approach are in agreement and support a conceptual model of the water budget.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Hjalmarson, H., and Robertson, F.N., 1991, Hydrologic and geochemical approaches for determining ground-water flow components, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 267-274.","startPage":"267","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3546e4b0c8380cd5fdc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hjalmarson, H. W.","contributorId":95872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjalmarson","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, F. N.","contributorId":66737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016735,"text":"70016735 - 1991 - Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016735","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"In part of a large abandoned mining complex, electromagnetic geophysical surveys were used along with data derived from cores and monitoring wells to infer sources of contamination and subsurface hydrologic connections between acidic refuse deposits and adjacent undisturbed geologic materials. Electrical resistivity increases sharply along the boundary of an elevated deposit of pyritic coarse refuse, which is highly contaminated and electrically conductive, indicating poor subsurface hydrologic connections with surrounding deposits of fine refuse and undisturbed glacial material. Groundwater chemistry, as reflected in values of specific conductance, also differs markedly across the deposit's boundary, indicating that a widespread contaminant plume has not developed around the coarse refuse in more than 40 yr since the deposit was created. Most acidic drainage from the coarse refuse is by surface runoff and is concentrated around stream channels. Although most of the contaminated groundwater within the study area is concentrated within the surficial refuse deposits, transects of apparent resistivity and phase angle indicate the existence of an anomalous conductive layer at depth (>4 m) in thick alluvial sediments along the northern boundary of the mining complex. Based on knowledge of local geology, the anomaly is interpreted to represent a subsurface connection between the alluvium and a flooded abandoned underground mine. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704576","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Brooks, G., Olyphant, G., and Harper, D., 1991, Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 18, no. 1, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704576.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704576"},{"id":224457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9de4b0c8380cd493a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, G.A.","contributorId":23566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, D.","contributorId":28752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016733,"text":"70016733 - 1991 - Development and application of a hillslope hydrologic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-02T11:56:57.589053","indexId":"70016733","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of a hillslope hydrologic model","docAbstract":"<p><span>A vertically integrated two-dimensional lateral flow model of soil moisture has been developed. Derivation of the governing equation is based on a physical interpretation of hillslope processes. The lateral subsurface-flow model permits variability of precipitation and evapotranspiration, and allows arbitrary specification of soil-moisture retention properties. Variable slope, soil thickness, and saturation are all accommodated. The numerical solution method, a Crank-Nicolson, finite-difference, upstream-weighted scheme, is simple and robust. A small catchment in northeastern Kansas is the subject of an application of the lateral subsurface-flow model. Calibration of the model using observed discharge provides estimates of the active porosity (0.1 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>/cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>) and of the saturated horizontal hydraulic conductivity (40 cm/hr). The latter figure is at least an order of magnitude greater than the vertical hydraulic conductivity associated with the silty clay loam soil matrix. The large value of hydraulic conductivity derived from the calibration is suggestive of macropore-dominated hillslope drainage. The corresponding value of active porosity agrees well with a published average value of the difference between total porosity and field capacity for a silty clay loam.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(91)90012-D","usgsCitation":"Blain, C.A., and Milly, P., 1991, Development and application of a hillslope hydrologic model: Advances in Water Resources, v. 14, no. 4, p. 168-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(91)90012-D.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0017e4b0c8380cd4f5ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blain, C. A.","contributorId":45843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blain","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016730,"text":"70016730 - 1991 - Methylmercury decomposition in sediments and bacterial cultures: Involvement of methanogens and sulfate reducers in oxidative demethylation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T18:16:24.492516","indexId":"70016730","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury decomposition in sediments and bacterial cultures: Involvement of methanogens and sulfate reducers in oxidative demethylation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Demethylation of monomethylmercury in freshwater and estuarine sediments and in bacterial cultures was investigated with&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>3</sub><span>HgI. Under anaerobiosis, results with inhibitors indicated partial involvement of both sulfate reducers and methanogens, the former dominating estuarine sediments, while both were active in freshwaters. Aerobes were the most significant demethylators in estuarine sediments, but were unimportant in freshwater sediments. Products of anaerobic demethylation were mainly&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;as well as lesser amounts of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>. Acetogenic activity resulted in fixation of some&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;produced from&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>3</sub><span>HgI into acetate. Aerobic demethylation in estuarine sediments produced only&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, while aerobic demethylation in freshwater sediments produced small amounts of both&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Two species of&nbsp;</span><i>Desulfovibrio</i><span>&nbsp;produced only traces of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;from&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>3</sub><span>HgI, while a culture of a methylotrophic methanogen formed traces of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;when grown on trimethylamine in the presence of the&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>3</sub><span>HgI. These results indicate that both aerobes and anaerobes demethylate mercury in sediments, but that either group may dominate in a particular sediment type. Aerobic demethylation in the estuarine sediments appeared to proceed by the previously characterized organomercurial-lyase pathway, because methane was the sole product. However, aerobic demethylation in freshwater sediments as well as anaerobic demethylation in all sediments studied produced primarily carbon dioxide. This indicates the presence of an oxidative pathway, possibly one in which methylmercury serves as an analog of one-carbon substrates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.57.1.130-137.1991","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Culbertson, C., and Winfrey, M., 1991, Methylmercury decomposition in sediments and bacterial cultures: Involvement of methanogens and sulfate reducers in oxidative demethylation: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 130-137, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.1.130-137.1991.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"137","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.1.130-137.1991","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake, San Francisco Bay, Searsville Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.41623903233038,\n              37.794604010393925\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.42173219639263,\n              37.61424262878592\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3530676456114,\n              37.57724701004949\n            ],\n            [\n              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C.W.","contributorId":40326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winfrey, M.R.","contributorId":52337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winfrey","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016726,"text":"70016726 - 1991 - In situ measurement of methane oxidation in groundwater by using natural-gradient tracer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T18:58:23.620693","indexId":"70016726","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ measurement of methane oxidation in groundwater by using natural-gradient tracer tests","docAbstract":"<p>Methane oxidation was measured in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer (Cape Cod, Mass.) by using in situ natural-gradient tracer tests at both a pristine, oxygenated site and an anoxic, sewage-contaminated site. The tracer sites were equipped with multilevel sampling devices to create target grids of sampling points; the injectate was prepared with groundwater from the tracer site to maintain the same geochemical conditions. Methane oxidation was calculated from breakthrough curves of methane relative to halide and inert gas (hexafluoroethane) tracers and was confirmed by the appearance of <sup>13</sup>C-enriched carbon dioxide in experiments in which <sup>13</sup>C-enriched methane was used as the tracer. A <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> for methane oxidation could be calculated when the methane concentration was sufficiently high to result in zero-order kinetics throughout the entire transport interval. Methane breakthrough curves could be simulated by modifying a one-dimensional advection-dispersion transport model to include a Michaelis-Menten-based consumption term for methane oxidation. The <i>K<sub>m</sub></i> values for methane oxidation that gave the best match for the breakthrough curve peaks were 6.0 and 9.0 <span>μ</span>M for the uncontaminated and contaminated sites, respectively. Natural-gradient tracer tests are a promising approach for assessing microbial processes and for testing in situ bioremediation potential in groundwater systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.57.7.1997-2004.1991","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Howes, B., and Garabedian, S., 1991, In situ measurement of methane oxidation in groundwater by using natural-gradient tracer tests: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 57, no. 7, p. 1997-2004, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.7.1997-2004.1991.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1997","endPage":"2004","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479702,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.57.7.1997-2004.1991","text":"Publisher Index 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