{"pageNumber":"4761","pageRowStart":"119000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165605,"records":[{"id":70006379,"text":"70006379 - 1982 - High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution and quantification of a dilacton antibiotic mixture (antimycin A)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:10:21.673218","indexId":"70006379","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:48:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2213,"text":"Journal of Chromatography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution and quantification of a dilacton antibiotic mixture (antimycin A)","docAbstract":"<p><span>High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) conditions are presented for the separation and quantitative determination of a homologous antibiotic complex (antimycin A). Combined HPLC and chemical ionization mass spectrometry proved to be exceptionally useful for the structural identification of chromatographic components. Using electrochemical, fluorescence, and ultraviolet detectors, the minimum detectable amounts of the antibiotics were found to be in the ranges 0.10–1.12, 0.31–1.69, and 4.10–28.2 ng, respectively. Advantages of the preparation of Dns derivatives for use in fluorescence detection are discussed. Application of the HPLC technique to the analysis of the antibiotic mixture in organic tissues is demonstrated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81792-6","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., 1982, High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution and quantification of a dilacton antibiotic mixture (antimycin A): Journal of Chromatography, v. 234, p. 187-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81792-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"234","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30ede4b0c8380cd5da8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006373,"text":"70006373 - 1982 - Determination of isomeric olefinic groups in unsaturated terpene aminoethanols by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70006373","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:46:07","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of isomeric olefinic groups in unsaturated terpene aminoethanols by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/ac00240a036","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., 1982, Determination of isomeric olefinic groups in unsaturated terpene aminoethanols by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 54, no. 3, p. 510-516, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00240a036.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00240a036","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffafe4b0c8380cd4f322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000676,"text":"70000676 - 1982 - Puzzling mass movement features in the Navarinsky Canyon head, Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000676","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Puzzling mass movement features in the Navarinsky Canyon head, Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Two types of morphologic features in the head of Navarinsky Canyon are attributed to mass movement of near-surface sediment. A series of pull-aparts is located downslope of large sand waves. These pull-aparts, possibly induced by liquefaction, affect the upper 5 to 10 m of sandy sediment (water depths 350 to 600 m) on a 1o slope. A hummocky elongate mound of muddy sand (water depths 550 to 800 m) contains chaotic internal reflectors to a subbottom depth of 30 to 40 m and possibly is the product of a shallow slide. We speculate that Holocene seismicity is the likely triggering mechanism. ?? 1982 A. M. Dowden, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462752","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P., Karl, H.A., and Edwards, B.D., 1982, Puzzling mass movement features in the Navarinsky Canyon head, Bering Sea: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 2, no. 3-4, p. 123-127, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462752.","startPage":"123","endPage":"127","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462752"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000678,"text":"70000678 - 1982 - Sonographs of submarine sediment failure caused by the 1980 earthquake off northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000678","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sonographs of submarine sediment failure caused by the 1980 earthquake off northern California","docAbstract":"In 1980, a large earthquake caused extensive sediment failure on the shallow continental shelf off the Klamath River in northern California. Side-scan sonography was used to complement detailed geophysical profiling in identifying specific features and resolving modes of failure. The features include a nearly flat failure terrace mantled with sand boils, collapse craters and sediment flows, and bounded on the seaward side by a meandering continuous toe ridge. Seaward of the terrace lies a compression zone delineated by small pressure ridges. Our findings indicate a temporal progression of failure from lique-faction of shallow subsurface sand to lateral spread of intact blocks to sediment collapse and flow. ?? 1982 A. M. Dowden, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462754","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Field, M., and Hall, R.K., 1982, Sonographs of submarine sediment failure caused by the 1980 earthquake off northern California: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 2, no. 3-4, p. 135-141, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462754.","startPage":"135","endPage":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462754"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e77db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, R. K.","contributorId":11233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000681,"text":"70000681 - 1982 - Anion-exchange separation of Pt and Pd using perchloric and hydrochloric acid solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000681","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2438,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anion-exchange separation of Pt and Pd using perchloric and hydrochloric acid solutions","docAbstract":"On Biorad Ag-1X8 anion-exchange resin (200-400 mesh), Pd and Pt may be separated from one another by elution with 0.2M HClO4, and 5M HClO4, respectively. If present, Au may be retained by making the elutriants 0.003M in HCl. Alternatively, reduction by H2SO3 enables elution of Pt2+ with 6M HCl before recovery of Pd2+ with 0.2M HClO4??Ir4+ is reduced to Ir3+ by H2SO3 and may be eluted ahead of Pt2+ by 2M HCl. ?? 1982 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02520354","issn":"01340719","usgsCitation":"Petrie, R., and Morgan, J.W., 1982, Anion-exchange separation of Pt and Pd using perchloric and hydrochloric acid solutions: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 1-2, p. 15-23, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02520354.","startPage":"15","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02520354"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrie, R.K.","contributorId":87266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000680,"text":"70000680 - 1982 - Chemical characterization of gas- and oil-bearing shales by instrumental neutron activation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000680","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2438,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical characterization of gas- and oil-bearing shales by instrumental neutron activation analysis","docAbstract":"The concentration of As, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, K, La, Lu, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zn were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis in block shale samples of the New Albany Group (Devonian-Mississippian) in the in the Illinois Basin. Uranium content of the samples was as high as 75 ppm and interfered in the determination of samarium, molybdenum, barium and cerium. In the determination of selenium a correction was made for interference from tantalum. U, As, Co, Mo, Ni and Sb as well as Cu, V and pyritic sulphur which were determined by other methods, were found to correlate positively with the organic carbon content of the samples. ?? 1982 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02516150","issn":"01340719","usgsCitation":"Frost, J., Koszykowski, R., and Klemm, R., 1982, Chemical characterization of gas- and oil-bearing shales by instrumental neutron activation analysis: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, v. 71, no. 1-2, p. 199-214, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02516150.","startPage":"199","endPage":"214","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18999,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02516150"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e42d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frost, J.K.","contributorId":45436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koszykowski, R.F.","contributorId":37043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koszykowski","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemm, R.C.","contributorId":99266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000684,"text":"70000684 - 1982 - Erosional channels on the shoreface of Nauset Beach, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:04:30","indexId":"70000684","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosional channels on the shoreface of Nauset Beach, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>Many channels (1 to 3 m relief)_are located offshore of Nauset Beach, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in water 4 to 18 m deep. The channels are oblique to the shoreline, are spaced approximately 260 m apart, and deepen seaward. The southern flank of each channel is rippled whereas the northern flank and interchannel areas are smooth. The origin of the channels is unknown. They probably formed by erosion of the shoreface, perhaps by rip-current circulation during storm conditions or by rip-current circulation under quiet conditions. The channels may control current flow and thereby maintain themselves even though formative conditions may no longer exist.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462801","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Needell, S., Dillon, W.P., and Knebel, H., 1982, Erosional channels on the shoreface of Nauset Beach, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 2, no. 1-2, p. 61-64, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462801.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod, Nauset Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.9803352355957,\n              41.848465326263494\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.98085021972656,\n              41.77950486590359\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.87939834594727,\n              41.77937685541929\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8814582824707,\n              41.848465326263494\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9803352355957,\n              41.848465326263494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Needell, S. W.","contributorId":36938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needell","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":346479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000682,"text":"70000682 - 1982 - Channel systems and lobe construction in the Mississippi Fan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000682","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel systems and lobe construction in the Mississippi Fan","docAbstract":"Morphological features on the Mississippi Fan in the eastern Gulf of Mexico were mapped using GLORIA II, a long-range side-scan sonar system. Prominent is a sinuous channel flanked by well-developed levees and occasional crevasse splays. The channel follows the axis and thickest part of the youngest fan lobe; seismic-reflection profiles offer evidence that its course has remained essentially constant throughout lobe development. Local modification and possible erosion of levees by currents indicates a present state of inactivity. Superficial sliding has affected part of the fan lobe, but does not appear to have been a factor in lobe construction. ?? 1982 A. M. Dowden, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02462797","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Garrison, L.E., Kenyon, N.H., and Bouma, A., 1982, Channel systems and lobe construction in the Mississippi Fan: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 2, no. 1-2, p. 31-39, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02462797.","startPage":"31","endPage":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462797"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e607b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, L. E.","contributorId":66676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouma, A.H.","contributorId":107281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouma","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221735,"text":"5221735 - 1982 - Distribution and status of Vicia menziesii Spreng. (Leguminosae): Hawai'i's first officially listed endangered plant species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T17:58:14.286759","indexId":"5221735","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:29","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distribution and status of <i>Vicia menziesii</i> Spreng. (Leguminosae): Hawai'i's first officially listed endangered plant species","title":"Distribution and status of Vicia menziesii Spreng. (Leguminosae): Hawai'i's first officially listed endangered plant species","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para.0010\"><i>Vicia menziesii</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Spreng., Hawai'i's first officially listed endangered plant species, formerly occurred across a large area in the upper montane-mesic forest habitat on the windward side of the island of Hawai'i. Until this species was ‘rediscovered’ in 1974, it had last been seen in 1915, and it was presumed to be extinct. The population is presently thought to number 150–300 plants, most of which are seedlings. These are located within a 200 ha area on the eastern flank of Mauna Loa volcano.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0015\">The primary factors responsible for the decline of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V. menziesii</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are habitat loss and excessive predation on the plants by introduced ungulates. Continued logging and cattle grazing within its remnant range are major threats to its existence. Enhancing the survival of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V. menziesii</i><span>&nbsp;</span>may best be accomplished by stabilizing its remaining habitat and allowing the population to reestablish itself naturally.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(82)90034-9","usgsCitation":"Warshauer, F.R., and Jacobi, J., 1982, Distribution and status of Vicia menziesii Spreng. (Leguminosae): Hawai'i's first officially listed endangered plant species: Biological Conservation, v. 23, no. 2, p. 111-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(82)90034-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hawai'i, Mauna Loa Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.6622740700458,\n              19.363812612335536\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.51105380670714,\n              19.235551369951082\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.45509564758615,\n              19.244356822861917\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.38581411724607,\n              19.350613895081167\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3178649240277,\n              19.438585143126204\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3585012062466,\n              19.472504188046685\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3798186001973,\n              19.501392590816337\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.47774537865888,\n              19.54283215872283\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.57100897719386,\n              19.504532323951167\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.60498357380297,\n              19.481924885668775\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.62896564199755,\n              19.397747263253564\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.6622740700458,\n              19.363812612335536\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64959a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warshauer, F. R.","contributorId":39873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warshauer","given":"F.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobi, J.D.","contributorId":13570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221734,"text":"5221734 - 1982 - Nesting ecology of roseate spoonbills at Nueces Bay, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:13:27","indexId":"5221734","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:29","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology of roseate spoonbills at Nueces Bay, Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;We conducted a study in 1978-1980 of the nesting ecology of Roseate Spoonbills (Ajaia ajaja) in a relatively polluted environment at Nueces Bay, Texas.  For 154 marked nests, the average clutch size was 3.0 eggs; 73% of the eggs hatched, and 87% of the nests were successful (hatched at least 1 young).  The average nest success rate (total fledglings:total eggs) was 50% or 1.5 fledglings per total nests.  Incubation began the day after the first egg was laid, and the incubation period for each egg was 22 days.  Eggs hatched in the order that they were laid; the first and second eggs hatched on consecutive days, and the second, third, and fourth eggs hatched every other day.  Nest composition and size were highly consistent, but nest placement varied considerably and was dependent on the vegetative configuration of the dredge-material islands.  Growth rate of nestlings conformed to a 'standard' growth curve, where body weight of nestlings at fledging equaled that of adults.  There was no difference in weight gain among siblings based on actual age.  Nestlings fledged at about 6 weeks of age, when feather development was complete.  At fledging, the bills of juveniles had almost reached adult width, but bill length was only 67% that of adults.  In general, environmental pollutants were low (<2 ppm) in spoonbill eggs, though a few eggs contained elevated concentrations of DDE (up to 15 ppm, wet weight).  Some eggshells were 5% thinner than those in museum collections, but the degree of thinning was not within the range known to cause population declines.  We conclude that organochlorine pollutants are not adversely affecting spoonbill reproduction at Nueces Bay, Texas, though the area is surrounded by industries and agricultural lands.  Apparently, spoonbills are less sensitive to these contaminants than are other aquatic species&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:8403202,&quot;4&quot;:[null,2,16777215],&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;14&quot;:[null,2,0],&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Inconsolata, monospace, arial, sans, sans-serif&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:11,&quot;26&quot;:400}\" data-sheets-formula=\"=VLOOKUP(R[0]C[-5],Fixed!R2C[-6]:C[-4],3,false)\">We conducted a study in 1978-1980 of the nesting ecology of Roseate Spoonbills (Ajaia ajaja) in a relatively polluted environment at Nueces Bay, Texas. For 154 marked nests, the average clutch size was 3.0 eggs; 73% of the eggs hatched, and 87% of the nests were successful (hatched at least 1 young). The average nest success rate (total fledglings:total eggs) was 50% or 1.5 fledglings per total nests. Incubation began the day after the first egg was laid, and the incubation period for each egg was 22 days. Eggs hatched in the order that they were laid; the first and second eggs hatched on consecutive days, and the second, third, and fourth eggs hatched every other day. Nest composition and size were highly consistent, but nest placement varied considerably and was dependent on the vegetative configuration of the dredge-material islands. Growth rate of nestlings conformed to a 'standard' growth curve, where body weight of nestlings at fledging equaled that of adults. There was no difference in weight gain among siblings based on actual age. Nestlings fledged at about 6 weeks of age, when feather development was complete. At fledging, the bills of juveniles had almost reached adult width, but bill length was only 67% that of adults. In general, environmental pollutants were low (&lt;2 ppm) in spoonbill eggs, though a few eggs contained elevated concentrations of DDE (up to 15 ppm, wet weight). Some eggshells were 5% thinner than those in museum collections, but the degree of thinning was not within the range known to cause population declines. We conclude that organochlorine pollutants are not adversely affecting spoonbill reproduction at Nueces Bay, Texas, though the area is surrounded by industries and agricultural lands. Apparently, spoonbills are less sensitive to these contaminants than are other aquatic species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Mitchell, C.A., and Cromartie, E., 1982, Nesting ecology of roseate spoonbills at Nueces Bay, Texas: The Auk, v. 99, no. 2, p. 275-284.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18419,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085974"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68618a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":21728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":334557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Christine A.","contributorId":35849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cromartie, E.","contributorId":13926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromartie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221737,"text":"5221737 - 1982 - Diazinon residues in insects from sprayed tobacco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T16:24:02.320548","indexId":"5221737","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:29","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1225,"text":"Chemistry in Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diazinon residues in insects from sprayed tobacco","docAbstract":"Pooled samples of tobacco hornworms collected from a field sprayed with 0.84 kg/ha of diazinon were analyzed for residues at various intervals after application.  No residues of the toxic metabolite diazoxon were detected (sensitivity 0.5 ppm) in any sample.  Only one sample exceeded 1.0 ppm of the parent compound and was collected 4 hours after spraying.  Residues declined over time (P<0.01) and none were detected (sensitivity 0.1 ppm) 18 days after spraying.  the potential hazard to birds eating these insects appeared to be minimal.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02757548208070791","usgsCitation":"Stromborg, K., Beyer, W., and Kolbe, E., 1982, Diazinon residues in insects from sprayed tobacco: Chemistry in Ecology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 93-97, https://doi.org/10.1080/02757548208070791.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","city":"Upper Marlboro","otherGeospatial":"University of Maryland Tobacco Experimental Farm","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.761474609375,\n              38.80440003947544\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.72473907470703,\n              38.80440003947544\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.72473907470703,\n              38.82981255949193\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.761474609375,\n              38.82981255949193\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.761474609375,\n              38.80440003947544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6679aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolbe, E.","contributorId":75655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolbe","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221729,"text":"5221729 - 1982 - Optimal stochastic control in natural resource management: Framework and examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:39","indexId":"5221729","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:29","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal stochastic control in natural resource management: Framework and examples","docAbstract":"A framework is presented for the application of optimal control methods to natural resource problems.  An expression of the optimal control problem appropriate for renewable natural resources is given and its application to Markovian systems is presented in some detail.  Three general approaches are outlined for determining optimal control of infinite time horizon systems and three examples from the natural resource literature are used for illustration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(82)90012-6","collaboration":"2798_Williams.pdf","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 1982, Optimal stochastic control in natural resource management: Framework and examples: Ecological Modelling, v. 16, no. 2-4, p. 275-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(82)90012-6.","productDescription":"275-297","startPage":"275","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18421,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(82)90012-6","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"16","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db6913a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221739,"text":"5221739 - 1982 - Small mammal-heavy metal concentrations from mined and control sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5221739","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small mammal-heavy metal concentrations from mined and control sites","docAbstract":"Total body concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury and arsenic were determined for Peromyscus maniculatus and Microtus pennsylvanicus from an active zinc-copper mine near Timmins, Ontario, Canada, and a proposed zinc-copper mine near Crandon, Wisconsin, USA.  Metal concentrations were evaluated with respect to area, species, sex and age groups.  Metal concentrations in Peromyscus from the proposed mine site were not different from those collected in a third area where no mine or deposit exists.  This is probably due to the 30 m of glacial material over the proposed mine site deposit.  A statistical interaction between area, species, sex and age was observed for zinc and copper concentrations in small mammals we examined.  Peromyscus from the mine site had consistently higher metal concentrations than Peromyscus from the control site.  Greater total body cadmium and lead concentrations in adult?compared with juvenile?Peromyscus collected at the mine site suggests age-dependent accumulation of these toxic metals.  Microtus did not exhibit this age-related response, and responded to other environmental metals more erratically and to a lesser degree.  Differences in the response of these two species to environmental metal exposure may be due to differences in food habits.  Nickel, mercury and arsenic concentrations in small mammals from the mine site were not different from controls.  Heavy metal concentrations are also presented for Sorex cinereus, Blarina brevicauda and Zapus hudsonicus without respect to age and sex cohorts. Peromyscus may be a potentially important species for the monitoring of heavy metal pollution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(82)90098-8","collaboration":"2781_Smith.pdf","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.J., and Rongstad, O., 1982, Small mammal-heavy metal concentrations from mined and control sites: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 28, no. 2, p. 121-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(82)90098-8.","productDescription":"121-134","startPage":"121","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18415,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(82)90098-8","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ae4b07f02db4e75a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rongstad, O.J.","contributorId":39475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rongstad","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221746,"text":"5221746 - 1982 - Breeding habitat selection and home range of radio-marked black ducks (Anas rubripes) in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T13:23:03.022763","indexId":"5221746","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding habitat selection and home range of radio-marked black ducks (Anas rubripes) in Maine","docAbstract":"<div>Telemetry techniques were used to monitor the movements and habitat use of 13 female and 7 male black ducks (<i>Anas rubripes</i>) in an inland breeding region of south central Maine in 1977–1980. Black ducks preferred persistent emergent, broad-leaved deciduous forested, and broad-leaved deciduous scrub–shrub wetlands over unconsolidated organic bottom, needle-leaved evergreen forested, and broad-leaved evergreen scrub–shrub ponds. Birds also made frequent use of small ephemeral pools and streams throughout the breeding period. Nests were located in several habitats ranging from wetland sites to upland areas 1.5 km from the most frequently used pond. Home range size averaged 119 ha for females and 231 ha for males and did not differ by reproductive stage. Three pairs used only a single pond during the incubation period. Home ranges were linear (linearity index = 2.8), averaging 1956 m long for females and 2755 m for males. Wetlands used most by hens during incubation recesses were not always those located closest to the nest. Radio-marked ducks that returned in subsequent breeding seasons demonstrated fidelity to the previously used home range. Pair bonds of marked birds lasted until day 19 or 20 of incubation for initial nesting attempts.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z82-032","usgsCitation":"Ringelman, J., Longcore, J.R., and Owen, R., 1982, Breeding habitat selection and home range of radio-marked black ducks (Anas rubripes) in Maine: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 60, no. 2, p. 241-248, https://doi.org/10.1139/z82-032.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.152589,43.746794],[-70.158456,43.751616],[-70.147646,43.758585],[-70.145911,43.772119],[-70.128271,43.774009],[-70.14089,43.753204],[-70.152589,43.746794]]],[[[-70.135957,43.753219],[-70.129721,43.76408],[-70.117688,43.765693],[-70.135957,43.753219]]],[[[-70.171245,43.663498],[-70.205934,43.633633],[-70.211062,43.641842],[-70.200116,43.662978],[-70.188047,43.673762],[-70.171245,43.663498]]],[[[-70.186213,43.682655],[-70.210825,43.661695],[-70.213948,43.666161],[-70.201893,43.685483],[-70.191041,43.689071],[-70.186213,43.682655]]],[[[-70.163884,43.692404],[-70.146115,43.701635],[-70.135563,43.700658],[-70.154503,43.680933],[-70.168227,43.675136],[-70.173571,43.683734],[-70.163884,43.692404]]],[[[-70.087621,43.699913],[-70.093704,43.6918],[-70.099594,43.695366],[-70.115908,43.682978],[-70.118174,43.686375],[-70.093113,43.710524],[-70.097184,43.700929],[-70.087621,43.699913]]],[[[-70.119671,43.748621],[-70.097318,43.757292],[-70.094986,43.753211],[-70.107812,43.734555],[-70.108978,43.722312],[-70.129383,43.70832],[-70.138128,43.718231],[-70.138711,43.727559],[-70.119671,43.748621]]],[[[-68.499465,44.12419],[-68.491521,44.109833],[-68.502942,44.099722],[-68.51706,44.10341],[-68.518703,44.113222],[-68.511266,44.125082],[-68.499465,44.12419]]],[[[-68.358388,44.125082],[-68.346724,44.127749],[-68.331032,44.10758],[-68.338012,44.101473],[-68.365176,44.101464],[-68.375382,44.11646],[-68.358388,44.125082]]],[[[-68.453236,44.189998],[-68.416434,44.187047],[-68.384903,44.154955],[-68.396634,44.14069],[-68.438518,44.11618],[-68.448646,44.125581],[-68.447505,44.133493],[-68.456813,44.145268],[-68.496639,44.146855],[-68.502096,44.152388],[-68.500817,44.160026],[-68.474365,44.181875],[-68.453236,44.189998]]],[[[-68.680773,44.279242],[-68.623554,44.255622],[-68.605906,44.230772],[-68.612749,44.207722],[-68.624994,44.197637],[-68.618872,44.18107],[-68.643002,44.15766],[-68.670014,44.151537],[-68.675056,44.137131],[-68.681899,44.138212],[-68.692343,44.153698],[-68.713232,44.160541],[-68.720435,44.169185],[-68.714313,44.20376],[-68.722956,44.219607],[-68.718635,44.228611],[-68.700627,44.234013],[-68.680458,44.262105],[-68.680773,44.279242]]],[[[-68.355279,44.199096],[-68.333227,44.207308],[-68.314789,44.197157],[-68.321178,44.199032],[-68.332639,44.192131],[-68.339029,44.171839],[-68.347416,44.169459],[-68.378872,44.184222],[-68.364469,44.197534],[-68.355279,44.199096]]],[[[-68.472831,44.219767],[-68.453843,44.201683],[-68.459182,44.197681],[-68.48452,44.202886],[-68.482726,44.227058],[-68.470323,44.22832],[-68.472831,44.219767]]],[[[-68.792139,44.237819],[-68.769833,44.222787],[-68.769047,44.213351],[-68.780055,44.203129],[-68.829593,44.21689],[-68.839422,44.236547],[-68.827627,44.242838],[-68.792139,44.237819]]],[[[-68.23638,44.266254],[-68.214641,44.263156],[-68.211329,44.257074],[-68.24031,44.251622],[-68.240806,44.239723],[-68.248913,44.235443],[-68.274427,44.237099],[-68.274719,44.258675],[-68.246598,44.257836],[-68.23638,44.266254]]],[[[-68.498637,44.369686],[-68.478785,44.319563],[-68.489641,44.313705],[-68.530394,44.333583],[-68.518573,44.381022],[-68.501364,44.382281],[-68.498637,44.369686]]],[[[-68.618212,44.012367],[-68.635315,44.018886],[-68.657031,44.003823],[-68.659874,44.022758],[-68.650767,44.039908],[-68.661594,44.075837],[-68.627893,44.088128],[-68.6181,44.096706],[-68.609722,44.094674],[-68.584074,44.070578],[-68.590792,44.058662],[-68.601099,44.058362],[-68.610703,44.013422],[-68.618212,44.012367]]],[[[-68.785601,44.053503],[-68.818441,44.032046],[-68.874139,44.025359],[-68.889717,44.032516],[-68.899997,44.06696],[-68.913406,44.08519],[-68.908984,44.110001],[-68.944597,44.11284],[-68.917286,44.148239],[-68.847249,44.183017],[-68.825067,44.186338],[-68.819156,44.180462],[-68.82284,44.173693],[-68.818423,44.160978],[-68.782375,44.14531],[-68.792065,44.136759],[-68.818039,44.136852],[-68.820515,44.130198],[-68.815562,44.115836],[-68.806832,44.116339],[-68.790525,44.09292],[-68.772639,44.078439],[-68.77029,44.069566],[-68.785601,44.053503]]],[[[-67.619761,44.519754],[-67.582113,44.513459],[-67.590627,44.49415],[-67.562651,44.472104],[-67.571774,44.453403],[-67.588346,44.449754],[-67.604919,44.502056],[-67.619211,44.506009],[-67.619761,44.519754]]],[[[-68.942826,44.281073],[-68.919301,44.309872],[-68.919325,44.335392],[-68.90353,44.378613],[-68.87894,44.386584],[-68.868444,44.38144],[-68.860649,44.364425],[-68.87169,44.344662],[-68.89285,44.334653],[-68.896587,44.321986],[-68.88746,44.303094],[-68.904255,44.279889],[-68.916872,44.242866],[-68.95189,44.218719],[-68.94709,44.226792],[-68.955332,44.243873],[-68.965896,44.249754],[-68.965264,44.259332],[-68.942826,44.281073]]],[[[-70.353392,43.535405],[-70.379123,43.507202],[-70.385615,43.487031],[-70.380233,43.46423],[-70.349684,43.442032],[-70.370514,43.434133],[-70.384949,43.418839],[-70.39089,43.402607],[-70.421282,43.395777],[-70.427672,43.389254],[-70.424986,43.375928],[-70.460717,43.34325],[-70.517695,43.344037],[-70.553854,43.321886],[-70.593907,43.249295],[-70.576692,43.217651],[-70.618973,43.163625],[-70.638355,43.114182],[-70.655322,43.098008],[-70.665958,43.076234],[-70.703818,43.059825],[-70.708896,43.074989],[-70.737897,43.073488],[-70.756397,43.079988],[-70.766398,43.092688],[-70.779098,43.095887],[-70.8268,43.127086],[-70.8338,43.146886],[-70.823501,43.174585],[-70.828301,43.186685],[-70.819146,43.195157],[-70.811852,43.228306],[-70.817773,43.237408],[-70.837274,43.242321],[-70.843302,43.254321],[-70.858207,43.256286],[-70.861384,43.263143],[-70.881704,43.272483],[-70.886504,43.282783],[-70.906005,43.291682],[-70.900386,43.301358],[-70.91246,43.308289],[-70.912004,43.319821],[-70.93711,43.337367],[-70.956528,43.334691],[-70.967229,43.343777],[-70.985965,43.380023],[-70.98739,43.393457],[-70.982565,43.39778],[-70.987249,43.411863],[-70.96115,43.438321],[-70.9669,43.450458],[-70.961428,43.469696],[-70.974245,43.47742],[-70.967968,43.480783],[-70.954755,43.509802],[-70.954066,43.52261],[-70.963281,43.538929],[-70.950838,43.551026],[-70.972716,43.570255],[-70.989037,43.792154],[-71.031039,44.655455],[-71.084334,45.305293],[-71.059265,45.313753],[-71.030565,45.312652],[-71.00905,45.319022],[-71.002563,45.327819],[-71.011144,45.334679],[-71.01081,45.34725],[-70.985595,45.332188],[-70.950824,45.33453],[-70.939188,45.320177],[-70.917904,45.311924],[-70.912111,45.296197],[-70.9217,45.279445],[-70.898565,45.258502],[-70.898482,45.244088],[-70.885029,45.234873],[-70.857042,45.22916],[-70.83877,45.237555],[-70.848319,45.244707],[-70.848554,45.263325],[-70.839042,45.269132],[-70.829661,45.290369],[-70.812338,45.302006],[-70.808613,45.311606],[-70.808322,45.325824],[-70.816585,45.330554],[-70.819828,45.340109],[-70.81445,45.356544],[-70.803848,45.364247],[-70.806244,45.376558],[-70.826033,45.398408],[-70.795009,45.428145],[-70.755567,45.428361],[-70.744077,45.421091],[-70.743775,45.411925],[-70.729972,45.399359],[-70.712286,45.390611],[-70.677995,45.394362],[-70.66116,45.386039],[-70.660775,45.378176],[-70.651175,45.377123],[-70.634661,45.383608],[-70.631354,45.41634],[-70.635498,45.427817],[-70.649739,45.442771],[-70.674903,45.452399],[-70.691762,45.471233],[-70.717047,45.487732],[-70.721611,45.515058],[-70.687605,45.549099],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.659286,45.58688],[-70.644687,45.607083],[-70.592252,45.629865],[-70.5584,45.666671],[-70.525831,45.666551],[-70.469869,45.701639],[-70.438878,45.704387],[-70.400404,45.719834],[-70.383552,45.734869],[-70.388501,45.749717],[-70.406548,45.761813],[-70.417641,45.79377],[-70.395907,45.798885],[-70.39662,45.808486],[-70.387916,45.819043],[-70.34244,45.852192],[-70.306162,45.85974],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.253897,45.906524],[-70.263313,45.923832],[-70.240177,45.943729],[-70.26541,45.962692],[-70.31628,45.963113],[-70.307463,45.982541],[-70.284571,45.995384],[-70.303034,45.998976],[-70.317629,46.01908],[-70.278334,46.057019],[-70.284176,46.062758],[-70.310609,46.064544],[-70.284554,46.098713],[-70.254021,46.0996],[-70.255038,46.108348],[-70.237947,46.147378],[-70.278034,46.175001],[-70.292736,46.191599],[-70.272054,46.209833],[-70.248421,46.267072],[-70.232682,46.284428],[-70.205719,46.299865],[-70.203119,46.31438],[-70.208733,46.328961],[-70.191412,46.348072],[-70.174709,46.358472],[-70.148529,46.358923],[-70.129734,46.369384],[-70.125459,46.381352],[-70.11044,46.38611],[-70.096286,46.40943],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.203886,47.452203],[-69.178412,47.456615],[-69.146439,47.44886],[-69.082508,47.423976],[-69.061192,47.433052],[-69.043947,47.427634],[-69.036882,47.407977],[-69.045403,47.39191],[-69.039818,47.386309],[-69.053885,47.377878],[-69.054628,47.315911],[-69.049118,47.306471],[-69.052748,47.294403],[-69.047076,47.267089],[-69.050334,47.256621],[-69.033456,47.240984],[-68.966433,47.212712],[-68.96113,47.205582],[-68.942484,47.206386],[-68.920253,47.195048],[-68.919752,47.189859],[-68.902425,47.178839],[-68.857519,47.19095],[-68.812157,47.215461],[-68.764487,47.222331],[-68.717867,47.240919],[-68.705314,47.238066],[-68.687662,47.244215],[-68.664071,47.236762],[-68.619749,47.243218],[-68.595427,47.257698],[-68.59688,47.271731],[-68.578551,47.287551],[-68.553896,47.28225],[-68.517982,47.296092],[-68.474851,47.297534],[-68.448844,47.282547],[-68.378678,47.287561],[-68.376319,47.294257],[-68.384706,47.305094],[-68.380334,47.340242],[-68.355171,47.35707],[-68.329879,47.36023],[-68.303778,47.355524],[-68.284101,47.360389],[-68.265138,47.352543],[-68.234604,47.355035],[-68.214551,47.339637],[-68.15515,47.32542],[-68.152302,47.309878],[-68.137059,47.296068],[-68.082896,47.271921],[-68.074061,47.259764],[-68.019724,47.238036],[-67.991871,47.212042],[-67.955669,47.199542],[-67.935868,47.164843],[-67.893266,47.129943],[-67.881302,47.103913],[-67.790515,47.067921],[-67.781095,45.943032],[-67.777626,45.934207],[-67.750422,45.917898],[-67.763725,45.91043],[-67.767827,45.898568],[-67.803318,45.883718],[-67.803678,45.869379],[-67.796514,45.859961],[-67.755068,45.82367],[-67.780507,45.817622],[-67.801989,45.803546],[-67.806598,45.794723],[-67.806308,45.755405],[-67.793083,45.750559],[-67.781892,45.731189],[-67.809833,45.729274],[-67.803148,45.696127],[-67.817892,45.693705],[-67.803313,45.677886],[-67.768648,45.677581],[-67.754245,45.667791],[-67.720401,45.662522],[-67.71799,45.665243],[-67.73372,45.684233],[-67.734605,45.688987],[-67.729908,45.689012],[-67.710464,45.679372],[-67.675417,45.630959],[-67.64581,45.613597],[-67.640238,45.616178],[-67.644206,45.62322],[-67.639741,45.624771],[-67.606172,45.606533],[-67.499444,45.587014],[-67.488452,45.594643],[-67.491061,45.598917],[-67.455406,45.604665],[-67.429716,45.583773],[-67.420976,45.550029],[-67.425399,45.540795],[-67.432236,45.541023],[-67.435275,45.530781],[-67.432207,45.519996],[-67.416416,45.503515],[-67.462882,45.508691],[-67.470732,45.500067],[-67.503088,45.489688],[-67.499767,45.47805],[-67.482353,45.460825],[-67.484328,45.451955],[-67.473366,45.425328],[-67.430001,45.392965],[-67.418747,45.37726],[-67.434281,45.365438],[-67.427797,45.355471],[-67.434996,45.340133],[-67.456288,45.32644],[-67.452267,45.316839],[-67.460554,45.300379],[-67.466091,45.29416],[-67.485683,45.291433],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.46357,45.244097],[-67.453473,45.241127],[-67.43998,45.227047],[-67.428889,45.193213],[-67.407139,45.179425],[-67.404629,45.159926],[-67.383635,45.152259],[-67.345585,45.126392],[-67.294881,45.149666],[-67.302568,45.161348],[-67.291417,45.17145],[-67.290603,45.187589],[-67.283619,45.192022],[-67.246697,45.180765],[-67.242293,45.17224],[-67.227324,45.163652],[-67.203933,45.171407],[-67.157919,45.161004],[-67.112414,45.112323],[-67.090786,45.068721],[-67.105899,45.065786],[-67.117688,45.05673],[-67.082074,45.029608],[-67.068274,45.001014],[-67.05461,44.986764],[-67.033474,44.939923],[-66.984466,44.912557],[-66.990351,44.882551],[-66.978142,44.856963],[-66.996523,44.844654],[-66.986318,44.820657],[-66.975009,44.815495],[-66.952112,44.82007],[-66.950569,44.814539],[-66.961068,44.807269],[-66.979708,44.80736],[-67.02615,44.768199],[-67.04335,44.765071],[-67.05516,44.771442],[-67.062239,44.769543],[-67.073439,44.741957],[-67.098931,44.741311],[-67.103957,44.717444],[-67.128792,44.695421],[-67.139209,44.693849],[-67.155119,44.66944],[-67.169857,44.662105],[-67.186612,44.66265],[-67.192068,44.655515],[-67.189427,44.645533],[-67.234275,44.637201],[-67.251247,44.640825],[-67.274122,44.626345],[-67.27706,44.61795],[-67.273076,44.610873],[-67.293403,44.599265],[-67.314938,44.598215],[-67.32297,44.609394],[-67.310745,44.613212],[-67.293665,44.634316],[-67.292462,44.648455],[-67.309627,44.659316],[-67.307909,44.691295],[-67.300144,44.696752],[-67.299176,44.705705],[-67.308538,44.707454],[-67.355966,44.69906],[-67.376742,44.681852],[-67.381149,44.66947],[-67.367298,44.652472],[-67.363158,44.631825],[-67.377554,44.619757],[-67.386605,44.626974],[-67.405492,44.594236],[-67.428367,44.609136],[-67.457747,44.598014],[-67.492373,44.61795],[-67.493632,44.628863],[-67.505804,44.636837],[-67.522802,44.63306],[-67.530777,44.621938],[-67.543368,44.626554],[-67.551133,44.621938],[-67.575056,44.560659],[-67.562321,44.539435],[-67.568159,44.531117],[-67.648506,44.525403],[-67.660678,44.537575],[-67.685861,44.537155],[-67.702649,44.527922],[-67.698872,44.51575],[-67.71419,44.495238],[-67.733986,44.496252],[-67.743353,44.497418],[-67.742942,44.526453],[-67.753854,44.543661],[-67.774001,44.547438],[-67.779457,44.543661],[-67.781556,44.520577],[-67.79726,44.520685],[-67.808837,44.544081],[-67.839896,44.558771],[-67.845772,44.551636],[-67.843254,44.542822],[-67.856684,44.523934],[-67.851648,44.484901],[-67.868774,44.465272],[-67.868875,44.456881],[-67.851764,44.428695],[-67.855108,44.419434],[-67.868856,44.424672],[-67.878509,44.435585],[-67.887323,44.433066],[-67.899571,44.394078],[-67.913346,44.430128],[-67.926357,44.431807],[-67.931453,44.411848],[-67.955737,44.416278],[-67.961613,44.4125],[-67.961613,44.39907],[-67.978876,44.387034],[-67.985668,44.386917],[-68.000646,44.406624],[-68.010719,44.407464],[-68.019533,44.396971],[-68.01399,44.390255],[-68.034223,44.360456],[-68.044296,44.357938],[-68.043037,44.343667],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.067047,44.335692],[-68.076066,44.347925],[-68.077873,44.373047],[-68.086268,44.376405],[-68.092983,44.370949],[-68.11229,44.401588],[-68.119845,44.445658],[-68.117746,44.475038],[-68.150904,44.482383],[-68.17105,44.470211],[-68.194554,44.47189],[-68.189517,44.478605],[-68.192036,44.487419],[-68.213861,44.492456],[-68.223934,44.487],[-68.224354,44.464335],[-68.22939,44.463496],[-68.2445,44.471051],[-68.252474,44.483222],[-68.261708,44.484062],[-68.270522,44.459718],[-68.281015,44.451324],[-68.298223,44.449225],[-68.299063,44.437893],[-68.294865,44.432857],[-68.268423,44.440411],[-68.247438,44.433276],[-68.24366,44.420685],[-68.249956,44.414809],[-68.21554,44.390466],[-68.20354,44.392365],[-68.184532,44.369145],[-68.173608,44.328397],[-68.191924,44.306675],[-68.233435,44.288578],[-68.275139,44.288895],[-68.289409,44.283858],[-68.298223,44.276303],[-68.298643,44.26665],[-68.290818,44.247673],[-68.317588,44.225101],[-68.339498,44.222893],[-68.343132,44.229505],[-68.377982,44.247563],[-68.401268,44.252244],[-68.430946,44.298624],[-68.430853,44.312609],[-68.409027,44.32562],[-68.421619,44.336113],[-68.409867,44.356259],[-68.396552,44.363941],[-68.398035,44.376191],[-68.3581,44.392337],[-68.359082,44.402847],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.387678,44.430936],[-68.392559,44.41807],[-68.416412,44.397973],[-68.427874,44.3968],[-68.433901,44.401534],[-68.429648,44.439136],[-68.439281,44.448043],[-68.455095,44.447498],[-68.46382,44.436592],[-68.458849,44.412141],[-68.464106,44.398078],[-68.461072,44.378504],[-68.466109,44.377245],[-68.47828,44.378084],[-68.483317,44.388157],[-68.472824,44.404106],[-68.480379,44.432647],[-68.485415,44.434326],[-68.494649,44.429709],[-68.499686,44.414179],[-68.51452,44.41334],[-68.529905,44.39907],[-68.555088,44.403687],[-68.565161,44.39907],[-68.564741,44.385219],[-68.559285,44.374307],[-68.550051,44.371788],[-68.545434,44.355],[-68.563209,44.333039],[-68.566203,44.313007],[-68.556236,44.300819],[-68.538595,44.299902],[-68.531532,44.290388],[-68.528611,44.276117],[-68.519516,44.265046],[-68.529802,44.249594],[-68.525302,44.227554],[-68.550802,44.236534],[-68.603385,44.27471],[-68.682979,44.299201],[-68.733004,44.328388],[-68.762021,44.329597],[-68.795063,44.30786],[-68.827197,44.31216],[-68.825419,44.334547],[-68.814811,44.362194],[-68.821767,44.40894],[-68.815325,44.42808],[-68.801634,44.434803],[-68.783679,44.473879],[-68.829153,44.462242],[-68.880271,44.428112],[-68.897104,44.450643],[-68.927452,44.448039],[-68.931934,44.43869],[-68.946582,44.429108],[-68.982449,44.426195],[-68.990767,44.415033],[-68.978815,44.38634],[-68.961111,44.375076],[-68.948164,44.355882],[-68.954465,44.32405],[-68.979005,44.296327],[-69.003682,44.294582],[-69.005071,44.274071],[-69.040193,44.233673],[-69.054546,44.171542],[-69.079835,44.160953],[-69.075667,44.129991],[-69.080331,44.117824],[-69.100863,44.104529],[-69.101107,44.093601],[-69.092,44.085734],[-69.050814,44.094888],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.048917,44.062506],[-69.056093,44.06949],[-69.067876,44.067596],[-69.079805,44.055256],[-69.073767,44.046135],[-69.125738,44.019623],[-69.124475,44.007419],[-69.170345,43.995637],[-69.193805,43.975543],[-69.19633,43.950504],[-69.203668,43.941806],[-69.259838,43.921427],[-69.267515,43.943667],[-69.280498,43.95744],[-69.31427,43.942951],[-69.319751,43.94487],[-69.304301,43.962068],[-69.331411,43.974311],[-69.351961,43.974748],[-69.366702,43.964755],[-69.388059,43.96434],[-69.398455,43.971804],[-69.421072,43.938261],[-69.423324,43.915507],[-69.459637,43.903316],[-69.483498,43.88028],[-69.50329,43.837673],[-69.514889,43.831298],[-69.513267,43.84479],[-69.520301,43.868498],[-69.524673,43.875639],[-69.543912,43.881615],[-69.54945,43.880012],[-69.545028,43.861241],[-69.552606,43.841347],[-69.572697,43.844012],[-69.578527,43.823316],[-69.588551,43.81836],[-69.604179,43.813551],[-69.604616,43.825793],[-69.592373,43.830895],[-69.589167,43.851299],[-69.594705,43.858878],[-69.604616,43.858004],[-69.621086,43.826814],[-69.634932,43.845907],[-69.649798,43.836287],[-69.653337,43.79103],[-69.664922,43.791033],[-69.685579,43.820546],[-69.705838,43.823024],[-69.714873,43.810264],[-69.719723,43.786685],[-69.752801,43.75594],[-69.780097,43.755397],[-69.778494,43.747089],[-69.835323,43.721125],[-69.838689,43.70514],[-69.851297,43.703581],[-69.855081,43.704746],[-69.858947,43.740531],[-69.868673,43.742701],[-69.862155,43.758962],[-69.869732,43.775656],[-69.884066,43.778035],[-69.903164,43.77239],[-69.927011,43.780174],[-69.948539,43.765948],[-69.958056,43.767786],[-69.982574,43.750801],[-69.992615,43.724793],[-70.001645,43.717666],[-70.006954,43.717065],[-69.998793,43.740385],[-70.001708,43.744466],[-70.041351,43.738053],[-70.034355,43.759041],[-69.99821,43.798684],[-70.002874,43.812093],[-70.011035,43.810927],[-70.026193,43.822587],[-70.023278,43.834247],[-70.002874,43.848239],[-70.009869,43.859315],[-70.019197,43.858733],[-70.064671,43.813259],[-70.06642,43.819672],[-70.080995,43.819672],[-70.107229,43.809178],[-70.142792,43.791688],[-70.153869,43.781194],[-70.153869,43.774781],[-70.176023,43.76079],[-70.17544,43.777113],[-70.190014,43.771866],[-70.197593,43.753211],[-70.194678,43.742134],[-70.217998,43.71998],[-70.216832,43.704822],[-70.23199,43.704822],[-70.251812,43.683251],[-70.254144,43.676839],[-70.242289,43.669544],[-70.240987,43.659132],[-70.211204,43.625765],[-70.217087,43.596717],[-70.214369,43.590445],[-70.20112,43.586515],[-70.196911,43.565146],[-70.206123,43.557627],[-70.231963,43.561118],[-70.244331,43.551849],[-70.261917,43.553687],[-70.272497,43.562616],[-70.307764,43.544315],[-70.353392,43.535405]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Maine\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, R.B. Jr.","contributorId":70869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"R.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221747,"text":"5221747 - 1982 - Seasonal carcass composition and energy balance of female black ducks in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T14:57:42.002101","indexId":"5221747","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal carcass composition and energy balance of female black ducks in Maine","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Female Black Ducks (<i>Anas rubripes</i>) collected in Maine during the summer, fall, and winter of 1974-1976 showed significant seasonal variation in body weight, nonfat dry weight, gizzard and pectoral muscle weight, and fat, moisture, and protein content. Variation of body weight within and among seasons was correlated more strongly with carcass protein content, and with fat content during seasons of heavy lipid deposition, than with three structural size variables (<i>culmen, tarsus, and sternum</i>). Regression equations including fat and protein as independent variables accounted for 80-90% of the annual and seasonal variation in body weight; structural size variables alone accounted for less than 30%.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1367447","usgsCitation":"Reinecke, K.J., Stone, T., and Owen, R., 1982, Seasonal carcass composition and energy balance of female black ducks in Maine: Condor, v. 84, no. 4, p. 420-426, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367447.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"420","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.22807987743658,\n              47.840416855382415\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.22807987743658,\n              42.45342442754378\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.33940800243688,\n              42.45342442754378\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.33940800243688,\n              47.840416855382415\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.22807987743658,\n              47.840416855382415\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, T.L.","contributorId":22449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, Ray B.","contributorId":42670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Ray B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221740,"text":"5221740 - 1982 - The influence of diet composition upon growth and development of Sandhill Cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T15:02:02.60359","indexId":"5221740","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of diet composition upon growth and development of Sandhill Cranes","docAbstract":"Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of protein, metabolizable energy, and sulfur amino acid content of five diets upon growth and development of captive Florida Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) and Greater Sandhill Crane (G. c. tabida) chicks raised under controlled conditions.  A high protein (32%) diet resulted in faster growth than that obtained when a lower protein (24%) ration was supplied. Florida Sandhill Crane chicks fed a diet containing 2,160 kcal/kg grew significantly slower than chicks fed a ration containing 2,830 kcal/kg. Reducing the sulfur amino acid content of a ration containing 24% protein from 0.88% to 0.73% significantly slowed the growth of young cranes. A 17% incidence of leg disorders and a 25% incidence of wing abnormalities occurred between 7 and 28 days of age among Greater Sandhill Cranes fed a high protein diet. Florida Sandhill Cranes grew slower than Greater Sandhill Cranes irrespective of the type of ration they were provided and did not develop leg or wing abnormalities. Abnormalities invariably developed only in the most rapidly growing Greater Sandhill Cranes. Diets that promoted slower growth reduced the incidence of abnormalities. A ration formulated to contain a low (0.73%) sulfur amino acid level appeared to be the most suitable for slowing growth rates of captive-reared Sandhill Cranes and reducing the risk of abnormaiwing or leg development.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1367448","usgsCitation":"Serafin, J.A., 1982, The influence of diet composition upon growth and development of Sandhill Cranes: Condor, v. 84, no. 4, p. 427-434, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367448.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"434","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol84/iss4/9","text":"External Repository"},{"id":193408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f131f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Serafin, John A.","contributorId":11292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serafin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221744,"text":"5221744 - 1982 - Nest and brood attentiveness in female black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T15:00:15.131448","indexId":"5221744","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:28","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest and brood attentiveness in female black ducks","docAbstract":"Incubation rhythms and brood attentiveness of radio-marked Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) were studied in southcentral Maine during 1977-1980. Recess duration and frequency differed between three females nesting near wetlands (x  = 82 min, 2.3 recesses/day) and two nesting at upland sites(x  = 183 min, I. I recesses/day), but incubation constancy was similar for all birds (x = 86.7%). A fourth wetland-nesting female apparently responded to the absence of down and concealing cover at the nest site by taking shorter and fewer recesses (x= 34 min, 1.0 recesses/day) than did other wetland-nesters with typical nests.  Wetland-nesters took longer recesses with increasing air temperature and following long incubation sessions. After their ducklings were two weeks old, two brood-rearing females began leaving their broods to forage on nearby wetlands. Duration of rearing recess (x = 56 min) and total recess time (x  = 94 min/day) were less during this mid-rearing stage than during the latter part of rearing (x = 265 min, 488 min/day). The two hen-brood bonds terminated at 43 and 48 days. We suggest that small endogenous nutrient reserves and the low density of invertebrate foods, typical of Black Duck breeding habitat, were critical factors affecting the evolution of Black Duck incubation behavior. Bouts of inattention during brood rearing may have also evolved in relation to food requirements; by foraging on wetlands away from their broods, females avoid competing with offspring for common food resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1367831","usgsCitation":"Ringelman, J., Longcore, J.R., and Owen, R., 1982, Nest and brood attentiveness in female black ducks: Condor, v. 84, no. 1, p. 110-116, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367831.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503133,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol84/iss1/16","text":"External Repository"},{"id":194173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, R.B. Jr.","contributorId":70869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"R.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222121,"text":"5222121 - 1982 - Diagnosis of anticholinesterase poisoning in birds: Effects of environmental temperature and underfeeding on cholinesterase activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T15:43:30.122552","indexId":"5222121","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnosis of anticholinesterase poisoning in birds: Effects of environmental temperature and underfeeding on cholinesterase activity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been used extensively to monitor exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides in wild birds. A series of factorial experiments was conducted to assess the extent to which noncontaminant-related environmental conditions might affect brain ChE activity and thereby confound the diagnosis of OP and CB intoxication. Underfeeding (restricting intake to 50% of control for 21 d or fasting for 1–3 d) or exposure to elevated temperature (36 ± 1°C for 1 d) caused only slightreductions (10–17%)in brain AChE activity in adult male Japanese quail (</span><i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i><span>). This degree of “reduction” in brain AChE activity is considerably less than the 50% “inhibition” criterion employed in the diagnosis of insecticide-induced mortality, but nevertheless approaches the 20% “inhibition” level used as a conservative estimate of sublethal exposure to a known insecticide application.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620010408","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., 1982, Diagnosis of anticholinesterase poisoning in birds: Effects of environmental temperature and underfeeding on cholinesterase activity: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 1, no. 4, p. 329-335, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620010408.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1982-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221769,"text":"5221769 - 1982 - Social organization in a nesting population of eastern willets (<i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T16:08:27","indexId":"5221769","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social organization in a nesting population of eastern willets (<i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>The breeding ecology of eastern Willets (<i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus</i>) was studied over a 3-yr period in a salt marsh on the Atlantic coast of Virginia. During the study, 171 adults were color-marked. Willets are strictly monogamous and show strong site and mate fidelity from year to year. Normally a pair bond dissolves only after one member dies or fails to return in the spring. With an estimated annual adult mortality of 15%, the average life of a pair bond is 3 yr. The sexes share in most aspects of breeding, including brood-rearing, but females abandon both mate and brood about 2 weeks after the chicks hatch. Males apparently incubate at night and sometimes relieve the female at the nest during the middle of the day. In this area Willets defend separate nesting and feeding territories, though nest-site defense decreases through the incubation period. When mates are lost, males retain their original nesting and feeding territories, while females pair with available mates near their original nesting territory. Females compete for mates, and males select the most aggressive females.</p><p>Nesting was particularly synchronous in lowland marsh sites, where the onset of egg laying was slightly earlier than in upland sites. Nest density was the highest reported for any scolopacid, and the highest densities were in sites closest to the marsh. Nest spacing is achieved through agonistic behavior, but there is evidence of a counter-tendency leading to nest clumping. Several features of the Willet social system resemble characteristics typical of colonial species of birds. These are discussed along with other aspects of social organization and the selective forces operating on it.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4086024","usgsCitation":"Howe, M., 1982, Social organization in a nesting population of eastern willets (<i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus</i>): The Auk, v. 99, no. 1, p. 88-102, https://doi.org/10.2307/4086024.","productDescription":"15","startPage":"88","endPage":"102","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4086024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edd57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221771,"text":"5221771 - 1982 - Capturing birds with mist nets: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"5221771","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing birds with mist nets: A review","docAbstract":"Herein we have tried to provide a comprehensive review of mist-netting techniques suitable for both novice and experienced netters. General mist-netting procedures and modifications developed by netters for particular bird species and habitats are included. Factors which influence capture success, including site selection, net specifications and placement, weather, and time of day, are discussed. Guidelines are presented for the care of netted birds and the use of mist-net data in the study of bird communities. The advantages of the use of mist nets over other methods of capturing birds are also discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Bird Bander","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keyes, B., and Grue, C., 1982, Capturing birds with mist nets: A review: North American Bird Bander, v. 7, no. 1, p. 2-14.","productDescription":"2-14","startPage":"2","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18356,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/NABB/v007n01/p0002-p0014.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":197062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keyes, B.E.","contributorId":22878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keyes","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223157,"text":"5223157 - 1982 - Food habits of diving ducks in the Carolinas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5223157","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food habits of diving ducks in the Carolinas","docAbstract":"Food habits analyses were conducted on 264 diving ducks (7 species) from North and South Carolina during the 1970'S.  The Baltic clam (Macoma balthica) was the predominant food among canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) from the Pamlico River area, whereas sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) predominated in birds from impoundments in North and South Carolina.  Shoalgrass (Halodule beaudettei) formed 100% of the gullet food and 99% of the gizzard food in redheads (Aythya americana) from Pamlico Sound.  Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) in North Carolina had fed predominantly on mollusks (Mulinia lateralis and Rangia cuneata), whereas widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) was the predominant food in birds from South Carolina.  In North Carolina, ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris) fed mainly on vegetation, and greater scaup (Aythya marila), bufflehead (Bucephala albeola), and ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) fed mainly on Mulinia lateralis.  Food habits data from this study when compared with historical food habits of these species indicate that most diving duck species were feeding more on invertebrates and less on submerged aquatic vegetation than in the past.  North and South Carolina have a diverse food supply and appear to offer waterfowl adequate wintering habitat based on these food habits studies.  Present trends in wintering habitat, however, could adversely affect diving duck populations in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Based in part on paper, 'Southeastern waterfowl distribution in response to changing habitat conditions' presented at Southeastern Coastal and Estuarine Birds: Conference and Workshop, Georgetown, SC, 1981","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., and Uhler, F., 1982, Food habits of diving ducks in the Carolinas: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 36, p. 492-504.","productDescription":"492-504","startPage":"492","endPage":"504","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uhler, F.M.","contributorId":81965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhler","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221770,"text":"5221770 - 1982 - Shotshell and shooter effectiveness: Lead vs. steel shot for duck hunting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5221770","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shotshell and shooter effectiveness: Lead vs. steel shot for duck hunting","docAbstract":"Shooter and shotshell effectiveness were tested during the 1979 waterfowl season at the Schell-Osage Wildlife Management Area (WMA), Missouri. Hunters who participated in the study bagged 1,967 ducks with 10,587 shots. No significant differences in bagging, crippling, or missing rates were measured among 4 Winchester 12 gauge loads: #4 buffered and unbuffered lead and #4 and #2 steel. Shooter effectiveness declined as distance increased. Crippling rates were not influenced by distance. Hunters reported good shotshell performance for all shells but indicated negative attitudes toward steel shot.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Humburg, D., Sheriff, S., Geissler, P., and Roster, T., 1982, Shotshell and shooter effectiveness: Lead vs. steel shot for duck hunting: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 10, no. 2, p. 121-126.","productDescription":"121-126","startPage":"121","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18355,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3781729","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Humburg, D.D.","contributorId":87101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humburg","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheriff, S.L.","contributorId":93155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheriff","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roster, T.","contributorId":81213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roster","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222048,"text":"5222048 - 1982 - Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on birds' eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"5222048","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3612,"text":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on birds' eggs","docAbstract":"Waste crankcase oil (WCO) is a major source of oil pollution in both the aquatic and terrestrial environment and has been implicated in the poisoning of mammals and fish. It is also mutagenic. Since birds' eggs are highly sensitive to external microliter applications of environmentally polluting oils, we examined the developmental effects of external applications of WCO on eggs of the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). At 48 hr of development, mallard eggs were exposed externally to 2, 5, or 15 :l of WCO or 15 :l of clean crankcase oil (CCO) while bobwhite eggs received proportional doses of 0.5, 1, or 3 :l of WCO and 3 :l of CCO in a similar manner. WCO was highly embryotoxic to both species compared to CCO and resulted in dose-dependent mortality, reduced growth, and abnormal survivors. Application of 15 :l WCO resulted in 84% mortality in mallards and 3 :l WCO resulted in 88% mortality in bobwhites. Abnormal survivors included embryos with subcutaneous edema, incomplete ossification, and eye and brain defects. Red blood cell *-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, liver ALAD activity, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower after treatment with WCO in embryos and hatchlings of both species. Plasma uric acid, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and plasma aspartate aminotransferese (AST) were significantly elevated in WCO-treated mallards after hatching. Biochemical effects, growth retardation, and mortality at proportionally lower dose levels were more pronounced in mallards than in bobwhites. Chemical analysis of the WCO and CCO revealed a considerably higher content of aromatic hydrocarbons in WCO than in CCO. Lead levels were highly elevated in WCO (4600 ppm) compared to CCO (2 ppm).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0041-008X(82)90045-X","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Eastin, W.C., and Gay, M.L., 1982, Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on birds' eggs: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 230-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(82)90045-X.","productDescription":"230-241","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18352,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(82)90045-X","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eastin, W. C. Jr.","contributorId":6147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastin","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gay, M. L.","contributorId":91191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223646,"text":"5223646 - 1982 - A rapid field techniques for preparing ant chromosomes for karyotypic analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T15:06:47.147634","indexId":"5223646","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3468,"text":"Stain Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid field techniques for preparing ant chromosomes for karyotypic analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>This technique for chromosomal preparation of ant tissues for karyotypic analysis is advantageous under field conditions because it reduces processing time and can be used under humid conditions. The cerebral ganglia from prepupae or early pupae are incubated 20 minutes in a hypotonic citrate solution, minced in a fixative solution of 3:3:4 glacial acetic acid: absolute methanol: distilled HOH, rinsed in a fixative solution of 1:1 glacial acetic acid: methanol followed by Carnoy's fixative, then immediately flame dried. The resulting metaphase chromosomes are well spaced and usually show banding characteristics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.3109/10520298209066535","usgsCitation":"Mehlhop, P., and Gardner, A.L., 1982, A rapid field techniques for preparing ant chromosomes for karyotypic analysis: Stain Technology, v. 57, p. 99-101, https://doi.org/10.3109/10520298209066535.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehlhop, Patricia","contributorId":67046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlhop","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221753,"text":"5221753 - 1982 - A field evaluation of frogs as a potential source of secondary organophosphorus insecticide poisoning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T00:34:14.068558","indexId":"5221753","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field evaluation of frogs as a potential source of secondary organophosphorus insecticide poisoning","docAbstract":"Because amphibians are relatively resistant to organophosphorus insecticides and can bioaccumulate residues to high levels, they may be a source of secondary poisoning for vertebrates that feed on them.  This hypothesis was tested by determining residues in breeding upland chorus frogs Pseudacris triseriata, that were collected from ponds treated with the organophosphorus insecticide fenthion.  Frogs were collected up to 3-days posttreatment in four areas that were treated with fenthion formulated in either diesel oil or water.  No residues of fenthion were detected above the 0.01 ppm level of analytical sensitivity.  These results indicate that the frogs were not a likely source of secondary poisoning for predatory vertebrates.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z82-286","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Powell, G., DeWeese, L., and Lamont, T.G., 1982, A field evaluation of frogs as a potential source of secondary organophosphorus insecticide poisoning: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 60, no. 9, p. 2233-2235, https://doi.org/10.1139/z82-286.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2233","endPage":"2235","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, G.V.N.","contributorId":23894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"G.V.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWeese, L.R.","contributorId":65116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWeese","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamont, T. G.","contributorId":51252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}