Wetland connectivity provides migratory shorebirds varying options to meet energy requirements to survive and complete their annual cycle. Multiple factors mediate movement and residency of spatially segregated wetlands. Information on these factors is lacking in the tropics, yet such information is invaluable for conservation design. The influence of seven biotic and abiotic factors on local movement and residency rates of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) among three major wetlands in southwestern Puerto Rico in 2013–2014 was assessed using multi-state models. The model with highest support (AICc wi= 0.78) indicated that weekly residency rates increased seasonally, and were positively influenced by bird abundance and the interaction of prey density and rainfall. Movement rates were negatively influenced by inter-wetland distance, which varied annually, ranging from 0.01 ± 0.004 to 0.33 ± 0.08. Age class (adult, juvenile), extent of shoreline habitat (km), and body condition (estimated percent fat) did not influence residency rates (95% CIs overlapped Betas). Our findings indicated that coastal wetlands in southwestern Puerto Rico were connected, pointing at the joint value of salt flats and mangroves for overwintering Semipalmated Sandpipers. Connectivity between different types of wetlands likely widens resource diversity, which is essential for coping with unpredictable environments. Additional work is needed to generalize our understanding of inter-wetland dynamics and their potential benefits to inform shorebird conservation strategies in the Caribbean.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.039.0304","usgsCitation":"Parks, M.A., Collazo, J., and Ramos Alvarez, K.R., 2016, Factors affecting wetland connectivity for wintering semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in the Caribbean: Waterbirds, v. 39, no. 3, p. 250-259, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0304.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"259","ipdsId":"IP-070138","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.21641540527344,\n 17.928109247721633\n ],\n [\n -67.21641540527344,\n 18.061659495798455\n ],\n [\n -67.05162048339844,\n 18.061659495798455\n ],\n [\n -67.05162048339844,\n 17.928109247721633\n ],\n [\n -67.21641540527344,\n 17.928109247721633\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584bd0dee4b077fc20250e0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, Morgan A.","contributorId":177347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parks","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramos Alvarez, Katsi R.","contributorId":177348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramos Alvarez","given":"Katsi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188438,"text":"70188438 - 2016 - Holocene climate changes in eastern Beringia (NW North America) – A systematic review of multi-proxy evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T14:10:37","indexId":"70188438","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene climate changes in eastern Beringia (NW North America) – A systematic review of multi-proxy evidence","docAbstract":"Reconstructing climates of the past relies on a variety of evidence from a large number of sites to capture the varied features of climate and the spatial heterogeneity of climate change. This review summarizes available information from diverse Holocene paleoenvironmental records across eastern Beringia (Alaska, westernmost Canada and adjacent seas), and it quantifies the primary trends of temperature- and moisture-sensitive records based in part on midges, pollen, and biogeochemical indicators (compiled in the recently published Arctic Holocene database, and updated here to v2.1). The composite time series from these proxy records are compared with new summaries of mountain-glacier and lake-level fluctuations, terrestrial water-isotope records, sea-ice and sea-surface-temperature analyses, and peatland and thaw-lake initiation frequencies to clarify multi-centennial- to millennial-scale trends in Holocene climate change. To focus the synthesis, the paleo data are used to frame specific questions that can be addressed with simulations by Earth system models to investigate the causes and dynamics of past and future climate change. This systematic review shows that, during the early Holocene (11.7–8.2 ka; 1 ka = 1000 cal yr BP), rather than a prominent thermal maximum as suggested previously, temperatures were highly variable, at times both higher and lower than present (approximate mid-20th-century average), with no clear spatial pattern. Composited pollen, midge and other proxy records average out the variability and show the overall lowest summer and mean-annual temperatures across the study region during the earliest Holocene, followed by warming over the early Holocene. The sparse data available on early Holocene glaciation show that glaciers in southern Alaska were as extensive then as they were during the late Holocene. Early Holocene lake levels were low in interior Alaska, but moisture indicators show pronounced differences across the region. The highest frequency of both peatland and thaw-lake initiation ages also occurred during the early Holocene. During the middle Holocene (8.2–4.2 ka), glaciers retreated as the regional average temperature increased to a maximum between 7 and 5 ka, as reflected in most proxy types. Following the middle Holocene thermal maximum, temperatures decreased starting between 4 and 3 ka, signaling the onset of Neoglacial cooling. Glaciers in the Brooks and Alaska Ranges advanced to their maximum Holocene extent as lakes generally rose to modern levels. Temperature differences for averaged 500-year time steps typically ranged by 1–2 °C for individual records in the Arctic Holocene database, with a transition to a cooler late Holocene that was neither abrupt nor spatially coherent. The longest and highest-resolution terrestrial water isotope records previously interpreted to represent changes in the Aleutian low-pressure system around this time are here shown to be largely contradictory. Furthermore, there are too few records with sufficient resolution to identify sub-centennial-scale climate anomalies, such as the 8.2 ka event. The review concludes by suggesting some priorities for future paleoclimate research in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.021","usgsCitation":"Kaufman, D.S., Axford, Y.L., Henderson, A.C., McKay, N.P., Oswald, W., Saenger, C., Anderson, R., Bailey, H.L., Clegg, B., Gajewski, K., Hu, F.S., Jones, M.C., Massa, C., Routson, C.C., Werner, A., Wooller, M.J., and Yu, Z., 2016, Holocene climate changes in eastern Beringia (NW North America) – A systematic review of multi-proxy evidence: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 147, p. 312-339, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.021.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"339","ipdsId":"IP-068458","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a0e4b0764e6c60e7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell S.","contributorId":192787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axford, Yarrow L.","contributorId":192788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Axford","given":"Yarrow","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Andrew C.G.","contributorId":192789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKay, Nicolas P.","contributorId":192790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"Nicolas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oswald, W. Wyatt","contributorId":192791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oswald","given":"W. Wyatt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saenger, Casey","contributorId":192792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saenger","given":"Casey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bailey, Hannah L.","contributorId":192793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clegg, Benjamin","contributorId":192794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clegg","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gajewski, Konrad","contributorId":192795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gajewski","given":"Konrad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hu, Feng Sheng","contributorId":192796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Feng","email":"","middleInitial":"Sheng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Massa, Charly","contributorId":192797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massa","given":"Charly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Routson, Cody C. 0000-0001-8694-7809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-7809","contributorId":187600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Routson","given":"Cody","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Werner, Al","contributorId":192798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Al","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":192799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Yu, Zicheng 0000-0003-2358-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-2712","contributorId":147521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Zicheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70171053,"text":"70171053 - 2016 - Graptemys pearlensis Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Selman, and Qualls 2010 – Pearl River Map Turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-01T13:43:51","indexId":"70171053","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Graptemys pearlensis Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Selman, and Qualls 2010 – Pearl River Map Turtle","docAbstract":"The Pearl River Map Turtle, Graptemys pearlensis (Family Emydidae), is a moderate-sized aquatic turtle endemic to the Pearl River drainage of Louisiana and Mississippi. This taxon has long been a cryptic species, as it was considered part of G. pulchra before 1992 and part of G. gibbonsi until 2010. Graptemys pearlensis exhibits sexual dimorphism, with adult females being considerably larger (carapace length to 295 mm) than adult males (CL to 121 mm). In the 1960s and 1970s, the species was commonly found in higher abundance than the sympatric G. oculifera, a federally listed species. However, due to habitat degradation and the precipitous decline of native mollusks, the species is now found in lower numbers than G. oculifera throughout much of its range. The current IUCN Red List status is Endangered; however, very little is known about the natural history and ecology of the species, which will make conservation efforts challenging.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises: A compilation project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chelonian Research Foundation","doi":"10.3854/crm.5.094.pearlensis.v1.2016","usgsCitation":"Ennen, J., Lovich, J.E., and Jones, R.L., 2016, Graptemys pearlensis Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Selman, and Qualls 2010 – Pearl River Map Turtle, chap. of Conservation biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises: A compilation project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, v. 5, no. 9, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.094.pearlensis.v1.2016.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-053337","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.094.pearlensis.v1.2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321368,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iucn-tftsg.org/graptemys-pearlensis-094/"}],"volume":"5","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c94319e4b0f2f0cec13551","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rhodin, A. G. J.","contributorId":114192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodin","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647774,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pritchard, P. C. H.","contributorId":113118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchard","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647775,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Dijk, P. P.","contributorId":113295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Dijk","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647776,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saumure, Raymond A.","contributorId":71375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saumure","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647777,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buhlmann, K.A.","contributorId":112229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647778,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iverson, J. B.","contributorId":16364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647779,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mittermeier, R.A.","contributorId":37034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mittermeier","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647780,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Robert L.","contributorId":174223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180252,"text":"70180252 - 2016 - Yosemite Hydroclimate Network: Distributed stream and atmospheric data for the Tuolumne River watershed and surroundings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T13:29:58","indexId":"70180252","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yosemite Hydroclimate Network: Distributed stream and atmospheric data for the Tuolumne River watershed and surroundings","docAbstract":"Regions of complex topography and remote wilderness terrain have spatially varying patterns of temperature and streamflow, but due to inherent difficulties of access, are often very poorly sampled. Here we present a data set of distributed stream stage, streamflow, stream temperature, barometric pressure, and air temperature from the Tuolumne River Watershed in Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada, California, USA, for water years 2002–2015, as well as a quality-controlled hourly meteorological forcing time series for use in hydrologic modeling. We also provide snow data and daily inflow to the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir for 1970–2015. This paper describes data collected using low-visibility and low-impact installations for wilderness locations and can be used alone or as a critical supplement to ancillary data sets collected by cooperating agencies, referenced herein. This data set provides a unique opportunity to understand spatial patterns and scaling of hydroclimatic processes in complex terrain and can be used to evaluate downscaling techniques or distributed modeling. The paper also provides an example methodology and lessons learned in conducting hydroclimatic monitoring in remote wilderness.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016WR019261","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., Roche, J.W., Forrester, H., Moore, C., Keenan, E., Perry, G., Cristea, N., Henn, B., Lapo, K., McGurk, B., Cayan, D.R., and Dettinger, M., 2016, Yosemite Hydroclimate Network: Distributed stream and atmospheric data for the Tuolumne River watershed and surroundings: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 9, p. 7478-7489, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019261.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"7478","endPage":"7489","ipdsId":"IP-077662","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tuolumne River Watershed, Yosemite National Park","volume":"52","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1977e4b0ad67323f97e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, Jessica D.","contributorId":12792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"Jessica D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roche, James W.","contributorId":178800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forrester, Harrison","contributorId":178773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forrester","given":"Harrison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Courtney","contributorId":178775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Courtney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keenan, Eric","contributorId":178776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keenan","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, Gwyneth","contributorId":178777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Gwyneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cristea, Nicoleta","contributorId":178778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cristea","given":"Nicoleta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henn, Brian","contributorId":139777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henn","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lapo, Karl","contributorId":178779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapo","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McGurk, Bruce","contributorId":178780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGurk","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70184311,"text":"70184311 - 2016 - Test of a foraging-bioenergetics model to evaluate growth dynamics of endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T13:20:04","indexId":"70184311","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Test of a foraging-bioenergetics model to evaluate growth dynamics of endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus)","docAbstract":"Factors affecting feeding and growth of early life stages of the federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) are not fully understood, owing to their scarcity in the wild. In this study was we evaluated the performance of a combined foraging-bioenergetics model as a tool for assessing growth of age-0 pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River. In the laboratory, three size classes of sturgeon larvae (18–44 mm; 0.027–0.329 g) were grown for 7 to 14 days under differing temperature (14–24 °C) and prey density (0–9 Chironomidae larvae/d) regimes. After accounting for effects of water temperature and prey density on fish activity, we compared observed final weight, final length, and number of prey consumed to values generated from the foraging-bioenergetics model. When confronted with an independent dataset, the combined model provided reliable estimates (within 13% of observations) of fish growth and prey consumption, underscoring the usefulness of the modeling approach for evaluating growth dynamics of larval fish when empirical data are lacking.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.017","usgsCitation":"Deslauriers, D., Heironimus, L.B., and Chipps, S.R., 2016, Test of a foraging-bioenergetics model to evaluate growth dynamics of endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus): Ecological Modelling, v. 336, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-077141","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"336","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f3e4b014cc3a3ba4aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deslauriers, David","contributorId":187586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deslauriers","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heironimus, Laura B.","contributorId":187587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heironimus","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176664,"text":"70176664 - 2016 - The role of crystallization-driven exsolution on the sulfur mass balance in volcanic arc magmas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T15:42:50","indexId":"70176664","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of crystallization-driven exsolution on the sulfur mass balance in volcanic arc magmas","docAbstract":"The release of large amounts of sulfur to the stratosphere during explosive eruptions affects the radiative balance in the atmosphere and consequentially impacts climate for up to several years after the event. Quantitative estimations of the processes that control the mass balance of sulfur between melt, crystals, and vapor bubbles is needed to better understand the potential sulfur yield of individual eruption events and the conditions that favor large sulfur outputs to the atmosphere. The processes that control sulfur partitioning in magmas are (1) exsolution of volatiles (dominantly H2O) during decompression (first boiling) and during isobaric crystallization (second boiling), (2) the crystallization and breakdown of sulfide or sulfate phases in the magma, and (3) the transport of sulfur-rich vapor (gas influx) from deeper unerupted regions of the magma reservoir. Vapor exsolution and the formation/breakdown of sulfur-rich phases can all be considered as closed-system processes where mass balance arguments are generally easier to constrain, whereas the contribution of sulfur by vapor transport (open system process) is more difficult to quantify. The ubiquitous “excess sulfur” problem, which refers to the much higher sulfur mass released during eruptions than what can be accounted for by amount of sulfur originally dissolved in erupted melt, as estimated from melt inclusion sulfur concentrations (the “petrologic estimate”), reflects the challenges in closing the sulfur mass balance between crystals, melt, and vapor before and during a volcanic eruption. In this work, we try to quantify the relative importance of closed- and open-system processes for silicic arc volcanoes using kinetic models of sulfur partitioning during exsolution. Our calculations show that crystallization-induced exsolution (second boiling) can generate a significant fraction of the excess sulfur observed in crystal-rich arc magmas. This result does not negate the important role of vapor migration in sulfur mass balance but rather points out that second boiling (in situ exsolution) can provide the necessary yield to drive the excess sulfur to the levels observed for crystal-rich systems. In contrast, in crystal-poor systems, magma recharge that releases sulfur-rich bubbles is necessary and most likely the primary contributor to sulfur mass balance. Finally, we apply our model to account for the effect of sulfur partitioning during second boiling and its impact on sulfur released during the Cerro Galan supereruption in Argentina (2.08 Ma) and show the potential importance of second boiling in releasing a large amount of sulfur to the atmosphere during the eruption of large crystal-rich ignimbrites.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2016JB013184","usgsCitation":"Su, Y., Huber, C., Bachmann, O., Zajacz, Z., Wright, H.M., and Vazquez, J.A., 2016, The role of crystallization-driven exsolution on the sulfur mass balance in volcanic arc magmas: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 121, no. 8, p. 5624-5640, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013184.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"5624","endPage":"5640","ipdsId":"IP-062977","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013184","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c657e4b0bc0bec09c90d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Yanqing","contributorId":174886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"Yanqing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27526,"text":"Georgia Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huber, Christian","contributorId":174887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27526,"text":"Georgia Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bachmann, Olivier","contributorId":101030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachmann","given":"Olivier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zajacz, Zoltan","contributorId":174888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zajacz","given":"Zoltan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176346,"text":"70176346 - 2016 - Resource management and operations in central North Dakota: Climate change scenario planning workshop summary November 12-13, 2015, Bismarck, ND","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T09:43:22","indexId":"70176346","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NRSS/NRR--2016/1262","title":"Resource management and operations in central North Dakota: Climate change scenario planning workshop summary November 12-13, 2015, Bismarck, ND","docAbstract":"The Scaling Climate Change Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains through Regional Climate Summaries and Local Qualitative-Quantitative Scenario Planning Workshops project synthesizes climate data into 3-5 distinct but plausible climate summaries for the northern Great Plains region; crafts quantitative summaries of these climate futures for two focal areas; and applies these local summaries by developing climate-resource-management scenarios through participatory workshops and, where possible, simulation models. The two focal areas are central North Dakota and southwest South Dakota (Figure 1). The primary objective of this project is to help resource managers and scientists in a focal area use scenario planning to make management and planning decisions based on assessments of critical future uncertainties.
This report summarizes project work for public and tribal lands in the central North Dakota focal area, with an emphasis on Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site. The report explains
scenario planning as an adaptation tool in general, then describes how it was applied to the central North Dakota focal area in three phases. Priority resource management and climate uncertainties were identified in the orientation phase. Local climate summaries for relevant, divergent, and challenging climate scenarios were developed in the second phase. In the final phase, a two-day scenario planning workshop held November 12-13, 2015 in Bismarck, ND, featured scenario development and implications, testing management decisions, and methods for operationalizing scenario planning outcomes.
Owing to human activity, global nitrogen (N) cycles have been altered. In the past 100 years, global N deposition has increased. Currently, the monitoring and estimating of N deposition and the evaluation of its effects on global carbon budgets are the focus of many researchers. NO2 columns retrieved by space-borne sensors provide us with a new way of exploring global N cycles and these have the ability to estimate N deposition. However, the time range limitation of NO2 columns makes the estimation of long timescale N deposition difficult. In this study we used ground-based NOx emission data to expand the density of NO2columns, and 40 years of N deposition (1970–2009) was inverted using the multivariate linear model with expanded NO2 columns. The dynamic of N deposition was examined in both global and biome scales. The results show that the average N deposition was 0.34 g N m–2 year–1 in the 2000s, which was an increase of 38.4% compared with the 1970s’. The total N deposition in different biomes is unbalanced. N deposition is only 38.0% of the global total in forest biomes; this is made up of 25.9%, 11.3, and 0.7% in tropical, temperate, and boreal forests, respectively. As N-limited biomes, there was little increase of N deposition in boreal forests. However, N deposition has increased by a total of 59.6% in tropical forests and croplands, which are N-rich biomes. Such characteristics may influence the effects on global carbon budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2016.1225178","usgsCitation":"Lu, X., Zhang, X., Liu, J., and Jin, J., 2016, Estimating 40 years of nitrogen deposition in global biomes using the SCIAMACHY NO2 column: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 37, no. 20, p. 4964-4978, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1225178.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4964","endPage":"4978","ipdsId":"IP-076950","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144e0e4b04fc80e5073ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Xuehe","contributorId":73517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Xuehe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Xiuying","contributorId":175218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27538,"text":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210093","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jin, Jiaxin","contributorId":13561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Jiaxin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176537,"text":"70176537 - 2016 - Age and growth of round gobies in Lake Huron: Implications for food web dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T09:11:33","indexId":"70176537","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of round gobies in Lake Huron: Implications for food web dynamics","docAbstract":"Although the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has become established throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes, information is scarce on spatial variation in round goby growth between and within lakes. Based on a sample of 754 specimens captured in 2014, age, growth, and mortality of round gobies at four locations in Lake Huron were assessed via otolith analysis. Total length (TL) of round gobies ranged from 44 to 111 mm for Saginaw Bay, from 45 to 115 mm for Rockport, from 50 to 123 mm for Hammond Bay, and from 51 to 118 mm for Thunder Bay. Estimated ages of round gobies ranged from 2 to 5 years for Saginaw Bay, from 2 to 6 years for Rockport, and from 2 to 7 years for Hammond Bay and Thunder Bay. Sex-specific, body–otolith relationships were used to back-calculate total lengths at age, which were then fitted to von Bertalanffy growth models. For each sex, round goby growth showed significant spatial variation among the four locations within Lake Huron. At all four locations in Lake Huron, males grew significantly faster than females and attained a larger asymptotic length than females. Annual mortality rate estimates were high (62 to 85%), based on catch-curve analysis, suggesting that round gobies may be under predatory control in Lake Huron.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.010","usgsCitation":"Duan, Y.J., Madenjian, C.P., Xie, C., Diana, J., O’Brien, T.P., Zhao, Y.M., He, J.X., Farha, S., and Huo, B., 2016, Age and growth of round gobies in Lake Huron: Implications for food web dynamics: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 6, p. 1443-1451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1443","endPage":"1451","ipdsId":"IP-072233","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.1387939453125,\n 45.66780526567164\n ],\n [\n -83.9739990234375,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -83.770751953125,\n 45.556371735883125\n ],\n [\n -83.5235595703125,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -83.2269287109375,\n 45.34056313889858\n ],\n [\n -83.0950927734375,\n 45.16267407976458\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 44.70380207177485\n ],\n [\n -83.16650390625,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -83.2708740234375,\n 44.174324837518895\n ],\n [\n -83.4906005859375,\n 44.02837121279199\n ],\n [\n -83.6334228515625,\n 43.99676629896825\n ],\n [\n -83.7213134765625,\n 44.05206384489493\n ],\n [\n -83.66638183593749,\n 44.22945656830167\n ],\n [\n -83.6004638671875,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -83.4906005859375,\n 44.80132682904856\n ],\n [\n -83.4906005859375,\n 44.95702412512118\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 45.16267407976458\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -84.08935546875,\n 45.386877348270374\n ],\n [\n -84.2596435546875,\n 45.45627757127799\n ],\n [\n -84.29809570312499,\n 45.57944511437787\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 45.65628792636447\n ],\n [\n -84.1387939453125,\n 45.66780526567164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c657e4b0bc0bec09c913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duan, You J.","contributorId":174736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duan","given":"You","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xie, Cong X.","contributorId":138597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xie","given":"Cong X.","affiliations":[{"id":12457,"text":"Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diana, James S.","contributorId":52137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diana","given":"James S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhao, Ying M.","contributorId":174753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Ying","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13171,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Aquatic Research and Development Section","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, Ji X.","contributorId":53254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Ji","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Farha, Steve A. 0000-0001-9953-6996 sfarha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-6996","contributorId":5170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steve A.","email":"sfarha@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Huo, Bin","contributorId":127463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huo","given":"Bin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6955,"text":"College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70176518,"text":"70176518 - 2016 - Balanced sediment fluxes in southern California’s Mediterranean-climate zone salt marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:38:12","indexId":"70176518","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Balanced sediment fluxes in southern California’s Mediterranean-climate zone salt marshes","docAbstract":"Salt marsh elevation and geomorphic stability depends on mineral sedimentation. Many Mediterranean-climate salt marshes along southern California, USA coast import sediment during El Niño storm events, but sediment fluxes and mechanisms during dry weather are potentially important for marsh stability. We calculated tidal creek sediment fluxes within a highly modified, sediment-starved, 1.5-km2 salt marsh (Seal Beach) and a less modified 1-km2marsh (Mugu) with fluvial sediment supply. We measured salt marsh plain suspended sediment concentration and vertical accretion using single stage samplers and marker horizons. At Seal Beach, a 2014 storm yielded 39 and 28 g/s mean sediment fluxes and imported 12,000 and 8800 kg in a western and eastern channel. Western channel storm imports offset 8700 kg exported during 2 months of dry weather, while eastern channel storm imports augmented 9200 kg imported during dry weather. During the storm at Mugu, suspended sediment concentrations on the marsh plain increased by a factor of four; accretion was 1–2 mm near creek levees. An exceptionally high tide sequence yielded 4.4 g/s mean sediment flux, importing 1700 kg: 20 % of Mugu’s dry weather fluxes. Overall, low sediment fluxes were observed, suggesting that these salt marshes are geomorphically stable during dry weather conditions. Results suggest storms and high lunar tides may play large roles, importing sediment and maintaining dry weather sediment flux balances for southern California salt marshes. However, under future climate change and sea level rise scenarios, results suggest that balanced sediment fluxes lead to marsh elevational instability based on estimated mineral sediment deficits.
Atmospheric mineral dust can influence climate and biogeochemical cycles. An important component of mineral dust is ferric oxide minerals (hematite and goethite) which have been shown to influence strongly the optical properties of dust plumes and thus affect the radiative forcing of global dust. Here we report on the iron mineralogy of dust-source samples from the Bodélé Depression (Chad, north-central Africa), which is estimated to be Earth’s most prolific dust producer and may be a key contributor to the global radiative budget of the atmosphere as well as to long-range nutrient transport to the Amazon Basin. By using a combination of magnetic property measurements, Mössbauer spectroscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, we document the abundance and relative amounts of goethite, hematite, and magnetite in dust-source samples from the Bodélé Depression. The partition between hematite and goethite is important to know to improve models for the radiative effects of ferric oxide minerals in mineral dust aerosols. The combination of methods shows (1) the dominance of goethite over hematite in the source sediments, (2) the abundance and occurrences of their nanosize components, and (3) the ubiquity of magnetite, albeit in small amounts. Dominant goethite and subordinate hematite together compose about 2% of yellow-reddish dust-source sediments from the Bodélé Depression and contribute strongly to diminution of reflectance in bulk samples. These observations imply that dust plumes from the Bodélé Depression that are derived from goethite-dominated sediments strongly absorb solar radiation. The presence of ubiquitous magnetite (0.002–0.57 wt%) is also noteworthy for its potentially higher solubility relative to ferric oxide and for its small sizes, including PM < 0.1 μm. For all examined samples, the average iron apportionment is estimated at about 33% in ferric oxide minerals, 1.4% in magnetite, and 65% in ferric silicates. Structural iron in clay minerals may account for much of the iron in the ferric silicates. We estimate that the mean ferric oxides flux exported from the Bodélé Depression is 0.9 Tg/yr with greater than 50% exported as ferric oxide nanoparticles (<0.1 μm). The high surface-to-volume ratios of ferric oxide nanoparticles once entrained into dust plumes may facilitate increased atmospheric chemical and physical processing and affect iron solubility and bioavailability to marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.07.001","usgsCitation":"Moskowitz, B.M., Reynolds, R.L., Goldstein, H.L., Beroquo, T., Kokaly, R.F., and Bristow, C.S., 2016, Iron oxide minerals in dust-source sediments from the Bodélé Depression, Chad: Implications for radiative properties and Fe bioavailability of dust plumes from the Sahara: Aeolian Research, v. 22, p. 93-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.07.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-071700","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.07.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90126e4b0849ce97abcdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moskowitz, Bruce M.","contributorId":189164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moskowitz","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17684,"text":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":147880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":147881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beroquo, Thelma","contributorId":189165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beroquo","given":"Thelma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":150717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bristow, Charlie S","contributorId":189166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bristow","given":"Charlie","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192501,"text":"70192501 - 2016 - Restoring sand shinnery oak prairies with herbicide and grazing in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-28T14:44:58","indexId":"70192501","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoring sand shinnery oak prairies with herbicide and grazing in New Mexico","docAbstract":"Sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) prairies are increasingly disappearing and increasingly degraded in the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. Restoring and managing sand shinnery oak prairie can support biodiversity, specific species of conservation concern, and livestock production. We measured vegetation response to four treatment combinations of herbicide (tebuthiuron applied at 0.60 kg/ha) and moderate-intensity grazing (50% removal of annual herbaceous production) over a 10-year period in a sand shinnery oak prairie of eastern New Mexico. We compared the annual vegetation response to the historical climax plant community (HCPC) as outlined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Ecological Site Description. From 2 to 10 years postapplication, tebuthiuron-treated plots had reduced shrub cover with twice as much forb and grass cover as untreated plots. Tebuthiuron-treated plots, regardless of the presence of grazing, most frequently met HCPC. Tebuthiuron and moderate-intensity grazing increased vegetation heterogeneity and, based on comparison of the HCPC, successfully restored sand shinnery oak prairie to a vegetation composition similar to presettlement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-61.3.225","usgsCitation":"Zavaleta, J.C., Haukos, D.A., Grisham, B.A., Boal, C.W., and Dixon, C., 2016, Restoring sand shinnery oak prairies with herbicide and grazing in New Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 61, no. 3, p. 225-232, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-61.3.225.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"232","ipdsId":"IP-056147","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","volume":"61","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fcd5e4b06e28e9c2439a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zavaleta, Jennifer C.","contributorId":102785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zavaleta","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dixon, Charles","contributorId":68203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192982,"text":"70192982 - 2016 - Estimating the effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on stochastic population growth rate of fathead minnows: a population synthesis of empirically derived vital rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T11:39:57","indexId":"70192982","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on stochastic population growth rate of fathead minnows: a population synthesis of empirically derived vital rates","docAbstract":"Urban freshwater streams in arid climates are wastewater effluent dominated ecosystems particularly impacted by bioactive chemicals including steroid estrogens that disrupt vertebrate reproduction. However, more understanding of the population and ecological consequences of exposure to wastewater effluent is needed. We used empirically derived vital rate estimates from a mesocosm study to develop a stochastic stage-structured population model and evaluated the effect of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), the estrogen in human contraceptive pills, on fathead minnow Pimephales promelas stochastic population growth rate. Tested EE2 concentrations ranged from 3.2 to 10.9 ng L−1 and produced stochastic population growth rates (λ S ) below 1 at the lowest concentration, indicating potential for population decline. Declines in λ S compared to controls were evident in treatments that were lethal to adult males despite statistically insignificant effects on egg production and juvenile recruitment. In fact, results indicated that λ S was most sensitive to the survival of juveniles and female egg production. More broadly, our results document that population model results may differ even when empirically derived estimates of vital rates are similar among experimental treatments, and demonstrate how population models integrate and project the effects of stressors throughout the life cycle. Thus, stochastic population models can more effectively evaluate the ecological consequences of experimentally derived vital rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-016-1688-9","usgsCitation":"Schwindt, A.R., and Winkelman, D.L., 2016, Estimating the effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on stochastic population growth rate of fathead minnows: a population synthesis of empirically derived vital rates: Ecotoxicology, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1364-1375, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1688-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1364","endPage":"1375","ipdsId":"IP-057272","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e9dae4b09af898c8cc5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwindt, Adam R.","contributorId":173697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwindt","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkelman, Dana L. 0000-0002-5247-0114 danaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":4141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"Dana","email":"danaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192761,"text":"70192761 - 2016 - Toxicity of potassium chloride to veliger and byssal stage dreissenid mussels related to water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T14:58:56","indexId":"70192761","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of potassium chloride to veliger and byssal stage dreissenid mussels related to water quality","docAbstract":"Natural resource managers are seeking appropriate chemical eradication and control protocols for infestations of zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1769), and quagga mussels. D. rostiformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) that have limited effect on non-target species. Applications of low concentrations of potassium salt (as potash) have shown promise for use where the infestation and treatment can be contained or isolated. To further our understanding of such applications and obtain data that could support a pesticide registration, we conducted studies of the acute and chronic toxicity of potassium chloride to dreissenid mussels in four different water sources from infested and non-infested locations (ground water from northern Idaho, surface water from the Snake River, Idaho, USA, surface water from Lake Ontario, Ontario, Canada, and surface water from the Colorado River, Arizona, USA). We found short term exposure of veligers (< 24 h) to concentrations of 960 mg/L KCl produced rapid mortality in water from three locations, but veligers tested in Colorado River water were resistant. We used probit models to compare the mortality responses, predicted median lethal times and 95% confidence intervals. In separate experiments, we explored the sensitivity of byssal stage mussels in chronic exposures (>29 d) at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/L KCl. Rapid mortality occurred within 10 d of exposure to concentrations of 200 mg/L KCl, regardless of water source. Kaplan-Meier estimates of mean survival of byssal mussels in 100 mg/L KCl prepared in surface water from Idaho and Lake Ontario were 4.9 or 6.9 d, respectively; however, mean survival of mussels tested in the Colorado River water was > 23 d. The sodium content of the Colorado River water was nearly three times that measured in waters from the other locations, and we hypothesized sodium concentrations may affect mussel survival. To test our hypothesis, we supplemented Snake River and Lake Ontario water with NaCl to equivalent conductivity as the Colorado River, and found mussel survival increased to levels observed in tests of veliger and byssal mussels in Colorado River water. We recommend KCl disinfection and eradication protocols must be developed to carefully consider the water quality characteristics of treatment locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.05","usgsCitation":"Moffitt, C.M., Stockton-Fiti, K.A., and Claudi, R., 2016, Toxicity of potassium chloride to veliger and byssal stage dreissenid mussels related to water quality: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 7, no. 3, p. 257-268, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.05.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"268","ipdsId":"IP-073121","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2016.7.3.05","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07e9dbe4b09af898c8cc5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockton-Fiti, Kelly A.","contributorId":200103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockton-Fiti","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claudi, Renata","contributorId":171420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claudi","given":"Renata","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26908,"text":"RNT Consulting Inc., Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182823,"text":"70182823 - 2016 - Forward modeling of gravity data using geostatistically generated subsurface density variations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-01T10:56:24","indexId":"70182823","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forward modeling of gravity data using geostatistically generated subsurface density variations","docAbstract":"Using geostatistical models of density variations in the subsurface, constrained by geologic data, forward models of gravity anomalies can be generated by discretizing the subsurface and calculating the cumulative effect of each cell (pixel). The results of such stochastically generated forward gravity anomalies can be compared with the observed gravity anomalies to find density models that match the observed data. These models have an advantage over forward gravity anomalies generated using polygonal bodies of homogeneous density because generating numerous realizations explores a larger region of the solution space. The stochastic modeling can be thought of as dividing the forward model into two components: that due to the shape of each geologic unit and that due to the heterogeneous distribution of density within each geologic unit. The modeling demonstrates that the internally heterogeneous distribution of density within each geologic unit can contribute significantly to the resulting calculated forward gravity anomaly. Furthermore, the stochastic models match observed statistical properties of geologic units, the solution space is more broadly explored by producing a suite of successful models, and the likelihood of a particular conceptual geologic model can be compared. The Vaca Fault near Travis Air Force Base, California, can be successfully modeled as a normal or strike-slip fault, with the normal fault model being slightly more probable. It can also be modeled as a reverse fault, although this structural geologic configuration is highly unlikely given the realizations we explored.
Alteration of streamflow and thermal conditions may adversely affect lotic invertebrate communities, but few studies have assessed these phenomena using indicators that control for the potentially confounding influence of natural variability. We designed a study to assess how flow and thermal alteration influence stream health – as indicated by the condition of invertebrate communities. We studied thirty streams in the Sierra Nevada, California, that span a wide range of hydrologic modification due to storage reservoirs and hydroelectric diversions. Daily water temperature and streamflows were monitored, and basic chemistry and habitat conditions were characterized when invertebrate communities were sampled. Streamflow alteration, thermal alteration, and invertebrate condition were quantified by predicting site-specific natural expectations using statistical models developed using data from regional reference sites. Monthly flows were typically depleted (relative to natural expectations) during fall, winter, and spring. Most hydrologically altered sites experienced cooled thermal conditions in summer, with mean daily temperatures as much 12 °C below natural expectations. The most influential predictor of invertebrate community condition was the degree of alteration of March flows, which suggests that there are key interactions between hydrological and biological processes during this month in Sierra Nevada streams. Thermal alteration was also an important predictor – particularly at sites with the most severe hydrological alteration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1703","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., Nelson, S.M., and May, J., 2016, Associations of stream health to altered flow and water temperature in the Sierra Nevada, California: Ecohydrology, v. 9, no. 6, p. 930-941, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1703.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"930","endPage":"941","ipdsId":"IP-068697","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba7e4b01ccd5500bb0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. Mark","contributorId":139081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":12646,"text":"BOR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112 jasonmay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":184174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","email":"jasonmay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191926,"text":"70191926 - 2016 - The effects of anthropogenic land cover change on pollen-vegetation relationships in the American Midwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T12:38:18","indexId":"70191926","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":815,"text":"Anthropocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of anthropogenic land cover change on pollen-vegetation relationships in the American Midwest","docAbstract":"Fossil pollen assemblages provide information about vegetation dynamics at time scales ranging from centuries to millennia. Pollen-vegetation models and process-based models of dispersal typically assume stable relationships between source vegetation and corresponding pollen in surface sediments, as well as stable parameterizations of dispersal and productivity. These assumptions, however, are largely unevaluated. This paper reports a test of the stability of pollen-vegetation relationships using vegetation and pollen data from the Midwestern region of the United States, during a period of large changes in land use and vegetation driven by Euro-American settlement. We compared a dataset of pollen records for the early settlement-era with three other datasets of pollen and forest composition for two time periods: before Euro-American settlement, and the late 20th century. Results from generalized linear models for thirteen genera indicate that pollen-vegetation relationships significantly differ (p < 0.05) between pre-settlement and the modern era for several genera: Fagus, Betula, Tsuga, Quercus, Pinus, and Picea. The estimated pollen source radius for the 8 km gridded vegetation data and associated pollen data is 25–85 km, consistent with prior studies using similar methods and spatial resolutions.
Hence, the rapid changes in land cover associated with the Anthropocene affect the accuracy of ecological predictions for both the future and the past. In the Anthropocene, paleoecology should move beyond the assumption that pollen-vegetation relationships are stable over time. Multi-temporal calibration datasets are increasingly possible and enable paleoecologists to better understand the complex processes governing pollen-vegetation relationships through space and time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2016.09.005","usgsCitation":"Kujawa, E.R., Goring, S., Dawson, A., Calcote, R., Grimm, E., Hotchkiss, S.C., Jackson, S.T., Lynch, E.A., McLachlan, J.S., St-Jacques, J., Umbanhowar, C., and Williams, J.W., 2016, The effects of anthropogenic land cover change on pollen-vegetation relationships in the American Midwest: Anthropocene, v. 15, p. 60-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.09.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-076183","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/037051","text":"External Repository"},{"id":346964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-86.24971,42.480212],[-86.226305,42.988284],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.617955,43.768596],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-90.418136,46.566094],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-90.614589,42.508053],[-91.078097,42.806526],[-91.177728,43.118733],[-91.062562,43.243165],[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-91.781928,46.697604],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.418136,46.566094]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Michigan\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b997e4b05fe04cd65cd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kujawa, Ellen Ruth","contributorId":197557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kujawa","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"Ruth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goring, Simon","contributorId":167180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goring","given":"Simon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Andria","contributorId":167177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Andria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calcote, Randy","contributorId":197558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calcote","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grimm, Eric","contributorId":197559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hotchkiss, Sara C.","contributorId":197560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lynch, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":197561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynch","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McLachlan, Jason S.","contributorId":167179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLachlan","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie","contributorId":197562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St-Jacques","given":"Jeannine-Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Umbanhowar, Charles Jr.","contributorId":197563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Umbanhowar","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Williams, John W.","contributorId":16761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70176347,"text":"70176347 - 2016 - Resource management and operations in southwest South Dakota: Climate change scenario planning workshop summary January 20-21, 2016, Rapid City, SD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T16:05:13","indexId":"70176347","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NRSS/NRR—2016/1289","title":"Resource management and operations in southwest South Dakota: Climate change scenario planning workshop summary January 20-21, 2016, Rapid City, SD","docAbstract":"The Scaling Climate Change Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains through Regional Climate Summaries and Local Qualitative-Quantitative Scenario Planning Workshops project synthesizes climate data into 3-5 distinct but plausible climate summaries for the northern Great Plains region; crafts quantitative summaries of these climate futures for two focal areas; and applies these local summaries by developing climate-resource-management scenarios through participatory workshops and, where possible, simulation models. The two focal areas are central North Dakota and southwest South Dakota (Figure 1). The primary objective of this project is to help resource managers and scientists in a focal area use scenario planning to make management and planning decisions based on assessments of critical future uncertainties.
This report summarizes project work for public and tribal lands in the southwest South Dakota grasslands focal area, with an emphasis on Badlands National Park and Buffalo Gap National Grassland. The report explains scenario planning as an adaptation tool in general, then describes how it was applied to the focal area in three phases. Priority resource management and climate uncertainties were identified in the orientation phase. Local climate summaries for relevant, divergent, and challenging climate scenarios were developed in the second phase. In the final phase, a two-day scenario planning workshop held January 20-21, 2016 in Rapid City, South Dakota, featured scenario development and implications, testing management decisions, and methods for operationalizing scenario planning outcomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Fisichelli, N.A., Schuurman, G.W., Symstad, A.J., Ray, A., Miller, B., Cross, M., and Rowland, E., 2016, Resource management and operations in southwest South Dakota: Climate change scenario planning workshop summary January 20-21, 2016, Rapid City, SD: Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/NRR—2016/1289, ix, 61 p.","productDescription":"ix, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"76","ipdsId":"IP-075140","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328423,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2233058"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3ce4b0571647d19ac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisichelli, Nicholas A.","contributorId":174508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisichelli","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27461,"text":"NPS, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor W. 0000-0002-9304-7742","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-7742","contributorId":147698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16909,"text":"U.S. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":147543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ray, Andrea","contributorId":71869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Brian","contributorId":100753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cross, Molly","contributorId":73455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Molly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowland, Erika","contributorId":146177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowland","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70184981,"text":"70184981 - 2016 - The water content of recurring slope lineae on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T15:35:52","indexId":"70184981","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The water content of recurring slope lineae on Mars","docAbstract":"Observations of recurring slope lineae (RSL) from the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment have been interpreted as present-day, seasonally variable liquid water flows; however, orbital spectroscopy has not confirmed the presence of liquid H2O, only hydrated salts. Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) temperature data and a numerical heat transfer model definitively constrain the amount of water associated with RSL. Surface temperature differences between RSL-bearing and dry RSL-free terrains are consistent with no water associated with RSL and, based on measurement uncertainties, limit the water content of RSL to at most 0.5–3 wt %. In addition, distinct high thermal inertia regolith signatures expected with crust-forming evaporitic salt deposits from cyclical briny water flows are not observed, indicating low water salinity (if any) and/or low enough volumes to prevent their formation. Alternatively, observed salts may be preexisting in soils at low abundances (i.e., near or below detection limits) and largely immobile. These RSL-rich surfaces experience ~100 K diurnal temperature oscillations, possible freeze/thaw cycles and/or complete evaporation on time scales that challenge their habitability potential. The unique surface temperature measurements provided by THEMIS are consistent with a dry RSL hypothesis or at least significantly limit the water content of Martian RSL.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2016GL070179","usgsCitation":"Edwards, C.S., and Piqueux, S., 2016, The water content of recurring slope lineae on Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 43, no. 17, p. 8912-8919, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070179.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8912","endPage":"8919","ipdsId":"IP-062637","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf107a42de8c405cbe062d62efb1f576","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90126e4b0849ce97abcdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Christopher S. cedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":147153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Christopher","email":"cedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":683815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piqueux, Sylvain","contributorId":56986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piqueux","given":"Sylvain","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":683816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173721,"text":"sir20165076 - 2016 - Documentation of a groundwater flow model developed to assess groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:29:05","indexId":"sir20165076","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5076","title":"Documentation of a groundwater flow model developed to assess groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey developed a groundwater flow model for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina as part of a detailed assessment of the groundwater availability of the area and included an evaluation of how these resources have changed over time from stresses related to human uses and climate trends. The assessment was necessary because of the substantial dependency on groundwater for agricultural, industrial, and municipal needs in this area.
The three-dimensional, groundwater flow model developed for this investigation used the numerical code MODFLOW–NWT to represent changes in groundwater pumping and aquifer recharge from predevelopment (before 1900) to future conditions, from 1900 to 2058. The model was constructed using existing hydrogeologic and geospatial information to represent the aquifer system geometry, boundaries, and hydraulic properties of the 19 separate regional aquifers and confining units within the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system and was calibrated using an inverse modeling parameter-estimation (PEST) technique.
The parameter estimation process was achieved through history matching, using observations of heads and flows for both steady-state and transient conditions. A total of 8,868 annual water-level observations from 644 wells from 1986 to 2008 were combined into 29 water-level observation groups that were chosen to focus the history matching on specific hydrogeologic units in geographic areas in which distinct geologic and hydrologic conditions were observed. In addition to absolute water-level elevations, the water-level differences between individual measurements were also included in the parameter estimation process to remove the systematic bias caused by missing hydrologic stresses prior to 1986. The total average residual of –1.7 feet was normally distributed for all head groups, indicating minimal bias. The average absolute residual value of 12.3 feet is about 3 percent of the total observed water-level range throughout the aquifer system.
Streamflow observation data of base flow conditions were derived for 153 sites from the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset Plus and National Water Information System. An average residual of about –8 cubic feet per second and an average absolute residual of about 21 cubic feet per second for a range of computed base flows of about 417 cubic feet per second were calculated for the 122 sites from the National Hydrography Dataset Plus. An average residual of about 10 cubic feet per second and an average absolute residual of about 34 cubic feet per second were calculated for the 568 flow measurements in the 31 sites obtained from the National Water Information System for a range in computed base flows of about 1,141 cubic feet per second.
The numerical representation of the hydrogeologic information used in the development of this regional flow model was dependent upon how the aquifer system and simulated hydrologic stresses were discretized in space and time. Lumping hydraulic parameters in space and hydrologic stresses and time-varying observational data in time can limit the capabilities of this tool to simulate how the groundwater flow system responds to changes in hydrologic stresses, particularly at the local scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165076","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S., 2016, Documentation of a groundwater flow model developed to assess groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076, 70 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165076.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 70 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070585","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326329,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System "},{"id":326328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326327,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":332513,"rank":10,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":326839,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"},{"id":326325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":327889,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":326840,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/sir20165076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5076"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 31, 2016; Version 1.1: December 23, 2016","publicComments":"Version 1.1","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/wausp/
The aquifers of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain are the principal source of water supply for the region’s nearly 20 million residents. Water quality and water levels in the aquifers, and maintenance of streamflow, are of concern because of the use of this natural resource for water supply and because of the possible effects of climate change and changes in land use on groundwater. The long-term sustainability of this natural resource is a concern at the local community scale, as well as at a regional scale, across state boundaries. In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a regional assessment of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers. An important part of this assessment is a regional interpretation of the extent of saltwater and the proximity of saltwater to fresh-groundwater resources and includes samples and published interpretations of chloride concentrations newly available since the last regional chloride assessment in 1989. This updated assessment also includes consideration of chloride samples and refined interpretations that stem from the 1994 discovery of the buried 35 million year old Chesapeake Bay impact structure that has substantially altered the understanding of the hydrogeologic framework and saltwater distribution in eastern Virginia.
\nIn this study, the regional area of concern for the chloride samples and interpretations extends from the Fall Line in the west to the outer edge of the Continental Shelf in the east and from the eastern tip of Long Island in the north to about halfway down the North Carolina coast in the south. Discussions of chloride distribution are presented for each of the 10 regional aquifer layers of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, including the offshore extents. Maps of interpreted lines of equal concentration or isochlors were manually prepared for nine of the regional aquifers; a map was not prepared for the surficial regional aquifer. The isochlor interpretations include the offshore extent of the nine regional aquifers and are presented on a 1:2,000,000 scale base map. Vertically, the chloride samples and interpretations range from deepest (oldest) to shallowest (youngest)—Potomac-Patuxent, Potomac-Patapsco, Magothy, Matawan, Monmouth-Mount Laurel, Aquia, Piney Point, Lower Chesapeake, and Upper Chesapeake regional aquifers.
\nThe approach of this study maximizes the overall density of chloride information and data by assessing relevant published interpretations, all USGS chloride samples, and all relevant offshore samples in one comprehensive interpretation. Published isochlors, where they were interpreted by regional aquifer, were used as much as possible for this regional isochlor assessment. Publication dates for the isochlors used range from 1982 to 2015, and the scales for the isochlors range from local (county or municipality) to state (sub-regional) to regional. The USGS National Water Information System database provided well sample data for the parts of aquifers that are mainly beneath the land areas and yielded 37,517 water-quality records for 1903 through 2011. Published data reports from four phases of research-related offshore coring (1976, 1993, 1997, 2009) were the main source of water-quality data for the parts of aquifers from the shoreline to the outer edge of the Continental Shelf and yielded samples from multiple depths of each of 13 cores. This study also used interpretations and offshore core data from the last regional chloride assessment (1989) which, in addition to 7 offshore cores, included water-quality data from about 500 wells, and borehole geophysics interpretations from a subset of 11 wells. All published information and data that were used in this study were considered time independent and did not assess the published interpretations or data for temporal trends. The approach used here examined only published interpretations and available chloride data, and did not directly use supplemental techniques that can provide insight into the distribution of saltwater, such as geochemical characterization, borehole geophysical information, and geochronology.
\nIsochlor maps for this study are limited to manual interpretations of the 250-milligram per liter (mg/L) and 10,000-mg/L boundaries developed for 9 of the 10 regional aquifers that constitute the regional hydrogeologic framework of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain. For a given aquifer, the approach was to initially consider published isochlor interpretations, where available, then to modify the published interpretations, if necessary, to the extent indicated by the well and core samples. The final step was to interpolate isochlors to the full extent of each aquifer layer in areas with sufficient samples or cited interpretations, or to extrapolate isochlors in areas with no samples or where samples were sparse.
\nThe principal limitation of this study is that, because of its regional extent, data and information density can vary greatly, and thus confidence in interpretations can vary widely for onshore and offshore areas across the study area. In areas of sparse data, some samples of elevated chloride could be misinterpreted as being part of a regional elevated chloride trend, and in other cases, an elevated concentration could be misinterpreted as being of only local importance. The interpretive work of this study was applied to a 1:2,000,000 scale base map. Locations of isochlors, wells, cores, political boundaries, and shorelines are meant to be considered approximate.
\nThe isochlors presented in this study were manually interpreted for each aquifer unit as a conceptual representation of an equal concentration line approximately in the middle of an aquifer’s thickness. Differences in chloride concentration lines between the top and bottom of an aquifer could be substantial, especially for the thick parts of aquifers, but that information is not presented in this regional assessment.
\nAlthough additional offshore chloride data are available compared to 27 years ago (1989), the offshore information remains sparse, resulting in less confidence in the offshore interpretations than in the onshore interpretations. Regionally, the 250- and 10,000-mg/L isochlors tend to map progressively eastward from the deepest to the shallowest aquifers across the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system but with some exceptions. The additional data, conceptual understanding, and interpretations in the vicinity of the buried Chesapeake Bay impact structure in eastern Virginia resulted in substantial refinement of isochlors in that area. Overall, the interpretations in this study are updates of the previous regional study from 1989 but do not comprise major differences in interpretation and do not indicate regional movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface since then.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165034","usgsCitation":"Charles, E.G., 2016, Regional chloride distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034, 37 p., appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165034.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Appendixes: 1 and 2; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068551","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326322,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326324,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System "},{"id":326323,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326321,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076 -","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":327881,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1 - ","size":"1.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Offshore chloride concentrations [data]"},{"id":327882,"rank":13,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":327102,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326320,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5034"},{"id":328112,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix1_metadata.xml","text":"Appendix 1 -","size":"23.3 KB xml","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Offshore chloride concentrations [metadata]"},{"id":328113,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix2_metadata.xml","text":"Appendix 2 -","size":"23.6 KB xml","description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Isochlors for 250- and 10,000-mg/L concentrations [metadata]"},{"id":328023,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5034/sir20165034_appendix2.zip","text":"Appendix 2 - ","size":"1.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5034","linkHelpText":"Isochlors for 250- and 10,000-mg/L concentrations [data]"},{"id":327101,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -71.21337890625,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -71.30126953124999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 40.04443758460859\n ],\n [\n -72.6416015625,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -74.06982421875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -76.92626953125,\n 35.585851593232356\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -77.27783203125,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 40.6639728763869\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 40.79717741518769\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/wausp/
The U.S. Geological Survey began a multiyear regional assessment of groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) aquifer system in 2010 as part of its ongoing regional assessments of groundwater availability of the principal aquifers of the Nation. The goals of this national assessment are to document effects of human activities on water levels and groundwater storage, explore climate variability effects on the regional water budget, and provide consistent and integrated information that is useful to those who use and manage the groundwater resource. As part of this nationwide assessment, the USGS evaluated available groundwater resources within the NACP aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina.
The northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province depends heavily on groundwater to meet agricultural, industrial, and municipal needs. The groundwater assessment of the NACP aquifer system included an evaluation of how water use has changed over time; this evaluation primarily used groundwater budgets and development of a numerical modeling tool to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate trends.
This assessment focused on multiple spatial and temporal scales to examine changes in groundwater pumping, storage, and water levels. The regional scale provides a broad view of the sources and demands on the system with time. The sub-regional scale provides an evaluation of the differing response of the aquifer system across geographic areas allowing for closer examination of the interaction between different aquifers and confining units and the changes in these interactions under pumping and recharge conditions in 2013 and hydrologic stresses as much as 45 years in the future. By focusing on multiple scales, water-resource managers may utilize this study to understand system response to changes as they affect the system as a whole.
The NACP aquifer system extends from Long Island to northeastern North Carolina, and includes aquifers primarily within New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. The seaward-dipping sedimentary wedge that underlies the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province forms a complex groundwater system. Although the NACP aquifer system is recognized by the U.S. Geological Survey as one of the smallest of the 66 principal aquifer systems in the Nation, it ranks 13th overall in terms of total groundwater withdrawals and is 7th in population served. Despite abundant precipitation [about 45 inches per year (in/yr)], the supply of fresh surface water in this region is limited because many of the surface waters in this area are brackish estuaries, contributing to why many communities in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province rely heavily on groundwater to meet their water needs.
Increases in population and changes in land use during the past 100 years have resulted in diverse increased demands for freshwater throughout the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province with groundwater serving as a vital source of drinking water for the nearly 20 million people who live in the region. Total groundwater withdrawal in 2013 was estimated to be about 1,300 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) and accounts for about 40 percent of the drinking water supply with the densely populated areas tending to have the highest rates of withdrawals and, therefore, being most susceptible to effects from these withdrawals over time.
Water levels in many of the confined aquifers are decreasing by as much as 2 feet per year (ft/yr) in response to extensive development and subsequent increased withdrawals throughout the region. Total water-level decreases (drawdowns) are more than 100 feet (ft) in some aquifers from their predevelopment (before 1900) levels. These drawdowns extend across state lines and under the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, creating the potential for interstate aquifer management issues. Regional water-resources managers in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province face challenges beyond competing local domestic, industrial, agricultural, and environmental demands for water. Large changes in regional water use have made the State-level management of aquifer resources more difficult because of hydrologic effects that extend beyond State boundaries.
The northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province is underlain by a wedge of unconsolidated to partially consolidated sediments that are typically thousands of feet thick along the coastline with a maximum thickness of about 10,000 ft near the edge of the continental shelf. The NACP aquifer system consists of nine confined aquifers and nine confining units capped by an unconfined surficial aquifer that is bounded laterally from the west by the contact between Coastal Plain sediments and the upland Piedmont bedrock. This aquifer system extends to the east to the limit of the Continental Shelf, however, the boundary between fresh and saline groundwater is considered to be much closer to the shoreline and varies vertically by aquifer.
Precipitation over the region for average conditions from 2005 to 2009 is about 61,800 Mgal/d, but about 70 percent of it is lost to evapotranspiration resulting in an inflow of about 19,600 Mgal/d entering the groundwater system as aquifer recharge. Most of this recharge enters the aquifer system and flows through the shallow unconfined aquifer and either discharges to streams or directly to coastal waters without reaching the deep, confined aquifer system. In addition to recharge from precipitation, other sources of water include the return of wastewater from domestic septic systems of about 240 Mgal/d, about 60 Mgal/d of water released from storage in the confined system, and about 30 Mgal/d of lateral inflow at the boundary between freshwater and saltwater in response to pumping for conditions in 2013.
The outflow needed to balance the inflows was subdivided between streamflow, discharge to tidal portions of streams, and coastal discharge. The hydrologic budget developed for current [2013] conditions determined that 93 percent of the total outflow was to surface waters with about 70 percent divided evenly between streamflow and shallow coastal discharge and 23 percent as discharge to tidal waters. The remaining 7 percent of the total outflow components include withdrawals from both the surficial and confined aquifers of the groundwater system.
The groundwater availability assessment of the NACP aquifer system highlights the importance of analyses at both the regional and local scales to understand how changes in land use, water use, and climate have affected groundwater resources and how these resources may change in the future. The investigation included assessments of the regional changes in water levels and budgets across State lines, the importance of considering storage change in the confining units, the response of the aquifer system to a continuation of current [2013] hydrologic stresses into the future, and the potential effects of climate change and sea-level rise on the aquifer system.
The Potomac aquifer group includes two of the most widely used aquifers in the NACP aquifer system, the Potomac-Patapsco and Potomac-Patuxent regional aquifers, providing about 24 percent of the total groundwater used in the region. Withdrawals from large pumping centers in this deep, confined aquifer group have resulted in substantial decreases in water-levels across state lines, particularly between southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina as well as between southern New Jersey and northern Delaware where water levels in the Potomac-Patapsco aquifer have decreased by as much as 200 ft and 50 ft, respectively from predevelopment to current [2013] conditions. This response in water levels also is reflected in changes in water budgets where, for example, about 20 percent of the total response to pumping in Virginia is met by inducing flow from adjacent States. Understanding and quantifying these hydrologic effects that extend beyond State boundaries is critical for the State- and regional-level management of aquifer resources.
The cumulative storage loss from the intervening confining units throughout the entire NACP aquifer system was about 35 percent of the total storage loss from predevelopment to current [2013] conditions. In geographic areas such as Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland, and New Jersey, the water released from storage in the confining units makes up the majority of the total storage release from the groundwater system and is becoming proportionally more important over time as the surficial aquifer approaches equilibrium with respect to pumping and recharge stresses as of 2013.
Storage loss from the confining units is of particular concern because, unlike in the sands that comprise the confined aquifers, water removed from the clayey confining unit sediments cannot be replenished as these units gradually compress. This non-recoverable storage loss, if great enough, can result in land subsidence where these units are thick and the release from storage is relatively large and contributes to increased concerns for sea-level rise in areas such as the lower portion of the Chesapeake Bay.
Groundwater usage increased dramatically in the NACP aquifer system during post-World War II era from the mid-1940s to early the 1980s, with withdrawals increasing from about 400 Mgal/d to more than 1,300 Mgal/d. Although groundwater withdrawals have been relatively constant since the early 1980s, about half of the total groundwater withdrawn from the NACP aquifer system since 1900 was withdrawn in the past 30 years. An analysis of the response of the groundwater system to a continuation of the current [2013] pumping for an additional 30 years into the future shows that the flow system continues to adjust in terms of changes in water budget components, water levels, and the boundary between freshwater and saltwater as it approaches equilibrium. The largest change in water budget components is the reduction in the amount of water released from storage.
Across the entire NACP aquifer system, the reduction of storage release from 7 to 4 percent of the total water budget change is accounted for by reductions in groundwater discharge to streams and coastal waters. Locally, a similar response is calculated for each of the geographic areas except for Virginia where the amount of water released from storage accounts for about 25 percent of the total change in water budget. This finding suggests that the groundwater flow system in Virginia is not approaching equilibrium under the current [2013] stresses and, therefore, water levels will continue to decrease even if the pumping remains constant.
An analysis of the change in water levels in the Potomac-Patapsco aquifer as pumping is continued 30 years into the future reveals that the largest decreases in water levels throughout the NACP aquifer system will occur in the southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina parts of the study area. It is these areas that also see the greatest potential for increased lateral movement of saline groundwater in the deep, confined portion of the groundwater flow system in response to a continuation of the current [2013] pumping rates.
The potential effects of long-term climate change and variability on the hydrologic system and availability of water resources in the NACP aquifer system continue to be of serious societal concern. These concerns include the effects of changes in aquifer recharge and in sea-level rise on the groundwater flow system. An assessment of the potential effects of a prolonged drought during current [2013] pumping conditions indicated that the reductions in recharge associated with droughts, including additional irrigation withdrawals required to meet increased crop water demand, have the greatest effects on water levels and streamflows in the surficial aquifer, and changes in water levels in the confined aquifers primarily resulted from the increased withdrawals associated with increased irrigation pumping; this response was most apparent in the Delmarva Peninsula. These results suggest that water levels may not be susceptible to the effects of droughts in the confined aquifers of the NACP aquifer system not used for irrigation, unlike in the unconfined surficial aquifer.
A second analysis also was conducted to assess the effects of sea-level rise on the groundwater system throughout the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province because recent analyses of the relative rates of sea-level rise along the Atlantic coast indicate that the Mid-Atlantic region represents a hot spot with anomalously higher rates of sea-level rise than observed elsewhere in the United States. Groundwater levels rose from 0 to 3 ft in response to a 3-ft simulated change in sea-level position, with the largest response occurring along the shoreline and away from non-tidal streams. About 37 percent (or 10,000 square miles) of the area of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province may experience about a 0.5-ft or more increase in water levels with the 3-ft increase in sea-level position, whereas about 18 percent (almost 5,000 square miles) of land of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province may experience a 2-ft or more increase in water levels with the 3-ft increase in sea-level position.
These increases in the water table are of particular concern in low-lying areas where the unsaturated (vadose) zone is already thin, thus creating concerns for groundwater inundation of subsurface infrastructure, such as basements, septic systems, and subway systems. This increase in the water table also will likely alter the distribution of groundwater discharge to surface-water bodies thus increasing groundwater flow to streams that would have otherwise discharged directly to coastal waters. Throughout the NACP aquifer system, this redistribution of groundwater discharge results in an additional 2 percent of base flow in streams. Although the increases in groundwater discharge to streams (and corresponding decreases in discharge to coastal waters) calculated for the entire NACP aquifer system and its geographic areas represent only a small increase compared with current [2013] conditions, this redistribution of groundwater discharge from the coast to streams locally can alter the delivery of freshwater input to coastal receiving waters and have ecohydrological implications on the sensitive ecosystems which rely on a balance of groundwater discharge and surface-water flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1829","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack, Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S., 2016, Assessment of groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1829, 76 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1829.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 76 p.; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067132","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326315,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165076","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Documentation of a Groundwater Flow Model Developed To Assess Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326316,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326318,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System"},{"id":326317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"PP 1829","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1829/pp1829.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1829"},{"id":326886,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1829/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327883,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":326885,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -71.21337890625,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -71.30126953124999,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 40.04443758460859\n ],\n [\n -72.6416015625,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -74.06982421875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -76.92626953125,\n 35.585851593232356\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -77.27783203125,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 40.6639728763869\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 40.79717741518769\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 41.32732632036622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
U.S. Geological Survey
150 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/wausp/
We assess erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico by identifying interdependencies among oceanographic drivers and probabilistically modeling the resulting potential for coastal change. Wave and water level observations are used to determine relationships between six hydrodynamic parameters that influence total water level and therefore erosion and flooding, through consideration of a wide range of univariate distribution functions and multivariate elliptical copulas. Using these relationships, we explore how different our interpretation of the present-day erosion/flooding risk could be if we had seen more or fewer extreme realizations of individual and combinations of parameters in the past by simulating 10,000 physically and statistically consistent sea-storm time series. We find that seasonal total water levels associated with the 100 year return period could be up to 3 m higher in summer and 0.6 m higher in winter relative to our best estimate based on the observational records. Impact hours of collision and overwash—where total water levels exceed the dune toe or dune crest elevations—could be on average 70% (collision) and 100% (overwash) larger than inferred from the observations. Our model accounts for non-stationarity in a straightforward, non-parametric way that can be applied (with little adjustments) to many other coastlines. The probabilistic model presented here, which accounts for observational uncertainty, can be applied to other coastlines where short record lengths limit the ability to identify the full range of possible wave and water level conditions that coastal mangers and planners must consider to develop sustainable management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JC011482","usgsCitation":"Plant, N.G., Wahl, T., and Long, J.W., 2016, Probabilistic assessment of erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 121, no. 5, p. 3029-3043, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011482.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3029","endPage":"3043","ipdsId":"IP-070871","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/393754/2/pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1abe4b0f2f0cebf11ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wahl, Thomas","contributorId":141017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahl","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13653,"text":"University South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176157,"text":"70176157 - 2016 - Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:27:59","indexId":"70176157","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-31T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics","docAbstract":"Quantification of streamflow characteristics in ungauged catchments remains a challenge. Hydrological modeling is often used to derive flow time series and to calculate streamflow characteristics for subsequent applications that may differ from those envisioned by the modelers. While the estimation of model parameters for ungauged catchments is a challenging research task in itself, it is important to evaluate whether simulated time series preserve critical aspects of the streamflow hydrograph. To address this question, seven calibration objective functions were evaluated for their ability to preserve ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics of the average annual hydrograph using a runoff model, HBV-light, at 27 catchments in the southeastern United States. Calibration trials were repeated 100 times to reduce parameter uncertainty effects on the results, and 12 ecological flow characteristics were computed for comparison. Our results showed that the most suitable calibration strategy varied according to streamflow characteristic. Combined objective functions generally gave the best results, though a clear underprediction bias was observed. The occurrence of low prediction errors for certain combinations of objective function and flow characteristic suggests that (1) incorporating multiple ecological flow characteristics into a single objective function would increase model accuracy, potentially benefitting decision-making processes; and (2) there may be a need to have different objective functions available to address specific applications of the predicted time series.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydro-ecological modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","isbn":"978-3-03842-212-9","usgsCitation":"Vis, M., Knight, R., Poole, S., Wolfe, W.J., and Seibert, J., 2016, Model calibration criteria for estimating ecological flow characteristics, chap. of Hydro-ecological modeling, p. 256-281.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"281","ipdsId":"IP-079269","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328058,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/215"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7f1aae4b0f2f0cebf11ab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Breuer, Lutz","contributorId":174162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breuer","given":"Lutz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647594,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraft, Philipp","contributorId":174163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraft","given":"Philipp","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647595,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Vis, Marc","contributorId":174146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vis","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27368,"text":"University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Rodney 0000-0001-9588-0167 rrknight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-0167","contributorId":152422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, Sandra","contributorId":174147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27368,"text":"University of Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":174054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seibert, Jan","contributorId":176322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seibert","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}