More than a third of the gold produced by the United States was mined in California. The bulk of this gold was recovered from the western slope of the northern half of the Sierra Nevada between the Merced River in the south and the Feather River to the north, a distance of about 170 mi. Gold was first discovered, in this region, on the American River at Coloma in 1848, triggering the famed California gold rush. Mining was continuously active, somewhere in the area, from the discovery of gold until World War II when mining was legally prohibited. Dramatic increases in gold prices in the past decade coupled with recent advances in extractive techniques have revitalized prospecting, and major deposits are currently being explored and developed.
\nGold has been found in a variety of geologic environments in the region. In addition to production from the complex vein systems of the historically famous Mother Lode and associated East Gold Belt and West Gold Belt, large amounts of gold have also been recovered from the Grass Valley-Nevada City and other isolated lode districts and from Tertiary river channels and Quaternary alluvium.
\nThis oblique map illustrates the relation of the different gold-bearing environments to each other and to the general terrain of the northern Sierra Nevada. The map was derived from the 1970 U.S. Geological Survey 1:500,000-scale topographic map of California and the 1976 U.S. Geological Survey 1:500,000-scale topographic map of Nevada, using an isometrograph, a mechanical instrument that produces an oblique framework by tracing individual contours. Form lines sketched over this framework graphically portray the physiographic configuration of the region. Relief on the oblique map has a 3:1 vertical exaggeration and appears as if viewed from a 30° angle above the horizon.
\nLocations of lode gold prospects and mines shown on the map were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS), a computerized mineral-resource information file, and plotted in their respective locations (D.F. Huber, written commun., 1986). Some locations from two northern counties, missing from the MRDS retrival, were added. The twenty lode mines believed to be the most productive are cited in table 1. A total of nearly 4,000 sites, including both prospects and mines, were initially plotted, but about a third of those were obscured by topography on the oblique map. Locations of Tertiary river channels and gold-dredging fields were taken from published general references modified by examining specific sources and by cursory field examination. Seven of the major dredge fields are identified in table 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1981","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., Dodge, F.C., and Bliss, J.D., 1987, Oblique map of the northern Sierra Nevada, California, showing location of gold-bearing areas: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1981, 1 Plate: 47.11 x 31.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1981.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 47.11 x 31.51 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1981.PNG"},{"id":486611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5566.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327579,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1981/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 36.6833\n ],\n [\n -118.5583,\n 36.683\n ],\n [\n -118.5583,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69659d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, T. R.","contributorId":20715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, F. C. W.","contributorId":18755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bliss, J. D.","contributorId":25564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30213,"text":"wri874013 - 1987 - Potential for pollution of the Upper Floridan aquifer from five sinkholes and an internally drained basin in west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri874013","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4013","title":"Potential for pollution of the Upper Floridan aquifer from five sinkholes and an internally drained basin in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Sinkholes are natural and common geologic features in west-central Florida, which is underlain by water soluble limestone deposits. Dissolution of these deposits is the fundamental cause of sinkhole development. Sinkholes and other karst features are more pronounced in the northern part of the study area, but sinkhole activity has occurred throughout the area. Fifty-eight sinkholes with known or suspected connection to the Upper Floridan aquifer are located in the study area. An internally drained basin near the city of Brandon and five sinkholes in Hillsborough, Pasco, and Hernando Counties were selected for detailed investigation. At all sites, chemical or biological constituents were detected that indicate pollutants had entered the aquifer. A generalized classification, based on the potential to pollute, was applied to the selected sites. Four of the sites have high potential and two have moderate potential to pollute the Upper Floridan aquifer. All of the sites investigated are capable of recharging large volumes of water to the Upper Floridan aquifer in short periods of time. Continued monitoring of the quality of water entering the sinkholes and of wells downgradient to the sinks is needed to assess the future impacts on the aquifer. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874013","usgsCitation":"Trommer, J., 1987, Potential for pollution of the Upper Floridan aquifer from five sinkholes and an internally drained basin in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4013, vii, 103 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874013.","productDescription":"vii, 103 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59000,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6835ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trommer, J.T.","contributorId":28248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trommer","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28760,"text":"wri874109 - 1987 - Geohydrology and susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination in Alabama; area 7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T19:31:17.427544","indexId":"wri874109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4109","title":"Geohydrology and susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination in Alabama; area 7","docAbstract":"The geohydrology and susceptibility of the seven major aquifers to surface contamination in Area 7 - Bibb, Dallas, Hale, Perry, and Wilcox Counties, are described. Aquifers in the northern part of the study area are in Paleozoic limestones and dolomite formations. Deposits in the central part of the study area are predominately of Cretaceous age and contain the Coker, Gordo, and Eutaw aquifers. Although the southern part of the study area has many deposits of Tertiary age, the Ripley Formation of Cretaceous age is the major aquifer. Contamination of any of the major aquifers is improbable because the majority of the recharge area for the primary aquifers is woodland, pasture, or farmland. Downdip from their outcrops, the major aquifers in the study area are protected from land surface contamination by relatively impermeable layers of clay and chalk. The aquifers that are highly susceptible to contamination are the ones in the limestone and dolomite formations in northern Bibb County. Sinkholes exist in the recharge area of these formations and could provide a direct link for contaminates from the land surface to the water table. An area northeast of the Selma well field is also highly susceptible to contamination. The Eutaw Formation in this area is overlain by alluvial deposits that could increase recharge to the aquifer by slowing the runoff rate of surface water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874109","usgsCitation":"Mooty, W., 1987, Geohydrology and susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination in Alabama; area 7: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4109, Report: v, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 15.00 × 20.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874109.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 15.00 × 20.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57630,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57629,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4109/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4109/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110240,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46776.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"46776"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.7917,\n 31.8194\n ],\n [\n -86.7875,\n 31.8194\n ],\n [\n -86.7875,\n 33.2167\n ],\n [\n -87.7917,\n 33.2167\n ],\n [\n -87.7917,\n 31.8194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooty, W. S.","contributorId":55837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooty","given":"W. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29001,"text":"wri874154 - 1987 - Geophysical well log analysis of fractured granitic rocks at Atikokan, Ontario, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri874154","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4154","title":"Geophysical well log analysis of fractured granitic rocks at Atikokan, Ontario, Canada","docAbstract":"Two boreholes, drilled to approximate depths of 750 and 1,260 m in a granitic intrusion located near Atikokan, Ontario, were studied by obtaining a full suite of conventional borehole geophysical logs. In addition, selected intervals in these boreholes were logged with a borehole acoustic televiewer that produces a high-resolution image of the borehole wall, an acoustic waveform-logging system using 34-kiloHertz magnetostrictive and 5-kiloHertz sparker sources, and a highly sensitive heat-pulse flowmeter. Emphasis was on identifying and characterizing fracture zones that represent groundwater conduits in deeper portions of the granite, and on characterizing the properties of the largest intervals of unfractured granite. Major fracture zones were indicated by correlating geophysical log anomalies detected on the suite of conventional logs (unpublished data from Atomic Energy of Canada). However, several other anomalies, were identified as mafic intrusions of approximately the same thickness as major fracture zones. Geophysical log anomalies were compared for all major fracture zones that could serve as significant groundwater conduits, and fracture zone permeability is estimated on the basis of acoustic tube-wave attenuation in these intervals. Acoustic televiewer logs obtained at depths below 1,000 m in the deeper well indicate that most of the few fractures identified on core at these depths do not remain open enough under in situ conditions to produce detectable anomalies in acoustic refraction. Flowmeter data indicate that some groundwater circulation occurs in the upper portion of both boreholes. Water in the shallower of the two holes was observed to flow at 2.0 L/min; most of this flow entered the borehole at a depth < 25 m, and no flow occurred below a depth of 100 m. Downflow at rates < 0.5 L/min was determined to enter the deeper borehole within 20 m of the surface, and to exist at various fractures down to a depth of 250 m. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874154","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., and Hess, A., 1987, Geophysical well log analysis of fractured granitic rocks at Atikokan, Ontario, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4154, iv, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874154.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57868,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, A.E.","contributorId":71979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12300,"text":"ofr87752 - 1987 - South Dakota ground-water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr87752","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-752","title":"South Dakota ground-water quality","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87752","usgsCitation":"Koch, N., Lawrence, S., Goodman, J., and Pirner, S., 1987, South Dakota ground-water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-752, iv, 8 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87752.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0752/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40528,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0752/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, N.C.","contributorId":67529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, S.J.","contributorId":67922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodman, Jeanne","contributorId":27741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"Jeanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pirner, S.M.","contributorId":50399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pirner","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28490,"text":"wri864191 - 1987 - Flooding of December 29, 1984 through January 2, 1985, in northern New York State, with flood profiles of the Black and Salmon rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri864191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4191","title":"Flooding of December 29, 1984 through January 2, 1985, in northern New York State, with flood profiles of the Black and Salmon rivers","docAbstract":"Precipitation, snowmelt, and resultant flooding throughout northern New York from December 28 through January 2, 1985, were investigated through a detailed analysis of 56 precipitation stations, 101 stage and/or discharge gaging stations, and 9 miscellaneous measurement sites. Flood damage to property and roads and bridges exceeded $5 million. Lewis and Oswego Counties were declared Federal disaster areas, primarily a result of flooding of the Black River and Salmon River. Storm-precipitation and runoff maps show the storms ' greatest intensity to have been over the Tug Hill and southwest Adirondack areas. Total rainfall from December 28 through January 2 was 6.90 inches at Stillwater Reservoir but only 0.69 inches at Lake Placid. New peak discharges of record occurred at 17 gaging stations throughout northern New York, and the maximum discharge at 17 sites had recurrence intervals equal to or greater than 100 years. Computed inflows to 11 major lakes and reservoirs in northern New York indicate that significant volumes of water (as much as 5 inches of storm runoff at Stillwater Reservoir) were stored during the storm-runoff period. Maximum 1-day flood volumes at two gaging stations on the Black River had recurrence intervals greater than 100 years. To help evaluate the extent of flooding, 67 floodmarks were obtained along a 94-mile reach of the Black River from Dexter to Forestport, and several floodmarks were surveyed within major communities along the Salmon River. The floodmarks were obtained primarily near major bridges and dams along these rivers. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864191","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., Burke, P.M., and Johnston, W.H., 1987, Flooding of December 29, 1984 through January 2, 1985, in northern New York State, with flood profiles of the Black and Salmon rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4191, v, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864191.","productDescription":"v, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57288,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, P. M.","contributorId":8478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, W. H.","contributorId":19960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28475,"text":"wri874085 - 1987 - Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri874085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4085","title":"Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Three models of the aquifer in the southern High Plains were compared to determine the effect of grid size on simulated water levels. The first model, calibrated prior to this study, had 10-mi grid spacing. The mean difference between the simulated and measured pre-development water levels in this model was +0.28 ft with a standard deviation of 25.8 ft. The second model, calibrated during this study independently of the first model, had 5-mi grid spacing. The mean difference between the simulated and measured pre-development water levels was -0.01 ft with a standard deviation of 44.4 ft. For 1980 water levels, the mean difference was +8.22 ft with a standard deviation of 27.9 ft. The results from the first and second models were compared. The standard deviation of the differences in simulated water levels was 19.0 ft for the pre-development period and 21.8 ft for 1980. There appeared to be no hydrologic significance to the pattern of the differences. A third model, constructed by aggregating the data from the second model, had 10-mi grid spacing. The mean difference in simulated pre-development water levels between the second and third models was +0.86 ft with a standard deviation of 8.9 ft. For the 1980 water levels, the mean difference between the models was +0.39 ft with a standard deviation of 4.4 ft. The study found that the same hydrologic conclusions would have been reached had 5-mi grid spacing or 10-mi grid spacing been used. It was further concluded that the difference in simulated water levels between models with 5-mi grid spacing or 10-mi grid spacing was five to six times smaller than the differences between the simulated and measured water levels. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874085","usgsCitation":"Luckey, R.R., and Stephens, D., 1987, Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4085, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874085.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62565e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D.M.","contributorId":42970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28874,"text":"wri844165 - 1987 - Hydrogeology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system at a test well in northeastern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri844165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4165","title":"Hydrogeology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system at a test well in northeastern Illinois","docAbstract":"A 3,475-ft-deep test well was drilled in northeastern Illinois near Lake Michigan and the Illinois-Wisconsin State line as part of a regional hydrologic study of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer. The well penetrates the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system and 40 ft of Precambrian granite. From oldest to youngest the aquifer system consists of the lower Mount Simon aquifer, Mount Simon confining unit, Elmhurst-Mount Simon aquifer, Eau Claire confining unit, Ironton-Galesville aquifer, Franconia confining unit, St. Peter aquifer, and an upper confining unit composed of the Glenwood Formation, Galena Dolomite and Platteville Limestone, and Maquoketa Shale. Aquifer tests were performed on hydrogeologic units that were isolated with inflatable packers. Results indicate that the Ironton-Galesville aquifer has the highest hydraulic conductivity - 10 ft/day. The St. Peter and Elmhurst-Mount Simon aquifers have hydraulic conductivities of 1.8 and 1.5 ft/day, respectively. The Mount Simon confining bed has a hydraulic conductivity of 1.3 ft/day. The Mount Simon confining unit confines saline water present in the lower Mount Simon aquifer. The dissolved solids concentration in water from this aquifer is > than 55,000 mg/L, and the head is at least 50 ft higher than heads in any of the overlying Cambrian and Ordovician aquifers. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri844165","usgsCitation":"Nicholas, J., Sherrill, M., and Young, H.L., 1987, Hydrogeology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system at a test well in northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4165, v, 30 p . :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844165.","productDescription":"v, 30 p . :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57749,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrill, M.G.","contributorId":19945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrill","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, H. L.","contributorId":23922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28457,"text":"wri824117 - 1987 - Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri824117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4117","title":"Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Quantity of runoff and peak discharge from one small basin in the White Tail Butte area, determined from a calibrated rainfall-runoff model, is less than the quantity computed using results of a regional study. The difference is caused by the extensive beds of exposed, permeable clinker in the area. Potentiometric surfaces in the White Tail Butte area indicate that, regionally, it is a discharge area. This is consistent with the conceptual model developed elsewhere in Campbell County , Wyo. The chemical quality of water from springs and alluvium, however, is characteristic of water found in recharge areas, so movement of water in the regional system is apparently small compared to local recharge. If surface coal mining occurs in the area, the principal adverse impact to the groundwater system would be the destruction of springs and seeps in the mined area. These could be restored with special reclamation procedures. There are adequate quantities of water of suitable quality for stock or domestic use below the coal so postreclamation supplies could be obtained. Impacts of surface mining on runoff could not be evaluated, but sensitivity of runoff to infiltration indicates a 10% change in runoff for a 1% change in infiltration. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824117","usgsCitation":"Lowry, M., and Rankl, J., 1987, Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4117, v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824117.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowry, M.E.","contributorId":55807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankl, J.G.","contributorId":107733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3732,"text":"cir1009 - 1987 - Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir1009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1009","title":"Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane","docAbstract":"Published literature on the application of the finite-element method to solving the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane is reviewed in this report. The finite-element method is ideally suited to modeling two-dimensional flow over complex topography with spatially variable resistance. A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water flow model with depth and vertically averaged velocity components as dependent variables allows the user great flexibility in defining geometric features such as the boundaries of a water body, channels, islands, dikes, and embankments. \r\n\r\nThe following topics are reviewed in this report: alternative formulations of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane; basic concepts of the finite-element method; discretization of the flow domain and representation of the dependent flow variables; treatment of boundary conditions; discretization of the time domain; methods for modeling bottom, surface, and lateral stresses; approaches to solving systems of nonlinear equations; techniques for solving systems of linear equations; finite-element alternatives to Galerkin's method of weighted residuals; techniques of model validation; and preparation of model input data. References are listed in the final chapter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1009","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., and Froehlich, D.C., 1987, Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1009, vi, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1009.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/1009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30793,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/1009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3731,"text":"cir858C - 1987 - Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America: A listing of deposits by commodity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T06:50:54","indexId":"cir858C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"858","chapter":"C","title":"Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America: A listing of deposits by commodity","docAbstract":"The 4,215 ore deposits shown on the Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America and contained in the Metallogenic Map file have been sorted by their principal (first-listed) commodities and grouped into metallic and nonmetallic categories. Deposit listings for 56 individual metals and minerals have been assembled using the data base and are arranged alphabetically by country, political subdivision (for the larger countries), and deposit name. Map numbers, major and minor constituents, geographic coordinates, and a geologic code are given for each deposit; additionally, the relative size and deposit class have been derived from the code and are listed separately. \r\n\r\nThe frequencies of individual commodities and commodity groups by type, geographic distribution, and geologic occurrence are summarized in tables, and the relationships of associated commodities to principal commodities in the data base are emphasized in both tables and brief texts. \r\n\r\nIn all, 49 metals and minerals are listed as principal (first or only) commodities and 7 more are shown as 'major' but not principal commodities. (Commodities listed as 'minor' in the data base were not sorted or tabulated separately.) Metals, divided into six subgroups, predominate over nonmetallic minerals by a ratio of about 7 to 1, although in terms of quantities and value the disparity is not so great. Within the metals group, the ranking according to frequency is as follows: base, precious, iron and alloying, other (antimony, beryllium, and others), nuclear-fuel, and light metals. \r\n\r\nThe most frequently occurring commodity in the Metallogenic Map file is gold. Copper is ranked second, both in number of occurrences and as the principal commodity in deposits. Silver is ranked third in frequency of occurrence; lead and zinc are ranked fourth and fifth, respectively. Iron, ranked sixth in frequency of occurrence as a major commodity, is the third most reported principal commodity in the data base, ahead of silver (ranked fourth), lead (ranked fifth), and zinc (ranked sixth).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/cir858C","issn":"03646017","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.P., Guild, P.W., and Schruben, P.G., 1987, Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America: A listing of deposits by commodity: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 858, iv, 138 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir858C.","productDescription":"iv, 138 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30792,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0858c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0858c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c99a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Michael P.","contributorId":81890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guild, Philip White","contributorId":94285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"White","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schruben, Paul G.","contributorId":38974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":36221,"text":"b1802 - 1987 - Evaluating coinciding anomalies along a fault trace or other traverse; simulations and statistical procedures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:41","indexId":"b1802","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1802","title":"Evaluating coinciding anomalies along a fault trace or other traverse; simulations and statistical procedures","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1802","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., and Krystinik, K.B., 1987, Evaluating coinciding anomalies along a fault trace or other traverse; simulations and statistical procedures: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1802, iii, 12 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1802.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1802/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64169,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1802/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krystinik, Katherine B.","contributorId":77989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krystinik","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29009,"text":"wri864190 - 1987 - Calibration of a dissolved-solids model for the Yampa River basin between Steamboat Springs and Maybell, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri864190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4190","title":"Calibration of a dissolved-solids model for the Yampa River basin between Steamboat Springs and Maybell, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The cumulative effects of changes in dissolved solids from a number of coal mines are needed to evaluate effects on downstream water use. A model for determining cumulative effects of streamflow, dissolved-solids concentration, and dissolved-solids load was calibrated for the Yampa River and its tributaries in northwestern Colorado. The model uses accounting principles. It establishes nodes on the stream system and sums water quantity and quality from node to node in the downstream direction. The model operates on a monthly time step for the study period that includes water years 1976 through 1981. Output is monthly mean streamflow, dissolved-solids concentration, and dissolved-solids load. Streamflow and dissolved-solids data from streamflow-gaging stations and other data-collection sites were used to define input data sets to initiate and to calibrate the model. The model was calibrated at four nodes and generally was within 10 percent of the observed values. The calibrated model can compute changes in dissolved-solids concentration or load resulting from the cumulative effects of new coal mines or the expansion of old coal mines in the Yampa River basin. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864190","usgsCitation":"Parker, R.S., and Litke, D.W., 1987, Calibration of a dissolved-solids model for the Yampa River basin between Steamboat Springs and Maybell, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4190, v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864190.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4190/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57875,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litke, D. W.","contributorId":94346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4007,"text":"cir954 - 1987 - Core index, a numerical core-logging procedure for estimating rock quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir954","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"954","title":"Core index, a numerical core-logging procedure for estimating rock quality","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir954","usgsCitation":"Ege, J.R., 1987, Core index, a numerical core-logging procedure for estimating rock quality: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 954, iii, 15 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir954.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0954/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31092,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0954/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ege, John R.","contributorId":69534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ege","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61563,"text":"mf1648B - 1987 - Geochemical map of the Pond Mountain and Pond Mountain Addition Roadless Areas, Carter County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:38:17","indexId":"mf1648B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1648","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical map of the Pond Mountain and Pond Mountain Addition Roadless Areas, Carter County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"In the spring of 1980, K. A. Duttweiler, J. W. Whitlow, and W. R. Griffitts of the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a reconnaissance geochemical survey of the Pond Mountain and Pond Mountain Addition Roadless Areas. The purpose of the study was to determine the geochemical nature of the study area as part of the mineral resource assessment. This report presents a brief summary of the geochemistry of the study area. The evaluation of the mineral resource potential is covered in a separate report (Griffitts, Bitar, and Chatman, in press).
\nThe Pond Mountain and Pond Mountain Addition Road less Areas encompass 6,668 acres in the Cherokee National Forest in northeastern Tennessee. They are approximately 7 mi southeast of Elizabethton, and 1 mi east of Hampton, Tenn. (fig. 1).
\nThe study area is fairly accessible by U.S Highway 321 north of the area and Forest Service Route 50 along the southern boundary. Relief is moderate, but the vegetation is very thick in most places.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1648B","usgsCitation":"Duttweiler, K., Griffitts, W.R., Cooley, E., and Whitlow, J.W., 1987, Geochemical map of the Pond Mountain and Pond Mountain Addition Roadless Areas, Carter County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1648, 57.34 x 38.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1648B.","productDescription":"57.34 x 38.04 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1648B.JPG"},{"id":327602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1648-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Carter County","otherGeospatial":"Pond Mountain and Pond Mountain Addition Roadless Areas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.2,36.25 ], [ -82.2,36.3675 ], [ -82,36.3675 ], [ -82,36.25 ], [ -82.2,36.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duttweiler, K.A.","contributorId":68310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duttweiler","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffitts, W. R.","contributorId":10428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooley, E.F.","contributorId":83072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlow, J. W.","contributorId":63810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28363,"text":"wri864124 - 1987 - User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri864124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4124","title":"User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water","docAbstract":"Dissolved solids in surface water are an important indicator of overall water quality. Ordinarily, dissolved-solids concentrations and loads are estimated by indirect methods that are based on periodic chemical analyses. Three computer programs , FLAGIT, DVCOND, and SLOAD, were developed to provide a consistent and accurate method of estimating dissolved-solids concentrations and loads. FLAGIT retrieves daily values of specific conductance and discharge and periodic water quality analyses from the U.S. Geologic Survey 's National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System data base, deletes incomplete data, and flags possible data errors. DVCOND fills in missing daily values of specific conductance, when appropriate, by linear interpolation. Using water quality data, SLOAD computes 3 yr moving regressions of dissolved-solids loads as a function of specific conductance and discharge. SLOAD then applies the regression coefficients to the daily values data to estimate daily dissolved-solids loads that are summed by month and by year. Separate regressions are used to estimate the mass fractions of six major ions. The theoretical basis and underlying assumptions of the procedures are presented, with documentation of the programs and their use. 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