Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations have suffered precipitous declines in the St. Clair–Detroit River system, following the removal of gravel spawning substrates and overfishing in the late 1800s to mid-1900s. To assist the remediation of lake sturgeon spawning habitat, three hydrodynamic models were integrated into a spatial model to identify areas in two large rivers, where water velocities were appropriate for the restoration of lake sturgeon spawning habitat. Here we use water velocity data collected with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to assess the ability of the spatial model and its sub-models to correctly identify areas where water velocities were deemed suitable for restoration of fish spawning habitat. ArcMap 10.1 was used to create raster grids of water velocity data from model estimates and ADCP measurements which were compared to determine the percentage of cells similarly classified as unsuitable, suitable, or ideal for fish spawning habitat remediation. The spatial model categorized 65% of the raster cells the same as depth-averaged water velocity measurements from the ADCP and 72% of the raster cells the same as surface water velocity measurements from the ADCP. Sub-models focused on depth-averaged velocities categorized the greatest percentage of cells similar to ADCP measurements where 74% and 76% of cells were the same as depth-averaged water velocity measurements. Our results indicate that integrating depth-averaged and surface water velocity hydrodynamic models may have biased the spatial model and overestimated suitable spawning habitat. A model solely integrating depth-averaged velocity models could improve identification of areas suitable for restoration of fish spawning habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.019","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J.L., Bennion, D., Roseman, E., and Manny, B.A., 2015, Validation of a spatial model used to locate fish spawning reef construction sites in the St. Clair–Detroit River system: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1178-1184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.019.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1178","endPage":"1184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064602","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River, Lake St. Clair","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.496337890625,\n 42.81555136172695\n ],\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 42.62991729384455\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 42.70867781741311\n ],\n [\n -82.8424072265625,\n 42.65820178455667\n ],\n [\n -82.91107177734375,\n 42.48425110546248\n ],\n [\n -82.9742431640625,\n 42.36057345238458\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -83.21868896484375,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -83.2159423828125,\n 42.01869237684385\n ],\n [\n -83.08959960937499,\n 42.05948945192712\n ],\n [\n -83.067626953125,\n 42.28340504748079\n ],\n [\n -82.93853759765625,\n 42.33215399891373\n ],\n [\n -82.74627685546874,\n 42.28340504748079\n ],\n [\n -82.452392578125,\n 42.3037216984154\n ],\n [\n -82.39471435546875,\n 42.36869093640926\n ],\n [\n -82.3919677734375,\n 42.49640294093708\n ],\n [\n -82.49908447265625,\n 42.5995982130586\n ],\n [\n -82.44964599609374,\n 42.817566071581616\n ],\n [\n -82.496337890625,\n 42.81555136172695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5639db04e4b0d6133fe732d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Jason L. 0000-0001-7226-6500 jfischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-6500","contributorId":149532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jason","email":"jfischer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennion, David 0000-0003-4927-4195 dbennion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-4195","contributorId":149533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennion","given":"David","email":"dbennion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. eroseman@usgs.gov","contributorId":138592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","email":"eroseman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159458,"text":"70159458 - 2015 - Exploration of the canyon-incised continental margin of the northeastern United States reveals dynamic habitats and diverse communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:29:28","indexId":"70159458","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-02T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration of the canyon-incised continental margin of the northeastern United States reveals dynamic habitats and diverse communities","docAbstract":"The continental margin off the northeastern United States (NEUS) contains numerous, topographically complex features that increase habitat heterogeneity across the region. However, the majority of these rugged features have never been surveyed, particularly using direct observations. During summer 2013, 31 Remotely-Operated Vehicle (ROV) dives were conducted from 494 to 3271 m depth across a variety of seafloor features to document communities and to infer geological processes that produced such features. The ROV surveyed six broad-scale habitat features, consisting of shelf-breaching canyons, slope-sourced canyons, inter-canyon areas, open-slope/landslide-scar areas, hydrocarbon seeps, and Mytilus Seamount. Four previously unknown chemosynthetic communities dominated by Bathymodiolus mussels were documented. Seafloor methane hydrate was observed at two seep sites. Multivariate analyses indicated that depth and broad-scale habitat significantly influenced megafaunal coral (58 taxa), demersal fish (69 taxa), and decapod crustacean (34 taxa) assemblages. Species richness of fishes and crustaceans significantly declined with depth, while there was no relationship between coral richness and depth. Turnover in assemblage structure occurred on the middle to lower slope at the approximate boundaries of water masses found previously in the region. Coral species richness was also an important variable explaining variation in fish and crustacean assemblages. Coral diversity may serve as an indicator of habitat suitability and variation in available niche diversity for these taxonomic groups. Our surveys added 24 putative coral species and three fishes to the known regional fauna, including the black coral Telopathes magna, the octocoral Metallogorgia melanotrichosand the fishes Gaidropsarus argentatus, Guttigadus latifrons, and Lepidion guentheri. Marine litter was observed on 81% of the dives, with at least 12 coral colonies entangled in debris. While initial exploration revealed the NEUS region to be both geologically dynamic and biologically diverse, further research into the abiotic conditions and the biotic interactions that influence species abundance and distribution is needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0139904","collaboration":"NOAA, TAMU, WHOI, UCONN, MSU (Mississippi)","usgsCitation":"Quattrini, A., Nizinski, M.S., Chaytor, J., Demopoulos, A.W., Roark, E., France, S., Moore, J.A., Heyl, T.P., Auster, P.J., Ruppel, C., Elliott, K.P., Kennedy, B.R., Lobecker, E.A., Skarke, A., and Shank, T., 2015, Exploration of the canyon-incised continental margin of the northeastern United States reveals dynamic habitats and diverse communities: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 10, e0139904: 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139904.","productDescription":"e0139904: 32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064221","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139904","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern United States, Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, MA, Cape Hatteras, NC","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -71.9384765625,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -68.90625,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -67.2802734375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -65.9619140625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -65.302734375,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -65.7861328125,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -66.4453125,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -68.203125,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -69.6533203125,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -72.2900390625,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -74.3994140625,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 34.52466147177172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56388934e4b0d6133fe72f81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quattrini, Andrea aquattrini@usgs.gov","contributorId":149599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quattrini","given":"Andrea","email":"aquattrini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nizinski, Martha S.","contributorId":87680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nizinski","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason 0000-0001-8135-8677 jchaytor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8677","contributorId":140095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694 ademopoulos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":145681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","email":"ademopoulos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roark, E. 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C.","contributorId":149603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R. C.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lobecker, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":98651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobecker","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Skarke, Adam","contributorId":34055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skarke","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Shank, Timothy M.","contributorId":100722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shank","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70158960,"text":"sir20155146 - 2015 - Climate and streamflow characteristics for selected streamgages in eastern South Dakota, water years 1945–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:01:45","indexId":"sir20155146","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-02T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5146","title":"Climate and streamflow characteristics for selected streamgages in eastern South Dakota, water years 1945–2013","docAbstract":"Upward trends in precipitation and streamflow have been observed in the northeastern Missouri River Basin during the past century, including the area of eastern South Dakota. Some of the identified upward trends were anomalously large relative to surrounding parts of the northern Great Plains. Forcing factors for streamflow trends in eastern South Dakota are not well understood, and it is not known whether streamflow trends are driven primarily by climatic changes or various land-use changes. Understanding the effects that climate (specifically precipitation and temperature) has on streamflow characteristics within a region will help to better understand additional factors such as land-use alterations that may affect the hydrology of the region. To aid in this understanding, a study was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the East Dakota Water Development District and James River Water Development District, to assess trends in climate and streamflow characteristics at 10 selected streamgages in eastern South Dakota for water years (WYs) 1945–2013 (69 years) and WYs 1980–2013 (34 years). A WY is the 12-month period, October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. One streamgage is on the Whetstone River, a tributary to the Minnesota River, and the other streamgages are in the James, Big Sioux, and Vermillion River Basins. The watersheds for two of the James River streamgages extend into North Dakota, and parts of the watersheds for two of the Big Sioux River streamgages extend into Minnesota and Iowa. The objectives of this study were to document trends in streamflow and precipitation in these watersheds, and characterize the residual streamflow variability that might be attributed to factors other than precipitation. Residuals were computed as the departure from a locally-weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) model. Significance of trends was based on the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test at a 0.10 significance level.
\nOf the 10 streamgages selected, only the Elm River at Westport (in the upper part of James River Basin) did not have a significant upward trend in annual mean streamflow for WYs 1945–2013, whereas only one-half of the streamgages had significant upward trends in annual mean streamflow for WYs 1980–2013. Mean and 7-day minimum streamflows also had upward trends for the spring runoff period (March–May) for most of the streamgages during WYs 1945–2013 and for one streamgage during WYs 1980–2013. Magnitudes of increases in streamflow were as great as 30 cubic feet per second per year for the streamgage on the James River near Scotland during WYs 1980–2013.
\nPrecipitation trends for WYs 1945–2013 were not necessarily significant for the watersheds of streamgages with a significant streamflow trend. Annual total precipitation had a significant upward trend for the watersheds of 4 of the 10 streamgages during WYs 1945–2013 and no significant trends for WYs 1980–2013. The most widespread precipitation increase was for September–November, with significant upward trends for the watersheds of 8 of the 10 streamgages during WYs 1945–2013; however, no trends in September– November precipitation were significant for WYs 1980–2013. The greatest magnitude of increase in precipitation was for the December–May season during WYs 1980–2013, which had a mean increase of 0.106 inch per year in the watersheds of streamgages with significant trends.
\nThe correlation between streamflow and precipitation metrics was low as indicated by the mean coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.18 for all pairs considered. The highest locally-weighed scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) correlation was between annual precipitation (by water year) and annual mean streamflow (by water year), which had a mean R2 of 0.47 for all streamgages and was as high as 0.72 for one streamgage. The correlation between annual precipitation and March–May mean streamflow had a mean R2 of 0.33 for all streamgages and was as high as 0.52 for one streamgage. Other metrics had R2 values for LOWESS correlations that were less than 0.3 and were not further considered for analyses of residuals. For annual precipitation as a predictor of annual mean flow, precipitation-removed streamflow had significant upward trends during WYs 1945–2013 for one-half of the streamgages. Upward trends in residual annual mean streamflow were indicated for the Whetstone River and lower part of the Big Sioux River Basin, indicating that other factors are contributors to streamflow variability during WYs 1945–2013. In contrast, most of the streamgages in the James and Vermillion River Basins had no trends in residual annual mean streamflow, indicating that streamflow trends can be explained primarily by precipitation. Precipitation-removed streamflow had fewer trends during the more recent analysis period of WYs 1980–2013 than WYs 1945–2013 for all streamgages in eastern South Dakota. Upward trends in residuals for March– May mean streamflow were indicated for Skunk Creek at Sioux Falls and the Big Sioux River at Akron, but trends in residuals were not significant at the remaining streamgages.
\nFor the streamgages with significant trends in residual streamflow (such as the streamgage on the Whetstone River and streamgages in the Big Sioux River Basin), land-use changes likely are minor factors, with the main factors probably being changes in the timing and frequency of large precipitation events and persistently wetter antecedent conditions. Changes in the relation between precipitation and streamflow since 1945 were evident when considering the runoff efficiency of the watershed. For example, the streamflow response to annual precipitation of 25 inches for the James River near Scotland increased from approximately 1,000 cubic feet per second for WYs 1945–1990 to about 2,500 cubic feet per second for WYs 1991–2013. The importance of antecedent conditions on annual mean streamflow also was indicated by the significance of the multiple linear regression coefficients of annual mean streamflow and precipitation from preceding water years for all but one streamgage. In addition, rising groundwater levels are present in wells in eastern South Dakota, particularly since the 1980s.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the East Dakota Water Development District and James River Water Development District","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G.K., and Stamm, J.F., 2015, Climate and streamflow characteristics for selected streamgages in eastern\nSouth Dakota, water years 1945–2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5146, 35 p., with\nappendix, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155146.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1944-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-066397","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5146/sir20155146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5146"},{"id":310792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5146/appendix.xlsx","text":"Appendix","size":"94 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5146 Appendix"},{"id":310789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5146/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Big Sioux River basin, James River basin, Minnesota River basin, Vermillion River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.8876953125,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -100.17333984375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -100.2392578125,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -98.8330078125,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -98.59130859375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -97.88818359375,\n 42.76314586689494\n ],\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -96.96533203125,\n 44.793530904744074\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -96.83349609375,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -98.06396484375,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -98.4814453125,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -99.25048828124999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -99.8876953125,\n 46.649436163350245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, South Dakota 57702
http://sd.water.usgs.gov/
The seismic signatures of calving events, i.e., calving icequakes, offer an opportunity to examine calving variability with greater precision than is available with other methods. Here using observations from Yahtse Glacier, Alaska, we describe methods to detect, locate, and characterize calving icequakes. We combine these icequake records with a coincident, manually generated record of observed calving events to develop and validate a statistical model through which we can infer iceberg sizes from the properties of calving icequakes. We find that the icequake duration is the single most significant predictor of an iceberg's size. We then apply this model to 18 months of seismic recordings and find elevated iceberg calving flux during the summer and fall and a pronounced lull in calving during midwinter. Calving flux is sensitive to semidiurnal tidal stage. Large calving events are tens of percent more likely during falling and low tides than during rising and high tides, consistent with a view that deeper water has a stabilizing influence on glacier termini. Multiple factors affect the occurrence of mechanical fractures that ultimately lead to iceberg calving. At Yahtse Glacier, seismology allows us to demonstrate that variations in the rate of submarine melt are a dominant control on iceberg calving rates at seasonal timescales. On hourly to daily timescales, tidal modulation of the normal stress against the glacier terminus reveals the nonlinear glacier response to changes in the near-terminus stress field.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003641","usgsCitation":"Bartholomaus, T., Larsen, C.F., West, M.E., O’Neel, S., Pettit, E.C., and Truffer, M., 2015, Tidal and seasonal variations in calving flux observed with passive seismology: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 120, no. 11, p. 2318-2337, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003641.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2318","endPage":"2337","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068427","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003641","text":"Publisher Index 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Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of ground ice dynamics and ecological feedbacks in recent ice wedge degradation and stabilization","docAbstract":"Ground ice is abundant in the upper permafrost throughout the Arctic and fundamentally affects terrain responses to climate warming. Ice wedges, which form near the surface and are the dominant type of massive ice in the Arctic, are particularly vulnerable to warming. Yet processes controlling ice wedge degradation and stabilization are poorly understood. Here we quantified ice wedge volume and degradation rates, compared ground ice characteristics and thermal regimes across a sequence of five degradation and stabilization stages and evaluated biophysical feedbacks controlling permafrost stability near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Mean ice wedge volume in the top 3 m of permafrost was 21%. Imagery from 1949 to 2012 showed thermokarst extent (area of water-filled troughs) was relatively small from 1949 (0.9%) to 1988 (1.5%), abruptly increased by 2004 (6.3%) and increased slightly by 2012 (7.5%). Mean annual surface temperatures varied by 4.9°C among degradation and stabilization stages and by 9.9°C from polygon center to deep lake bottom. Mean thicknesses of the active layer, ice-poor transient layer, ice-rich intermediate layer, thermokarst cave ice, and wedge ice varied substantially among stages. In early stages, thaw settlement caused water to impound in thermokarst troughs, creating positive feedbacks that increased net radiation, soil heat flux, and soil temperatures. Plant growth and organic matter accumulation in the degraded troughs provided negative feedbacks that allowed ground ice to aggrade and heave the surface, thus reducing surface water depth and soil temperatures in later stages. The ground ice dynamics and ecological feedbacks greatly complicate efforts to assess permafrost responses to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003602","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, M.T., Kanevskiy, M., Shur, Y., Moskalenko, N., Brown, D., Wickland, K.P., Striegl, R.G., and Koch, J.C., 2015, Role of ground ice dynamics and ecological feedbacks in recent ice wedge degradation and stabilization: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 120, no. 11, p. 2280-2297, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003602.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2280","endPage":"2297","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069489","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003602","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6644e4b07e28b6684da7","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015jf003602","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003602","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Jorgenson M. 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","language":"English","publisher":"AWRA","usgsCitation":"Rea, A., Clark, E., Adams, A., and Samuels, W.B., 2015, The Open Water Data Initiative: Water information for a thirsty nation: Water Resources Impact, v. 17, no. 6, p. 7-10.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-068712","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe57e4b06e28e9c252ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, Alan ahrea@usgs.gov","contributorId":198813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","email":"ahrea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Edward","contributorId":198814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Angela","contributorId":198815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuels, William B.","contributorId":198816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samuels","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159630,"text":"70159630 - 2015 - Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T16:07:41","indexId":"70159630","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing to monitor cover crop adoption in southeastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"In the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, winter cereal cover crops are often planted in rotation with summer crops to reduce the loss of nutrients and sediment from agricultural systems. Cover crops can also improve soil health, control weeds and pests, supplement forage needs, and support resilient cropping systems. In southeastern Pennsylvania, cover crops can be successfully established following corn (Zea mays L.) silage harvest and are strongly promoted for use in this niche. They are also planted following corn grain, soybean (Glycine max L.), and vegetable harvest. In Pennsylvania, the use of winter cover crops for agricultural conservation has been supported through a combination of outreach, regulation, and incentives. On-farm implementation is thought to be increasing, but the actual extent of cover crops is not well quantified. Satellite imagery can be used to map green winter cover crop vegetation on agricultural fields and, when integrated with additional remote sensing data products, can be used to evaluate wintertime vegetative groundcover following specific summer crops. This study used Landsat and SPOT (System Probatoire d’ Observation de la Terre) satellite imagery, in combination with the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer, to evaluate the extent and amount of green wintertime vegetation on agricultural fields in four Pennsylvania counties (Berks, Lebanon, Lancaster, and York) from 2010 to 2013. In December of 2010, a windshield survey was conducted to collect baseline data on winter cover crop implementation, with particular focus on identifying corn harvested for silage (expected earlier harvest date and lower levels of crop residue), versus for grain (expected later harvest date and higher levels of crop residue). Satellite spectral indices were successfully used to detect both the amount of green vegetative groundcover and the amount of crop residue on the surveyed fields. Analysis of wintertime satellite imagery showed consistent increases in vegetative groundcover over the four-year study period and determined that trends did not result from annual weather variability, indicating that farmers are increasing adoption of practices such as cover cropping that promote wintertime vegetation. Between 2010 and 2013, the occurrence of wintertime vegetation on agricultural fields increased from 36% to 67% of corn fields in Berks County, from 53% to 75% in Lancaster County, from 42% to 65% in Lebanon County, and from 26% to 52% in York County. Apparently, efforts to promote cover crop use in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed have coincided with a rapid increase in the occurrence of wintertime vegetation following corn harvest in southeastern Pennsylvania. However, despite these increases, between 25% and 48% of corn fields remained without substantial green vegetation over the wintertime, indicating further opportunity for cover crop adoption.
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On November 4-5, 2015, the Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Institute and the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University, the US Geological Survey, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, convened a Dreissenid Mussel Research Priorities Workshop funded by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative. The purpose of the workshop was to review dreissenid research priorities in the 2010 Quagga-Zebra Mussel Action Plan for Western U.S. Waters, reassess those priorities, incorporate new information and emerging trends, and develop priorities to strategically focus research efforts on zebra and quagga mussels in the Pacific Northwest and ensure that future research is focused on the highest priorities. It is important to note that there is some repetition among dreissenid research priority categories (e.g., prevention, detection, control, monitoring, and biology).
Workshop participants with research experience in dreissenid mussel biology and management were identified by a literature review. State and federal agency managers were also invited to the workshop to ensure relevancy and practicality of the workshop outcomes. A total of 28 experts (see sidebar) in mussel biology, ecology, and management attended the workshop.
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Pacific salmonines Oncorhynchus spp. exemplify the importance of migratory fish as links between marine and freshwater systems; however, little attention has been given to sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Atlantic coastal systems. A first step to understanding the role of sea lamprey in freshwater food webs is to characterize the composition and rate of nutrient inputs. We conducted laboratory and field studies characterizing the elemental composition and the decay rates and subsequent water enriching effects of sea lamprey carcasses. Proximate tissue analysis demonstrated lamprey carcass nitrogen:phosphorus ratios of 20.2:1 (±1.18 SE). In the laboratory, carcass decay resulted in liberation of phosphorus within 1 week and nitrogen within 3 weeks. Nutrient liberation was accelerated at higher temperatures. In a natural stream, carcass decomposition resulted in an exponential decline in biomass, and after 24 days, the proportion of initial biomass remaining was 27% (±3.0% SE). We provide quantitative results as to the temporal dynamics of sea lamprey carcass decomposition and subsequent nutrient liberation. These nutrient subsidies may arrive at a critical time to maximize enrichment of stream food webs.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.07.017","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., Archfield, S.A., and DeCicco, L.A., 2015, A bootstrap method for estimating uncertainty of water quality trends: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 73, p. 148-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.07.017.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-067558","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.07.017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee36e4b0bc0bec09e90b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCicco, Laura A. 0000-0002-3915-9487 ldecicco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-9487","contributorId":174716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCicco","given":"Laura","email":"ldecicco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155230,"text":"70155230 - 2015 - Stable carbon isotope fractionation during bacterial acetylene fermentation: Potential for life detection in hydrocarbon-rich volatiles of icy planet(oid)s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:45:53","indexId":"70155230","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable carbon isotope fractionation during bacterial acetylene fermentation: Potential for life detection in hydrocarbon-rich volatiles of icy planet(oid)s","docAbstract":"We report the first study of stable carbon isotope fractionation during microbial fermentation of acetylene (C2H2) in sediments, sediment enrichments, and bacterial cultures. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) averaged 3.7 ± 0.5‰ for slurries prepared with sediment collected at an intertidal mudflat in San Francisco Bay and 2.7 ± 0.2‰ for a pure culture of Pelobacter sp. isolated from these sediments. A similar KIE of 1.8 ± 0.7‰ was obtained for methanogenic enrichments derived from sediment collected at freshwater Searsville Lake, California. However, C2H2 uptake by a highly enriched mixed culture (strain SV7) obtained from Searsville Lake sediments resulted in a larger KIE of 9.0 ± 0.7‰. These are modest KIEs when compared with fractionation observed during oxidation of C1 compounds such as methane and methyl halides but are comparable to results obtained with other C2compounds. These observations may be useful in distinguishing biologically active processes operating at distant locales in the Solar System where C2H2 is present. These locales include the surface of Saturn's largest moon Titan and the vaporous water- and hydrocarbon-rich jets emanating from Enceladus.
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However, the development and implementation of management strategies can be impeded by high levels of uncertainty and low levels of control over potentially impactful future events and their effects. Scenario planning and modeling are useful tools for expanding perspectives and informing decisions under these conditions. We coupled scenario planning and statistical modeling to explain and predict playa wetland inundation (i.e., presence/absence of water) and ponded area (i.e., extent of water) in the Rainwater Basin, an anthropogenically altered landscape that provides critical stopover habitat for migratory waterbirds. Inundation and ponded area models for total wetlands, those embedded in rowcrop fields, and those not embedded in rowcrop fields were trained and tested with wetland ponding data from 2004 and 2006–2009, and then used to make additional predictions under two alternative climate change scenarios for the year 2050, yielding a total of six predictive models and 18 prediction sets. Model performance ranged from moderate to good, with inundation models outperforming ponded area models, and models for non-rowcrop-embedded wetlands outperforming models for total wetlands and rowcrop-embedded wetlands. Model predictions indicate that if the temperature and precipitation changes assumed under our climate change scenarios occur, wetland stopover habitat availability in the Rainwater Basin could decrease in the future. The results of this and similar studies could be aggregated to increase knowledge about the potential spatial and temporal distributions of future stopover habitat along migration corridors, and to develop and prioritize multi-scale management actions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of global change on migratory waterbird populations.
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The geology of this area is dominated by slowly-weathering gneiss and granites, and oxidation of fresh rock surfaces can result in acidification of surface water. Sulfide-containing rock waste from excavations during construction work was therefore deposited in three waste rock deposits off-site. The deposits consist of 630,000–2,360,000 metric tons of waste rock material. Shell sand and limestone gravel were added in layers in adequate amounts to mitigate initial acid runoff in one of the deposits. The shell sand addition was not adequate in the two others. The pH in the effluents from these two was reduced from 4.9–6.5 to 4.0–4.6, and Al concentrations increased from below 0.4 mg/L to 10–20 mg/L. Stream concentrations of trace metals increased by a factor of 25–400, highest for Ni, and then in decreasing order for Co, Mn, Cd, Zn and Cu. Concentrations of As, Cr and Fe remained unchanged. Ratios of Co/Ni and Cd/Zn indicate that the metal sources for these pair of metals are sphalerite and pyrite, respectively. Based on surveys and established critical limits for Al, surface waters downstream became toxic to fish and invertebrates. The sulfur release rates were remarkably stable in the monitoring period at all three sites. Annual sulfur release was 0.1–0.4% of the total amount of sulfur in the deposit, indicating release periods of 250–800 years. Precipitates of Al-hydroxysulfates, well-known from mining sites, were found at the base of the deposits, in streams and also along the ocean shore-line. The effects of added neutralization agents in the deposits and in treatment areas downstream gradually decreased, as indicated by reduced stream pH over time. Active measures are needed to avoid harmful ecological effects in the future.
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Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Camia, Andrea","contributorId":150462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camia","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18032,"text":"European Commission, Joint Research Centere, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra Varese, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moreno, Jose M.","contributorId":150464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moreno","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18029,"text":"D Ciencias Ambientales, U Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70186870,"text":"70186870 - 2015 - Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:34:17","indexId":"70186870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions","docAbstract":"A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger volumes of crystalline rock was conducted in the Piedmont physiographic region near Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Fluid-injection tests were conducted on intervals of boreholes isolating closely spaced fractures. Single-hole tests were conducted by pumping in open boreholes for approximately 30 min, and an interference test was conducted by pumping a single borehole over 3 days while monitoring nearby boreholes. An estimate of the hydraulic conductivity of the rock over hundreds of meters was inferred from simulating groundwater inflow into a kilometer-long section of a Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority tunnel in the study area, and a groundwater modeling investigation over the Rock Creek watershed provided an estimate of the hydraulic conductivity over kilometers. The majority of groundwater flow is confined to relatively few fractures at a given location. Boreholes installed to depths of approximately 50 m have one or two highly transmissive fractures; the transmissivity of the remaining fractures ranges over five orders of magnitude. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger rock volumes varied by less than half an order of magnitude. While many investigations point to increasing hydraulic conductivity as a function of the measurement scale, a comparison with selected investigations shows that the effective hydraulic conductivity estimated over larger volumes of rock can either increase, decrease, or remain stable as a function of the measurement scale. Caution needs to be exhibited in characterizing effective hydraulic properties in fractured rock for the purposes of groundwater management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Ladderud, J., and Yager, R.M., 2015, Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1319-1339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1285-7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-065461","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dace4b0eed1ab8e3be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ladderud, Jeffery","contributorId":190799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladderud","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173437,"text":"70173437 - 2015 - Density of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in relation to energy development in the Green River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:42:07","indexId":"70173437","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in relation to energy development in the Green River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas have increased in recent years and are expected to expand in the future. Reduction in water quality from energy extraction may negatively affect water supply for agriculture and urban use within catchments as well as down river. We used non-invasive genetic techniques and capture–recapture modeling to estimate the abundance and density of North American river otters (Lontra canadensis), a sentinel species of aquatic ecosystems, in Southwestern Wyoming. While densities in two of three river reaches were similar to those reported in other freshwater systems in the western US (1.45–2.39 km per otter), otters appeared to avoid areas near energy development. We found no strong difference in habitat variables, such as overstory cover, at the site or reach level. Also, fish abundance was similar among the three river reaches. Otter activity in our study area could have been affected by elevated levels of disturbance surrounding the industrial gas fields, and by potential surface water contamination as indicated by patterns in water conductivity. Continued monitoring of surface water quality in Southwestern Wyoming with the aid of continuously recording devices and sentinel species is warranted.
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","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley and Sonc, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/etc.3108","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., 2015, In Response: Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing—A governmental perspective: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 11, p. 2440-2442, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3108.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2440","endPage":"2442","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066392","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ebd531e4b0f59b85da0672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185011,"text":"70185011 - 2015 - Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T12:55:24","indexId":"70185011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains","docAbstract":"The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily reference evapotranspiration (ETref) maps for the contiguous United States using climatic data from North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). This data provides large-scale spatial representation of ETref, which is essential for regional scale water resources management. Data used in the development of NOAA daily ETref maps are derived from observations over surfaces that are different from short (grass — ETos) or tall (alfalfa — ETrs) reference crops, often in nonagricultural settings, which carries an unknown discrepancy between assumed and actual conditions. In this study, NOAA daily ETos and ETrs maps were evaluated for accuracy, using observed data from the Texas High Plains Evapotranspiration (TXHPET) network. Daily ETos, ETrs and the climatic data (air temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation) used for calculating ETref were extracted from the NOAA maps for TXHPET locations and compared against ground measurements on reference grass surfaces. NOAA ETrefmaps generally overestimated the TXHPET observations (1.4 and 2.2 mm/day ETos and ETrs, respectively), which may be attributed to errors in the NLDAS modeled air temperature and wind speed, to which reference ETref is most sensitive. Therefore, a bias correction to NLDAS modeled air temperature and wind speed data, or adjustment to the resulting NOAA ETref, may be needed to improve the accuracy of NOAA ETref maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12303","usgsCitation":"Moorhead, J., Gowda, P.H., Hobbins, M., Senay, G., Paul, G., Marek, T., and Porter, D., 2015, Accuracy assessment of NOAA gridded daily reference evapotranspiration for the Texas High Plains: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1262-1271, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12303.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1262","endPage":"1271","ipdsId":"IP-063403","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"51","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90128e4b0849ce97abcf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moorhead, Jerry","contributorId":189262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moorhead","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gowda, Prasanna H.","contributorId":127439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowda","given":"Prasanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobbins, Michael","contributorId":127605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbins","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7075,"text":"National Integrated Drought Information System, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paul, George","contributorId":189263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marek, Thomas","contributorId":189264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marek","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Porter, Dana","contributorId":189265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159500,"text":"70159500 - 2015 - Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T14:02:46","indexId":"70159500","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient","docAbstract":"The Czech Republic was heavily industrialized in the second half of the 20th century but the associated emissions of Hg and S from coal burning were significantly reduced since the 1990s. We studied dissolved (filtered) stream water mercury (Hg) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations at five catchments with contrasting Hg and S deposition histories in the Bohemian part of the Czech Republic. The median filtered Hg concentrations of stream water samples collected in hydrological years 2012 and 2013 from the five sites varied by an order of magnitude from 1.3 to 18.0 ng L− 1. The Hg concentrations at individual catchments were strongly correlated with DOC concentrations r from 0.64 to 0.93 and with discharge r from 0.48 to 0.75. Annual export fluxes of filtered Hg from individual catchments ranged from 0.11 to 13.3 μg m− 2 yr− 1 and were highest at sites with the highest DOC export fluxes. However, the amount of Hg exported per unit DOC varied widely; the mean Hg/DOC ratio in stream water at the individual sites ranged from 0.28 to 0.90 ng mg− 1. The highest stream Hg/DOC ratios occurred at sites Pluhův Bor and Jezeří which both are in the heavily polluted Black Triangle area. Stream Hg/DOC was inversely related to mineral and total soil pool Hg/C across the five sites. We explain this pattern by greater soil Hg retention due to inhibition of soil organic matter decomposition at the sites with low stream Hg/DOC and/or by precipitation of a metacinnabar (HgS) phase. Thus mobilization of Hg into streams from forest soils likely depends on combined effects of organic matter decomposition dynamics and HgS-like phase precipitation, which were both affected by Hg and S deposition histories.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.016","usgsCitation":"Navrátil, T., Shanley, J.B., Rohovec, J., Oulehle, F., Kram, P., Matouskova, S., Tesar, M., and Hojdová, M., 2015, Mercury in stream water at five Czech catchments across a Hg and S deposition gradient: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 158, p. 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066709","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037567421530042X"}],"country":"Czech Republic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T16:51:17","indexId":"70162401","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient-enhanced decomposition of plant biomass in a freshwater wetland","docAbstract":"We studied soil decomposition in a Panicum hemitomon (Schultes)-dominated freshwater marsh located in southeastern Louisiana that was unambiguously changed by secondarily-treated municipal wastewater effluent. We used four approaches to evaluate how belowground biomass decomposition rates vary under different nutrient regimes in this marsh. The results of laboratory experiments demonstrated how nutrient enrichment enhanced the loss of soil or plant organic matter by 50%, and increased gas production. An experiment demonstrated that nitrogen, not phosphorus, limited decomposition. Cellulose decomposition at the field site was higher in the flowfield of the introduced secondarily treated sewage water, and the quality of the substrate (% N or % P) was directly related to the decomposition rates. We therefore rejected the null hypothesis that nutrient enrichment had no effect on the decomposition rates of these organic soils. In response to nutrient enrichment, plants respond through biomechanical or structural adaptations that alter the labile characteristics of plant tissue. These adaptations eventually change litter type and quality (where the marsh survives) as the % N content of plant tissue rises and is followed by even higher decomposition rates of the litter produced, creating a positive feedback loop. Marsh fragmentation will increase as a result. The assumptions and conditions underlying the use of unconstrained wastewater flow within natural wetlands, rather than controlled treatment within the confines of constructed wetlands, are revealed in the loss of previously sequestered carbon, habitat, public use, and other societal benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.08.001","usgsCitation":"Bodker, J.E., Turner, R.E., Tweel, A., Schulz, C., and Swarzenski, C.M., 2015, Nutrient-enhanced decomposition of plant biomass in a freshwater wetland: Aquatic Botany, v. 127, p. 44-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.08.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065558","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.08.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.53421020507812,\n 30.124936566556823\n ],\n [\n -90.53421020507812,\n 30.40959743218008\n ],\n [\n -89.901123046875,\n 30.40959743218008\n ],\n [\n -89.901123046875,\n 30.124936566556823\n ],\n [\n -90.53421020507812,\n 30.124936566556823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bfe4b0b28f1183bc0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodker, James E.","contributorId":152482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Robert Eugene","contributorId":51352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tweel, Andrew","contributorId":152451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tweel","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schulz, Christopher","contributorId":152483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulz","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70186009,"text":"70186009 - 2015 - LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T18:27:34.728232","indexId":"70186009","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","title":"LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry","docAbstract":"Rationale
Although laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) instrumentation is easy to use, its incorporation into laboratory operations is not easy, owing to extensive offline manipulation of comma-separated-values files for outlier detection, between-sample memory correction, nonlinearity (δ-variation with water amount) correction, drift correction, normalization to VSMOW-SLAP scales, and difficulty in performing long-term QA/QC audits.
Methods
A Microsoft Access relational-database application, LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) for Lasers 2015, was developed. It automates LAS data corrections and manages clients, projects, samples, instrument-sample lists, and triple-isotope (δ17O, δ18O, and δ2H values) instrumental data for liquid-water samples. It enables users to (1) graphically evaluate sample injections for variable water yields and high isotope-delta variance; (2) correct for between-sample carryover, instrumental drift, and δ nonlinearity; and (3) normalize final results to VSMOW-SLAP scales.
Results
Cost-free LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to obtain improved δ17O, δ18O, and δ2H values with liquid-water LAS instruments, even those with under-performing syringes. For example, LAS δ2HVSMOW measurements of USGS50 Lake Kyoga (Uganda) water using an under-performing syringe having ±10 % variation in water concentration gave +31.7 ± 1.6 ‰ (2-σ standard deviation), compared with the reference value of +32.8 ± 0.4 ‰, after correction for variation in δ value with water concentration, between-sample memory, and normalization to the VSMOW-SLAP scale.
Conclusions
LIMS for Lasers 2015 enables users to create systematic, well-founded instrument templates, import δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O results, evaluate performance with automatic graphical plots, correct for δ nonlinearity due to variable water concentration, correct for between-sample memory, adjust for drift, perform VSMOW-SLAP normalization, and perform long-term QA/QC audits easily. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.7372","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., and Wassenaar, L.I., 2015, LIMS for Lasers 2015 for achieving long-term accuracy and precision of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O of waters using laser absorption spectrometry: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 29, no. 22, p. 2122-2130, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7372.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2122","endPage":"2130","ipdsId":"IP-052265","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1950e4b02ff32c699ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182173,"text":"70182173 - 2015 - Ancient low–molecular-weight organic acids in permafrost fuel rapid carbon dioxide production upon thaw","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:39:36","indexId":"70182173","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient low–molecular-weight organic acids in permafrost fuel rapid carbon dioxide production upon thaw","docAbstract":"Northern permafrost soils store a vast reservoir of carbon, nearly twice that of the present atmosphere. Current and projected climate warming threatens widespread thaw of these frozen, organic carbon (OC)-rich soils. Upon thaw, mobilized permafrost OC in dissolved and particulate forms can enter streams and rivers, which are important processors of OC and conduits for carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. Here, we demonstrate that ancient dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from 35,800 y B.P. permafrost soils is rapidly mineralized to CO2. During 200-h experiments in a novel high–temporal-resolution bioreactor, DOC concentration decreased by an average of 53%, fueling a more than sevenfold increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration. Eighty-seven percent of the DOC loss to microbial uptake was derived from the low–molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids acetate and butyrate. To our knowledge, our study is the first to directly quantify high CO2 production rates from permafrost-derived LMW DOC mineralization. The observed DOC loss rates are among the highest reported for permafrost carbon and demonstrate the potential importance of LMW DOC in driving the rapid metabolism of Pleistocene-age permafrost carbon upon thaw and the outgassing of CO2 to the atmosphere by soils and nearby inland waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1511705112","usgsCitation":"Drake, T.W., Wickland, K.P., Spencer, R., McKnight, D.M., and Striegl, R.G., 2015, Ancient low–molecular-weight organic acids in permafrost fuel rapid carbon dioxide production upon thaw: PNAS, v. 112, no. 45, p. 13946-13951, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511705112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"13946","endPage":"13951","ipdsId":"IP-061581","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511705112","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e2ee4b0ce4410e7d5f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Travis W.","contributorId":181871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158668,"text":"sir20155144 - 2015 - Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the city of Independence, Missouri, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:37:53","indexId":"sir20155144","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5144","title":"Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the city of Independence, Missouri, 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Department, has historically collected water-quality samples using the purge and pump method (hereafter referred to as pump method) to identify potential contamination in groundwater supply wells within the Independence well field. If grab sample results are comparable to the pump method, grab samplers may reduce time, labor, and overall cost. This study was designed to compare constituent concentrations between samples collected within the Independence well field using the pump method and the grab method.
\nRelative percent differences between environmental grab and duplicate grab samples were greater than 10 percent for 80 percent of the constituents. Duplicate grab samples were collected by tethering two grab samplers together, because the amount of water collected by each grab sampler is close to the amount necessary for analysis. The screened interval lengths of monitoring wells within the Independence well field is not conducive to collecting multiple grab samples by tethering samplers. The inability to collect required duplicate quality assurance samples may limit the use of grab samplers.
\nConcentrations between pump and grab samples were similar for analyzed nutrient species, the variability between methods was less than the variability between historical duplicate samples, and there were no significant differences determined. Major ion relative percent differences were less than 10 percent and root mean square error differences between methods and between historical duplicate samples were less than 1 milligram per liter with the exception of sulfate. Statistically significant differences were determined between pump and grab samples for sodium and fluoride. There is a strong association between major ion pump and grab samples based on bivariate plots and simple linear regressions. Variability between pump and grab samples of analyzed nutrients and major ions may have minimal effect on the ability to monitor temporal changes and potential groundwater contamination threats.
\nRelative percent differences between methods were greater than 10 percent for most analyzed trace elements. Barium, cobalt, manganese, and boron had concentrations that were significantly different between sampling methods. Barium, molybdenum, boron, and uranium method concentrations indicate a close association between pump and grab samples based on bivariate plots and simple linear regressions. Grab sample concentrations were generally larger than pump concentrations for these elements and may be because of using a larger pore sized filter for grab samples. Analysis of zinc blank samples suggests zinc contamination in filtered grab samples. Variations of analyzed trace elements between pump and grab samples could reduce the ability to monitor temporal changes and potential groundwater contamination threats. The degree of precision necessary for monitoring potential groundwater threats and application objectives need to be considered when determining acceptable variation amounts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Department","usgsCitation":"Krempa, H.M., 2015, Concentration comparison of selected constituents between groundwater samples collected within the Missouri River alluvial aquifer using purge and pump and grab-sampling methods, near the City of\nIndependence, Missouri, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations report 2015–5144, 19 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155144.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066496","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science 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Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
http://mo.water.usgs.gov/
Carbon cycling in mangrove forests represents a significant portion of the coastal wetland carbon (C) budget across the latitudes of the tropics and subtropics. Previous research suggests fluctuations in tidal inundation, temperature and salinity can influence forest metabolism and C cycling. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from respiration that occurs from below the canopy is contributed from different components. In this study, we investigated variation in CO2 flux among different below-canopy components (soil, leaf litter, course woody debris, soil including pneumatophores, prop roots, and surface water) in a riverine mangrove forest of Shark River Slough estuary, Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). The range in CO2 flux from different components exceeded that measured among sites along the oligohaline-saline gradient. Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) pneumatophores contributed the largest average CO2 flux. Over a narrow range of estuarine salinity (25–35 practical salinity units (PSU)), increased salinity resulted in lower CO2 flux to the atmosphere. Tidal inundation reduced soil CO2 flux overall but increased the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) observed in the overlying surface water upon flooding. Higher pCO2 in surface water is then subject to tidally driven export, largely as HCO3. Integration and scaling of CO2 flux rates to forest scale allowed for improved understanding of the relative contribution of different below-canopy components to mangrove forest ecosystem respiration (ER). Summing component CO2fluxes suggests a more significant contribution of below-canopy respiration to ER than previously considered. An understanding of below-canopy CO2 component fluxes and their contributions to ER can help to elucidate how C cycling will change with discrete disturbance events (e.g., hurricanes) and long-term change, including sea-level rise, and potential impact mangrove forests. As such, key controls on below-canopy ER must be taken into consideration when developing and modeling mangrove forest C budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012","usgsCitation":"Troxler, T.G., Barr, J.G., Fuentes, J.D., Engel, V.C., Anderson, G.H., Sanchez, C., Lagomosino, D., Price, R., and Davis, S., 2015, Component-specific dynamics of riverine mangrove CO2 efflux in the Florida coastal Everglades: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 213, p. 273-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"282","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059705","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471698,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.12.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Shark River Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 26.165298896316042\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 24.886436490787688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56333581e4b048076347ee97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troxler, Tiffany G.","contributorId":140212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troxler","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, Jordan G.","contributorId":85809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13531,"text":"South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuentes, Jose D.","contributorId":97231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, Victor C. 0000-0002-3858-7308 vengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":2329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Victor","email":"vengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Gordon H. 0000-0003-1675-8329 gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8329","contributorId":2771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gordon","email":"gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanchez, Christopher","contributorId":149511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17759,"text":"Univ. of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lagomosino, David","contributorId":149512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lagomosino","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Price, Rene","contributorId":149513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Rene","affiliations":[{"id":17760,"text":"Florida International Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Davis, Stephen E.","contributorId":73494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Stephen E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70178331,"text":"70178331 - 2015 - Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-11T14:00:24","indexId":"70178331","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Both endangered and non-endangered unionid mussels are heterogeneously distributed within the Allegheny River,\nPennsylvania. Mussel populations vary from high to low density downstream of Kinzua Dam, and the direction, amount, and\nrange of hyporheic exchange (seepage) at the sediment–water interface were suspected to influence their distribution and\nabundance. Nineteen hydrogeomorphic variables, including the quantification of seepage metrics, substrate size, river stage, river\ndischarge, and shear stress, were measured at five reaches on the Allegheny River within 80 km downstream of Kinzua Dam.\nAnalysis revealed significant (α = 0·05) non-linear correlations between mussel population density and directional mean seepage\n(positive relationship), river width (positive relationship), and median substrate size (negative relationship). Specifically, seepage\nfindings showed that increases in upward seepage and decreases in the overall range of seepage related to increases in mussel\npopulation density. River width, directional mean seepage, and median substrate size were also found to co-vary with marginal\nsignificance (α = 0·1), making their individual influences on mussel population density uncertain. Absolute mean seepage, water\ndepth, hydraulic head, temperature differences between the surface water and substrate, and other substrate metrics besides\nmedian grain size were not found to significantly correlate to mussel population density. Considering the physical processes often\nlinking seepage to other explanatory variables, future research in seepage–mussel relationships should work to isolate the\nmechanistic influence of hyporheic exchange independently from its common covariation with substrate size and\ngeomorphology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","doi":"10.1002/eco.1581","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Klos, P.Z., and Bumgardner, R.V., 2015, Influence of hyporheic exchange, substrate distribution, and other physically-linked hydrogeomorphic characteristics on abundance of freshwater mussels: Ecohydrology, v. 8, no. 7, p. 1284-1291, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1581.","productDescription":"7 p. 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Zion, Rosenberry Donald O., Nelson Glenn R.","journalName":"Ecohydrology","publicationDate":"11/27/2014","auditedOn":"12/15/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klos, P. 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