Species are frequently responding to contemporary climate change by shifting to higher elevations and poleward to track suitable climate space. However, depending on local conditions and species’ sensitivity, the nature of these shifts can be highly variable and difficult to predict. Here, we examine how the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a philopatric, montane lagomorph, responds to climatic gradients at three spatial scales. Using mixed-effects modeling in an information-theoretic approach, we evaluated a priori model suites regarding predictors of site occupancy, relative abundance, and elevational-range retraction across 760 talus patches, nested within 64 watersheds across the Northern Rocky Mountains of North America, during 2017–2020. The top environmental predictors differed across these response metrics. Warmer temperatures in summer and winter were associated with lower occupancy, lower relative abundances, and greater elevational retraction across watersheds. Occupancy was also strongly influenced by habitat patch size, but only when combined with climate metrics such as actual evapotranspiration. Using a second analytical approach, acute heat stress and summer precipitation best explained retraction residuals (i.e., the relative extent of retraction given the original elevational range of occupancy). Despite the study domain occurring near the species’ geographic-range center, where populations might have higher abundances and be at lower risk of climate-related stress, 33.9% of patches showed evidence of recent extirpations. Pika-extirpated sites averaged 1.44℃ warmer in summer than did occupied sites. Additionally, the minimum elevation of pika occupancy has retracted upslope in 69% of watersheds (mean: 281 m). Our results emphasize the nuance associated with evaluating species’ range dynamics in response to climate gradients, variability, and temperature exceedances, especially in regions where species occupy gradients of conditions that may constitute multiple range edges. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of evaluating diverse drivers across response metrics to improve the predictive accuracy of widely used, correlative models.
We show that a fixed smartphone network can provide robust Earthquake Early Warning for at least two orders of magnitude less cost than scientific-grade networks. Our software and cloud-based data architecture that we have constructed for the Alerta Sismica Temprana Utilizando Teléfonos Inteligentes (ASTUTI; Earthquake Early Warning Utilizing Smartphones) network in Costa Rica is easily scaled and exported. Implementation comprises provisioning and installing modern smartphones in judicious locations. Stand-up time for regionally operational networks can be on the order of days. We evaluated a non-parametric ground-motion detection and alerting strategy that would alert the entire Costa Rican population of any event with a ground motion detection threshold of 0.55–0.65 %g at four neighboring stations. During a 6-month evaluation period ASTUTI detected and alerted on five of 13 earthquakes with Mw 4.8–5.3 that caused felt Modified Mercalli Intensity shaking levels of 4.3–6. The system did not produce any false alerts and the undetected events did not produce wide-spread or significant felt shaking. System latencies were less than or similar to scientific-grade latencies. Alerts for all five detected events would have reached the capital city, San Jose, before strong S-wave shaking. This would have afforded time for Drop Cover Hold On actions by most residents. Two of the five alerts were triggered by P-waves suggesting that smartphone-based networks could approach the fastest theoretical EEW performance, especially with future expected improvements in smartphone sensors and processing algorithms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021AV000407","usgsCitation":"Brooks, B.A., Protti, M., Ericksen, T., Bunn, J., Vega, F., Cochran, E.S., Duncan, C., Avery, J., Minson, S.E., Chaves, E.J., Baez, J., Foster, J.H., and Glennie, C.L., 2021, Robust earthquake early warning at a fraction of the cost: ASTUTI Costa Rica: AGU Advances, v. 2, no. 3, e2021AV000407, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000407.","productDescription":"e2021AV000407, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126171","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021av000407","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.96578,8.22503],[-83.50844,8.44693],[-83.71147,8.65684],[-83.59631,8.83044],[-83.63264,9.05139],[-83.90989,9.2908],[-84.3034,9.48735],[-84.64764,9.61554],[-84.71335,9.90805],[-84.97566,10.08672],[-84.91137,9.79599],[-85.11092,9.55704],[-85.33949,9.83454],[-85.66079,9.93335],[-85.79744,10.13489],[-85.79171,10.43934],[-85.65931,10.75433],[-85.94173,10.89528],[-85.71254,11.08844],[-85.56185,11.21712],[-84.903,10.9523],[-84.67307,11.08266],[-84.35593,10.99923],[-84.19018,10.79345],[-83.89505,10.72684],[-83.65561,10.93876],[-83.40232,10.39544],[-83.01568,9.99298],[-82.5462,9.56613],[-82.93289,9.47681],[-82.92715,9.07433],[-82.71918,8.92571],[-82.86866,8.80727],[-82.82977,8.6263],[-82.91318,8.42352],[-82.96578,8.22503]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Costa Rica\"}}]}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Protti, Marino","contributorId":351073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Protti","given":"Marino","affiliations":[{"id":34121,"text":"Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ericksen, Todd 0000-0001-9340-575X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-575X","contributorId":217363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunn, Julian","contributorId":216379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunn","given":"Julian","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vega, Floribeth","contributorId":351075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vega","given":"Floribeth","affiliations":[{"id":34121,"text":"Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duncan, Chris","contributorId":351077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":83911,"text":"GISMatters","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Avery, Jonathan","contributorId":244557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48939,"text":"Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chaves, Esteban J.","contributorId":236655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaves","given":"Esteban","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":47499,"text":"Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica at Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baez, Juan Carlos","contributorId":351079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baez","given":"Juan Carlos","affiliations":[{"id":83913,"text":"Centro Sismologico Nacional de Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Foster, James H.","contributorId":244553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48939,"text":"Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Glennie, Craig L.","contributorId":198143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glennie","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70228931,"text":"70228931 - 2021 - Juvenile moose stress and nutrition dynamics related to winter ticks, landscape characteristics, climate-mediated factors and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-24T17:14:48.527888","indexId":"70228931","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-07T11:08:11","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3919,"text":"Conservation Physiology","onlineIssn":"2051-1434","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile moose stress and nutrition dynamics related to winter ticks, landscape characteristics, climate-mediated factors and survival","docAbstract":"Moose populations in the northeastern United States have declined over the past 15 years, primarily due to the impacts of winter ticks. Research efforts have focused on the effects of winter tick infestation on moose survival and reproduction, but stress and nutritional responses to ticks and other stressors remain understudied. We examined the influence of several environmental factors on moose calf stress hormone metabolite concentrations and nutritional restriction in Vermont, USA. We collected 407 fecal and 461 snow urine samples from 84 radio-collared moose calves in the winters of 2017–2019 (January–April) to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) concentrations and urea nitrogen:creatinine (UN:C) ratios. We used generalized mixed-effects models to evaluate the influence of individual condition, winter ticks, habitat, climate and human development on stress and nutrition in calf moose. We then used these physiological data to build generalized linear models to predict calf winter survival. Calf fGCM concentrations increased with nutritional restriction and snow depth during adult winter tick engorgement. Calf UN:C ratios increased in calves with lighter weights and higher tick loads in early winter. Calf UN:C ratios also increased in individuals with home ranges composed of little deciduous forests during adult winter tick engorgement. Our predictive models estimated that winter survival was negatively related to UN:C ratios and positively related to fGCM concentrations, particularly in early winter. By late March, as winter ticks are having their greatest toll and endogenous resources become depleted, we estimated a curvilinear relationship between fGCM concentrations and survival. Our results provide novel evidence linking moose calf stress and nutrition, a problematic parasite and challenging environment and winter survival. Our findings provide a baseline to support the development of non-invasive physiological monitoring for assessing environmental impacts on moose populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coab048","usgsCitation":"Rosenblatt, E., Debow, J., Blouin, J., Donovan, T.M., Murdoch, J., Creel, S., Rogers, W., Gieder, K., Fortin, N., and Alexander, C., 2021, Juvenile moose stress and nutrition dynamics related to winter ticks, landscape characteristics, climate-mediated factors and survival: Conservation Physiology, v. 9, no. 1, coab048, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coab048.","productDescription":"coab048, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123406","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coab048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.212890625,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n 43.6599240747891\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenblatt, Elias","contributorId":276324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenblatt","given":"Elias","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Debow, Jacob","contributorId":276321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Debow","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blouin, Joshua","contributorId":276322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blouin","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. 0000-0001-8124-9251 tdonovan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-9251","contributorId":204296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murdoch, James","contributorId":276325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murdoch","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creel, Scott","contributorId":15089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creel","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rogers, Will","contributorId":280055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gieder, Katherina","contributorId":280056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gieder","given":"Katherina","affiliations":[{"id":27622,"text":"Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fortin, Nick","contributorId":280057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fortin","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27622,"text":"Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Alexander, Cedric","contributorId":280058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Cedric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27622,"text":"Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70222070,"text":"70222070 - 2021 - Detrital zircon record of magmatism and sediment dispersal across the North American Cordilleran arc system (28-48°N)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-16T14:54:38.432173","indexId":"70222070","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-07T09:48:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon record of magmatism and sediment dispersal across the North American Cordilleran arc system (28-48°N)","docAbstract":"As zircon U-Pb geochronology has become a leading method in sediment provenance studies and basin analysis over the past 20 years, the volume of detrital zircon data made available in published literature has enabled researchers to go beyond source-to-sink provenance studies to explore increasingly complex geologic problems. In this review, we utilize the growing body of detrital zircon data acquired from Jurassic-Paleocene forearc and foreland basin strata of the North American Cordillera to investigate the Mesozoic to earliest Cenozoic evolution of the arc and its associated basins between 28°N and 48°N. Our compilation includes 830 detrital zircon samples (101,898 individual ages) from 70 studies published between 2000 and 2020. For comparative purposes, we also compile 1307 igneous zircon U-Pb ages that characterize the magmatic history of the arc. We place primary emphasis on detrital zircon ages between 251 and 56 Ma that we infer to be uniquely derived from magmatic sources in the arc. Informed by existing knowledge of magmatic, structural, and sedimentological processes that acted on the orogen, we investigate spatial and temporal trends in these “arc-derived zircon” to establish a detrital record of arc magmatism, investigate source-to-sink relationships between the arc and adjacent basins, and discuss controls on sediment dispersal across the orogen.
Our review shows that compilations of detrital zircon data from the Cordilleran forearc and foreland basin systems are excellent proxies for arc magmatism because the basins are enriched in arc-derived zircon and compilations provide space- and time-integrated records of crystallization ages. The compiled detrital zircon data support a history of continuous arc magmatism throughout Mesozoic and earliest Cenozoic time, characterized by low-volume magmatism from Triassic-Early Jurassic time (~251–174 Ma) and episodic higher-volume magmatism from Middle Jurassic-Late Cretaceous time (~174–66 Ma). These trends elucidate the initiation and timing of magmatic events at the orogen-scale and corroborate our understanding of cyclic arc behavior.
Detrital zircon distributions are spatially and temporally variable both within and across basins, which we discuss relative to topographic development of the orogen and attendant responses of sediment dispersal systems. Detrital zircon distributions in the forearc signal rapid transfer of sediment from the arc to basins dominantly via fluvial processes. In contrast, detrital zircon distributions across the foreland reflect the presence of topographic barriers in the hinterland region of the arc that effectively isolated parts of the foreland. The presence of hinterland topography in turn highlights the important role of ash-fall events in delivering arc-derived zircon to the foreland, underscoring the need to consider ash-fall processes in paleodrainage reconstructions. These broad regional trends, and in general the close linkage between orogenic process and sediment dispersal, emerge from our compilation because it averages out much of the local variability observed in studies of more limited geographic or temporal extent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103734","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, T.M., Surpless, K.D., Colgan, J.P., Johnstone, S., and Holm-Denoma, C., 2021, Detrital zircon record of magmatism and sediment dispersal across the North American Cordilleran arc system (28-48°N): Earth-Science Reviews, v. 220, 103734, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103734.","productDescription":"103734, 35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126369","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96NOPRE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Preliminary detrital zircon data for Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene strata of the Crazy Mountains basin, Montana"},{"id":436281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E5INN9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Compilation of in situ and detrital zircon U-Pb ages for the Jurassic-Paleocene North American Cordillera (28-50 degrees north)"},{"id":387227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"North American Cordilleran arc system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.140625,\n 23.725011735951796\n ],\n [\n -102.65625,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -104.23828125,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 56.65622649350222\n ],\n [\n -131.484375,\n 54.97761367069628\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -118.30078125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 21.94304553343818\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 23.725011735951796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"220","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Theresa Maude 0000-0001-6606-4072","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6606-4072","contributorId":245180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"Maude","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Surpless, Kathleen D.","contributorId":261176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Surpless","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":52761,"text":"Trinity University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnstone, Samuel 0000-0002-3945-2499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-2499","contributorId":207545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnstone","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236481,"text":"70236481 - 2021 - Wastewater disposal has not significantly altered the regional stress state in southern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T13:34:34.597861","indexId":"70236481","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-07T08:28:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wastewater disposal has not significantly altered the regional stress state in southern Kansas","docAbstract":"Wastewater disposal is primarily responsible for the increased seismicity rate since ~2013 in southern Kansas. Previous work that used shear wave splitting (SWS) in southern Kansas interpreted a ~90º temporal rotation in the fast polarization direction and attributed it to increased pore pressures resulting from fluid injection. However, this interpreted rotation coincided with a change in the stations used to make the SWS measurements. We investigate the temporal variability of fast azimuths in southern Kansas by making SWS measurements on earthquake families with similar source-receiver paths recorded on a stable local seismic network. We select high-quality SWS measurements by investigating the stability of results across 65 different frequency bands between 0.5-15 Hz. We find that the fast polarization direction in southern Kansas is relatively constant with an average ENE (~N79ºE) orientation between 2014-2017. Our fast polarization measurements are primarily a reflection of the maximum principal horizontal stress direction (SHmax). We observe a slight spatial change in SHmax to the NE (~N55°E) near the Nemaha Ridge in Oklahoma. However, we do not observe any significant temporal rotation of SHmax or variation in delay time (i.e., crack density) in southern Kansas, contrary to the earlier study. The previously interpreted ~90º rotation may either be a reflection of a very local stress change or a misinterpretation of SWS results potentially due to the use of inconsistent source-receiver paths. Our SWS measurements cover the period of peak wastewater disposal and seismicity rates and suggest an absence of significant temporal rotations in the local anisotropy and stress orientations associated with wastewater disposal.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1785/0220210079","usgsCitation":"Skoumal, R., and Cochran, E.S., 2021, Wastewater disposal has not significantly altered the regional stress state in southern Kansas: Seismological Research Letters, v. 6, no. 92, p. 3516-3525, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210079.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3516","endPage":"3525","ipdsId":"IP-127499","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.802,37.0004],[-97.8986,37.0003],[-98.0538,37.0003],[-98.1164,37.0003],[-98.3291,37.0003],[-98.3482,37.0003],[-98.3503,37.3854],[-97.807,37.3867],[-97.8068,37.4746],[-97.1514,37.4764],[-97.1468,37.0001],[-97.1978,36.9995],[-97.271,36.9997],[-97.4111,37.0001],[-97.4597,37.0002],[-97.4624,37.0002],[-97.5354,37.0002],[-97.7424,37.0003],[-97.802,37.0004]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Harper\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","volume":"6","issue":"92","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skoumal, Robert","contributorId":217693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skoumal","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70224969,"text":"70224969 - 2021 - Blue waters, green bottoms: Benthic filamentous algal blooms are an emerging threat to clear lakes worldwide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T16:58:05.08129","indexId":"70224969","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-07T08:25:49","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blue waters, green bottoms: Benthic filamentous algal blooms are an emerging threat to clear lakes worldwide","docAbstract":"Nearshore (littoral) habitats of clear lakes with high water quality are increasingly experiencing unexplained proliferations of filamentous algae that grow on submerged surfaces. These filamentous algal blooms (FABs) are sometimes associated with nutrient pollution in groundwater, but complex changes in climate, nutrient transport, lake hydrodynamics, and food web structure may also facilitate this emerging threat to clear lakes. A coordinated effort among members of the public, managers, and scientists is needed to document the occurrence of FABs, to standardize methods for measuring their severity, to adapt existing data collection networks to include nearshore habitats, and to mitigate and reverse this profound structural change in lake ecosystems. Current models of lake eutrophication do not explain this littoral greening. However, a cohesive response to it is essential for protecting some of the world's most valued lakes and the flora, fauna, and ecosystem services they sustain.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biab049","usgsCitation":"Vadeboncoeur, Y., Moore, M.V., Stewart, S.D., Chandra, S., Atkins, K., Baron, J., Bouma-Gregson, K., Brothers, S., Francoeur, S., Genzoli, L., Higgins, S.N., Hilt, S., Katona, L., Kelly, D., Oleksy, I., Ozersky, T., Powel, M., Roberts, D., Timoshkin, O., Tromboni, F., Vander Zanden, M.J., Volkova, E., Waters, S., Wood, S.A., and Yamamuro, M., 2021, Blue waters, green bottoms: Benthic filamentous algal blooms are an emerging threat to clear lakes worldwide: BioScience, v. 71, no. 10, p. 1011-1027, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab049.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1027","ipdsId":"IP-125146","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vadeboncoeur, Yvonne","contributorId":267285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vadeboncoeur","given":"Yvonne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13348,"text":"Wright State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Marianne V.","contributorId":267286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Marianne","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":55461,"text":"Wellesley College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Simon D.","contributorId":267287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":55462,"text":"Cawthron Institue, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chandra, Sudeep","contributorId":267288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandra","given":"Sudeep","affiliations":[{"id":32871,"text":"University of Nevada at Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkins, Karen","contributorId":267289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkins","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":215101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bouma-Gregson, Keith","contributorId":267290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouma-Gregson","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":12702,"text":"California State Water Resources Control Board","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brothers, Soren","contributorId":267291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brothers","given":"Soren","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Francoeur, Stephen","contributorId":267292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francoeur","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55463,"text":"Eastern Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Genzoli, Laurel","contributorId":267293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Genzoli","given":"Laurel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Higgins, Scott N.","contributorId":267294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":55464,"text":"IISD Experimental Lakes Area, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hilt, Sabine","contributorId":267295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilt","given":"Sabine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55465,"text":"Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Katona, Leon R.","contributorId":267333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katona","given":"Leon R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kelly, David","contributorId":267334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Oleksy, Isabella","contributorId":267296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oleksy","given":"Isabella","affiliations":[{"id":33412,"text":"Cary Institute for Ecosystem Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ozersky, Ted","contributorId":267297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ozersky","given":"Ted","affiliations":[{"id":55466,"text":"University of Minnesota, Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Powel, Mary","contributorId":267298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powel","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Roberts, Derek","contributorId":267299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Timoshkin, Oleg","contributorId":267300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timoshkin","given":"Oleg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55467,"text":"Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Limnological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Tromboni, Flavia","contributorId":267335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tromboni","given":"Flavia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Vander Zanden, M. Jake","contributorId":265448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jake","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Volkova, Ekaterina","contributorId":267301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Volkova","given":"Ekaterina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55467,"text":"Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Limnological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Waters, Sean","contributorId":267336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waters","given":"Sean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Wood, Susanna A.","contributorId":267337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Susanna","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Yamamuro, Masumi","contributorId":267338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamamuro","given":"Masumi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}} ,{"id":70223308,"text":"70223308 - 2021 - Predicting wildfire impacts on the prehistoric archaeological record of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T12:38:24.433922","indexId":"70223308","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-07T07:35:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting wildfire impacts on the prehistoric archaeological record of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Wildfires of uncharacteristic severity, a consequence of climate changes and accumulated fuels, can cause amplified or novel impacts to archaeological resources. The archaeological record includes physical features associated with human activity; these exist within ecological landscapes and provide a unique long-term perspective on human–environment interactions. The potential for fire-caused damage to archaeological materials is of major concern because these resources are irreplaceable and non-renewable, have social or religious significance for living peoples, and are protected by an extensive body of legislation. Although previous studies have modeled ecological burn severity as a function of environmental setting and climate, the fidelity of these variables as predictors of archaeological fire effects has not been evaluated. This study, focused on prehistoric archaeological sites in a fire-prone and archaeologically rich landscape in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico, USA, identified the environmental and climate variables that best predict observed fire severity and fire effects to archaeological features and artifacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s42408-021-00103-6","usgsCitation":"Friggens, M., Loehman, R.A., Constan, C., and Kneifel, R., 2021, Predicting wildfire impacts on the prehistoric archaeological record of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA: Fire Ecology, v. 17, 18, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-021-00103-6.","productDescription":"18, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122913","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-021-00103-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 35.24561909420681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friggens, Megan","contributorId":219865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friggens","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":821685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Constan, Connie","contributorId":264574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constan","given":"Connie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kneifel, Rebekah","contributorId":264576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kneifel","given":"Rebekah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221843,"text":"70221843 - 2021 - Twenty-first-century projections of shoreline change along inlet-interrupted coastlines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-12T11:57:03.394157","indexId":"70221843","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-07T06:55:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8955,"text":"Nature--Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty-first-century projections of shoreline change along inlet-interrupted coastlines","docAbstract":"Sandy coastlines adjacent to tidal inlets are highly dynamic and widespread landforms, where large changes are expected due to climatic and anthropogenic influences. To adequately assess these important changes, both oceanic (e.g., sea-level rise) and terrestrial (e.g., fluvial sediment supply) processes that govern the local sediment budget must be considered. Here, we present novel projections of shoreline change adjacent to 41 tidal inlets around the world, using a probabilistic, reduced complexity, system-based model that considers catchment-estuary-coastal systems in a holistic way. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, retreat dominates (90% of cases) over the twenty-first century, with projections exceeding 100 m of retreat in two-thirds of cases. However, the remaining systems are projected to accrete under the same scenario, reflecting fluvial influence. This diverse range of response compared to earlier methods implies that erosion hazards at inlet-interrupted coasts have been inadequately characterised to date. The methods used here need to be applied widely to support evidence-based coastal adaptation.
Movement of animals directly affects individual fitness, yet fine spatial and temporal resolution movement behavior has been studied in relatively few small species, particularly in the tropics. Nectarivorous Hawaiian honeycreepers are believed to be highly mobile throughout the year, but their fine-scale movement patterns remain unknown. The movement behavior of these crucial pollinators has important implications for forest ecology, and for mortality from avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), an introduced disease that does not occur in high-elevation forests where Hawaiian honeycreepers primarily breed.
We used an automated radio telemetry network to track the movement of two Hawaiian honeycreeper species, the ʻapapane (Himatione sanguinea) and ʻiʻiwi (Drepanis coccinea). We collected high temporal and spatial resolution data across the annual cycle. We identified movement strategies using a multivariate analysis of movement metrics and assessed seasonal changes in movement behavior.
Both species exhibited multiple movement strategies including sedentary, central place foraging, commuting, and nomadism , and these movement strategies occurred simultaneously across the population. We observed a high degree of intraspecific variability at the individual and population level. The timing of the movement strategies corresponded well with regional bloom patterns of ‘ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha) the primary nectar source for the focal species. Birds made long-distance flights, including multi-day forays outside the tracking array, but exhibited a high degree of fidelity to a core use area, even in the non-breeding period. Both species visited elevations where avian malaria can occur but exhibited little seasonal change in elevation (< 150 m) and regularly returned to high-elevation roosts at night.
This study demonstrates the power of automated telemetry to study complex and fine-scale movement behaviors in rugged tropical environments. Our work reveals a system in which birds can track shifting resources using a diverse set of movement behaviors and can facultatively respond to environmental change. Importantly, fidelity to high-elevation roosting sites minimizes nocturnal exposure to avian malaria for far-ranging individuals and is thus a beneficial behavior that may be under high selection pressure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40462-021-00275-5","usgsCitation":"Smetzer, J.R., Paxton, K.L., and Paxton, E.H., 2021, Individual and seasonal variation in the movement behavior of two tropical nectarivorous birds: Movement Ecology, v. 9, 36, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00275-5.","productDescription":"36, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127576","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00275-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92GS2TR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawai'i Island locations of 'Apapane and 'I'iwi from automated radio telemetry tracking system 2014 to 2016"},{"id":390327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.379638671875,\n 19.694314241825747\n ],\n [\n -155.15441894531247,\n 19.694314241825747\n ],\n [\n -155.15441894531247,\n 19.89072302399691\n ],\n [\n -155.379638671875,\n 19.89072302399691\n ],\n [\n -155.379638671875,\n 19.694314241825747\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smetzer, Jennifer R","contributorId":255352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smetzer","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paxton, Kristina L. 0000-0003-2321-5090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-5090","contributorId":41917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paxton","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222410,"text":"70222410 - 2021 - Effects of season, location, species, and sex on hematologic and plasma biochemical values and body mass in free-ranging Grebes (Aechmophorus species)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T11:44:46.961293","indexId":"70222410","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-07T06:37:08","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2191,"text":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of season, location, species, and sex on hematologic and plasma biochemical values and body mass in free-ranging Grebes (Aechmophorus species)","title":"Effects of season, location, species, and sex on hematologic and plasma biochemical values and body mass in free-ranging Grebes (Aechmophorus species)","docAbstract":"The effects of season, location, species, and sex on body weight and a comprehensive array of blood chemistry and hematology analytes were compared for free-ranging western (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's (Aechmophorus clarkii) grebes. Birds (n = 56) were collected from Puget Sound, WA, and Monterey Bay and San Francisco Bay, CA, from February 2007 to March 2011. The data supported generalization of observed ranges for most analytes across Aechmophorus grebe metapopulations wintering on the Pacific coast. Notable seasonal and location effects were observed for packed cell volume (winter 6% greater than fall; winter California [CA] 5% greater than Washington [WA]), total white blood cell count (CA 3.57 × 103 cells/µL greater than WA), heterophils (WA 10% greater than CA), lymphocytes (winter 19% greater than fall), heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (fall 5.7 greater than winter), basophils (CA greater than WA), plasma protein (WA about 10 g/L [1.0 g/dL] greater than CA), plasma protein to fibrinogen ratio (winter about 15 greater than fall), potassium (CA 2 mmol/L greater than WA), and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase: WA greater than CA). Within California, season had a greater effect on body mass than sex (mean winter weights about 200 g greater than fall), whereas within a season, males weighed only about 80 g more than females, on average. These data give biologists and veterinarians quantitative reference values to better assess health at the individual and metapopulation level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians","doi":"10.1647/2019-473","usgsCitation":"Anderson, N., De La Cruz, S.E., Gaydos, J., Ziccardi, M.H., and Harvey, D.J., 2021, Effects of season, location, species, and sex on hematologic and plasma biochemical values and body mass in free-ranging Grebes (Aechmophorus species): Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v. 35, no. 2, p. 135-154, https://doi.org/10.1647/2019-473.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"154","ipdsId":"IP-110043","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q5221wf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington, California","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, Monterery Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 47.07012182383309\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 36.96086580957587\n ],\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 36.96086580957587\n ],\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Nancy L","contributorId":261393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Nancy L","affiliations":[{"id":52834,"text":"University of California, Oiled Wildlife Care Network, Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E.W. 0000-0001-6315-0864","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":202774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaydos, Joseph K","contributorId":261394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Joseph K","affiliations":[{"id":52835,"text":"Wildlife Health Center, Orcas Island Office, Eastsound, WA 98245, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ziccardi, Michael H.","contributorId":74617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ziccardi","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, Danielle J","contributorId":261395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":52836,"text":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70222412,"text":"70222412 - 2021 - Temperature variation and host immunity regulate viral persistence in a salmonid host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T11:59:37.309609","indexId":"70222412","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-07T06:33:08","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9113,"text":"Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature variation and host immunity regulate viral persistence in a salmonid host","docAbstract":"Environmental variation has important effects on host–pathogen interactions, affecting large-scale ecological processes such as the severity and frequency of epidemics. However, less is known about how the environment interacts with host immunity to modulate virus fitness within hosts. Here, we studied the interaction between host immune responses and water temperature on the long-term persistence of a model vertebrate virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We first used cell culture methods to factor out strong host immune responses, allowing us to test the effect of temperature on viral replication. We found that 15
The Chesapeake Bay ecosystem is a national treasure that provides almost $100 billion annually of goods and services. The Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP), is one of the largest federal-state restoration partnerships in the United States and is underpinned by rigorous science. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a pivotal role as a science provider for assessing ecosystem condition and response in the Chesapeake watershed. Despite significant CBP accomplishments, the pressures of climate change and competing demands on land use and change require an acceleration of progress towards the 10 goals in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement. USGS Chesapeake studies are increasing efforts to provide integrated science and are engaging stakeholders to inform the multi-faceted restoration and conservation decisions to improve habitat for fish and waterfowl, and socio-economic benefits to the 18 million people living in the watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20213037","usgsCitation":"Hyer, K., and Phillips, S., 2021, USGS Chesapeake Science Strategy 2021-2025: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021–3037, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213037.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-130753","costCenters":[{"id":50439,"text":"North Atlantic-Appalachian Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3037/fs20213037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2021-3037"},{"id":386812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3037/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West 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U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
Structured decision making is a systematic, transparent process for improving the quality of complex decisions by identifying measurable management objectives and feasible management actions; predicting the potential consequences of management actions relative to the stated objectives; and selecting a course of action that maximizes the total benefit achieved and balances tradeoffs among objectives. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, applied an existing, regional framework for structured decision making to develop a prototype tool for optimizing tidal marsh management decisions at the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge in New Jersey. Refuge biologists, refuge managers, and research scientists identified multiple potential management actions to improve the ecological integrity of 23 marsh management units within the refuge and estimated the outcomes of each action in terms of performance metrics associated with each management objective. Value functions previously developed at the regional level were used to transform metric scores to a common utility scale, and utilities were summed to produce a single score representing the total management benefit that could be accrued from each potential management action. Constrained optimization was used to identify the set of management actions, one per marsh management unit, that could maximize total management benefits at different cost constraints at the refuge scale. Results indicated that, for the objectives and actions considered here, total management benefits may increase consistently up to about \\$980,000, but that further expenditures may yield diminishing return on investment. Potential management actions in optimal portfolios at total costs less than \\$980,000 included applying sediment to the marsh surface to increase elevation in five marsh management units, digging runnels on the marsh surface to improve drainage in five marsh management units, and breaching roads and berms to improve tidal flow in five marsh management units. The potential management benefits were derived from expected reduction in the duration of surface flooding, improved capacity for marsh elevation to keep pace with sea-level rise and increases in numbers of spiders (as an indicator of trophic health), tidal marsh obligate birds, and wintering American black ducks. The prototype presented here does not resolve management decisions; rather, it provides a framework for decision making at the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge that can be updated as new data and information become available. Insights from this process may also be useful to inform future habitat management planning at the refuges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J.E., Nagel, J.L., Adamowicz, S.C., Mikula, T., Castelli, P.M., and Rettig, V., 2021, Optimization of salt marsh management at the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, through use of structured decision making: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1037, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211037.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120822","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1037/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386008,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1037/ofr20211037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1037"},{"id":386009,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1037/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.41967010498045,\n 39.388182633584485\n ],\n [\n -74.36851501464844,\n 39.40967202224426\n ],\n [\n -74.36817169189453,\n 39.433011014927224\n ],\n [\n -74.33040618896484,\n 39.45395640766923\n ],\n [\n -74.31255340576172,\n 39.48125549646666\n ],\n [\n -74.3276596069336,\n 39.50059690888215\n ],\n [\n -74.4107437133789,\n 39.51807903374736\n ],\n [\n -74.43305969238281,\n 39.519138415094176\n ],\n [\n -74.4601821899414,\n 39.51198727745152\n ],\n [\n -74.4275665283203,\n 39.49397374330326\n ],\n [\n -74.45743560791016,\n 39.46959506012395\n ],\n [\n -74.44267272949219,\n 39.45766759232811\n ],\n [\n -74.41967010498045,\n 39.388182633584485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is a fungal pathogen that can cause the emerging infectious disease Bsal chytridiomycosis in some amphibians and is currently causing dramatic declines in European urodeles. To date, Bsal has not been detected in North America but has the potential to cause severe declines in naïve hosts if introduced. Therefore, it is critical that wildlife managers are prepared with effective management actions to combat the fungus. Research has been initiated to identify strategies; however, managers need guidance to prepare for an outbreak until results are available. We conducted a workshop at the Joint Meeting of The Wildlife Society and American Fisheries Society on 30 September 2019 with participants of a Bsal symposium. Our goals were to describe the expected effects of 11 management actions that could be implemented for Bsal in salamander communities in the northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern United States. Participants expected a variety of proposed management actions to decrease pathogen transmission and increase host survival, but also that the selection of a management action may depend on the specific membership of the amphibian community. Collectively, our assessment will help refine research and modeling priorities in an effort to mitigate the risk of Bsal to native U.S. amphibians.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1198","usgsCitation":"Bernard, R.F., and Campbell Grant, E.H., 2021, Rapid assessment indicates context-dependent mitigation for amphibian disease risk: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 45, no. 23-24, p. 290-299, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1198.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","ipdsId":"IP-118442","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1198","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"23-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernard, Riley F 0000-0002-1321-3625","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-3625","contributorId":238925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"Riley","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221863,"text":"70221863 - 2021 - Coastal Tree-Ring Records for Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Applications in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T09:57:05.983187","indexId":"70221863","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-06T12:00:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal Tree-Ring Records for Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Applications in North America","docAbstract":"For more than a century, tree-ring research has identified relationships between climatic and ecological conditions and tree growth to describe past environments and constrain future ecosystem vulnerabilities. Tree-ring records are frequently used as environmental proxies that extend knowledge of past climate and ecology on millennial scales. Many of the most pressing global change questions facing North America concern the rate of climate change and vulnerability of ecosystems and society along the coast. The opportunities and applications in dendrochronology continue to grow with advancing methodologies, faster computational ability, and the cost-reduction of many chemical and anatomical analyses. Here, we propose that many pressing global change questions that affect coastal communities can be addressed using dendrochronological techniques. We review coastal tree-ring studies that demonstrate the utility and potential for future tree-ring studies in the northeastern, southeastern, northwestern, and southwestern North American coasts. Additionally, we show that tree-ring chronologies along the coast give insight into local and regional climate phenomena that are distinct from nearby, inland tree-ring chronologies of the same species. Lastly, we identify opportunities for coastal dendrochronology and encourage the collection of more tree-ring records that are directly impacted by coastal phenomena.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107044","usgsCitation":"Tucker, C., and Pearl, J.K., 2021, Coastal Tree-Ring Records for Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Applications in North America: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 265, 107044, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107044.","productDescription":"107044, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123038","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North American Pacific, Atlantic Coastal Rings","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 60.06484046010452\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 60.06484046010452\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -62.05078125,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -62.05078125,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 27.68352808378776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"265","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Clay","contributorId":257674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Clay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, Jessie K. 0000-0002-1556-2159","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-2159","contributorId":242893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Jessie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221784,"text":"ofr20211053 - 2021 - Least Bell's Vireos and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers at the San Luis Rey flood risk management project area in San Diego County, California—Breeding activities and habitat use—2020 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T12:41:56.22042","indexId":"ofr20211053","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-06T09:36:49","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1053","displayTitle":"Least Bell's Vireos and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers at the San Luis Rey Flood Risk Management Project Area in San Diego County, California: Breeding Activities and Habitat Use—2020 Annual Report","title":"Least Bell's Vireos and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers at the San Luis Rey flood risk management project area in San Diego County, California—Breeding activities and habitat use—2020 annual report","docAbstract":"To investigate whether the cumulative years of treatment had an impact on vireo reproductive effort, we looked at the effects of the Treatment Index on reproductive parameters. Results from generalized linear models indicated that treatment did not have an effect on vireo nesting effort or the number of vireo fledglings per pair produced in 2020.
Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Damaging ground motions from the 2011
Natural perchlorate (ClO4−) exists in many places on Earth, in lunar regolith, meteorites, and on the surface of Mars. Terrestrial natural ClO4− has widely variable Cl and O stable isotopic compositions (δ37Cl, δ18O, Δ17O). The δ18O and Δ17O values of ClO4− from the most hyper-arid locations co-vary. ClO4− from less arid areas has relatively little 17O excess and poor Δ17O-δ18O correlation. ClO4− from the Atacama Desert has unusually low δ37Cl (<−10‰) and exhibits a positive correlation between δ37Cl and δ18O, while the δ37Cl of ClO4− from all other locations varies between −5 and +7‰ with no δ37Cl-δ18O covariation. To evaluate the impact of different precursors (ClOx) and reaction pathways on the isotopic composition of ClO4−, we measured the isotopic composition of ClO4− produced in the laboratory by UV or O3 mediated aqueous oxidation of Cl−, OCl−, ClO2−, and ClO2° as well as O3 mediated oxidation of dry NaCl. ClOx oxidation in aqueous or dry systems enriched in O3 produced ClO4− with Δ17O values that generally increased with the number of O atoms required and included evidence that the site-specific 17O anomaly in O3 was preferentially transferred to ClO4−. Based on the inferred number of O atoms sourced from O3, and known Cl and O reaction pathways, it appears that ClO2° and ClO3* were required intermediates in the production of ClO4− in the O3 experiments. ClOx aqueous oxidation by UV irradiation produced ClO4− with a large range of δ18O values and little or no 17O anomaly. ClO3− was produced to a much greater extent than ClO4− in all experiments except dry oxidation of NaCl by O3. The isotopic composition of ClO3− was distinct from that of ClO4− produced from the same initial reactants. Combined results of O3 and UV mediated reactions largely bracketed the range of natural ClO4− δ18O and Δ17O values as well as δ37Cl values of non-Atacama natural samples, but no conditions produced the low δ37Cl values of Atacama ClO4−. Our results indicate that variation in production mechanisms, possibly combined with isotopically variable precursors, could be responsible for much of the observed isotopic variation in natural ClO4− and ClO3−.
Geobiology explores how Earth's system has changed over the course of geologic history and how living organisms on this planet are impacted by or are indeed causing these changes. For decades, geologists, paleontologists, and geochemists have generated data to investigate these topics. Foundational efforts in sedimentary geochemistry utilized spreadsheets for data storage and analysis, suitable for several thousand samples, but not practical or scalable for larger, more complex datasets. As results have accumulated, researchers have increasingly gravitated toward larger compilations and statistical tools. New data frameworks have become necessary to handle larger sample sets and encourage more sophisticated or even standardized statistical analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gbi.12462","usgsCitation":"Farrell, U., Samawi, R., Anjanappa, S., Klykov, R., Adeboye, O., Agic, H., Ahm, A., Boag, T., Bowyer, F., Brocks, J.J., Brunoir, T., Canfield, D., Chen, X., Cheng, M., Clarkson, M., Cole, D.B., Cordie, D., Crockford, P.W., Cui, H., Dahl, T., Del Mouro, L., Dewing, K., Dornbos, S., Drabon, N., Dumoulin, J.A., Emmings, J., Endringa, C.R., Fraser, T.A., Gaines, R.R., Gaschnig, R.M., Gibson, T.M., Gilleaudeau, G.J., Gill, B.C., Goldberg, K., Guilbaud, R., Halverson, G.P., Hammarlund, E.U., Hantsoo, K.G., Henderson, M.A., Hodgskiss, M.S., Horner, T., Husson, J.M., Johnson, B., Kabanov, P., Keller, C.B., Kimmig, J., Kipp, M.A., Knoll, A.H., Kreitsmann, T., Kunzmann, M., Kurzweil, F., LeRoy, M.A., Li, C., Lipp, A., Loydell, D.K., Lu, X., Macdonald, F.A., Magnall, J.M., Mand, K., Mehra, A., Melchin, M.J., Miller, A.J., Mwinde, C.N., O’Connell, B., Och, L.M., Ossa Ossa, F., Pages, A., Paiste, K., Partin, C.A., Peters, S., Petrov, P., Playter, T.L., Plaza-Torres, S., Porter, S.M., Poulton, S.W., Pruss, S.B., Richoz, S., Ritzer, S.R., Rooney, A.D., Sahoo, S.K., Schoepfer, S.D., Sclafani, J.A., Shen, Y., Shorttle, O., Slotznick, S.P., Smith, E.F., Spinks, S., Stockey, R.G., Strauss, J.V., Stueken, E.E., Tecklenburg, S., Thomson, D., Tosca, N.J., Uhlein, G.J., Vizcaino, M.N., Wang, H., White, T., Wilby, P.R., Woltz, C.R., Wood, R., Xiang, L., Yurchenko, I.A., Zhang, T., Planavsky, N.J., Lau, K.V., Johnston, D.T., and Sperling, E.A., 2021, The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project: Geobiology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 545-556, https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12462.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"556","ipdsId":"IP-128698","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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The theory of migratory coupling postulates that aggregations of migrant prey can induce large-scale synchronized movements in predators, and this coupling is consequential for the dynamics of ecological communities. The degree to which humans influence these interactions remains largely unknown. We tested whether creation of large resource pulses by humans such as seasonal herding of reindeer Rangifer tarandus and hunting of moose, Alces alces, can induce migratory coupling with Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos, and whether these lead to demographic consequences for the eagles.
Fennoscandia.
We used movement data from 32 tracked Golden Eagles spanning 125 annual migratory cycles over 8 years. We obtained reindeer distribution data through collaboration with reindeer herders based on satellite tracking of reindeer, and moose harvest data from the national hunting statistics for Sweden. We assessed demographic consequences for eagles from ingesting lead from ammunition fragments in moose carcasses through survival estimates and their links with lead concentrations in eagles' blood.
In spring, eagles migrated hundreds of kilometres to be spatially and temporally coupled with calving reindeer, whereas in autumn, eagles matched their distribution with the location and timing of moose hunt. Juveniles were more likely to couple with reindeer calving, whereas adults were particularly drawn to areas of higher moose harvest. Due to this coupling, eagles ingested lead from spent ammunition in moose offal and carcasses and the resulting lead toxicity increased the risk of mortality by 3.4 times.
We show how migratory coupling connects landscape processes and that human actions can influence migratory coupling over large spatial scales and increase demographic risks for predators. We provide vital knowledge towards resolving human–wildlife conflicts and the conservation of protected species over a large spatial and temporal scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13373","usgsCitation":"Singh, N.J., Ecke, F., Katzner, T., Bagchi, S., Sandstrom, P., and Hornfeldt, B., 2021, Consequences of migratory coupling of predators and prey when mediated by human actions: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 9, p. 1848-1860, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13373.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1848","endPage":"1860","ipdsId":"IP-074750","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13373","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Sweden","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[22.18317,65.72374],[21.21352,65.02601],[21.36963,64.41359],[19.77888,63.60955],[17.84778,62.7494],[17.11955,61.34117],[17.83135,60.63658],[18.78772,60.08191],[17.86922,58.95377],[16.82919,58.71983],[16.44771,57.04112],[15.87979,56.1043],[14.66668,56.20089],[14.10072,55.40778],[12.94291,55.36174],[12.6251,56.30708],[11.78794,57.44182],[11.02737,58.85615],[11.46827,59.43239],[12.30037,60.11793],[12.63115,61.29357],[11.99206,61.80036],[11.93057,63.12832],[12.57994,64.06622],[13.57192,64.04911],[13.91991,64.44542],[13.55569,64.78703],[15.10841,66.19387],[16.10871,67.30246],[16.76888,68.01394],[17.72918,68.01055],[17.99387,68.56739],[19.87856,68.40719],[20.02527,69.06514],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.97853,68.61685],[23.53947,67.93601],[23.56588,66.39605],[23.90338,66.00693],[22.18317,65.72374]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sweden\"}}]}","volume":"27","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, Navinder J.","contributorId":342307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Navinder","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":81856,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ecke, Fraucke","contributorId":342308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ecke","given":"Fraucke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81856,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bagchi, Sumanta","contributorId":210387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagchi","given":"Sumanta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandstrom, Per","contributorId":342309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Per","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12666,"text":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hornfeldt, Birger","contributorId":342310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornfeldt","given":"Birger","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12666,"text":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70238936,"text":"70238936 - 2021 - Translational invasion ecology: Bridging research and practice to address one of the greatest threats to biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T12:47:57.9032","indexId":"70238936","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-05T06:41:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translational invasion ecology: Bridging research and practice to address one of the greatest threats to biodiversity","docAbstract":"Effective natural resource management and policy is contingent on information generated by research. Conversely, the applicability of research depends on whether it is responsive to the needs and constraints of resource managers and policy makers. However, many scientific fields including invasion ecology suffer from a disconnect between research and practice. Despite strong socio-political imperatives, evidenced by extensive funding dedicated to addressing invasive species, the pairing of invasion ecology with stakeholder needs to support effective management and policy is lacking. As a potential solution, we propose translational invasion ecology (TIE). As an extension of translational ecology, as a framework to increase collaboration among scientists, practitioners, and policy makers to reduce negative impacts of invasive species. As an extension of translational ecology, TIE is an approach that embodies an intentional and inclusive process in which researchers, stakeholders, and decision makers collaborate to develop and implement ecological research via joint consideration of the ecological, sociological, economic, and/or political contexts in order to improve invasive species management. TIE ideally results in improved outcomes as well as shared benefits between researchers and managers. We delineate the steps of our proposed TIE approach and describe successful examples of ongoing TIE projects from the US and internationally. We suggest practical ways to begin incorporating TIE into research and management practices, including supporting boundary-spanning organizations and activities, expanding networks, sharing translational experiences, and measuring outcomes. We find that there is a need for strengthened boundary spanning, as well as funding and recognition for advancing translational approaches. As climate change and globalization exacerbate invasive species impacts, TIE provides a promising approach to generate actionable ecological research while improving outcomes of invasive species management and policy decisions.
Human-wildlife interactions (HWI) are driven fundamentally by overlapping space and resources. As competition intensifies, the likelihood of interaction and conflict increases. In turn, conflict may impede conservation efforts by lowering social tolerance of wildlife, especially when human-wildlife conflict (HWC) poses a threat to human safety and economic well-being. Thus, mitigating conflict is one of the most consequential components of a wildlife management program, particularly for large carnivores. However, unlike other large carnivores, the causative factors and conservation consequences of interactions between humans and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are poorly understood. Historically, mitigation of human-polar bear conflict has been a low management priority with the exception of a few locations where conflict had been a chronic concern. In part, this was because of low human densities in most of the Arctic and sea ice act as a physical barrier regulating the frequency of human-polar bear interactions. However, as the Arctic has warmed, anthropogenic activities have increased, and polar bears have become more reliant on land. As a result, mitigating interaction and conflict between humans and polar bears has become a growing concern. In this chapter, we explore the nexus of polar bear and human behavior and environmental change in driving the nature and intensity of human-polar bear interaction and conflict. We first provide an overview of behaviors that contribute to the occurrence of interactions and conflicts. We then review historical and contemporary drivers of interaction and conflict and examine how climate-mediated changes to Arctic marine and terrestrial environments are likely to influence distribution and types of future incidents. We close by proposing a conceptual framework that conservationists and managers can use to mitigate the likelihood of future human-polar bear conflict in a rapidly changing Arctic.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Atwood, T.C., and Wilder, J., 2021, Human-polar bear interactions, chap. of Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears, p. 325-353.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"353","ipdsId":"IP-112183","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387091,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030667955"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, Randall W.","contributorId":131160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819204,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819205,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilder, James","contributorId":152610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilder","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70225622,"text":"70225622 - 2021 - Sea otter foraging behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T14:28:42.879694","indexId":"70225622","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-04T09:24:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sea otter foraging behavior","docAbstract":"Sea otters are marine specialists but diet generalists, which feed primarily on benthic mega-invertebrates (i.e., body dimension >1 cm). They locate and capture epibenthic and infaunal prey with their forepaws by relying on vision and tactile sensitivity during short-duration dives (generally <2 min) in shallow waters (routine dives <30 m and maximum dive depth ~100 m) of the littoral zone. Sea otters have an elevated resting metabolic rate and small or no energy reserves in the form of blubber, so they feed every 3–4 h. Foraging dives often occur in bouts (i.e., two or more consecutive dives), which may last several hours with 1–2 min between dives, depending on the type of prey. Sea otters consume small or soft prey entirely or use their teeth or stone tools to access the flesh of mega-invertebrates with a shell, test, or exoskeleton. The daily percentage of time that sea otters devote to foraging depends on age, sex, presence of a pup, time of year, and prey abundance, which varies geographically, seasonally, and episodically. In areas occupied by sea otters for many years, epifaunal prey generally decline first followed by infaunal species, and this may result in greater foraging effort and diet specialization associated with density-dependent competition for food. Although prey availability strongly influences sea otter carrying capacity, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence population equilibrium density, resulting in spatiotemporal variations in foraging behavior.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_4","usgsCitation":"Davis, R.W., and Bodkin, J.L., 2021, Sea otter foraging behavior, chap. of Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears, p. 57-81, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_4.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-122462","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Randall W.","contributorId":131160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221859,"text":"70221859 - 2021 - Evaluating corticosterone as a biomarker for amphibians exposed to increased salinity and ambient corticosterone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-12T17:29:11.820999","indexId":"70221859","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-03T12:25:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3919,"text":"Conservation Physiology","onlineIssn":"2051-1434","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating corticosterone as a biomarker for amphibians exposed to increased salinity and ambient corticosterone","docAbstract":"Physiological biomarkers are commonly used to assess the health of taxa exposed to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are often used as indicators of physiological stress in wildlife because they affect growth, reproduction and survival. Increased salinity from human activities negatively influences amphibians and their corticosterone (CORT; the main amphibian GC) physiology; therefore, CORT could be a useful biomarker. We evaluated whether waterborne CORT could serve as a biomarker of salt stress for three free-living amphibian species that vary in their sensitivity to salinity: boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata), northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium). Across a gradient of contamination from energy-related saline wastewaters, we tested the effects of salinity on baseline and stress-induced waterborne CORT of larvae. Stress-induced, but not baseline, CORT of leopard frogs increased with increasing salinity. Salinity was not associated with baseline or stress-induced CORT of chorus frogs or tiger salamanders. Associations between CORT and salinity were also not related to species-specific sensitivities to salinity. However, we detected background environmental CORT (ambient CORT) in all wetlands and spatial variation was high within and among wetlands. Higher ambient CORT was associated with lower waterborne CORT of larvae in wetlands. Therefore, ambient CORT likely confounded associations between waterborne CORT and salinity in our analysis and possibly influenced physiology of larvae. We hypothesize that larvae may passively take up CORT from their environment and downregulate endogenous CORT. Although effects of some hormones (e.g. oestrogen) and endocrine disruptors on aquatic organisms are well described, studies investigating the occurrence and effects of ambient CORT are limited. We provide suggestions to improve collection methods, reduce variability and avoid confounding effects of ambient CORT. By making changes to methodology, waterborne CORT could still be a promising, non-invasive conservation tool to evaluate effects of salinity on amphibians.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coab049","usgsCitation":"Tornabene, B., Hossack, B., Crespi, E.J., and Breuner, C., 2021, Evaluating corticosterone as a biomarker for amphibians exposed to increased salinity and ambient corticosterone: Conservation Physiology, v. 9, no. 1, coab049, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coab049.","productDescription":"coab049, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127959","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coab049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.205078125,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -105.205078125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -105.205078125,\n 47.45780853075031\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tornabene, Brian J.","contributorId":200041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tornabene","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crespi, Erica J","contributorId":260876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crespi","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breuner, Creagh W","contributorId":241893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breuner","given":"Creagh W","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70223170,"text":"70223170 - 2021 - The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: Melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T13:26:14.993263","indexId":"70223170","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-03T08:23:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: Melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling","docAbstract":"Kīlauea Volcano’s 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption produced exceptionally high lava effusion rates and record-setting SO2 emissions. The eruption involved a diverse range of magmas, including primitive basalts sourced from Kīlauea’s summit reservoirs. We analyzed LERZ matrix glasses, melt inclusions, and host minerals to identify melt volatile contents and magma storage depths. The LERZ glasses and melt inclusions span nearly the entire compositional range previously recognized at Kīlauea. Melt inclusions in Fo86-89 olivine from the main eruptive vent (fissure 8) underwent 70–170 °C cooling during transport in LERZ carrier melts, causing extensive post-entrapment crystallization and sulfide precipitation. Many of these melt inclusions have low sulfur (400–900 ppm) even after correction for sulfide formation. CO2 and H2O vapor saturation pressures indicate shallow melt inclusion trapping depths (1–5 km), consistent with formation within Kīlauea’s Halemaʻumaʻu and South Caldera reservoirs. Many of these inclusions also have degassed δ34S values (− 1.5 to − 0.5‰). Collectively, these results indicate that some primitive melts experienced near-surface degassing before being trapped into melt inclusions. We propose that decades-to-centuries of repeated lava lake activity and lava drain-back during eruptions (e.g., 1959 Kīlauea Iki) recycled substantial volumes of degassed magma into Kīlauea’s shallow reservoir system. Degassing and magma recycling from the 2008–2018 Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake likely reduced the volatile contents of LERZ fissure 8 magmas, resulting in lower fountain heights compared to many prior Kīlauea eruptions. The eruption’s extreme SO2 emissions were due to high lava effusion rates rather than particularly volatile-rich melts.