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,{"id":70175000,"text":"70175000 - 2015 - Western water and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:37:12","indexId":"70175000","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western water and climate change","docAbstract":"<p>The western United States is a region long defined by water challenges. Climate change adds to those historical challenges, but does not, for the most part, introduce entirely new challenges; rather climate change is likely to stress water supplies and resources already in many cases stretched to, or beyond, natural limits. Projections are for continued and, likely, increased warming trends across the region, with a near certainty of continuing changes in seasonality of snowmelt and streamflows, and a strong potential for attendant increases in evaporative demands. Projections of future precipitation are less conclusive, although likely the northernmost West will see precipitation increases while the southernmost West sees declines. However, most of the region lies in a broad area where some climate models project precipitation increases while others project declines, so that only increases in precipitation uncertainties can be projected with any confidence. Changes in annual and seasonal hydrographs are likely to challenge water managers, users, and attempts to protect or restore environmental flows, even where annual volumes change little. Other impacts from climate change (e.g., floods and water-quality changes) are poorly understood and will likely be location dependent.</p>\n<p>In this context, four iconic river basins offer glimpses into specific challenges that climate change may bring to the West. The Colorado River is a system in which overuse and growing demands are projected to be even more challenging than climate-change-induced flow reductions. The Rio Grande offers the best example of how climate-change-induced flow declines might sink a major system into permanent drought. The Klamath is currently projected to face the more benign precipitation future, but fisheries and irrigation management may face dire straits due to warming air temperatures, rising irrigation demands, and warming waters in a basin already hobbled by tensions between endangered fisheries and agricultural demands. Finally, California's Bay-Delta system is a remarkably localized and severe weakness at the heart of the region's trillion-dollar economy. It is threatened by the full range of potential climate-change impacts expected across the West, along with major vulnerabilities to increased flooding and rising sea levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-0938.1","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., Udall, B., and Georgakakos, A.P., 2015, Western water and climate change: Ecological Applications, v. 25, no. 8, p. 2069-2093, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0938.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"2069","endPage":"2093","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065996","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Bradley","contributorId":87862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udall","given":"Bradley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Georgakakos, Aris P.","contributorId":59828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"Aris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168396,"text":"70168396 - 2015 - Assessment of environmental DNA for detecting presence of imperiled aquatic amphibian species in isolated wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T15:03:17","indexId":"70168396","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of environmental DNA for detecting presence of imperiled aquatic amphibian species in isolated wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool that allows low-impact sampling for aquatic species by isolating DNA from water samples and screening for DNA sequences specific to species of interest. However, researchers have not tested this method in naturally acidic wetlands that provide breeding habitat for a number of imperiled species, including the frosted salamander (</span><i>Ambystoma cingulatum</i><span>), reticulated flatwoods salamanders (</span><i>Ambystoma bishopi</i><span>), striped newt (</span><i>Notophthalmus perstriatus</i><span>), and gopher frog (</span><i>Lithobates capito</i><span>). Our objectives for this study were to develop and optimize eDNA survey protocols and assays to complement and enhance capture-based survey methods for these amphibian species. We collected three or more water samples, dipnetted or trapped larval and adult amphibians, and conducted visual encounter surveys for egg masses for target species at 40 sites on 12 different longleaf pine (</span><i>Pinus palustris</i><span>) tracts. We used quantitative PCRs to screen eDNA from each site for target species presence. We detected flatwoods salamanders at three sites with eDNA but did not detect them during physical surveys. Based on the sample location we assumed these eDNA detections to indicate the presence of frosted flatwoods salamanders. We did not detect reticulated flatwoods salamanders. We detected striped newts with physical and eDNA surveys at two wetlands. We detected gopher frogs at 12 sites total, three with eDNA alone, two with physical surveys alone, and seven with physical and eDNA surveys. We detected our target species with eDNA at 9 of 11 sites where they were present as indicated from traditional surveys and at six sites where they were not detected with traditional surveys. It was, however, critical to use at least three water samples per site for eDNA. Our results demonstrate eDNA surveys can be a useful complement to traditional survey methods for detecting imperiled pond-breeding amphibians. Environmental DNA may be particularly useful in situations where detection probability using traditional survey methods is low or access by trained personnel is limited.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/042014-JFWM-034","usgsCitation":"McKee, A.M., Calhoun, D.L., Barichivich, W.J., Spear, S.F., Goldberg, C.S., and Glenn, T.C., 2015, Assessment of environmental DNA for detecting presence of imperiled aquatic amphibian species in isolated wetlands: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 2, p. 498-510, https://doi.org/10.3996/042014-JFWM-034.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063883","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","county":"Irwin County","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola National Forest, Fall Line Sandhills Wildlife Management Area, Fort Benning, Fort Stewart, Joseph W. 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,{"id":70160536,"text":"70160536 - 2015 - Changes in depth occupied by Great Lakes lake whitefish populations and the influence of survey design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T12:51:21","indexId":"70160536","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in depth occupied by Great Lakes lake whitefish populations and the influence of survey design","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding fish habitat use is important in determining conditions that ultimately affect fish energetics, growth and reproduction. Great Lakes lake whitefish (</span><i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i><span>) have demonstrated dramatic changes in growth and life history traits since the appearance of dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes, but the role of habitat occupancy in driving these changes is poorly understood. To better understand temporal changes in lake whitefish depth of capture (</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>), we compiled a database of fishery-independent surveys representing multiple populations across all five Laurentian Great Lakes. By demonstrating the importance of survey design in estimating&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>, we describe a novel method for detecting survey-based bias in&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;and removing potentially biased data. Using unbiased&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;estimates, we show clear differences in the pattern and timing of changes in lake whitefish&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;between our reference sites (Lake Superior) and those that have experienced significant benthic food web changes (lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario). Lake whitefish&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;in Lake Superior tended to gradually shift to shallower waters, but changed rapidly in other locations coincident with dreissenid establishment and declines in&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia</i><span>&nbsp;densities. Almost all lake whitefish populations that were exposed to dreissenids demonstrated deeper&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;following benthic food web change, though a subset of these populations subsequently shifted to more shallow depths. In some cases in lakes Huron and Ontario, shifts towards more shallow&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;are occurring well after documented&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia</i><span>&nbsp;collapse, suggesting the role of other drivers such as habitat availability or reliance on alternative prey sources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.014","collaboration":"Lakehead University, IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","usgsCitation":"Rennie, M.D., Weidel, B., Claramunt, R., and Dunlob, E.S., 2015, Changes in depth occupied by Great Lakes lake whitefish populations and the influence of survey design: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1150-1161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.014.","productDescription":"12 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D.","contributorId":34007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rennie","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunlob, Erin S.","contributorId":150805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunlob","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70161742,"text":"70161742 - 2015 - Predicting spatial distribution of postfire debris flows and potential consequences for native trout in headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T16:39:19","indexId":"70161742","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting spatial distribution of postfire debris flows and potential consequences for native trout in headwater streams","docAbstract":"<p>Habitat fragmentation and degradation and invasion of nonnative species have restricted the distribution of native trout. Many trout populations are limited to headwater streams where negative effects of predicted climate change, including reduced stream flow and increased risk of catastrophic fires, may further jeopardize their persistence. Headwater streams in steep terrain are especially susceptible to disturbance associated with postfire debris flows, which have led to local extirpation of trout populations in some systems. We conducted a reach-scale spatial analysis of debris-flow risk among 11 high-elevation watersheds of the Colorado Rocky Mountains occupied by isolated populations of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus). Stream reaches at high risk of disturbance by postfire debris flow were identified with the aid of a qualitative model based on 4 primary initiating and transport factors (hillslope gradient, flow accumulation pathways, channel gradient, and valley confinement). This model was coupled with a spatially continuous survey of trout distributions in these stream networks to assess the predicted extent of trout population disturbances related to debris flows. In the study systems, debris-flow potential was highest in the lower and middle reaches of most watersheds. Colorado River Cutthroat Trout occurred in areas of high postfire debris-flow risk, but they were never restricted to those areas. Postfire debris flows could extirpate trout from local reaches in these watersheds, but trout populations occupy refugia that should allow recolonization of interconnected, downstream reaches. Specific results of our study may not be universally applicable, but our risk assessment approach can be applied to assess postfire debris-flow risk for stream reaches in other watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"JSTOR","doi":"10.1086/684094","usgsCitation":"Sedell, E.R., Gresswell, R.E., and McMahon, T., 2015, Predicting spatial distribution of postfire debris flows and potential consequences for native trout in headwater streams: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1558-1570, https://doi.org/10.1086/684094.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1558","endPage":"1570","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060323","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684094","text":"External Repository"},{"id":313872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313823,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org.proxybz.lib.montana.edu/stable/10.1086/684094?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.89971923828124,\n              39.82752244475985\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.7978515625,\n              39.768436410838426\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.9681396484375,\n              39.57605638518604\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.11370849609375,\n              39.189690821096804\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.9296875,\n              39.10022600175344\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.435302734375,\n              38.98076276501633\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.95465087890625,\n              39.191819549771694\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.74041748046875,\n              39.459523110465156\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.76239013671875,\n              39.812755695478124\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.89971923828124,\n              39.82752244475985\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf748e4b0e7a44bc0f17f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedell, Edwin R","contributorId":152039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedell","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":18862,"text":"Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grand Fish Research, La Grand, OR, USA 97850","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":152031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Thomas E.","contributorId":93548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162143,"text":"70162143 - 2015 - Geologic cross sections and preliminary geologic map of the Questa Area, Taos County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T14:12:34","indexId":"70162143","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"578","subseriesTitle":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","title":"Geologic cross sections and preliminary geologic map of the Questa Area, Taos County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>In 2011, the senior authors were contacted by Ron Gardiner of Questa, and Village of Questa Mayor Esther Garcia, to discuss the existing and future groundwater supply for the Village of Questa. This meeting led to the development of a plan in 2013 to perform an integrated geologic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic investigation of the Questa area by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology &amp; Mineral Resources (NMBG), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and New Mexico Tech (NMT). </p><p>The NMBG was responsible for the geologic map and geologic cross sections. The USGS was responsible for a detailed geophysical model to be incorporated into the NMBG products. NMT was responsible for providing a graduate student to develop a geochemical and groundwater flow model. This report represents the final products of the geologic and geophysical investigations conducted by the NMBG and USGS. The USGS final products have been incorporated directly into the geologic cross sections. </p><p>The objective of the study was to characterize and interpret the shallow (to a depth of approximately 5,000 ft) three-dimensional geology and preliminary hydrogeology of the Questa area. The focus of this report is to compile existing geologic and geophysical data, integrate new geophysical data, and interpret these data to construct three, detailed geologic cross sections across the Questa area. These cross sections can be used by the Village of Questa to make decisions about municipal water-well development, and can be used in the future to help in the development of a conceptual model of groundwater flow for the Questa area. Attached to this report are a location map, a preliminary geologic map and unit descriptions, tables of water wells and springs used in the study, and three detailed hydrogeologic cross sections shown at two different vertical scales. The locations of the cross sections are shown on the index map of the cross section sheet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","usgsCitation":"Bauer, P.W., Grauch, V.J., Johnson, P.S., Thompson, R.A., Drenth, B.J., and Kelson, K., 2015, Geologic cross sections and preliminary geologic map of the Questa Area, Taos County, New Mexico: Open-File Report 578, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-069393","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea0e4b006455f2d61d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, Paul W.","contributorId":145562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16150,"text":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Peggy S.","contributorId":85689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelson, Keith I.","contributorId":75851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelson","given":"Keith I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162632,"text":"70162632 - 2015 - High-resolution remote sensing of water quality in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:56:25","indexId":"70162632","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution remote sensing of water quality in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Francisco Bay&ndash;Delta Estuary watershed is a major source of freshwater for California and a profoundly human-impacted environment. The water quality monitoring that is critical to the management of this important water resource and ecosystem relies primarily on a system of fixed water-quality monitoring stations, but the limited spatial coverage often hinders understanding. Here, we show how the latest technology in visible/near-infrared imaging spectroscopy can facilitate water quality monitoring in this highly dynamic and heterogeneous system by enabling simultaneous depictions of several water quality indicators at very high spatial resolution. The airborne portable remote imaging spectrometer (PRISM) was used to derive high-spatial-resolution (2.6 &times; 2.6 m) distributions of turbidity, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chlorophyll-a concentrations in a wetland-influenced region of this estuary. A filter-passing methylmercury vs DOC relationship was also developed using in situ samples and enabled the high-spatial-resolution depiction of surface methylmercury concentrations in this area. The results illustrate how high-resolution imaging spectroscopy can inform management and policy development in important inland and estuarine water bodies by facilitating the detection of point- and nonpoint-source pollution, and by providing data to help assess the complex impacts of wetland restoration and climate change on water quality and ecosystem productivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b03518","usgsCitation":"Fichot, C.G., Downing, B.D., Bergamaschi, B.A., Windham-Myers, L., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Thompson, D., and Gierach, M.M., 2015, High-resolution remote sensing of water quality in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 573-583, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03518.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"583","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067066","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1133804321289,\n              38.036734877267705\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1133804321289,\n              38.203115738057605\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9757080078125,\n              38.203115738057605\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9757080078125,\n              38.036734877267705\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1133804321289,\n              38.036734877267705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49c7e4b07ca61bfea55a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fichot, Cedric G.","contributorId":152637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fichot","given":"Cedric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, David R.","contributorId":152638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gierach, Michelle M.","contributorId":152639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gierach","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189525,"text":"70189525 - 2015 - Removal of terrestrial DOC in aquatic ecosystems of a temperate river network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T12:24:34","indexId":"70189525","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of terrestrial DOC in aquatic ecosystems of a temperate river network","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\"><p>Surface waters play a potentially important role in the global carbon balance. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes are a major transfer of terrestrial carbon to river systems, and the fate of DOC in aquatic systems is poorly constrained. We used a unique combination of spatially distributed sampling of three DOC fractions throughout a river network and modeling to quantify the net removal of terrestrial DOC during a summer base flow period. We found that aquatic reactivity of terrestrial DOC leading to net loss is low, closer to conservative chloride than to reactive nitrogen. Net removal occurred mainly from the hydrophobic organic acid fraction, while hydrophilic and transphilic acids showed no net change, indicating that partitioning of bulk DOC into different fractions is critical for understanding terrestrial DOC removal. These findings suggest that river systems may have only a modest ability to alter the amounts of terrestrial DOC delivered to coastal zones.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064647","usgsCitation":"Wollheim, W.M., Stewart, R.J., Aiken, G.R., Butler, K.D., Morse, N.B., and Salisbury, J., 2015, Removal of terrestrial DOC in aquatic ecosystems of a temperate river network: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 16, p. 6671-6679, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064647.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6671","endPage":"6679","ipdsId":"IP-064250","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064647","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River","volume":"42","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82ce4b0d1f9f060a191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wollheim, W. M.","contributorId":10912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, R. J.","contributorId":194685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morse, Nathaniel B.","contributorId":139747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Salisbury, J.","contributorId":194686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162582,"text":"70162582 - 2015 - Substantial contribution of biomethylation to aquifer arsenic cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T10:08:09","indexId":"70162582","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Substantial contribution of biomethylation to aquifer arsenic cycling","docAbstract":"<p>Microbes play a prominent role in transforming arsenic to and from immobile forms in aquifers1. Much of this cycling involves inorganic forms of arsenic2, but microbes can also generate organic forms through methylation3, although this process is often considered insignificant in aquifers4, 5, 6, 7. Here we identify the presence of dimethylarsinate and other methylated arsenic species in an aquifer hosted in volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. We find that dimethylarsinate is widespread in the aquifer and its concentration correlates strongly with arsenite concentration. We use laboratory incubation experiments and an aquifer injection test to show that aquifer microbes can produce dimethylarsinate at rates of about 0.1% of total dissolved arsenic per day, comparable to rates of dimethylarsinate production in surface environments. Based on these results, we estimate that globally, biomethylation in aquifers has the potential to transform 100 tons of inorganic arsenic to methylated arsenic species per year, compared with the 420&ndash;1,250 tons of inorganic arsenic that undergoes biomethylation in soils8. We therefore conclude that biomethylation could contribute significantly to aquifer arsenic cycling. Because biomethylation yields arsine and methylarsines, which are more volatile and prone to diffusion than other arsenic species, we further suggest that biomethylation may serve as a link between surface and subsurface arsenic cycling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2383","usgsCitation":"Maguffin, S.C., Kirk, M.F., Daigle, A.R., Hinkle, S.R., and Jin, Q., 2015, Substantial contribution of biomethylation to aquifer arsenic cycling: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 290-293, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2383.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"293","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051926","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49d3e4b07ca61bfea5e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maguffin, Scott C.","contributorId":152597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maguffin","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Matthew F.","contributorId":152598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirk","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daigle, Ashley R.","contributorId":152599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daigle","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jin, Qusheng","contributorId":152600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jin","given":"Qusheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189524,"text":"70189524 - 2015 - Long-term anoxia and release of ancient, labile carbon upon thaw of Pleistocene permafrost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T12:19:21","indexId":"70189524","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term anoxia and release of ancient, labile carbon upon thaw of Pleistocene permafrost","docAbstract":"<p><span>The fate of permafrost carbon upon thaw will drive feedbacks to climate warming. Here we consider the character and context of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in yedoma permafrost cores from up to 20 m depth in central Alaska. We observed high DOC concentrations (4 to 129 mM) and consistent low molecular weight organic acid concentrations in three cores. We estimate a DOC production rate of 12 µmol DOC m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>based on model ages of up to ~200 kyr derived from uranium isotopes. Acetate C accounted for 24 ± 1% of DOC in all samples. This proportion suggests long-term anaerobiosis and is likely to influence thaw outcomes due to biolability of acetate upon release in many environments. The combination of uranium isotopes, ammonium concentrations, and calcium concentrations explained 86% of the variation in thaw water DOC concentrations, suggesting that DOC production may be related to both reducing conditions and mineral dissolution over time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2015GL066296","usgsCitation":"Ewing, S.A., O’Donnell, J.A., Aiken, G.R., Butler, K.D., Butman, D., Windham-Myers, L., and Kanevskiy, M., 2015, Long-term anoxia and release of ancient, labile carbon upon thaw of Pleistocene permafrost: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 24, p. 10730-10738, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066296.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"10730","endPage":"10738","ipdsId":"IP-066085","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl066296","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82ce4b0d1f9f060a195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, Stephanie A.","contributorId":50065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. 0000-0001-9604-4603 kebutler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4603","contributorId":178885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butman, David 0000-0003-3520-7426 dbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3520-7426","contributorId":174187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"David","email":"dbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","contributorId":167489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":705033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail","contributorId":60511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70173614,"text":"70173614 - 2015 - Water quality and fish dynamics in forested wetlands associated with an oxbow lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T16:29:30","indexId":"70173614","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality and fish dynamics in forested wetlands associated with an oxbow lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forested wetlands represent some of the most distinct environments in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Depending on season, water in forested wetlands can be warm, stagnant, and oxygen-depleted, yet may support high fish diversity. Fish assemblages in forested wetlands are not well studied because of difficulties in sampling heavily structured environments. During the April&ndash;July period, we surveyed and compared the water quality and assemblages of small fish in a margin wetland (forested fringe along a lake shore), contiguous wetland (forested wetland adjacent to a lake), and the open water of an oxbow lake. Dissolved-oxygen levels measured hourly 0.5 m below the surface were higher in the open water than in either of the forested wetlands. Despite reduced water quality, fish-species richness and catch rates estimated with light traps were greater in the forested wetlands than in the open water. The forested wetlands supported large numbers of fish and unique fish assemblages that included some rare species, likely because of their structural complexity. Programs developed to refine agricultural practices, preserve riparian zones, and restore lakes should include guidance to protect and reestablish forested wetlands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bioone","doi":"10.1656/058.014.0404","usgsCitation":"Andrews, C.S., Miranda, L.E., and Kroger, R., 2015, Water quality and fish dynamics in forested wetlands associated with an oxbow lake: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 14, no. 4, p. 623-634, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.014.0404.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059167","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Blue Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.44958114624023,\n              33.92726625895817\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41662216186523,\n              33.92712382336637\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41662216186523,\n              33.897777013859475\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.45026779174805,\n              33.89791949850677\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.44958114624023,\n              33.92726625895817\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f065e4b04f417c24dd45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Caroline S.","contributorId":143700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroger, Robert","contributorId":143701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kroger","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70196071,"text":"70196071 - 2015 - Sources and transport of phosphorus to rivers in California and adjacent states, U.S., as determined by SPARROW modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:50:34","indexId":"70196071","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus to rivers in California and adjacent states, U.S., as determined by SPARROW modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span>The SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes) model was used to simulate annual phosphorus loads and concentrations in unmonitored stream reaches in California, U.S., and portions of Nevada and Oregon. The model was calibrated using de-trended streamflow and phosphorus concentration data at 80 locations. The model explained 91% of the variability in loads and 51% of the variability in yields for a base year of 2002. Point sources, geological background, and cultivated land were significant sources. Variables used to explain delivery of phosphorus from land to water were precipitation and soil clay content. Aquatic loss of phosphorus was significant in streams of all sizes, with the greatest decay predicted in small- and intermediate-sized streams. Geological sources, including volcanic rocks and shales, were the principal control on concentrations and loads in many regions. Some localized formations such as the Monterey shale of southern California are important sources of phosphorus and may contribute to elevated stream concentrations. Many of the larger point source facilities were located in downstream areas, near the ocean, and do not affect inland streams except for a few locations. Large areas of cultivated land result in phosphorus load increases, but do not necessarily increase the loads above those of geological background in some cases because of local hydrology, which limits the potential of phosphorus transport from land to streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12326","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., and Saleh, D., 2015, Sources and transport of phosphorus to rivers in California and adjacent states, U.S., as determined by SPARROW modeling: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1463-1486, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12326.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1463","endPage":"1486","ipdsId":"IP-052538","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeeb20e4b0da30c1bfc64a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saleh, Dina 0000-0002-1406-9303 dsaleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"dsaleh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187762,"text":"70187762 - 2015 - Evaluation of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) air temperature data products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T11:19:03","indexId":"70187762","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) air temperature data products","docAbstract":"<p><span>There is a high demand for agrohydrologic models to use gridded near-surface air temperature data as the model input for estimating regional and global water budgets and cycles. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) developed by combining simulation models with observations provides a long-term gridded meteorological dataset at the global scale. However, the GLDAS air temperature products have not been comprehensively evaluated, although the accuracy of the products was assessed in limited areas. In this study, the daily 0.25° resolution GLDAS air temperature data are compared with two reference datasets: 1) 1-km-resolution gridded Daymet data (2002 and 2010) for the conterminous United States and 2) global meteorological observations (2000–11) archived from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). The comparison of the GLDAS datasets with the GHCN datasets, including 13 511 weather stations, indicates a fairly high accuracy of the GLDAS data for daily temperature. The quality of the GLDAS air temperature data, however, is not always consistent in different regions of the world; for example, some areas in Africa and South America show relatively low accuracy. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal a high agreement between GLDAS and Daymet daily air temperature datasets, although spatial details in high mountainous areas are not sufficiently estimated by the GLDAS data. The evaluation of the GLDAS data demonstrates that the air temperature estimates are generally accurate, but caution should be taken when the data are used in mountainous areas or places with sparse weather stations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-14-0230.1","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Senay, G.B., and Verdin, J.P., 2015, Evaluation of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) air temperature data products: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 16, p. 2463-2480, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0230.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2463","endPage":"2480","ipdsId":"IP-060871","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0230.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e26a5e4b0764e6c61b754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":139587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159962,"text":"70159962 - 2015 - Categorisation of northern California rainfall for periods with and without a radar brightband using stable isotopes and a novel automated precipitation collector","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-04T15:46:35","indexId":"70159962","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3527,"text":"Tellus, Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Categorisation of northern California rainfall for periods with and without a radar brightband using stable isotopes and a novel automated precipitation collector","docAbstract":"<p><span>During landfall of extratropical cyclones between 2005 and 2011, nearly 1400 precipitation samples were collected at intervals of 30-min time resolution with novel automated collectors at four NOAA sites in northern California [Alta (ATA), Bodega Bay (BBY), Cazadero (CZD) and Shasta Dam (STD)] during 43 events. Substantial decreases were commonly followed hours later by substantial increases in hydrogen isotopic composition (</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;where VSMOW is Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) and oxygen isotopic composition (</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>) of precipitation. These variations likely occur as pre-cold frontal precipitation generation transitions from marine vapour masses having low rainout to cold cloud layers having much higher rainout (with concomitant brightband signatures measured by an S-band profiling radar and lower&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;values of precipitation), and finally to shallower, warmer precipitating clouds having lower rainout (with non-brightband signatures and higher&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;values of precipitation), in accord with &lsquo;seeder&ndash;feeder&rsquo; precipitation. Of 82 intervals identified, a remarkable 100.5 &permil; decrease in&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;value was observed for a 21 January 2010 event at BBY. Of the 61 intervals identified with increases in&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;values as precipitation transitioned to shallower, warmer clouds having substantially less rainout (the feeder part of the seeder&ndash;feeder mechanism), a remarkable increase in&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;value of precipitation of 82.3 &permil; was observed for a 10 February 2007 event at CZD. All CZD and ATA events having&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;values of precipitation below &minus;105 &permil; were atmospheric rivers (ARs), and of the 13 events having&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>values of precipitation below &minus;80 &permil;, 77 % were ARs. Cloud echo-top heights (a proxy for atmospheric temperature) were available for 23 events. The mean echo-top height is greater for higher rainout periods than that for lower rainout periods in 22 of the 23 events. The lowest&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;of precipitation of 28 CZD events was &minus;137.9 &permil; on 16 February 2009 during an AR with cold precipitating clouds and very high rainout with tops &gt;6.5 km altitude. An altitude effect of &minus;2.5 &permil; per 100 m was measured from BBY and CZD&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;data and of &minus;1.8 &permil; per 100 m for CZD and ATA&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;data. We present a new approach to categorise rainfall intervals using&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>2</sup><span>H</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span>&nbsp;values of precipitation and rainfall rates. We term this approach the algorithmic-isotopic categorisation of rainfall, and we were able to identify higher rainout and/or lower rainout periods during all events in this study. We conclude that algorithmic-isotopic categorisation of rainfall can enable users to distinguish between tropospheric vapour masses having relatively high rainout (typically with brightband rain and that commonly are ARs) and vapour masses having lower rainout (commonly with non-brightband rain).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Meteorological Institute","publisherLocation":"Stockholm, Sweden","doi":"10.3402/tellusb.v67.28574","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., Paul J. Neiman, Allen B. White, and Ralph, F.M., 2015, Categorisation of northern California rainfall for periods with and without a radar brightband using stable isotopes and a novel automated precipitation collector: Tellus, Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, v. 67, p. 1-48, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.28574.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069509","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.28574","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311948,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.28574"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern California: Bodega Bay, Cazadero, Alta and Shasta Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.05837631225586,\n              38.33600115904974\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04987907409668,\n              38.33566453597907\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03897857666014,\n              38.32825843276099\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03091049194336,\n              38.316339750609366\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03245544433592,\n              38.31283784445829\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.05322647094727,\n              38.29936739855925\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.05940628051756,\n              38.2978854967878\n            ],\n       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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5662c745e4b06a3ea36c67b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul J. Neiman","contributorId":150274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul J. Neiman","affiliations":[{"id":17953,"text":"Earth Systems Research Lab, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen B. White","contributorId":150275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen B. White","affiliations":[{"id":17953,"text":"Earth Systems Research Lab, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ralph, F. Martin","contributorId":150276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":17953,"text":"Earth Systems Research Lab, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70169076,"text":"70169076 - 2015 - The importance of considering shifts in seasonal changes in discharges when predicting future phosphorus loads in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T12:37:34","indexId":"70169076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of considering shifts in seasonal changes in discharges when predicting future phosphorus loads in streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this work, we hypothesize that phosphorus (P) concentrations in streams vary seasonally and with streamflow and that it is important to incorporate this variation when predicting changes in P loading associated with climate change. Our study area includes 14 watersheds with a range of land uses throughout the U.S. Great Lakes Basin. We develop annual seasonal load-discharge regression models for each watershed and apply these models with simulated discharges generated for future climate scenarios to simulate future P loading patterns for two periods: 2046&ndash;2065 and 2081&ndash;2100. We utilize output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 downscaled climate change projections that are input into the Large Basin Runoff Model to generate future discharge scenarios, which are in turn used as inputs to the seasonal P load regression models. In almost all cases, the seasonal load-discharge models match observed loads better than the annual models. Results using the seasonal models show that the concurrence of nonlinearity in the load-discharge model and changes in high discharges in the spring months leads to the most significant changes in P loading for selected tributaries under future climate projections. These results emphasize the importance of using seasonal models to understand the effects of future climate change on nutrient loads.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-015-0149-5","usgsCitation":"LaBeau, M.B., Mayer, A.S., Griffis, V., Watkins, D., Robertson, D.M., and Gyawali, R., 2015, The importance of considering shifts in seasonal changes in discharges when predicting future phosphorus loads in streams: Biogeochemistry, v. 126, no. 1-2, p. 153-172, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0149-5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065192","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2ffe4b07dd077c6ad8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBeau, Meredith B.","contributorId":52897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBeau","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Alex S.","contributorId":81028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffis, Veronica","contributorId":167586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffis","given":"Veronica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watkins, David Jr.","contributorId":167587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"David Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gyawali, Rabi","contributorId":167588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gyawali","given":"Rabi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70176400,"text":"70176400 - 2015 - Quantifying the residence time and flushing characteristics of a shallow, back-barrier estuary: Application of hydrodynamic and particle tracking models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-13T09:39:55","indexId":"70176400","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the residence time and flushing characteristics of a shallow, back-barrier estuary: Application of hydrodynamic and particle tracking models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estuarine residence time is a major driver of eutrophication and water quality. Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH), New Jersey, is a lagoonal back-barrier estuary that is subject to anthropogenic pressures including nutrient loading, eutrophication, and subsequent declines in water quality. A combination of hydrodynamic and particle tracking modeling was used to identify the mechanisms controlling flushing, residence time, and spatial variability of particle retention. The models demonstrated a pronounced northward subtidal flow from Little Egg Inlet in the south to Pt. Pleasant Canal in the north due to frictional effects in the inlets, leading to better flushing of the southern half of the estuary and particle retention in the northern estuary. Mean residence time for BB-LEH was 13&nbsp;days but spatial variability was between ∼0 and 30&nbsp;days depending on the initial particle location. Mean residence time with tidal forcing alone was 24&nbsp;days (spatial variability between ∼0 and 50&nbsp;days); the tides were relatively inefficient in flushing the northern end of the Bay. Scenarios with successive exclusion of physical processes from the models revealed that meteorological and remote offshore forcing were stronger drivers of exchange than riverine inflow. Investigations of water quality and eutrophication should take into account spatial variability in hydrodynamics and residence time in order to better quantify the roles of nutrient loading, production, and flushing.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-014-9885-3","usgsCitation":"Defne, Z., and Ganju, N., 2015, Quantifying the residence time and flushing characteristics of a shallow, back-barrier estuary: Application of hydrodynamic and particle tracking models: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 38, no. 5, p. 1719-1734, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9885-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1719","endPage":"1734","ipdsId":"IP-057196","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/7506","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d92340e4b090824ffa1b23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Defne, Zafer 0000-0003-4544-4310 zdefne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-4310","contributorId":5520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defne","given":"Zafer","email":"zdefne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":149613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178476,"text":"70178476 - 2015 - SPARROW modeling of nitrogen sources and transport in rivers and streams of California and adjacent states, U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-21T13:09:04","indexId":"70178476","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SPARROW modeling of nitrogen sources and transport in rivers and streams of California and adjacent states, U.S.","docAbstract":"<p><span>The SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) model was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of total nitrogen (TN) sources, loads, watershed yields, and factors affecting transport and decay in the stream network of California and portions of adjacent states for the year 2002. The two major TN sources to local catchments on a mass basis were fertilizers and manure (51.7%) and wastewater discharge (15.9%). Other sources contributed &lt;&nbsp;12%. Fertilizer use is widespread in the Central Valley region of California, and also important in several other regions because of the diversity of California agriculture. Precipitation, sand content of surficial soils, wetlands, and tile drains were important for TN movement to stream reaches. Median streamflow in the study area is about 0.04&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s. Aquatic losses of nitrogen were found to be most important in intermittent and small to medium sized streams (0.2-14&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s), while larger streams showed less loss, and therefore are important for TN transport. Nitrogen loss in reservoirs was found to be insignificant, possibly because most of the larger ones are located upstream of nitrogen sources. The model was used to show loadings, sources, and tributary inputs to several major rivers. The information provided by the SPARROW model is useful for determining both the major sources contributing nitrogen to streams and the specific tributaries that transport the load.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12325","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D., and Domagalski, J.L., 2015, SPARROW modeling of nitrogen sources and transport in rivers and streams of California and adjacent states, U.S.: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1487-1507, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12325.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1487","endPage":"1507","ipdsId":"IP-044910","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"51","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583415b3e4b0070c0abed828","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12325","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12325","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Saleh Dina, Domagalski Joseph","journalName":"JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association","publicationDate":"7/2015","auditedOn":"1/29/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"7/14/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, Dina 0000-0002-1406-9303 dsaleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"dsaleh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174114,"text":"70174114 - 2015 - Why are freshwater fish so threatened?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T16:20:39","indexId":"70174114","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Why are freshwater fish so threatened?","docAbstract":"<p>The huge diversity of freshwater fishes is concentrated into an area of habitat that covers only about 1% of the Earth's surface, and much of this limited area has already been extensively impacted and intensively managed to meet human needs (Dudgeon&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2006). As outlined in Chapter 1, the number and proportions of threatened species tend to rise wherever fish diversity coincides with dense human populations, intensive resource use and development pressure. Of particular concern is the substantial proportion of the global diversity of freshwater fishes concentrated within the Mekong and Amazon Basins and west-central Africa (Berra, 2001; Abell&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2008; Dudgeon, 2011; Chapter 1) with extensive exploitation of water resources planned to accelerate in future years (Dudgeon, 2011; Chapter 1). If current trends continue, and the social, political and economic models that have been used to develop industrialised regions of the world over the past two centuries prevail, then the future of a significant proportion of global diversity of freshwater fish species is clearly uncertain.</p>\n<p>Understanding why so many freshwater fish species are threatened requires some understanding of their biology, diversity, distribution, biogeography and ecology, but also some appreciation of the social, economic and political forces that are causing humans to destroy the natural ecosystems upon which we all ultimately depend. To begin to understand the diversity of freshwater fishes, we first need to consider the processes that generated and continue to sustain the diversity of species we see today. Based on an understanding of how freshwater fish diversity is generated and sustained, we consider how vulnerable or resilient various freshwater fishes are to the range of anthropogenic impacts that impinge on freshwater ecosystems. Finally, we discuss how social, political and economic drivers influence human impacts on natural systems, and the changes needed to current models of development that can lead to a sustainable future for humans and the diverse range of freshwater fish species with which we share our planet. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the key issues and threats driving the declines in freshwater fish diversity identified in Chapter 1; subsequent chapters provide more detail on the key issues and address our options for developing a sustainable future for freshwater fishes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation of Freshwater Fishes","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139627085","usgsCitation":"Closs, G.P., Angermeier, P.L., Darwall, W.R., and Balcombe, S.R., 2015, Why are freshwater fish so threatened?, chap. <i>of</i> Conservation of Freshwater Fishes, p. 37-75, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139627085.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059105","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb9e4b07657d1a90daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Closs, Gerard P.","contributorId":172538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Closs","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darwall, William R.T.","contributorId":94981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darwall","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balcombe, Stephen R.","contributorId":172539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balcombe","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174146,"text":"70174146 - 2015 - Management and the conservation of freshwater ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T15:41:28","indexId":"70174146","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Management and the conservation of freshwater ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p>Riparian areas are the terrestrial environment adjacent to water that both influences and is influenced by the aquatic feature (Gregory&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1991; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010). Riparian areas along streams provide shade, sources of wood and organic matter, contribute to bank stability, filter sediments, take up excess nutrients from groundwater inputs, and other key processes that protect freshwaters (e.g. Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010; Richardson &amp; Danehy, 2007; Figure 9.1). Riparian areas also increase biodiversity through habitat complexity and close juxtaposition of aquatic and terrestrial environments (Quinn&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2004; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010). Alterations to riparian areas, despite their small area relative to the landscape, have disproportionate effects on habitats and fish communities (Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010; Wipfli &amp; Baxter, 2010). Key habitat losses and alterations are derived from modification of riparian areas by reducing instream habitat complexity (Bilby &amp; Ward, 1989; Fausch &amp; Northcote, 1992; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010), diminishing the productive basis of freshwater food webs (Belsky&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1999; Quinn&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2004), increasing nutrient, contaminant and sediment intrusion (Muscutt&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1993; Daniels &amp; Gilliam, 1996; Nguyen&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1998; Waters, 1999).</p>\n<p>Riparian and freshwater ecosystems are typically tightly coupled, especially in their natural states, and the linkages that couple them frequently exert strong influence on their associated invertebrate and fish fauna (e.g. Gregory&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1991; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010). Riparian habitats, and the condition of these habitats, further plays a key role in the ecology of these fresh waters, influencing critical processes such as water, nutrient and sediment delivery and dynamics; prey resources for fish and other consumers, and other organic materials exchanged between aquatic and terrestrial habitats (Nakano&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 1999; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010); light and water temperature dynamics that in turn affect food web processes and fish metabolism and growth; aquatic physical habitat (wood); and terrestrial consumers that prey upon fishes (Bisson &amp; Bilby, 1998; Naiman&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010; Wipfli &amp; Baxter, 2010). These processes in turn directly or indirectly influence fishes in freshwater systems (Wang&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2001; Pusey &amp; Arthington, 2003; Allan, 2004; Richardson&nbsp;<i>et al</i>., 2010a).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139627085.010","usgsCitation":"Wipfli, M.S., and Richardson, J.S., 2015, Management and the conservation of freshwater ecosystems, p. 270-291, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139627085.010.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"291","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055418","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb1e4b07657d1a90cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, John S.","contributorId":172517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159597,"text":"70159597 - 2015 - Estimating the risks for adverse effects of total phosphorus in receiving streams with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T15:33:24","indexId":"70159597","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating the risks for adverse effects of total phosphorus in receiving streams with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)","docAbstract":"<p>Studies from North Carolina (NC) indicate that increasing concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and other constituents are correlated to adverse effects on stream ecosystems as evidenced by differences in benthic macroinvertebrate populations in streams across the state. As a result, stringent in-stream criteria based on the Water Quality Assessed by Benthic macroinvertebrate health ratings (WQABI) have been proposed for regulating TP concentrations in stormwater discharges and for selecting stormwater best management practices (BMPs). The WQABI criteria concentrations may not be suitable for evaluating stormwater discharges because they are based on baseflow concentration statistics, the criteria do not include a clearly defined allowable exceedance frequency, and there are substantial uncertainties in estimating the quality of runoff, BMP discharge, and receiving waters for sites without monitoring data.</p>\n<p>The Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, was used to simulate the quality of runoff, BMP discharge, and receiving waters to evaluate risks for water-quality exceedances with different criteria concentrations, allowable exceedance frequencies, and selected water-quality statistics. Water-quality data from two neighboring basins in the Piedmont ecoregion in NC were used to simulate in-stream stormwater quality. Data collected at 15 sites in NC were used to simulate runoff quality. Statistics for stochastic modeling of volume reduction, hydrograph extension, and water-quality treatment by BMPs, were used to simulate potential effect of these treatments on discharge quality and downstream stormwater quality. Results of these long-term 30-year simulations were used to evaluate criteria concentrations, the potential frequency of water-quality exceedances, and the effect of data selection on risks for water-quality exceedances.</p>\n<p>The simulations indicate that the potential frequency for exceeding instream and stormwater discharge criteria depend on the detailed definition of the criteria and the data that are selected for simulating water quality. Data and simulation results indicate that the baseflow concentrations do not represent stormwater concentrations, even in predominantly forested basins. There is substantial uncertainty in applying stormwater statistics to unmonitored sites, even if these statistics are applied to neighboring basins such as in this example. Over a period of several years (or more) it would be impossible to meet many of the proposed instream and stormwater discharge quality criteria unless these criteria include an allowable exceedance frequency because stormwater concentrations commonly vary by orders of magnitude. Selection of BMPs by using concentration reduction as the sole criteria may underestimate potential benefits of BMPs that also provide volume reduction, which reduces discharge loads, and hydrograph extension, which increases the dilution of runoff into a larger proportion of the upstream stormflow.</p>\n<p>Results of this study indicate the potential benefits of the multi-decade simulations that SELDM provides because these simulations quantify risks and uncertainties that affect decisions made with available data and statistics. Results of the SELDM simulations indicate that the WQABI criteria concentrations may be too stringent for evaluating the stormwater quality in receiving streams, highway runoff, and BMP discharges; especially with the substantial uncertainties inherent in selecting representative data.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2015)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2015 International conference on ecology and transportation","conferenceDate":"September 20, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Raleigh, NC","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Transportation and the Environment","usgsCitation":"Granato, G.E., and Jones, S.C., 2015, Estimating the risks for adverse effects of total phosphorus in receiving streams with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM), <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2015), Raleigh, NC, September 20, 2015, p. 1-19.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065909","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175cae4b06a3ea36c56a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":147346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Susan C. 0000-0002-5891-5209","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-5209","contributorId":64716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":34302,"text":"Federal Highway Administration (United States)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70161871,"text":"70161871 - 2015 - Critical loads of atmospheric deposition to Adirondack lake watersheds: A guide for policymakers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T16:24:46","indexId":"70161871","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Critical loads of atmospheric deposition to Adirondack lake watersheds: A guide for policymakers","docAbstract":"<p>Acid deposition is sometimes referred to as “acid rain,” although part of the acid load reaches the surface by means other than rainfall. In the eastern U.S., acid deposition consists of several forms of sulfur and nitrogen that largely originate as emissions to the atmosphere from sources such as electricity-generating facilities (coal, oil, and natural gas), diesel- and gasoline-burning vehicles, some agricultural activities, and smokestack industries. Acid deposition is known to cause deleterious effects to sensitive ecosystems of which the Adirondack region of New York State provides several well-known and well-studied examples. This largely forested region includes abundant lakes, streams, and wetlands and possesses several landscape features that result in high ecosystem sensitivity to acid deposition. These features include bedrock that weathers slowly, steep slopes, and thin, naturally acidic soils. An ecosystem is described as sensitive to, or affected by, acid deposition if prolonged exposure to acid deposition has resulted in detrimental ecosystem effects. Soils, streams, and lakes that are less sensitive are better able to buffer acid deposition. A principal reason that acidification is a concern for resource managers is because of the changes induced in native biota and their habitat on land and in water. As the chemistry of soils and surface waters in sensitive landscapes changes in response to prolonged exposure to acid deposition, organisms that cannot tolerate high acidity, such as sugar maple trees and many species of fish and aquatic insects, may be gradually eliminated from the ecosystem. Other biota such as red spruce may experience increased stress and reduced growth rates as a result of acidification, exposing these species to increased susceptibility to disease and other natural stressors and perhaps increased mortality. The ecological effects of acid deposition have been documented by extensive research that began in the U.S. in the 1970s and continues today. This report does not provide a detailed discussion of these ecological effects, but interested readers can refer to four publications that provide good summaries of current scientific knowledge of these effects, including extensive reference to previous research in the Adirondacks (Driscoll et al. 2001, Jenkins et al. 2007, Burns et al. 2011, Sullivan 2015).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Energy Research and Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., and Sullivan, T.J., 2015, Critical loads of atmospheric deposition to Adirondack lake watersheds: A guide for policymakers, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-058091","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiv7-LktazTAhWBOyYKHWKcBasQFggiMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyserda.ny.gov%2F-%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FPublications%2FResearch%2FEnvironmental%2FCritical-Loads-Atmospheric-Deposition-Andirondack-Watersheds-Policymakers.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFsh27dS6wWmxNnFdWHul_fyLdDUA"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d440e4b0f2e20545e417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":77812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70161741,"text":"70161741 - 2015 - Fire effects on aquatic ecosystems: An assessment of the current state of the science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T13:19:04.034953","indexId":"70161741","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire effects on aquatic ecosystems: An assessment of the current state of the science","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fire is a prevalent feature of many landscapes and has numerous and complex effects on geological, hydrological, ecological, and economic systems. In some regions, the frequency and intensity of wildfire have increased in recent years and are projected to escalate with predicted climatic and landuse changes. In addition, prescribed burns continue to be used in many parts of the world to clear vegetation for development projects, encourage desired vegetation, and reduce fuel loads. Given the prevalence of fire on the landscape, authors of papers in this special series examine the complexities of fire as a disturbance shaping freshwater ecosystems and highlight the state of the science. These papers cover key aspects of fire effects that range from vegetation loss and recovery in watersheds to effects on hydrology and water quality with consequences for communities (from algae to fish), food webs, and ecosystem processes (e.g., organic matter subsidies, nutrient cycling) across a range of scales. The results presented in this special series of articles expand our knowledge of fire effects in different biomes, water bodies, and geographic regions, encompassing aquatic population, community, and ecosystem responses. In this overview, we summarize each paper and emphasize its contributions to knowledge on fire ecology and freshwater ecosystems. This overview concludes with a list of 7 research foci that are needed to further our knowledge of fire effects on aquatic ecosystems, including research on: 1) additional biomes and geographic regions; 2) additional habitats, including wetlands and lacustrine ecosystems; 3) different fire severities, sizes, and spatial configurations; and 4) additional response variables (e.g., ecosystem processes) 5) over long (&gt;5 y) time scales 6) with more rigorous study designs and data analyses, and 7) consideration of the effects of fire management practices and policies on aquatic ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/684073","usgsCitation":"Bixby, R.J., Cooper, S., Gresswell, R.E., Brown, L.E., Dahm, C.N., and Dwire, K.A., 2015, Fire effects on aquatic ecosystems: An assessment of the current state of the science: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1340-1350, https://doi.org/10.1086/684073.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1340","endPage":"1350","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068454","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5q9165nf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":381478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf741e4b0e7a44bc0f156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bixby, Rebecca J.","contributorId":147389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bixby","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16834,"text":"Dept. of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, Univ of NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Scott D.","contributorId":152035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Scott D.","affiliations":[{"id":18860,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute      University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":152031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Lee E.","contributorId":152036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":18861,"text":"School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dahm, Clifford N.","contributorId":152037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dwire, Kathleen A.","contributorId":225615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dwire","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":41171,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70184232,"text":"70184232 - 2015 - Hydrologic implications of GRACE satellite data in the Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T18:44:55","indexId":"70184232","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic implications of GRACE satellite data in the Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Use of GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites for assessing global water resources is rapidly expanding. Here we advance application of GRACE satellites by reconstructing long-term total water storage (TWS) changes from ground-based monitoring and modeling data. We applied the approach to the Colorado River Basin which has experienced multiyear intense droughts at decadal intervals. Estimated TWS declined by 94 km</span><sup>3</sup><span> during 1986–1990 and by 102 km</span><sup>3</sup><span> during 1998–2004, similar to the TWS depletion recorded by GRACE (47 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>) during 2010–2013. Our analysis indicates that TWS depletion is dominated by reductions in surface reservoir and soil moisture storage in the upper Colorado basin with additional reductions in groundwater storage in the lower basin. Groundwater storage changes are controlled mostly by natural responses to wet and dry cycles and irrigation pumping outside of Colorado River delivery zones based on ground-based water level and gravity data. Water storage changes are controlled primarily by variable water inputs in response to wet and dry cycles rather than increasing water use. Surface reservoir storage buffers supply variability with current reservoir storage representing ∼2.5 years of available water use. This study can be used as a template showing how to extend short-term GRACE TWS records and using all available data on storage components of TWS to interpret GRACE data, especially within the context of droughts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR018090","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Zhang, Z., Reedy, R.C., Pool, D.R., Save, H., Long, D., Chen, J., Wolock, D.M., Conway, B.D., and Winester, D., 2015, Hydrologic implications of GRACE satellite data in the Colorado River Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 12, p. 9891-9903, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018090.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9891","endPage":"9903","ipdsId":"IP-070650","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018090","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","volume":"51","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ce4b014cc3a3a99f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Zizhan","contributorId":187508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Zizhan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reedy, Robert C.","contributorId":187509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reedy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pool, Donald R. drpool@usgs.gov","contributorId":1121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"Donald","email":"drpool@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Save, Himanshu","contributorId":187510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Save","given":"Himanshu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, Di","contributorId":187511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Di","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, Jianli","contributorId":187512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jianli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Conway, Brian D.","contributorId":187513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conway","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Winester, Daniel","contributorId":187514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winester","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70220207,"text":"70220207 - 2015 - A comparison of thermal infrared to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing for evaluation of groundwater discharge to surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T14:29:52.674829","indexId":"70220207","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-30T08:31:30","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of thermal infrared to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing for evaluation of groundwater discharge to surface water","docAbstract":"Groundwater has a predictable thermal signature that can be used to locate discrete zones of discharge to surface water. As climate warms, surface water with strong groundwater influence will provide habitat stability and refuge for thermally stressed aquatic species, and is therefore critical to locate and protect. Alternatively, these discrete seepage locations may serve as potential point sources of contaminants from polluted aquifers. This study compares two increasingly common heat tracing methods to locate discrete groundwater discharge: direct-contact measurements made with fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) and remote sensing measurements collected with thermal infrared (TIR) cameras. FO-DTS is used to make high spatial resolution (typically m) thermal measurements through time within the water column using temperature-sensitive cables. The spatialtemporal data can be analyzed with statistical measures to reveal zones of groundwater influence, however, the personnel requirements, time to install, and time to georeference the cables can be burdensome, and the control units need constant calibration. In contrast, TIR data collection, either from handheld, airborne, or satellite platforms, can quickly capture point-in-time evaluations of groundwater seepage zones across large scales. However the remote nature of TIR measurements means they can be adversely influenced by a number of environmental and physical factors, and the measurements are limited to the surface skin temperature of water features. We present case studies from a range of lentic to lotic aquatic systems to identify capabilities and limitations of both technologies and highlight situations in which one or the other might be a better instrument choice for locating groundwater discharge. FO-DTS performs well in all systems across seasons, but data collection was limited spatially by practical considerations of cable installation. TIR is found to consistently locate groundwater seepage zones above and along the streambank, but submerged seepage zones are only well identified in shallow systems (e.g. <0.5 m depth) with moderate flow. Winter data collection, when groundwater is relatively warm and buoyant, increases the water surface expression of discharge zones in shallow systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.059","usgsCitation":"Hare, D.K., Briggs, M., Rosenberry, D., Boutt, D., and Lane, J., 2015, A comparison of thermal infrared to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing for evaluation of groundwater discharge to surface water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 530, p. 153-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.059.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-068976","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.059","text":"Publisher Index 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K","contributorId":257636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hare","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":257637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":257638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boutt, Dave","contributorId":257639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boutt","given":"Dave","affiliations":[{"id":52076,"text":"University  of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70164522,"text":"70164522 - 2015 - Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:27:41","indexId":"70164522","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions","docAbstract":"<p>Observations of elemental mercury (Hg<sup>0</sup>) at sites in North America and Europe show large decreases (&sim;1&ndash;2% y<sup>&minus;1</sup>) from 1990 to present. Observations in background northern hemisphere air, including Mauna Loa Observatory (Hawaii) and CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) aircraft flights, show weaker decreases (&lt;1% y<sup>&minus;1</sup>). These decreases are inconsistent with current global emission inventories indicating flat or increasing emissions over that period. However, the inventories have three major flaws: (<i>i</i>) they do not account for the decline in atmospheric release of Hg from commercial products; (<i>ii</i>) they are biased in their estimate of artisanal and small-scale gold mining emissions; and (<i>iii</i>) they do not properly account for the change in Hg<sup>0</sup>/Hg<sup>II</sup>&nbsp;speciation of emissions from coal-fired utilities after implementation of emission controls targeted at SO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;and NO<sub>x</sub>. We construct an improved global emission inventory for the period 1990 to 2010 accounting for the above factors and find a 20% decrease in total Hg emissions and a 30% decrease in anthropogenic Hg<sup>0</sup>&nbsp;emissions, with much larger decreases in North America and Europe offsetting the effect of increasing emissions in Asia. Implementation of our inventory in a global 3D atmospheric Hg simulation [GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry)] coupled to land and ocean reservoirs reproduces the observed large-scale trends in atmospheric Hg<sup>0</sup>&nbsp;concentrations and in Hg<sup>II</sup>&nbsp;wet deposition. The large trends observed in North America and Europe reflect the phase-out of Hg from commercial products as well as the cobenefit from SO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;and NO<sub>x</sub>&nbsp;emission controls on coal-fired utilities.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Academy","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1516312113","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Jacob, D.J., Horowitz, H.M., Chen, L., Amos, H.M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Slemr, F., St. Louis, V.L., and Elsie M. Sunderland, 2015, Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 133, no. 3, p. 526-531, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516312113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"531","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070993","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516312113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":316735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bb1bc8e4b08d617f654e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Yanxu","contributorId":156387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yanxu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacob, Daniel J.","contributorId":156388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacob","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horowitz, Hannah M.","contributorId":156389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Long","contributorId":156390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Long","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amos, Helen M.","contributorId":156391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amos","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Slemr, Franz","contributorId":156392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slemr","given":"Franz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12534,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"St. Louis, Vincent L.","contributorId":156393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Louis","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Elsie M. 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