The physical characteristics of mountain streams differ from the uniform and conceptually well- defined open channels for which the analysis of solute transport has been oriented in the past and is now well understood. These physical conditions significantly influence solute transport behavior, as demonstrated by a transient storage model simulation of solute transport in a very small (0.0125 m3s−1) mountain pool-and-riffle stream. The application is to a carefully controlled and intensively monitored chloride injection experiment. The data from the experiment are not explained by the standard convection-dispersion mechanisms alone. A transient storage model, which couples dead zones with the one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation, simulates the general characteristics of the solute transport behavior and a set of simulation parameters were determined that yield an adequate fit to the data. However, considerable uncertainty remains in determining physically realistic values of these parameters. The values of the simulation parameters used are compared to values used by other authors for other streams. The comparison supports, at least qualitatively, the determined parameter values.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00718","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., and Walters, R.A., 1983, Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 718-724, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00718.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"724","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9084e4b08c986b319558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":361036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011419,"text":"70011419 - 1983 - Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:21:11.449223","indexId":"70011419","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Seven granite plutons, spatially and genetically related to tin metalization, are exposed in a 170-km-long belt across northwestern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. These plutons are cupolas and epizonal composite stocks that consist of several textural varieties of biotite granite, including medium- to coarse-grained seriate biotite granite, porphyritic biotite granite with an aplitic groundmass, and fine- to medium-grained equigranular biotite granite. The common accessory minerals are fluorite, allanite, apatite, and zircon. Other accessory minerals that are locally present include tourmaline, sphene, opaque oxide minerals, and late-forming (deuteric) muscovite and chlorite. The granites range in major-element contents as follows: SiO2, 72.5% to 76.6%; A12O3, 12.7% to 14.3%; Na2O, 2.9% to 4.0%; K2O, 3.9% to 5.6%; and CaO, 0.6% to 1.2%. The sum of FeO + Fe2O3 + MgO ranges from 0.3% to 2.4%; and the K2O to Na2O ratio from 1.1 to 1.8. The 0.1% to 0.9% F and 0.01% to 0.2% Cl reflect the over-all volatile-rich nature of the granites. The granites contain average or below-average concentrations of Co, Sc, Cr, and Zn, and generally above-average to distinctly high concentrations of Th, U, Hf, and Ta. The large cations emphasize the evolved nature of the granites; the Rb/Sr ratio is as high as 90 in some samples. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.708 to as high as 0.720. The three Rb-Sr isochrons defined by the data agree with K-Ar age determinations and show that the stocks were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous, between about 70 and 80 m.y. ago.
The field, petrologic, and geochemical data indicate that the plutons had a multistage origin that involved large-scale melting of sialic crust, emplacement of magmas derived from batholithic fractionation at depth, and subsequent evolution of these magmas to generate small volumes of more highly evolved residual magmas. Although evolution of the granite complexes was largely governed by crystal-melt fractionation, some minor-element variations in the highly evolved granites cannot be explained by this process. For example, the distribution of rubidium and the light rare-earths appears to have been influenced by volatile depletion at the final stages of crystallization. The field data, petrologic data, and variation trends, such as distinct shifts toward higher albite contents in the residual granites, suggest that the coexistence of a volatile phase was important in their evolution. These results require that models seeking to explain compositional gradients in high-level granite (rhyolite) systems fully consider the role of a coexisting volatile phase.
A submerged delta of the Merrimack River, located offshore between Cape Ann, Massachusetts, and the New Hampshire border, indicates a postglacial low relative see-level stand of about -47 m. The low stand is inferred to date to 10,500 yr B.P., but a lack of age control makes this assignment uncertain. A curve based on a late Wisconsinan, high relative sea-level stand of +32m at 13,000 yr B.P., a low stand of -47m at 10,500 yr B.P., and younger radiocarbon dates related to sea-level rise indicates an early postglacial crustal rise of at least 5 m per century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(83)90039-X","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., Wommack, L.E., and Whitney, A., 1983, Evidence for a postglacial low relative sea-level stand in the drowned delta of the Merrimack River, Western Gulf of Maine: Quaternary Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 325-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(83)90039-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussetts","city":"Cape Ann","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine, Merrimack River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.1309814453125,\n 42.7379351246715\n ],\n [\n -70.77117919921874,\n 42.7379351246715\n ],\n [\n -70.77117919921874,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -71.1309814453125,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -71.1309814453125,\n 42.7379351246715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d31e4b0c8380cd52e7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, R. N.","contributorId":92680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wommack, L. E.","contributorId":45778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wommack","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitney, A.B.","contributorId":61164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011422,"text":"70011422 - 1983 - Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O II: Differential thermal analysis of the halite liquidus in the NaCl-H2O binary above 450°c","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T14:08:31","indexId":"70011422","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O II: Differential thermal analysis of the halite liquidus in the NaCl-H2O binary above 450°c","docAbstract":"Thermal analysis of the halite liquidus in the system NaCl-H2O has been conducted for NaCl mole fractions (XNaCl) greater than 0.25 (i.e., > 50 wt. % NaCl) at pressures between 0.3 and 4.1 kb and temperatures greater than 450°C. The position of the liquidus was located by differential thermal analysis (DTA) of cooling scans only, as heating scans did not produce definitive DTA peaks. The dP/dT slope of the liquidus is positive and steep at high pressures, but at high XNaCl, and pressures below 0.5 kb it appears to reverse slope and intersects the three-phase curve (liquid-halite-vapour) at a shallow angle. However, due to the complex nature of the DTA signal when P <- 0.5 kb, there is considerable doubt about exactly what event has been recorded in the experiments conducted at these low pressures.
\nThe solubility of halite can be expressed as a function of the mole-fractional-based activity of NaCl in the liquid phase (L) in temperature (T, °K) and pressure (P, bars) In ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703783901527-si1.gif\" "\\"\\"")
Our liquidus data (based on 10 compositions) above 500 bars for these brines were combined with this equation to generate activity coefficients of NaCl which were fit within their experimental uncertainties to the following one parameter Margules equation In ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703783901527-si2.gif\" "\\"\\"")
. Concentrated solutions of NaCl show negative deviations from ideality which rapidly increase in magnitude with decreasing XNaCl.
The frontal thrust belt in the Lima area of southwestern Montana consists of blind (nonsurfacing) thrusts of the Lima thrust system beneath the Lima anticline and the Tendoy thrust sheet to the west. The Tendoy sheet involves Mississippian through Cretaceous rocks of the southwest-plunging nose of the Mesozoic Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift that are thrust higher (northeast) onto the uplift. The front of the Tendoy sheet west of Lima locally has been warped by later compressive deformation which also involved synorogenic conglomerates of the structurally underlying Beaverhead Formation. To the north, recent extension faulting locally has dropped the front of the Tendoy sheet beneath Quaternary gravels. Rocks of the exposed Tendoy sheet have never been deeply buried, based on itrinite reflectance of <= 0.6%, conodont CAI (color alteration index) values that are uniformly 1, and on supporting organic geochemical data from Paleozoic rocks from the Tendoy thrust sheet. Directly above and west of the Tendoy sheet lie formerly more deeply buried rocks of the Medicine Lodge thrust system. Their greater burial depth is indicated by higher conodont CAI values. West-dipping post-Paleocene extension faults truncate much of the rear part of the Tendoy sheet and also separate the Medicine Lodge sheet from thrust sheets of the Beaverhead Range still farther west.
The Laramide Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift east of the frontal thrust belt is asymmetric. Its southeast, steeper limb is exposed along the Snowcrest Range. This limb extends southwestward in the complexly deformed Snowcrest structural terrane. Northwest-dipping thrusts on this limb involve basement rocks and probably merge with depth into a major sub-Snowcrest Range thrust. This major thrust borders and is chiefly responsible for the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift and adjacent Ruby synclinorium to the southeast. Uniform conodont CAI values of 1 from both the southeast and northwest flanks of the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift indicate that no thick cover of Upper Cretaceous or younger rocks extended over the flanks of the uplift. During Mississippian through Permian time, the area of later Laram de uplift underwent more rapid subsidence than the area of the Laramide Ruby syncline and the Centennial basin to the southeast. The inferred sub-Snowcrest Range thrust fault apparently represents a reactivated zone of basement weakness.
The intersection of thrust-belt and foreland trends, similar to the Uinta uplift area to the south, probably formed a number of structural traps for hydrocarbons which have not yet been tested. Potential petroleum source beds and reservoir rocks are both present in southwest Montana. However, remnants of Tertiary lava flows through much of the area, Tertiary to recent basin-and-range faulting, and supermaturity with respect to oil of Permian and older rocks in the western Centennial uplift area are additional factors which must be considered in any estimate of hydrocarbon potential of the Cordilleran overthrust belt and adjacent foreland in extreme southwestern Montana.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B5B6A0-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Perry, W.J., Wardlaw, B.R., Bostick, N.H., and Maughan, E.K., 1983, Structure, burial history, and petroleum potential of frontal thrust belt and adjacent foreland, southwest Montana: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 67, no. 5, p. 725-743, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B5B6A0-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"743","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 44.333\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 44.333\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c68e4b08c986b31d3ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, W. J. Jr.","contributorId":64266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bostick, N. H.","contributorId":67099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maughan, E. K.","contributorId":25568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011616,"text":"70011616 - 1983 - Generalized adjustment by least squares ( GALS).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011616","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized adjustment by least squares ( GALS).","docAbstract":"The least-squares principle is universally accepted as the basis for adjustment procedures in the allied fields of geodesy, photogrammetry and surveying. A prototype software package for Generalized Adjustment by Least Squares (GALS) is described. The package is designed to perform all least-squares-related functions in a typical adjustment program. GALS is capable of supporting development of adjustment programs of any size or degree of complexity. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Elassal, A., 1983, Generalized adjustment by least squares ( GALS).: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 2, p. 201-206.","startPage":"201","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1516e4b0c8380cd54cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elassal, A.A.","contributorId":67653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elassal","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011615,"text":"70011615 - 1983 - Investigation of internal friction in fused quartz, steel, Plexiglass, and Westerly granite from 0.01 to 1.00 Hertz at 10-8 to 10-7 strain amplitude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:26:58.85713","indexId":"70011615","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Investigation of internal friction in fused quartz, steel, Plexiglass, and Westerly granite from 0.01 to 1.00 Hertz at 10-8 to 10-7 strain amplitude","title":"Investigation of internal friction in fused quartz, steel, Plexiglass, and Westerly granite from 0.01 to 1.00 Hertz at 10-8 to 10-7 strain amplitude","docAbstract":"A detailed evaluation on the method of internal friction measurement by the stress-strain hysteresis loop method from 0.01 to 1 Hz at 10−8 to 10−7 strain amplitude and 23.9°C is presented. Significant systematic errors in relative phase measurement can result from convex end surfaces of the sample and stress sensor and from end surface irregularities such as nicks and asperities. Preparation of concave end surfaces polished to optical smoothness having a radius of curvature >3.6×104 cm reduces the systematic error in relative phase measurements to <(5.5±2.2)×10−4 radians. The values of QE−1 (internal friction under uniaxial compression) determined from the relative phase measurements are |QE−1–Qs−1|< 2.8×10−3 for the tool steel sample and |QE−1–Qs−1|< 2.2×10−3 for the Westerly granite sample, where Qs−1 is the internal friction of the fused quartz stress sensor under uniaxial compression. These values are consistent with those inferred from the relative modulus dispersion data also presented in this paper. The polymethyl methacrylate (PMM, trade name Plexiglass) sample shows high values of internal friction (QE−1 ≅5×10−2) with strong frequency dependence and with a maximum in QE−1 at ≅0.4 Hz.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02367","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., and Peselnick, L., 1983, Investigation of internal friction in fused quartz, steel, Plexiglass, and Westerly granite from 0.01 to 1.00 Hertz at 10-8 to 10-7 strain amplitude: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2367-2379, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02367.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2367","endPage":"2379","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e8ee4b0c8380cd63e7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Hsi-Ping","contributorId":59944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hsi-Ping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peselnick, L.","contributorId":66825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peselnick","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011584,"text":"70011584 - 1983 - Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T13:20:13.877949","indexId":"70011584","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones","docAbstract":"Previous geological and geophysical investigations have suggested that the Mississippi Embayment is the site of a Late Precambrian continental rift that was reactivated in the Mesozoic. New information on the deep structure of the northern Mississippi Embayment, gained through an extensive seismic refraction survey, supports a rifting hypothesis. The data indicate that the crust of the Mississippi Embayment may be characterized by six primary layers that correspond geologically to unconsolidated Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments (1.8 km/s), Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks (5.9 km/s), a low-velocity layer of Early Paleozoic sediments (4.9 km/s), crystalline upper crust (6.2 km/s), lower crust (6.6 km/s), modified lower crust (7.3 km/s), and mantle. Average crustal thickness is approximately 41 km. The presence and configuration of the low-velocity layer provide new evidence for rifting in the Mississippi Embayment. The layer lies within the northeast-trending upper-crustal graben reported by Kane et al. (1981), and probably represents marine shales deposited in the graben after rifting. The confirmation and delineation of a 7.3 km/s layer, identified in previous studies, implies that the lower crust has been altered by injection of mantle material. Our results indicate that this layer reaches a maximum thickness in the north-central Embayment and thins gradually to the southeast and northwest, and more rapidly to the southwest along the axis of the graben. The apparent doming of the 7.3 km/s layer in the north-central Embayment suggests that rifting may be the result of a triple junction located in the Reelfoot Basin area. The crustal structure of the Mississippi Embayment is compared to other continental rifts: the Rhinegraben, Limagnegraben, Rio Grande Rift, Gregory Rift, and the Salton Trough. This comparison suggests that alteration of the lower crust is a ubiquitous feature of continental rifts.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(83)90023-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., Andrews, M., Ginzburg, A., Peters, D., and Hamilton, R.M., 1983, Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones: Tectonophysics, v. 94, no. 1-4, p. 327-348, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(83)90023-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 28.9600886880068\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcefe4b0c8380cd4e51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, M.C.","contributorId":62602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginzburg, A.","contributorId":78472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginzburg","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, D.A.","contributorId":33845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, R. M.","contributorId":69995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"R.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011585,"text":"70011585 - 1983 - A procedure to estimate the parent population of the size of oil and gas fields as revealed by a study of economic truncation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70011585","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A procedure to estimate the parent population of the size of oil and gas fields as revealed by a study of economic truncation","docAbstract":"An estimation technique has been derived to predict the number of small fields in a geologic play or basin. Historically, many small oil and gas fields went unreported because they were not economical. This led to an underestimation of the number of undiscovered small fields. A study of the distributions of reported oil and gas fields in well-explored areas suggests that the large fields when grouped into log base 2 size classes are geometrically distributed. Further, the number of small fields reported is a function of the cost of exploration and development. Thus, the population field-size distribution is conjectured to be log geometric in form. ?? 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01030080","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Schuenemeyer, J., and Drew, L., 1983, A procedure to estimate the parent population of the size of oil and gas fields as revealed by a study of economic truncation: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 145-161, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01030080.","startPage":"145","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030080"},{"id":221535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50ce4b0c8380cd46ac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011600,"text":"70011600 - 1983 - The saltwater-freshwater interface in the Tertiary limestone aquifer, southeast Atlantic outer-continental shelf of the U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-11T16:49:26.1536","indexId":"70011600","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The saltwater-freshwater interface in the Tertiary limestone aquifer, southeast Atlantic outer-continental shelf of the U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Hydrologic testing in an offshore oil well abandoned by Tenneco, Inc., determined the position of the saltwater-freshwater interface in Tertiary limestones underlying the Florida-Georgia continental shelf of the U.S.A. Previous drilling (JOIDES and U.S.G.S. AMCOR projects) established the existence of freshwater far offshore in this area. At the Tenneco well 55 mi. (∼88 km) east of Fernandina Beach, Florida, drill-stem tests made in the interval 1050–1070 ft. (320–326 m) below sea level in the Ocala Limestone recovered a sample with a chloride concentration of 7000 mg l−1. Formation water probably is slightly fresher. Pressure-head measurements indicated equivalent freshwater heads of 24–29 ft. (7.3–8.8 m) above sea level.
At the coast (Fernandina Beach), a relatively thin transition zone separating freshwater and saltwater occurs at a depth of 2100 ft. (640 m) below sea level. Fifty-five miles (∼88 km) offshore, at the Tenneco well, the base of freshwater is ∼1100 ft. (∼335 m) below sea level. The difference in approximate depth to the freshwater-saltwater transition at these two locations suggests an interface with a very slight landward slope. Assuming the Hubbert interface equation applies here (because the interface and therefore freshwater flow lines are nearly horizontal) the equilibrium depth to the interface should be 40 times the freshwater head above sea level. Using present-day freshwater heads along the coast in the Hubbert equation results in depths to the interface of less than the observed 2100 ft. (640 m). Substituting predevelopment heads in the equation yields depths greater than 2100 ft. (640 m). Thus the interface appears to be in a transient position between the position that would be compatible with present-day heads and the position that would be compatible with predevelopment heads. This implies that some movement of the interface from the predevelopment position has occurred during the past hundred years. The implied movement is incompatible with the hypothesis that the freshwater occurring far offshore in this area is trapped water remaining since the Pleistocene Epoch.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(83)90251-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Johnston, R., 1983, The saltwater-freshwater interface in the Tertiary limestone aquifer, southeast Atlantic outer-continental shelf of the U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 61, no. 1-3, p. 239-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90251-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.49895094186574,\n 30.906206797439737\n ],\n [\n -82.49895094186574,\n 29.80296540535703\n ],\n [\n -81.27672743461723,\n 29.80296540535703\n ],\n [\n -81.27672743461723,\n 30.906206797439737\n ],\n [\n -82.49895094186574,\n 30.906206797439737\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafb0e4b08c986b324998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, R.H.","contributorId":19536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011601,"text":"70011601 - 1983 - Statistical evaluation of oil and gas prospects in the outer continental shelf of the U.S. Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011601","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical evaluation of oil and gas prospects in the outer continental shelf of the U.S. Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"Areas of the U.S. Gulf Coast, both onshore and offshore, are among the petroliferous regions of the United States. In offshore Louisiana and Texas, most oil and gas is associated with structurally controlled traps on the crest or flanks of domes created by the diapiric movement of salt. These structures can be detected and mapped by seismic techniques that directly indicate favorable prospective areas. The characteristics of seismically defined structures provide information in advance of drilling about the probable size of reservoirs contained within these structures. Simple statistical relationships can be determined between the size, shape, and other attributes of structures detected by seismic mapping and the presence and size of petroleum and natural gas reservoirs. Gulf Coast OCS lease tracts presently are evaluated by the U.S. government using a Monte Carlo simulation procedure adapted from reservoir analysis. Specification of the parameters of the Monte Carlo model are obtained subjectively in advance of drilling and thus are highly uncertain. Comparisons of predrill predictions with postdiscovery reservoir evaluations show very low correlations. In contrast, predrill predictions based on regressions between seismic structural properties and reservoir volumes show highly significant correlations. In addition, statistical analysis of seismic structure is much simpler than the Monte Carlo procedure, and can be applied rapidly and inexpensively. A statistical analysis of the \"Pleistocene Trend\" of offshore Louisiana and Texas, an area of about 3 million acres, yielded results that are sufficiently encouraging to suggest that similar evaluations be made of the remaining Gulf Coast OCS and of OCS regions off of other coasts of the United States. ?? 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01030086","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., and Harbaugh, J., 1983, Statistical evaluation of oil and gas prospects in the outer continental shelf of the U.S. Gulf Coast: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 15, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01030086.","startPage":"217","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030086"},{"id":220713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b972be4b08c986b31b911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, J.W.","contributorId":43912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011442,"text":"70011442 - 1983 - Carbonatite tuffs in the Laetolil Beds of Tanzania and the Kaiserstuhl in Germany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70011442","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonatite tuffs in the Laetolil Beds of Tanzania and the Kaiserstuhl in Germany","docAbstract":"Carbonatite lava and tephra are now well known. The only modern eruptive carbonatites, from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania, are of alkali carbonatite, whereas all of the pre-modern examples are of calcite or dolomite. Chemical and stable isotope analyses were made of separate phases of Pliocene carbonatite tuffs of the Laetolil Beds in Tanzania and of Miocene carbonatite tuffs of the Kaiserstuhl in Germany in order to understand the reasons for this major difference. The Laetolil Beds contain numerous carbonatite and melilitite-carbonatite tuffs. It is proposed that the carbonatite ash was originally of alkali carbonate composition and that the alkali component was dissolved, leaving a residuum of calcium carbonate. The least recrystallized melilitite-carbonatite tuff contains early-deposited calcite cement and calcite pseudomorphs after nyerereite (?) that have contents of strontium and barium and ??18O and ??13C values suggestive of incomplete chemical and isotopic exchange during alteration and replacement of alkali carbonatite ash. Carbonatite tuffs of the Kaiserstuhl contain globules composed of calcite phenocrysts and microphenocrysts in a groundmass of calcite with a small amount of clay, apatite, and magnetite. The SrO contents of phenocrysts, microphenocrysts, and groundmass calcite average 0.90, 1.42, and 0.59 percent, respectively. The average ??18O and ??13C values of globules (+14.3 and -9.0, respectively) fall between those of coarse-grained intrusive Kaiserstuhl carbonatite (avg. +6.6, -5.8) and those of low-temperature calcite cement in the carbonatite tuffs (+21.8, -14.9). The phenocrysts and microphenocrysts are primary magmatic calcite, but several features indicate that the groundmass has been recrystallized and altered in contact with meteoric water, resulting in weathering of silicate to clay, leaching of strontium, and isotopic exchange. The weight of evidence favors an original high content of alkali carbonatite in the groundmass, with recrystallization following leaching of the alkalies. ?? 1983 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00399717","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Hay, R.L., and O’Neil, J.R., 1983, Carbonatite tuffs in the Laetolil Beds of Tanzania and the Kaiserstuhl in Germany: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 82, no. 4, p. 403-406, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00399717.","startPage":"403","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399717"},{"id":221291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f371e4b0c8380cd4b808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, R. L.","contributorId":34170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011443,"text":"70011443 - 1983 - Fission track dating of kimberlitic zircons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T22:01:13.156211","indexId":"70011443","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fission track dating of kimberlitic zircons","docAbstract":"The only reliable method for dating kimberlites at present is the lengthy and specialized hydrothermal procedure that extracts206Pb and238U from low-uranium zircons. This paper describes a second successful method by fission track dating of large single-crystal zircons, 1.0–1.5 cm in dimension. The use of large crystals overcomes the limitations imposed in conventional fission track analysis which utilizes crushed fragments. Low track densities, optical track dispersion, and the random orientation of polished surfaces in the etch and irradiation cycle are effectively overcome.
Fission track ages of zircons from five African kimberlites are reported, from the Kimberley Pool (90.3 ± 6.5 m.y.), Orapa (87.4 ± 5.7 and 92.4 ± 6.1 m.y.), Nzega (51.1 ± 3.8 m.y.), Koffiefontein (90.0 ± 8.2 m.y.), and Val do Queve (133.4 ± 11.5 m.y.). In addition we report the first radiometric ages (707.9 ± 59.6 and 705.5 ± 61.0 m.y.) of crustal zircons from kimberlites in northwest Liberia. The fission track ages agree well with earlier age estimates. Most of the zircons examined in this study are zoned with respect to uranium but linear correlations are established (by regression analysis) between zones of variable uranium content, and within zones of constant uranium content (by analysis of variance). Concordance between the fission track method and the U/Pb technique is established and we concluded that track fading from thermal annealing has not taken place. Kimberlitic zircons dated in this study, therefore, record the time of eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(83)90020-1","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Haggerty, S., Raber, E., and Naeser, C.W., 1983, Fission track dating of kimberlitic zircons: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 63, no. 1, p. 41-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90020-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10bde4b0c8380cd53db3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haggerty, S.E.","contributorId":75681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raber, E.","contributorId":12620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raber","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011602,"text":"70011602 - 1983 - A teleseismic analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:28:56.023172","indexId":"70011602","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A teleseismic analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982","docAbstract":"The analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982, has important implications for the evaluation of seismic hazards in eastern North America. Although moderate in size (mb 5.7), it was well-recorded teleseismically. Source characteristics of this earthquake have been determined from analysis of data that were digitally recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network. From broadband displacement and velocity records of P waves, we have obtained a dynamic description of the rupture process as well as conventional static properties of the source. The depth of the hypocenter is estimated to be 9 km from depth phases. The focal mechanism determined from the broadband data corresponds to predominantly thrust faulting. From the variation in the waveforms the direction of slip is inferred to be updip on a west dipping NNE striking fault plane. The steep dip of the inferred fault plane suggests that the earthquake occurred on a preexisting fault that was at one time a normal fault. From an inversion of bodywave pulse durations, the estimated rupture length is 5.5 km. Average properties of the rupture process were examined by a moment tensor analysis of long-period P and SH body waves. The long-period moment of this earthquake was 5.3 × 1024 dyne cm. The static and dynamic stress drops are 41 and 65 bars, respectively, similar to those of many earthquakes with similar moment in regions that are more seismically active. The joint epicenter determination algorithm was used to locate, relative to the mainshock, the three teleseismically recorded aftershocks that occurred through March 31, 1982. The relocated hypocenters of the aftershocks are significantly different from each other and from that of the mainshock; they provide additional support for the source dimensions inferred from the waveform analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02199","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., Boatwright, J., Dewey, J.W., and Sipkin, S., 1983, A teleseismic analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2199-2212, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02199.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2199","endPage":"2212","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f3e4b0c8380cd47056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011613,"text":"70011613 - 1983 - Characteristic analysis-1981: Final program and a possible discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011613","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristic analysis-1981: Final program and a possible discovery","docAbstract":"The latest ornewest version of thecharacteristicanalysis (NCHARAN)computer program offers the exploration geologist a wide variety of options for integrating regionalized multivariate data. The options include the selection of regional cells for characterizing deposit models, the selection of variables that constitute the models, and the choice of logical combinations of variables that best represent these models. Moreover, the program provides for the display of results which, in turn, makes possible review, reselection, and refinement of a model. Most important, the performance of the above-mentioned steps in an interactive computing mode can result in a timely and meaningful interpretation of the data available to the exploration geologist. The most recent application of characteristic analysis has resulted in the possible discovery of economic sulfide mineralization in the Grong area in central Norway. Exploration data for 27 geophysical, geological, and geochemical variables were used to construct a mineralized and a lithogeochemical model for an area that contained a known massive sulfide deposit. The models were applied to exploration data collected from the Gjersvik area in the Grong mining district and resulted in the identification of two localities of possible mineralization. Detailed field examination revealed the presence of a sulfide vein system and a partially inverted stratigraphic sequence indicating the possible presence of a massive sulfide deposit at depth. ?? 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01030076","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"McCammon, R., Botbol, J., Sinding-Larsen, R., and Bowen, R.W., 1983, Characteristic analysis-1981: Final program and a possible discovery: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 59-83, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01030076.","startPage":"59","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030076"},{"id":220918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f48be4b0c8380cd4bda3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botbol, J.M.","contributorId":46944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sinding-Larsen, R.","contributorId":102986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinding-Larsen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, R. W.","contributorId":72394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011614,"text":"70011614 - 1983 - Large partition coefficients for trace elements in high-silica rhyolites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:44:49.685441","indexId":"70011614","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large partition coefficients for trace elements in high-silica rhyolites","docAbstract":"The partitioning of 25 trace elements between high-silica rhyolitic glass and unzoned phenocrysts of potassic and sodic sanidine, biotite, augite, ferrohedenbergite, hypersthene, fayalite, titanomagnetite, ilmenite, zircon, and allanite has been determined by INAA on suites of samples from the mildly peralkaline lavas and tuff of the Sierra La Primavera, Mexico, and the metaluminous, compo. sitionally zoned, Bishop Tuff, California. The partition coefficients are much larger than published values for less silicic compositions; the range of values among Primavera samples that differ only slightly in temperature or bulk composition approaches that previously reported from basalts to rhyodacites. Intrinsic temperature dependence of the crystal/liquid partitioning is apparently small. The high values of partition coefficients reflect principally the strongly polymerized nature of the alkali-aluminosilicate liquid, whereas the marked variability of values for partition coefficients is attributed to differences in the concentrations of complexing ligands and/or different degrees of melt polymerization. Great variation in the values of partition coefficients that are potentially applicable to early stages in the partial melting of crustal rocks complicates assessment of
(1) source regions for granitic melts and
(2) contributions by crustal-melt increments to andesites.
Representative spectra from three plant species were used to interpret the color components on a color ratio composite image. Most of the vegetation unit coincided with an altered rock unit, but many altered areas were not within the vegetation unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.761","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Milton, N., 1983, Use of reflectance spectra of native plant species for interpreting airborne multispectral scanner data in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 761-769, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.761.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf6ae4b08c986b329b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, N.M.","contributorId":29415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011144,"text":"70011144 - 1983 - Gravity studies in the Cascade Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-12T18:49:09.945462","indexId":"70011144","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Gravity studies in the Cascade Range","docAbstract":"A compatible set of gravity data has been compiled for the entire Cascade Range. From this data set a series of interpretive color gravity maps have been prepared, including a free air anomaly map, Bouguer anomaly map at a principle, and an alternate reduction density, and filtered and derivative versions of the Bouguer anomaly map. The regional anomaly pattern and gradients outline the various geological provinces adjacent to the Cascade Range and delineate major structural elements in the range. The more local anomalies and gradients may delineate low density basin and caldera fill, faults, and shallow plutons. Refs.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources: Energy on Tap! Geothermal Resources Council 1983 Annual Meeting.","conferenceDate":"1983","conferenceLocation":"Portland, Oregon, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"093441257X","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., and Williams, D., 1983, Gravity studies in the Cascade Range, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 7, Portland, Oregon, United States, 1983, p. 247-251.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.56484562362637,\n 40.5290042884144\n ],\n [\n -122.32275197558576,\n 40.52257003161097\n ],\n [\n -121.474514217935,\n 41.1287673203594\n ],\n [\n -121.474514217935,\n 42.08013935532142\n ],\n [\n -121.79092036563003,\n 42.67981755225486\n ],\n [\n -121.58895899476082,\n 43.407962341123465\n ],\n [\n -121.19176829871805,\n 44.46474435738827\n ],\n [\n -120.94268260797968,\n 45.285635278829716\n ],\n [\n -120.51183168345878,\n 45.846477078764195\n ],\n [\n -120.43777918080681,\n 46.37850392962855\n ],\n [\n -119.85209120528538,\n 46.75556849240482\n ],\n [\n -119.91941166224206,\n 47.59753664766524\n ],\n [\n -119.48182869202503,\n 48.3188429440041\n ],\n [\n -119.38758005228632,\n 48.994768779433485\n ],\n [\n -122.28909174710762,\n 48.99918566683198\n ],\n [\n -122.524713346455,\n 48.675723095781734\n ],\n [\n -122.24196742723805,\n 48.41276719804202\n ],\n [\n -121.93902537093442,\n 47.909835084653764\n ],\n [\n -122.14072629860917,\n 47.53097926013987\n ],\n [\n -121.9993533390009,\n 47.27581787315788\n ],\n [\n -122.30229539530455,\n 46.91375554777727\n ],\n [\n -122.7533429031046,\n 46.849335173305235\n ],\n [\n -122.87451972562613,\n 46.000158831216226\n ],\n [\n -122.47059698388682,\n 45.58662057756328\n ],\n [\n -122.6254340348865,\n 45.070740944306834\n ],\n [\n -123.06301700510309,\n 44.189237840604534\n ],\n [\n -123.38615519849431,\n 43.17602762303008\n ],\n [\n -123.42654747266815,\n 42.6038855060948\n ],\n [\n -123.2245861017989,\n 42.345686032794134\n ],\n [\n -122.90144790840814,\n 41.57981163343143\n ],\n [\n -122.82066336006048,\n 40.83021947976849\n ],\n [\n -122.56484562362637,\n 40.5290042884144\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1481e4b0c8380cd54a78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":360385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, David","contributorId":33989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012115,"text":"70012115 - 1983 - Comparison of rapid methods for chemical analysis of milligram samples of ultrafine clays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:53:31","indexId":"70012115","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of rapid methods for chemical analysis of milligram samples of ultrafine clays","docAbstract":"Two rapid methods for the decomposition and chemical analysis of clays were adapted for use with 20–40-mg size samples, typical amounts of ultrafine products (≤0.5-µm diameter) obtained by modern separation methods for clay minerals. The results of these methods were compared with those of “classical” rock analyses. The two methods consisted of mixed lithium metaborate fusion and heated decomposition with HF in a closed vessel. The latter technique was modified to include subsequent evaporation with concentrated H2SO4 and re-solution in HCl, which reduced the interference of the fluoride ion in the determination of Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, and K. Results from the two methods agree sufficiently well with those of the “classical” techniques to minimize error in the calculation of clay mineral structural formulae. Representative maximum variations, in atoms per unit formula of the smectite type based on 22 negative charges, are 0.09 for Si, 0.03 for Al, 0.015 for Fe, 0.07 for Mg, 0.03 for Na, and 0.01 for K.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1983.0310605","usgsCitation":"Rettig, S., Marinenko, J., Khoury, H.N., and Jones, B., 1983, Comparison of rapid methods for chemical analysis of milligram samples of ultrafine clays: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 31, no. 6, p. 440-446, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1983.0310605.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"446","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f887e4b0c8380cd4d176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rettig, S.L.","contributorId":42592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettig","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marinenko, J.W.","contributorId":75558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khoury, Hani N.","contributorId":17765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khoury","given":"Hani","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011661,"text":"70011661 - 1983 - Origin of concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides in stream sediments of Maine, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:48:10","indexId":"70011661","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides in stream sediments of Maine, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Studies of stream and sediment-pore waters largely explain the genesis of concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides in Maine. Waters of two small streams near Jackman, Maine, were studied in terms of pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved Mn, total dissolved Fe, and ferrous and ferric Fe. Pyrite Creek has profuse concretions and coatings of Mn-Fe-oxides, whereas West Pyrite Creek has only sparse Mn-Fe-oxide stains. Pyrite Creek drains boggy terrain and West Pyrite Creek drains well-drained terrain. In West Pyrite Creek, stream and subjacent pore waters have chemical characteristics that do not differ greatly. However, dissolved Mn, ferrous Fe, dissolved oxygen, and in situ Eh measurements show that a steep Eh gradient exists between stream and subjacent pore waters of Pyrite Creek. The steep Eh gradient is manifested by the common zonation of coatings and stains on rocks in stream sediment. The bottom zone has no deposition of oxides, the middle zone is red and consists mostly of Fe-oxides, and the upper zone is black or dark-brown and consists of Mn-oxides with varying amounts of Fe-oxides. The zonation agrees with theoretical predictions of oxide stability as one moves from a reducing to an oxidizing environment. At locations where concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides form, pore waters are depleted of oxygen because of abundant decaying organic material in the stream sediment. The pore waters are charged with dissolved Mn and Fe because mechanically deposited Mn-Fe-oxides are remobilized due to the low-Eh conditions. Groundwaters also contribute dissolved Mn and Fe. Stream waters, on the other hand, are oxygenated and the high-Eh conditions result in low concentrations of dissolved Mn and Fe in stream waters because of the insolubility of Mn-Fe-oxides in high-Eh environments. Therefore, concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides form at the interface between pore and stream waters because Mn- and Fe-rich pore waters, which are undersaturated with respect to Mn-Fe-oxides, mix with oxygen-rich stream waters, which are saturated with respect to Mn-Fe-oxides. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(83)90050-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Nowlan, G., McHugh, J.B., and Hessin, T., 1983, Origin of concretionary Mn-Fe-oxides in stream sediments of Maine, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 141-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(83)90050-5.","startPage":"141","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266113,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(83)90050-5"},{"id":221604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70cbe4b0c8380cd76255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowlan, G.A.","contributorId":99131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hessin, T. D.","contributorId":42181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessin","given":"T. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012116,"text":"70012116 - 1983 - ROLES OF REMOTE SENSING AND CARTOGRAPHY IN THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING DIVISION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012116","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ROLES OF REMOTE SENSING AND CARTOGRAPHY IN THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING DIVISION.","docAbstract":"The inseparable roles of remote sensing and photogrammetry have been recognized to be consistent with the aims and interests of the American Society of Photogrammetry. In particular, spatial data storage, data merging and manipulation methods and other techniques originally developed for remote sensing applications also have applications for digital cartography. Also, with the introduction of much improved digital processing techniques, even relatively low resolution (80 m) traditional Landsat images can now be digitally mosaicked into excellent quality 1:250,000-scale image maps.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","usgsCitation":"Southard, R.B., and Salisbury, J.W., 1983, ROLES OF REMOTE SENSING AND CARTOGRAPHY IN THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING DIVISION., in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA.","startPage":"665","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a936de4b0c8380cd80df3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southard, Rupert B.","contributorId":17371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"Rupert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, John W.","contributorId":96420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011159,"text":"70011159 - 1983 - Geochemistry of the Chattanooga shale, Dekalb County, central Tennessee.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011159","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of the Chattanooga shale, Dekalb County, central Tennessee.","docAbstract":"This Upper Devonian shale is of interest because of its unusual enrichment in trace elements, especially U; a new chemical analysis for major, minor and trace elements is presented. Stable isotopes of carbon (organic) show delta 13C approx -29per mille and for total sulphur show -21 to -27per mille delta 34S. The organic matter was found to range from dominantly marine (Dowelltown member) to dominantly terrestrial (Gassaway member) by extraction-column chromatography-GS and also by pyrolysis-GS of kerogen. Trace elements U, Mo, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, V, As and Hg are enriched in the organic- and sulphide-rich units. This enrichment can be related to a euxinic depositional environment, to a very slow sedimentation rate (approx 2 mm/1000 years), to the type of organic matter that varied from mainly marine to terrestrial, and to the source of the metals, which shows abundance variations that originated, at least in part, from volcanic ash layers.-R.S.M.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Leventhal, J., Briggs, P., and Baker, J., 1983, Geochemistry of the Chattanooga shale, Dekalb County, central Tennessee.: Southeastern Geology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 101-116.","startPage":"101","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a171de4b0c8380cd553ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leventhal, J.S.","contributorId":60640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, J.W.","contributorId":46525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012118,"text":"70012118 - 1983 - Terpenoid marker compounds derived from biogenic precursors in volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:50:23","indexId":"70012118","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terpenoid marker compounds derived from biogenic precursors in volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"A volcanic-ash sample obtained after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, was analyzed for cyclic terpenoid organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer techniques. Various tricyclic diterpenoid acids and hydrocarbons were identified including dehydroabietic acid, dehydroabietin, dehydroabietane, simonellite, and retene. Preliminary evidence indicates that these compounds were derived from forest soils or atmospheric aerosols or both in the vicinity of coniferous forests. A diagenetic scheme involving three possible pathways for the conversion of abietic acid to retene is presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(83)90052-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., and Rostad, C.E., 1983, Terpenoid marker compounds derived from biogenic precursors in volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens, Washington: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, no. 12, p. 2287-2291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90052-2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2287","endPage":"2291","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.31628417968749,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 46.34123949998618\n ],\n [\n -122.31628417968749,\n 46.34123949998618\n ],\n [\n -122.31628417968749,\n 46.164614496897094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba54ae4b08c986b32094c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":780294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}