{"pageNumber":"477","pageRowStart":"11900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":27249,"text":"wri904096 - 1990 - Water quality characteristics of inflow to and outflow from B. Everett Jordan Lake, North Carolina, 1982-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T19:27:32.634281","indexId":"wri904096","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4096","title":"Water quality characteristics of inflow to and outflow from B. Everett Jordan Lake, North Carolina, 1982-86","docAbstract":"B. Everett Jordan Lake, a 13,900-acre reservoir in the north-central Piedmont of North Carolina, was completed in February 1982. Hydrologic data were collected at four inflow sites and one outflow site to define water-quality characteristics. Data include streamflow data and 56 physical and chemical characteristics of streamwater. Concentrations of some constituents at inflow sites were as much as 83-times greater than background concentrations in streams relatively unaffected by man. At the outflow site, however, some of these constituents were only as much as 6-times greater. The minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration measured at an inflow site was 1.0 mg/L, whereas the minimum concentration measured at the outflow site was 4.9 mg/L. Significant differences in other physical characteristics between inflow and outflow sites include a reduction in maximum concentration of suspended sediment from 2,360 mg/L in an inflow sample to 130 mg/L at the outflow site and a reduction of maximum specific conductance values from more than 1,100 microsiemens/centimeter in an inflow sample to 301 microsiemens/centimeter in outflow. The maximum concentration of total nitrogen at inflow sites was 27.0 mg/L compared with 3.2 mg/L at the outflow site. The maximum total phosphorus concentration at inflow sites was 13.0 mg/L compared with 0.6 mg/L at the outflow site. Average annual loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the outflow were as much as 67% and 40% of inflow loads, respectively. Maximum yields at an inflow site were 5.8 t/sq mi (tons per square mile) for nitrogen and 1.4 t/sq mi for phosphorus. Yields of these constituents at the outflow site were 1.5 and 0.2 t/mi, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904096","usgsCitation":"Garrett, R.G., 1990, Water quality characteristics of inflow to and outflow from B. Everett Jordan Lake, North Carolina, 1982-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4096, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904096.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393481,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47361.htm"},{"id":56115,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"B. Everett Jordan Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.13177490234375,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -78.90380859375,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -78.90380859375,\n 35.93798832265393\n ],\n [\n -79.13177490234375,\n 35.93798832265393\n ],\n [\n -79.13177490234375,\n 35.51434313431818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27128,"text":"wri864195 - 1990 - Technique for estimating depths of 100-year floods in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T11:24:39","indexId":"wri864195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4195","title":"Technique for estimating depths of 100-year floods in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"

Techniques are developed for estimating 100-year flood depths in natural channels of unregulated Pennsylvania streams that drain less than 2,200 square miles. Equations and graphs are presented relating the depth of the 100-year flood above median stage and drainage area in five defined hydrologic areas in the State. Another graph defines the relation between drainage area and median depth of flow over the low point of riffles. Thus 100-year depths on riffles can be estimated by summing depth values derived from two simple relations.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6975a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flippo, Herbert N. Jr.","contributorId":36597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"Herbert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27955,"text":"wri904021 - 1990 - Methods for selection and hydrologic description of potential landfill sites in southeastern San Diego County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri904021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4021","title":"Methods for selection and hydrologic description of potential landfill sites in southeastern San Diego County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904021","usgsCitation":"Kaehler, C., 1990, Methods for selection and hydrologic description of potential landfill sites in southeastern San Diego County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4021, v, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904021.","productDescription":"v, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56763,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaehler, C. A.","contributorId":59469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehler","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27087,"text":"wri894089 - 1990 - Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T10:21:39","indexId":"wri894089","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4089","title":"Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86","docAbstract":"

An intensive data-collection program for the Black Earth Creek basin in southern Wisconsin was conducted from October 1984 through September 1986 to assess the hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality in Black Earth Creek by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Three sites on two cold-water trout streams Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains, Black Earth Creek near Cross Plains, and Garfoot Creek near Cross Plains were continuously monitored for streamflow and water-quality data. One site in a warm-water stream, Brewery Creek at Cross Plains, also was monitored. Aquatic macrophyte biomass was determined for three sites on Black Earth Creek.

\n

Streamflow at Black Earth Creek at Black Earth during the 1985 and 1986 water years (WY) were 44 and 60 percent greater than the long-term mean discharge of 33.3 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) for the period 1955-86. Water year 1986 had the highest annual mean discharge, 53.4 ft3/s, since records began in 1954 at the most downstream site Black Earth Creek at Black Earth. Although there have been considerable fluctuations in streamflow, it has tended to increase since WY 1965 as a result of above-average precipitation and consequent rising ground-water levels.

\n

Trout population densities may be related to annual mean streamflow. A regression analysis of adult trout populations and the 3-year moving annual mean discharge had a correlation coefficient of 0.75 with a standard error of 83 percent.

\n

Aquatic macrophyte biomass in Black Earth Creek was substantially less in 1986 than in 1985 as a result of substrate scouring from the flood of July 25, 1985. The frequency of occurrence of species during 1985 and 1986 was similar to that of 1981, and seasonal succession of species also was similar; Potamogeton crispus dominated early in the year and senesced in July. P. crispus and P. pectinatus, both indicative of eutrophic conditions, dominated upstream and downstream, respectively; neither species is native to the area. In 1985, the greatest biomass was found upstream from Cross Plains. This large biomass caused diurnal fluctuations in dissolved-oxygen concentration of 5 to 6 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as a result of photosynthesis and respiration. Many of the dissolved-oxygen minimums, recorded at night, were less than the State 6.0-mg/L water-quality standard for trout waters. Discharge from point sources may adversely affect Black Earth Creek's water quality. Warm water discharged to Black Earth Creek from a gravel pit operation upstream from Cross Plains increased water temperatures 2 to 4 degrees Celsius and decreased the dissolved oxygen about 1 mg/L at a site 1.8 miles downstream. Runoff from a settling pond from a landfill operation in the headwaters of the Black Earth Creek basin drains through a wetland that drains to Black Earth Creek and contained as much as 60 mg/L ammonia nitrogen, 980 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand, and 1,300 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, which may be detrimental to trout.

\n

Garfoot Creek had the highest suspended-sediment and phosphorus yields per unit area of the three upstream basins during low to moderate runoff. Detention ponds in the Brewery Creek basin appear to be less effective in controlling suspended-sediment and phosphorus loads during periods of high runoff than during moderate runoff. Brewery Creek had the highest concentrations of suspended sediment and total phosphorus during low and high flows. The water quality at the Black Earth Creek gaging station at Black Earth was affected by Garfoot Creek and unnamed tributaries. As a result, yields of suspended sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen increased between Cross Plains and Black Earth. High streamflows during WY 1985 resulted in suspendedsediment yields at Black Earth Creek at Black Earth that were 29 percent greater than the 12-year (1955-65, 85-86) mean; yields ranged from 69.5 ton/mi2 (tons per square mile) in Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains to 116 ton/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin. Phosphorus yields ranged from 312 lb/mi2 (pounds per square mile) in Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains to 628 lb/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin. Total nitrogen yields ranged from 3,280 lb/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin to 6,920 lb/mi2 in the Garfoot Creek basin.

\n

An increase in oxygen demand, caused by agricultural runoff, has resulted in reduced dissolved-oxygen content of the water in both Black Earth and Garfoot Creeks. The most substantial reduction occurred at Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains on July 25, 1985, as a result of the largest storm runoff event during the study. A rainfall of 5.54 inches caused streamflow discharges to increase from 9 to 122 ft3/s and dissolved-oxygen concentrations to decline to 3.0 mg/L; the dissolved-oxygen concentration was less than 6.0 mg/L for 30 hours.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., and Graczyk, D., 1990, Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4089, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894089.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55953,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4089/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.72911834716797,\n 43.18440150752066\n ],\n [\n -89.791259765625,\n 43.09170711357466\n ],\n [\n -89.66697692871094,\n 43.06838615478111\n ],\n [\n -89.54132080078125,\n 43.04555812998933\n ],\n [\n -89.53239440917969,\n 43.11401670811261\n ],\n [\n -89.51934814453125,\n 43.13130731581085\n ],\n [\n -89.52587127685547,\n 43.14082759275761\n ],\n [\n -89.72911834716797,\n 43.18440150752066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc71d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29135,"text":"wri904069 - 1990 - Geology, hydrology, and water quality of the surficial aquifer system in Volusia County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri904069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4069","title":"Geology, hydrology, and water quality of the surficial aquifer system in Volusia County, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904069","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., 1990, Geology, hydrology, and water quality of the surficial aquifer system in Volusia County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4069, vi, 67 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904069.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44153,"text":"ofr90177 - 1990 - Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44153,"text":"ofr90177 - 1990 - Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr90177","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68382,"text":"ha726 - 1993 - Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada","indexId":"ha726","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":68382,"text":"ha726 - 1993 - Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada","indexId":"ha726","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-20T17:20:22.914581","indexId":"ofr90177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-177","title":"Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada","docAbstract":"

Honey Lake Valley straddles the state line of California and Nevada, about 35 miles north of Reno; about three-fourths of the area is in California. In this report, Honey Lake Valley (also referred to as the \"basin\") includes the entire area within the hydrographic boundary (fig. 1). Susanville, Calif., in the northwest part of the basin, is the largest town. Population is increasing rapidly both in the Susanville area and in the Reno area of adjacent Washoe County, Nev. Both Lassen and Washoe Counties have identified water resources in Honey Lake Valley as a possible source to meet their needs for future development. An important component of an assessment of the availability of additional long-term supply is an appraisal of surface-water resources. 

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and the Nevada Division of Water Resources, began a hydrologic assessment of the area in 1987. The study was primarily an appraisal of ground-water resources, but it also included an assessment of surface-water resources. The purpose of this map report is to present the results of the surface-water assessment, including (1) a broad overview of surface-water conditions in the basin, (2) an estimate of mean annual streamflow to the valley floor, and (3) an evaluation of the characteristics of Honey Lake. This report will be republished by the U.S. Geological Survey as a Hydrologic-Investigations Atlas. Results of this study related to ground-water resources of the basin are discussed in a separate report (Handman and others, 1990) and are summarized in a short \"Water Fact Sheet\" by Handman (1990).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and the Nevada Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, G.L., 1990, Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-177, 2 Plates: 41.91 x 44.49 inches and 46.15 x 33.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90177.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 41.91 x 44.49 inches and 46.15 x 33.21 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399188,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0177/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0177/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":134680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0177/report-thumb.jpg"}],"datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Lassen County, Washoe County","otherGeospatial":"Honey Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.49942016601562,\n 40.12114052159822\n ],\n [\n -119.91165161132811,\n 40.12114052159822\n ],\n [\n -119.91165161132811,\n 40.36747374615593\n ],\n [\n -120.49942016601562,\n 40.36747374615593\n ],\n [\n -120.49942016601562,\n 40.12114052159822\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Gerald L.","contributorId":55401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27060,"text":"wri894046 - 1990 - Surface-water hydrology and salinity of the Anclote River estuary, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri894046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4046","title":"Surface-water hydrology and salinity of the Anclote River estuary, Florida","docAbstract":"Direct measurements of streamflow, tides, and salinity in the Anclote River Estuary, Florida were made during the period January 1984 through May 1986; historical streamflow was compared to that measured during the study; the influence of well-field pumpage on streamflow was evaluated; and regression relations between salinity, tide, and average daily streamflow were developed. Mean monthly streamflows during the study period generally were lower than the corresponding long-term monthly averages yet representative of flows that typically enter the estuary. The influence of pumpage from individual well fields in or near the basin on streamflow was not statistically significant; the influence of total well-field pumpage, however, was significant at the 5% level. The upstream daily location of 0.44-, 5.0-, 10-, and 18-parts-per-thousand (ppt) salinity was quantified using multiple regression techniques. Streamflow used in the analysis ranged from 2.3 to 263 cu ft/sec, and high tides ranged from 0.25 ft below to 2.76 ft above sea level. Vertical salinity profiles indicated partially to well-mixed conditions throughout the estuary during the study period. Results of the regression analyses show that streamflow has a large effect on the location of the saltwater- freshwater interface (defined as 0.44 ppt salinity) as well as water having a salinity of 5.0 ppt. The location of water having salinities greater than 5.0 ppt is affected increasingly by tide, with a corresponding decrease in effect by streamflow. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports,","doi":"10.3133/wri894046","usgsCitation":"Fernandez, M., 1990, Surface-water hydrology and salinity of the Anclote River estuary, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4046, iv, 34 p. :ill. ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894046.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill. ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55935,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandez, Mario Jr.","contributorId":77155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Mario","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26873,"text":"wri904014 - 1990 - Water resources of the Descanso Area, San Diego County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri904014","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4014","title":"Water resources of the Descanso Area, San Diego County, California","docAbstract":"Hydrologic information was collected during water year 1988 (October 1987 to September 1988) to evaluate the effects of current pumping on groundwater levels in the Descanso area in south-central San Diego County. Water year 1988 was a period of near-normal precipitation and runoff. The groundwater system in the area consists of aquifers in the metamorphic and granitic bedrock and in the overlying regolith (weathered bedrock). Most wells penetrate both aquifers, but the regolith is the source of most water pumped from wells. Groundwater storage in 1988 was estimated to be 800 to 2,000 acre-ft in the regolith and 300 to 3,000 acre-ft in bedrock. Recharge to the groundwater system from infiltration of precipitation and streamflow was estimated to be about 1,000 acre-ft. Pumpage, which was estimated to be 170 acre-ft, had little effect on groundwater storage. Water levels in wells were nearly the same at the end of the water year as at the beginning. Groundwater quality generally was suitable for domestic uses. Concentrations of iron and manganese , although nontoxic, exceeded California maximum contaminant levels for domestic drinking water in some wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri904014","usgsCitation":"Duell, L., 1990, Water resources of the Descanso Area, San Diego County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4014, v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904014.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55766,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0572","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duell, L. F. Jr.","contributorId":39009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duell","given":"L. F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26844,"text":"wri904022 - 1990 - Geohydrology and ground-water geochemistry at a sub-arctic landfill, Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri904022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4022","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water geochemistry at a sub-arctic landfill, Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Fairbanks-North Star Borough, Alaska, landfill is located on silt, sand, and gravel deposits of the Tanana River flood plain, about 3 miles south of the city of Fairbanks water supply wells. The landfill has been in operation for about 25 years in this sub-arctic region of discontinuous permafrost. The cold climate limits biological activity within the landfill with corresponding low gas and leachate production. Chloride concentrations, specific conductance, water temperature, and earth conductivity measurements indicate a small plume of leachate flowing to the northwest from the landfill. The leachate remains near the water table as it flows northwestward toward a drainage ditch. Results of computer modeling of this local hydrologic system indicate that some of the leachate may be discharging to the ditch. Chemical data show that higher-than-background concentrations of several ions are present in the plume. However, the concentrations appear to be reduced to background levels within a short distance along the path of groundwater flow from the landfill, and thus the leachate is not expected to affect the water supply wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904022","usgsCitation":"Downey, J.S., 1990, Geohydrology and ground-water geochemistry at a sub-arctic landfill, Fairbanks, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4022, vi, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904022.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55735,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downey, J. S.","contributorId":100013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28934,"text":"wri874156 - 1990 - Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri874156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4156","title":"Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Skunk Creek aquifer, a major glacial outwash deposit in the Skunk Creek drainage basin, consists of a 30-sq-mi shallow stream connected sand and gravel aquifer in southeastern South Dakota. The aquifer thickness ranges from 1 to 74 ft. Average annual fluctuation of the water table is 2.5 ft. The water has an average dissolved-solids content of 620 mg/L and is very hard , averaging 403 mg/L calcium carbonate hardness. A numerical model was developed and calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. The model contained 484 active nodes each representing 0.0625 sq mi. Hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer used in the model range from 10 to 400 ft/d, and average specific yield is 20%. Recharge from infiltration of precipitation was estimated to be 6 inches/yr or 24% of average annual precipitation. Maximum evapotranspiration rate was 32 inches/yr and the evapotranspiration extinction depth for the model was 5 ft. The steady-state hydrologic budget was about 11 ,000 acre-ft/yr. Recharge by precipitation was about 9,500 acre-ft and recharge from streams was about 1,100 acre-ft. Discharge by evapotranspiration was about 5,000 acre-ft and discharge to streams was about 5,700 acre-ft. A hypothetical simulation to determine maximum withdrawal under steady-state conditions resulted in a groundwater withdrawal of about 15,700 acre-ft/yr from 19 hypothetical wells pumping at a rate of 500 gal/min and 13 existing wells pumping at a combined average rate of 24 gal/min. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874156","usgsCitation":"Ohland, G., 1990, Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4156, v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874156.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57807,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohland, G.L.","contributorId":45749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohland","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27448,"text":"wri904167 - 1990 - Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T19:19:04.827574","indexId":"wri904167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4167","title":"Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit in North Dakota may have various effects on the quantity and quality of streamflow in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. To model the effects that the Garrison Diverson Unit could have on water quantity, monthly gaged and estimated streamflow data and estimated unregulated streamflow data were compiled to develop a complete monthly streamflow record for January 1931 through December 1984 (data-development period) for 29 sites in the Red River of the North basin.

Gaged streamflow records were available for January 1931 through December 1984 for only 4 sites; no records or records of various length were available for the remaining 25 sites. Drainage-area ratio and Maintenance of Variance Extension Type 1 methods were used to estimate the streamflow for those sites that had no streamflow record or had a streamflow record available for only part of the data-development period.

Unregulated streamflow for the 29 sites was estimated by removing the hydrologic effects of Lake Ashtabula, which is formed behind Baldhill Dam on the Sheyenne River, and surface-water withdrawals. VIater-balance procedures were used to remove the hydrologic effects of Lake Ashtabula from the streamflow record for sites downstream of Baldhill Dam.

Mean annual gaged streamflow for the Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam was 9,175 acre-feet less than mean annual estimated unregulated streamflow for 1950-84, when Baldhill Dam was in operation. Net evaporation losses from Lake Ashtabula account for most of the difference between gaged streamflow and estimated unregulated streamflow.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904167","usgsCitation":"Guenthner, R., Weigel, J.F., and Emerson, D.G., 1990, Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4167, Report: vi, 230 p.; 1 Plate: 21.28 x 15.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 230 p.; 1 Plate: 21.28 x 15.64 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56306,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411441,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47416.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guenthner, R. S.","contributorId":31433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenthner","given":"R. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, J. F.","contributorId":74394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emerson, D. G.","contributorId":39385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26301,"text":"wri904051 - 1990 - Summary of biological investigations relating to surface-water quality in the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri904051","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4051","title":"Summary of biological investigations relating to surface-water quality in the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The Kentucky River basin, an area of approximately 7,000 sq mi, is divided into five hydrologic units that drain parts of three physiographic regions. Data on aquatic biological resources were collected and reviewed to assess conditions in the major streams for which data were available. The North, Middle, and South Forks of the Kentucky River are in the Eastern Coal Field physiographic region. Streams in this region are affected by drainage from coal mines and oil and gas operations, and many support only tolerant biotic stream forms. The Kentucky River from the confluence of the three forks to the Red River, is in the Knobs physiographic region. Oil and gas production operations and point discharges from municipalities have affected many streams in this region. The Red River, a Kentucky Wild River, supported a unique flora and fauna but accelerated sedimentation has eliminated many species of mussels. The Millers Creek drainage is affected by brines discharged from oil and gas operations, and some reaches support only halophilic algae and a few fish. The Kentucky River from the Red River to the Ohio River is in the Bluegrass physiographic region. Heavy sediment loads and sewage effluent from urban centers have limited the aquatic biota in this region. Silver Creek and South Elkhorn Creek have been particularly affected and aquatic communities in these streams are dominated by organisms tolerant of low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Biological data for other streams indicate that habitat and water quality conditions are favorable for most commonly occurring aquatic organisms. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904051","usgsCitation":"Bradfield, A., and Porter, S.D., 1990, Summary of biological investigations relating to surface-water quality in the Kentucky River basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4051, iv, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904051.","productDescription":"iv, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55104,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradfield, A.D.","contributorId":25927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradfield","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26716,"text":"wri904136 - 1990 - Long-term effects of surface coal mining on ground-water levels and quality in two small watersheds in eastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T22:34:40.636752","indexId":"wri904136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4136","title":"Long-term effects of surface coal mining on ground-water levels and quality in two small watersheds in eastern Ohio","docAbstract":"

Two small watersheds in eastern Ohio that were surface mined for coal and reclaimed were studied during 1986-89. Water-level and water-quality data were compared with similar data collected during previous investigations conducted during 1976-83 to determine long-term effects of surface mining on the hydrologic system. Before mining, the watersheds were characterized by sequences of flat-lying sedimentary rocks containing two major coal seams and underclays. An aquifer was present above each of the underclays. Surface mining removed the upper aquifer, stripped the coal seam, and replaced the sediment. This created a new upper aquifer with different hydraulic and chemical characteristics. Mining did not disturb the middle aquifer. A third, deeper aquifer in each watershed was not studied.

Water levels were continuously recorded in one well in each aquifer. Other wells were measured every 2 months. Water levels in the upper aquifers reached hydraulic equilibrium from 2 to 5 years after mining ceased. Water levels in the middle aquifers increased more than 5 feet during mining and reached equilibrium almost immediately thereafter.

Water samples were collected from three upper-aquifer well, a seep from the upper aquifer, and the stream in each watershed. Two samples were collected in 1986 and 1987, and one each in 1988 and 1989. In both watersheds, sulfate replaced bicarbonate as the dominant upper-aquifer and surface-water anion after mining.

For the upper aquifer of a watershed located in Muskingum County, water-quality data were grouped into premining and late postmining time periods (1986-89). The premining median pH and concentration of dissolved solids and sulfate were 7.6, 378 mg/L (milligrams per liter), and 41 mg/L, respectively. The premining median concentrations of iron and manganese were 10 μg/L (micrograms per liter) and 25 μg/L, respectively. The postmining median values of pH, dissolved solids, and sulfate were 6.7, 1,150 mg/L, and 560 mg/L, respectively. The postmining median concentrations of iron and manganese were 3,900 μg/L and 1,900 μg/L, respectively.

For the upper aquifer of a watershed located in Jefferson County, the water-quality data were grouped into three time periods of premining, early postmining, and late postmining. The premining median pH and concentrations of dissolved solids and sulfate were 7.0, 335 mg/L, and 85 mg/L, respectively. The premining median concentrations of iron and manganese were 30 μg/L for each constituent. Late postmining median pH and concentrations of dissolved solids and sulfate were 6.7, 1,495 mg/L, and 825 mg/L, respectively. The postmining median concentrations of iron and manganese were 31 μg/L and 1,015 μg/L, respectively. Chemistry of water in the middle aquifer in each watershed underwent similar changes.

In general, statistically significant increases in concentrations of dissolved constituents occurred because of surface mining. In some constituents, concentrations increased by more than an order of magnitude. The continued decrease in pH indicated that ground water had no reached geochemical equilibrium in either watershed more than 8 years after mining.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904136","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, W.L., and Jones, R., 1990, Long-term effects of surface coal mining on ground-water levels and quality in two small watersheds in eastern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4136, vi, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904136.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4136/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465924,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47392.htm","text":"Jefferson County site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465925,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47393.htm","text":"Muskingum County site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Jefferson County, Muskingum 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W. L.","contributorId":22801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, R.L.","contributorId":39785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31070,"text":"wsp2370E - 1990 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13410,"text":"ofr8892 - 1988 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods","indexId":"ofr8892","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":31070,"text":"wsp2370E - 1990 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","indexId":"wsp2370E","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"wsp2370E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2370","chapter":"E","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","docAbstract":"In Owens Valley, evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the largest components of outflow in the hydrologic budget and the least understood. ET estimates for December 1983 through October 1985 were made for seven representative locations selected on the basis of geohydrology and the characteristics of phreatophytic alkaline scrub and meadow communities. The Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods were used to estimate ET. The results of the analyses appear satisfactory when compared with other estimates of ET. Results by the eddy-correlation method are for a direct and a residual latent-heat flux that is based on sensible-heat flux and energy-budget measurements. Penman-combination potential-ET estimates were determined to be unusable because they overestimated actual ET. Modification of the psychrometer constant of this method to account for differences between heat-diffusion resistance and vapor-diffusion resistance permitted actual ET to be estimated. \r\n\r\nThe methods described in this report may be used for studies in similar semiarid and arid rangeland areas in the Western United States. Meteorological data for three field sites are included in the appendix of this report. Simple linear regression analysis indicates that ET estimates are correlated to air temperature, vapor-density deficit, and net radiation. Estimates of annual ET range from 301 millimeters at a low-density scrub site to 1,137 millimeters at a high-density meadow site. The monthly percentage of annual ET was determined to be similar for all sites studied.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2370E","usgsCitation":"Duell, L.F., 1990, Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2370, 39 p. Supercedes Open-file report 88-92, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2370E.","productDescription":"39 p. Supercedes Open-file report 88-92","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59629,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duell, Lowell F. W. Jr.","contributorId":81124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duell","given":"Lowell","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38495,"text":"pp1370H - 1990 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Evaluation of the regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T15:28:01","indexId":"pp1370H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1370","chapter":"H","title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Evaluation of the regions","docAbstract":"

Six regions in the Basin and Range province, ranging in size from 21,600 to 80,000 square kilometers, were evaluated to identify prospective hydrogeologic environments for isolation of high-level radioactive waste. Prospective hydrogeologic environments were evaluated on the basis of the surface distribution of potential host rocks, late Cenozoic tectonic activity, hydrogeologic characteristics, and mineral and energy resources. These regions were selected as prospective for this study from a screening of the Basin and Range province.

The six regions have certain characteristics that appear favorable for isolation of radioactive waste. The scant precipitation and great potential for water loss by evaporation and transpiration results in little surface runoff and ground-water recharge. This, combined with other hydrogeologic factors, results in areas within the regions that have thick unsaturated zones and long ground-water flow paths and traveltimes.

Potential host media in the unsaturated zone include crystalline rocks, volcanic rocks, and basin fill. Potential host media in the saturated zone are predominantly crystalline igneous rocks but also include argillaceous rocks, evaporitic rocks, intracaldera tuffs, and laharic breccias.

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S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, K. A.","contributorId":58630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29634,"text":"wri894159 - 1990 - A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri894159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4159","title":"A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model","docAbstract":"Many hydrologic studies of ground-water systems are conducted using a digital computer model as an aid to understanding the flow system. One of the most commonly used ground-water modeling programs is the Modular Three-Dimensional Ground-water Flow Model (Modular Model) by McDonald and Harbaugh. This report presents a computer program to summarize the data input to and output from the Modular Model. The program is named the Modular Model Statistical Processor and is designed to be run following the Modular Model.\r\nThe Modular Model Statistical Processor provides ground-water modelers with the capabilities to easily read data input to and output from the Modular Model, calculate descriptive statistics, generate histograms, perform logical tests using relational operators, calculate data arrays using arithmetic operators, and calculate flow vectors for use in a graphical-display program.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894159","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.C., 1990, A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4159, v. 218 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894159.","productDescription":"v. 218 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58454,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. 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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1370D","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Sargent, K.A., and Langer, W.H., 1990, Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste: Characterization of the Sonoran region, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1370, Report: vi, 40 p.; 6 Plates: 12.00 x 20.00 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1370D.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 40 p.; 6 Plates: 12.00 x 20.00 or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104614,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4824.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4824"},{"id":67305,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370d/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67304,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370d/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67303,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370d/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67302,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370d/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67301,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67300,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range province, Sonoran region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.7333,\n 31.9775\n ],\n [\n -112.5544,\n 31.9775\n ],\n [\n -112.5544,\n 36.1936\n ],\n [\n -114.7333,\n 36.1936\n ],\n [\n -114.7333,\n 31.9775\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a064","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, Marion S.","contributorId":75517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedinger","given":"Marion","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, K. A.","contributorId":58630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28594,"text":"wri904031 - 1990 - Effects of channel modifications on the hydrology of Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, 1975-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T11:42:32","indexId":"wri904031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4031","title":"Effects of channel modifications on the hydrology of Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, 1975-87","docAbstract":"Drainage modifications in this Coastal Plain basin from 1978 to 1981 consisted of channel excavation and clearing of blockages. A study was begun in 1975 to define hydrologic conditions of the basin before, during, and after modifications and to determine what changes were attributed to modifications. Surface-water conditions were altered during and following modifications. Minimum flow at Juniper Branch was increased from less than 0.1 cu ft/sec to 0.4 cu ft/second;streamflow variability was reduced from an index of 0.87 to 0.49. In-channel velocity at Chicod Creek was increased from a mean of 0.4 ft/sec to 1.5 ft/sec. Substantial groundwater level declines were observed in wells 180 and 250 ft from Juniper Branch during the modifications phase;these were 0.4 and 0.2 ft, respectively. However, most surface-water and groundwater conditions returned nearly to premodification levels by 1987. Water-quality characteristics monitored during the investigation included physical, chemical, and bacteriological characteristics. Physical characteristics monitored were suspended sediment, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Of these physical characteristics, only sediment concentrations increased substantially during channel modifications. Chemical characteristics studied were major dissolved constituents, nutrients, trace metals, and pesticides. Substantial changes ranged from a decline in total iron concentrations of 77% to an increase in total nitrite concentrations of 130%. Changes in many chemical characteristics persisted following channel modifications. Bacterial counts did not change substantially.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904031","usgsCitation":"Mason, R., Simmons, C., and Watkins, S., 1990, Effects of channel modifications on the hydrology of Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, 1975-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4031, vii, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904031.","productDescription":"vii, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4031/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Chicod Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.167724609375,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -78.167724609375,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -76.86035156249999,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -76.86035156249999,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -78.167724609375,\n 35.55010533588552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6234c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, R.R. Jr.","contributorId":71590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, C.E.","contributorId":32572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watkins, S.A.","contributorId":83962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26711,"text":"wri904122 - 1990 - Hydrology and land use in Grand Traverse County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T10:33:48","indexId":"wri904122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4122","title":"Hydrology and land use in Grand Traverse County, Michigan","docAbstract":"

Glacial deposits are the sole source of ground-water supplies in Grand Traverse County. These deposits range in thickness from 100 to 900 feet and consist of till, outwash, and materials of lacustrine and eolian origin. In some areas, the deposits fill buried valleys that are 500 feet deep. Sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic age, which underlie the glacial deposits, are mostly shale and are not used for water supply.

Of the glacial deposits, outwash and lacustrine sand are the most productive aquifers. Most domestic wells obtain water from sand and gravel at depths ranging from 50 to 150 feet and yield at least 20 gallons per minute. Irrigation, municipal, and industrial wells capable of yielding 250 gallons per minute or more are generally greater than 150 feet deep. At places in the county where moranial deposits contain large amounts of interbedded silt and clay, wells are generally deeper and yields are much lower.

Areal variations in the chemical and physical characteristics of ground and surface water are related to land use and chemical inputs to the hydrologic system. Information on fertilizer application, septic-tank discharges, animal wastes, and precipitation indicate that 40 percent of nitrogen input is from precipitation, 6 percent from septic tanks, 14 percent from animal wastes, and 40 percent from fertilizers.

Streams and lakes generally have a calcium bicarbonate-type water. The dissolved-solids concentration of streams ranged from 116 to 380 milligrams per liter, and that of lakes, from 47 to 170 milligrams per liter. Water of streams is hard to very hard; water of lakes ranges from soft to hard. The maximum total nitrogen concentration found in streams was 4.4 milligrams per liter. Water of lakes have low nitrogen concentrations; the median nitrate concentration is less than 0.01 milligrams per liter. Pesticides (Parathion and Simazine) were detected in low concentrations at six stream sites; 2,4-D was detected in low concentrations in water of two lakes. Relationships between land use and the yield of dissolved and suspended substances could not be established for most stream basins.

Calcium and bicarbonate are the principal dissolved substances in ground water. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 70 to 700 milligrams per liter; the countywide mean concentration is 230 milligrams per liter. The mean nitrate concentration is 1.3 milligrams per liter; about 1.6 percent of the county's ground water has nitrate concentrations that exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum drinking water level of 10 milligrams per liter. An effect of fertilizer applications on ground-water quality is evident in some parts of the county.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri904122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Grand Traverse County and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Division","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T., Gillespie, J., and Grannemann, N., 1990, Hydrology and land use in Grand Traverse County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4122, Document: viii, 99 p.; 3 Plates: 26.93 x 38.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904122.","productDescription":"Document: viii, 99 p.; 3 Plates: 26.93 x 38.31 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55581,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55582,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55583,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55584,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Grand Traverse County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.3317,44.8158],[-85.3363,44.512],[-85.4567,44.5116],[-85.5804,44.5116],[-85.6956,44.5124],[-85.8205,44.5117],[-85.8184,44.5988],[-85.816,44.7744],[-85.6938,44.7738],[-85.6385,44.7729],[-85.6321,44.7679],[-85.6245,44.7665],[-85.6136,44.7641],[-85.6071,44.7663],[-85.5994,44.7658],[-85.5942,44.7676],[-85.5948,44.7713],[-85.5948,44.7736],[-85.5881,44.7941],[-85.5794,44.8159],[-85.5774,44.8191],[-85.5748,44.8209],[-85.5716,44.8227],[-85.5644,44.8322],[-85.5577,44.8477],[-85.5518,44.8591],[-85.5485,44.8627],[-85.5362,44.8717],[-85.5335,44.8781],[-85.5321,44.8845],[-85.5333,44.8886],[-85.5314,44.8909],[-85.5268,44.8931],[-85.5274,44.8986],[-85.5306,44.8991],[-85.5351,44.8991],[-85.5428,44.8992],[-85.5493,44.8988],[-85.5512,44.8974],[-85.5513,44.8956],[-85.5533,44.8924],[-85.5565,44.8888],[-85.5591,44.8883],[-85.5661,44.8929],[-85.5648,44.8984],[-85.5596,44.8993],[-85.5589,44.9011],[-85.5537,44.9061],[-85.5393,44.9197],[-85.5308,44.9292],[-85.53,44.9452],[-85.526,44.9497],[-85.5199,44.9707],[-85.5173,44.9743],[-85.5108,44.9765],[-85.5004,44.9801],[-85.4952,44.986],[-85.4874,44.9901],[-85.4803,44.9909],[-85.4745,44.99],[-85.4719,44.9881],[-85.4688,44.9794],[-85.4653,44.9593],[-85.4672,44.9584],[-85.4814,44.9608],[-85.4859,44.959],[-85.4879,44.9567],[-85.4873,44.9554],[-85.4867,44.949],[-85.4861,44.9439],[-85.4875,44.9398],[-85.4875,44.9389],[-85.4895,44.9339],[-85.4922,44.9285],[-85.4928,44.9262],[-85.4916,44.9207],[-85.4898,44.9166],[-85.4885,44.9143],[-85.4918,44.912],[-85.4925,44.9075],[-85.4906,44.902],[-85.49,44.8979],[-85.4934,44.8901],[-85.4941,44.8869],[-85.4929,44.8828],[-85.4935,44.8796],[-85.4988,44.8737],[-85.495,44.866],[-85.4977,44.8591],[-85.4984,44.8578],[-85.5082,44.8464],[-85.5296,44.8384],[-85.5569,44.8135],[-85.559,44.8062],[-85.5598,44.7925],[-85.5592,44.7866],[-85.5606,44.782],[-85.5697,44.7711],[-85.5698,44.7693],[-85.5737,44.7648],[-85.5744,44.762],[-85.5738,44.7575],[-85.5649,44.7528],[-85.5559,44.7514],[-85.5341,44.7476],[-85.5283,44.7498],[-85.5217,44.7584],[-85.5068,44.7688],[-85.5067,44.7716],[-85.5053,44.7812],[-85.5097,44.7857],[-85.5077,44.7907],[-85.5071,44.793],[-85.5024,44.8017],[-85.4966,44.8057],[-85.492,44.8084],[-85.4875,44.8102],[-85.4856,44.8107],[-85.4817,44.8138],[-85.4719,44.817],[-85.4615,44.8265],[-85.4587,44.8387],[-85.4528,44.8478],[-85.4501,44.8551],[-85.4443,44.8596],[-85.3831,44.8591],[-85.3787,44.8518],[-85.3763,44.844],[-85.3706,44.8353],[-85.3624,44.8284],[-85.3572,44.827],[-85.3489,44.8265],[-85.3387,44.8227],[-85.3317,44.8158]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Grand Traverse\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummings, T. R.","contributorId":104082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillespie, J.L.","contributorId":67927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":47737,"text":"wri904125 - 1990 - Elevation of water table and hydrologic conditions in the Rio Lapa to Rio Majada area, Puerto Rico, for December 1988, and April, July, and October 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-21T08:26:26","indexId":"wri904125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4125","title":"Elevation of water table and hydrologic conditions in the Rio Lapa to Rio Majada area, Puerto Rico, for December 1988, and April, July, and October 1989","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

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Since 1950, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has estimated water use in the United States at 5-year intervals.  Resulting reports tabulate water use by State and by water-resources region (major river basins) for a number of categories, such as irrigation, water supply, and industrial.  In 1977, the USGS began the National Water-Use Information Program, designed to be a National source of accurate, consistent water-use data.  The water-use project in Texas is part of the National Water-Use Information Program.  The Texas District of the USGS compiles water-use information by county and by hydrologic unit using data collected by States agencies.  A hydrologic unit is a geographic area representing part or all of a surface drainage basin, a combination of drainage basins, or a distinct hydrologic feature.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lurry, Dee L.","contributorId":10766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lurry","given":"Dee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Nancy L. 0000-0002-2952-5017 nlbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5017","contributorId":3679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Nancy","email":"nlbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44816,"text":"wri894085 - 1990 - Potentiometric surface of the Kings Hill aquifer and hydrologic conditions in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-07T21:41:06.96091","indexId":"wri894085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4085","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Kings Hill aquifer and hydrologic conditions in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 1987","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894085","usgsCitation":"Torres-Gonzalez, S., and Rodriguez-del-Rio, F., 1990, Potentiometric surface of the Kings Hill aquifer and hydrologic conditions in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4085, 1 Plate: 37.60 × 21.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894085.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.60 × 21.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82152,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47193.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"U.S. Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"St Croix","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.9167,\n 17.6667\n ],\n [\n -64.6667,\n 17.6667\n ],\n [\n -64.6667,\n 17.8\n ],\n [\n -64.9167,\n 17.8\n ],\n [\n -64.9167,\n 17.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres-Gonzalez, Sigfredo sttorres@usgs.gov","contributorId":3997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Gonzalez","given":"Sigfredo","email":"sttorres@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez-del-Rio, Felix","contributorId":81958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-del-Rio","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26407,"text":"wri904009 - 1990 - Regional evaluation of hydrologic factors and effects of pumping, St Peter-Jordan aquifer, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T21:38:06.81929","indexId":"wri904009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4009","title":"Regional evaluation of hydrologic factors and effects of pumping, St Peter-Jordan aquifer, Iowa","docAbstract":"

The St. Peter-Jordan aquifer includes the Cambrian Jordan Sandstone and the overlying Ordovician Prairie du Chien Group and St. Peter Sandstone. The aquifer is present throughout Iowa and is confined beneath other aquifers in much of the State. Information on the aquifer available from drillers and contractors, provided estimates of aquifer transmissivity values ranging from about 500 to about 3,000 square feet per day. The largest transmissivity values are for dolomite and dolomite-cemented sandstone, indicating that permeability in much of the aquifer is due to secondary fractures. The aquifer is vertically bounded by an upper leaky confining unit with a vertical hydraulic conductivity of 10-10 feet per second.

\n

The aquifer was simulated using a two-layer finite-difference ground-water flow model. The upper layer simulated a source bed in aquifers composed of Silurian and Devonian rocks overlying the St. Peter-Jordan aquifer. The lower layer simulated flow in the St. Peter-Jordan aquifer. Lateral boundaries assigned in the model include constant heads in northeastern Iowa, where the aquifer is in contact with the Mississippi River or is unconfined, and no-flow boundaries in western and northwestern Iowa, where the rocks are insufficiently permeable to form an aquifer. The aquifer boundaries to the north, east, and south of Iowa were determined by geohydrologic conditions and the relation of the St. Peter-Jordan aquifer with the lateral extent of adjacent aquifers.

\n

An assumption that the largest part of recharge to the aquifer is from outcrop areas in northeastern Iowa and from Minnesota is not supported by the results of this study. Vertical leakage from overlying rocks accounted for most of the recharge to the aquifer in northwestern Iowa. Discharge is mostly through lateral boundaries and to rivers.

\n

Pumping has caused changes in the flow system that include regional declines in the potentiometric surface of the aquifer. Simulation indicates that pumping through 1980 increased net vertical leakage into the aquifer to about double the predevelopment rate. Discharge across lateral boundaries has been substantially reduced or reversed by pumping. Aquifer storage provided about one-third of the water required to supply pumping in the 1970's. Simulation of future conditions, assuming no increase in pumping rates, indicates that the rate of decline in water levels will decrease by the year 2020. As equilibrium with pumping is approached in 2020, 75 percent of the pumpage will be balanced by vertical leakage, eight percent by water released from aquifer storage, and 17 percent by increases in boundary recharge or decreases in boundary discharge. Future pumping at an increasing rate of about 10 percent per decade of the average pumping rate in 1975 will require about one and one-half times the vertical leakage of the 1971-1980 period and about fivetimes the net inflow from lateral boundaries; however, the rate of water released from aquifer storage will be about half the 1970's rate. Under these conditions, the head in the aquifer will continue to decline at an almost constant rate until 2020.

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