{"pageNumber":"4782","pageRowStart":"119525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70113239,"text":"70113239 - 1987 - New techniques for the quantification and modeling of remotely sensed alteration and linear features in mineral resource assessment studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T10:28:28","indexId":"70113239","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T10:24:35","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3023,"text":"Pecora XI Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New techniques for the quantification and modeling of remotely sensed alteration and linear features in mineral resource assessment studies","docAbstract":"

Linear structural features and hydrothermally altered rocks that were interpreted from Landsat data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in regional mineral resource appraisals for more than a decade. In the past, linear features and alterations have been incorporated into models for assessing mineral resources potential by manually overlaying these and other data sets. Recently, USGS research into computer-based geographic information systems (GIS) for mineral resources assessment programs has produced several new techniques for data analysis, quantification, and integration to meet assessment objectives.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora XI Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Trautwein, C., and Rowan, L.C., 1987, New techniques for the quantification and modeling of remotely sensed alteration and linear features in mineral resource assessment studies: Pecora XI Symposium, p. 86-87.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7786e4b0abf75cf2c16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113234,"text":"70113234 - 1987 - Application of combined Landsat thematic mapper and airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner data to lithologic mapping in Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T10:09:21","indexId":"70113234","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T10:02:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3023,"text":"Pecora XI Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of combined Landsat thematic mapper and airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner data to lithologic mapping in Nevada","docAbstract":"

Future Landsat satellites are to include the Thematic Mapper (TM) and also may incorporate additional multispectral scanners. One such scanner being considered for geologic and other applications is a four-channel thermal-infrared multispectral scanner having 60-m spatial resolution. This paper discusses the results of studies using combined Landsat TM and airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) digital data for lithologic discrimination, identification, and geologic mapping in two areas within the Basin and Range province of Nevada. Field and laboratory reflectance spectra in the visible and reflective-infrared and laboratory spectra in the thermal-infrared parts of the spectrum were used to verify distinctions made between rock types in the image data sets.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora XI Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Podwysocki, M.H., Ehmann, W., and Brickey, D., 1987, Application of combined Landsat thematic mapper and airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner data to lithologic mapping in Nevada: Pecora XI Symposium, p. 79-82.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.2,34.97 ], [ -116.2,37.52 ], [ -114.73,37.52 ], [ -114.73,34.97 ], [ -116.2,34.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae762ce4b0abf75cf2beb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podwysocki, M. H.","contributorId":70391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehmann, W. J.","contributorId":41836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehmann","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brickey, D.W.","contributorId":34156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brickey","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113228,"text":"70113228 - 1987 - Mapping contact metamorphic aureoles in Extremadura, Spain, using Landsat thematic mapper images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T09:54:01","indexId":"70113228","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T09:36:53","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3023,"text":"Pecora XI Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping contact metamorphic aureoles in Extremadura, Spain, using Landsat thematic mapper images","docAbstract":"

In the Extremadura region of western Spain, Ag, Pb, Zn, and Sn deposits occur in the pieces of late Hercynian granitic plutons and near the pluton contacts in late Proterozoic slate and metagraywacke that have been regionally metamorphosed to the green schist facies. The plutons generally are well exposed and have distinctive geomorphological expression and vegetation; poor exposures of the metasedimentary host rocks and extensive cultivation, however, make delineation of the contact aureoles difficult.

\n
\n

Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images have been used to distinguish soil developed on the contact metamorphic rocks from soil formed on the stratigraphically equivalent slate-metagraywacke sequence. The mineral constituents of these soils are similar, except that muscovite is more common in the contact metamorphic soil; carbonaceous material is common in both soils. Contact metamorphic soil have lower reflectance, especially in the 1.6-micrometers wavelength region (TM 5), and weaker Al-OH, Mg-OH, and Fe3+ absorption features than do spectra of the slate-metagraywacke soil. The low-reflectance and subdued absorption features exhibited by the contact metamorphic soil spectra are attributed to the high absorption coefficient f the carbonaceous material caused by heating during emplacement of the granitic plutons.

\n
\n

These spectral differences are evident in a TM 4/3, 4/5, 3/1 color-composite image. Initially, this image was used to outline the contact aureoles, but digital classification of the TM data was necessary for generating internally consistent maps of the distribution of the exposed contact metamorphic soil. In an August 1984, TM scene of the Caceras area, the plowed, vegetation-free fields were identified by their low TM 4/3 values. Then, ranges of TM 4/5 and 3/1 values were determine for selected plower fields within and outside the contact aureoles; TM 5 produced results similar to TM 4/5. Field evaluation, supported by X-ray diffraction and petrographic studies, confirmed the presence of more extensive aureoles than shown in published geologic maps; few misclassified areas were noted. Additional plowed fields consisting of exposed contact metamorphic soil were mapped digitally in an August 1985 TM scene.

\n
\n

Subsequently, this approach was used to map two 1-km-wide linear zones of contact metamorphosed rock and oil in the San Nicolas-Sn-W Mine area, which is located approximated 125 km southeast of the Caceras study area. Exposures of granite in the San Nicolas area are limited to a few unaltered granitic dikes in the mine and a small exposure of unaltered pegmatite-bearing granite in a quarry about 1.5 km west of the mine. The present of coarsely crystalline biotite and beryl in the granite in the quarry and of contact metamorphosed slate up to 2.5 km from the nearest granite exposure suggest that only the apical part of a pluton is exposed in the quarry and that a larger, shallowly buried body is probably present.

\n
\n

These results indicate that potential application of TM image analysis to mineral exploration in lithologically similar areas that are cultivated in spite of poor rock exposures.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora XI Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Anton-Pacheco, C., Brickey, D., Kingston, M., and Payas, A., 1987, Mapping contact metamorphic aureoles in Extremadura, Spain, using Landsat thematic mapper images: Pecora XI Symposium, p. 77-78.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","city":"Extremadura","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -7.545,37.941 ], [ -7.545,40.4867 ], [ -4.6476,40.4867 ], [ -4.6476,37.941 ], [ -7.545,37.941 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7772e4b0abf75cf2c130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anton-Pacheco, C.","contributorId":20485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anton-Pacheco","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brickey, D.W.","contributorId":34156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brickey","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kingston, M.J.","contributorId":88768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingston","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Payas, A.","contributorId":11953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payas","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121887,"text":"70121887 - 1987 - Opportunities to protect instream flows in Colorado and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T09:40:40","indexId":"70121887","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T09:32:25","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Opportunities to protect instream flows in Colorado and Wyoming","docAbstract":"

This document combines the efforts of several individuals, agencies, and organizations toward a common objective: the identification, description, and preliminary evaluation of promising opportunities for protecting instream uses of water under existing laws in Colorado and Wyoming.

\n
\n

This report is intended for the use of State and Federal planning and management personnel who need an overview of potential opportunities for preserving instream flows. It is not intended to replace or challenge the advice of agency counsel, nor it is written to provide legal advice. Instead, it is designed as a guide for the person trying to find his or her way among sometimes bewildering State statues and administrative practices. This report is not, and should not be taken as, official policy or prediction of future actions by any agency. It is simply a summary of some potential opportunities for protecting instream uses.

\n
\n

Toward these objectives, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, through its Water Resources Analysis Project, contracted in 1977 with Richard Dewsnup and Dallin Jensen to identify available strategies under State and Federal laws, interstate compacts, and water quality laws. A second firm, Enviro Control, Inc., was contracted to evaluate the most promising strategies. Two of the resulting documents were Instream Flow Strategies for Colorado and Instream Flow Strategies for Wyoming, which have been revised, updated, and combined in this report. Discussion of instream flow programs ad opportunities for each State--Colorado and Wyoming-- are written so that each report can be read independently, with minimal cross referencing from one State report to another.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Trembly, T.L., 1987, Opportunities to protect instream flows in Colorado and Wyoming, 91 p.","productDescription":"91 p.","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.04,36.99 ], [ -111.04,44.96 ], [ -102.04,44.96 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -111.04,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc4ddae4b0413fd75d6b01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trembly, Terrence L.","contributorId":18690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trembly","given":"Terrence","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014126,"text":"70014126 - 1987 - Bedform alignment in directionally varying flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-24T16:45:17.59303","indexId":"70014126","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedform alignment in directionally varying flows","docAbstract":"

Many kinds of sediment bedforms are presumed to trend either normal or parallel to the direction of sediment transport. For this reason, the trend of bedforms observed by remote sensing or by field observations is commonly used as an indicator of the direction of sediment transport. Such presumptions regarding bedform trend were tested experimentally in bidirectional flows by rotating a sand-covered board in steady winds. Transverse, oblique, and longitudinal bedforms were created by changing only two parameters: the angle between the two winds and the proportions of sand transported in the two directions. Regardless of whether the experimental bedforms were transverse, oblique, or longitudinal (as defined by the bedform trend relative to the resultant transport direction), they all had trends that yielded the maximum gross transport across the bedforms. The fact that many of the experimental bedforms were neither transverse nor parallel to the resultant transport direction suggests that transport directions cannot be accurately determined by presuming such alignment.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.237.4812.276","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., and Hunter, R.E., 1987, Bedform alignment in directionally varying flows: Science, v. 237, no. 4812, p. 276-278, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4812.276.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"276","endPage":"278","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","issue":"4812","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03fe4b0c8380cd4a693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, R. E.","contributorId":48148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189595,"text":"cir10084 - 1987 - Preliminary results from a study of natural slope failures triggered by the storm of November 3.5.1985, Germany Valley, West Virginia and Virginia: Chapter 4 in Landslides of eastern North America","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189595,"text":"cir10084 - 1987 - Preliminary results from a study of natural slope failures triggered by the storm of November 3.5.1985, Germany Valley, West Virginia and Virginia: Chapter 4 in Landslides of eastern North America","indexId":"cir10084","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","displayTitle":"Preliminary results from a study of natural slope failures triggered by the storm of November 3.5.1985, Germany Valley, West Virginia and Virginia: Chapter 4 in Landslides of eastern North America","title":"Preliminary results from a study of natural slope failures triggered by the storm of November 3.5.1985, Germany Valley, West Virginia and Virginia: Chapter 4 in Landslides of eastern North America"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4341,"text":"cir1008 - 1987 - Landslides of Eastern North America","indexId":"cir1008","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides of Eastern North America"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":4341,"text":"cir1008 - 1987 - Landslides of Eastern North America","indexId":"cir1008","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Landslides of Eastern North America"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-18T11:23:40","indexId":"cir10084","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1008","chapter":"4","displayTitle":"Preliminary results from a study of natural slope failures triggered by the storm of November 3.5.1985, Germany Valley, West Virginia and Virginia: Chapter 4 in Landslides of eastern North America","title":"Preliminary results from a study of natural slope failures triggered by the storm of November 3.5.1985, Germany Valley, West Virginia and Virginia: Chapter 4 in Landslides of eastern North America","docAbstract":"

During the first five days of November 1985, a low-pressure system in the Ohio River valley combined with a low-pressure system referred to as Tropical Storm Juan to produce heavy rainfall in the Potomac, James, and Rappahannock River basins. Severe flooding accompanied the rainfall; 43 lives were lost and the flood was estimated to be the most expensive natural disaster of 1985 in the United States (Scatena, 1986).

The rainfall also triggered many slope failures. An especially large concentration of slope failures was associated with an area of moderate rainfall centered in the Germany Valley in Pendleton County, West Virginia (fig. 4.1A ). This report describes some preliminary results from our continuing research into the geological and meteorological controls on the distributions of slope failures in the Germany Valley area.

The Germany Valley is the first major anticlinal valley in the Valley and Ridge province east of the Allegheny structural front (Diecchio, 1986). Our interest is focused on the portion from near Mouth of Seneca, West Virginia, in the Onego 7 .5-minute quadrangle, to near Mill Gap, Virginia, in the Mustoe 7.5-minute quadrangle (patterned in figs. 4.1 and 4.2). This area was a natural experiment for studying the effects of the storm because rainfall varied systematically from southwest to northeast along the valley, while bedrock lithology and structure are nearly constant. Furthermore, variation of rock types across the valley allows comparisons among lithologies at given levels of precipitation.

The valley is floored by Ordovician carbonates of the Trenton, Black River, and St. Paul Groups and shales of the Martinsburg (Reedsville) Shale. The ridges are formed by sandstones of the Tuscarora and Oswego Sandstones, and the Juniata formation. The southwestern quarter of the valley is drained by Back Creek of the James River basin, and the remainder of the valley drains north and west to the North Fprk of the South Branch Potomac River.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides of eastern North America (Circular 1008)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir10084","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Cron, E.D., and McGeehin, J.P., 1987, Preliminary results from a study of natural slope failures triggered by the storm of November 3.5.1985, Germany Valley, West Virginia and Virginia: Chapter 4 in Landslides of eastern North America: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1008, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir10084.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Germany Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.7,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -80.7,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -80.7,\n 37.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e2ae4b0d1f9f0640786","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cron, Elizabeth D.","contributorId":193169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cron","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":140956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210043,"text":"70210043 - 1987 - Seismology of the continental crust and upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T13:17:54.120955","indexId":"70210043","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-12T08:10:11","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismology of the continental crust and upper mantle","docAbstract":"

More seismological studies of the continental crust and sub‐crustal lithosphere of the United States have been completed in the past four years than at any other similar period, and a continued growth in activity is likely to continue for years to come. Several trends account for this phenomenon. First, the interest in seismic reflection studies generated initially by COCORP results in this country [Brown and others, 1986], and later by the British BIRPS results [Matthews and Gheadie, 1986], has led to the development of several other seismic reflection programs. Among the most active of these research programs are those of the University of Wyoming [Smithson and others, 1986], Virginia Polytechnic Institute, CALCRUST [Henyey, 1986], and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [Hamilton, 1986]. In Canada, the Lithoprobe program has achieved remarkable results in a variety of geographic locations [Green et al., 1986]. A second trend is the resurgence of interest in seismic‐refraction/wide‐angle reflection profiling. The year 1978 marked the beginning of this increased activity when several large projects were conducted in the western U.S., such as the Yellowstone‐Snake River Plain experiment organized by the University of Utah. Since 1979, a large amount of refraction/wide‐angle reflection data has been collected by the USGS and by university groups utilizing large numbers of state‐of‐the‐art industry seismographs in cooperative experiments. A third trend is the increased sophistication of other seismic methods such as teleseismic delay‐time methods, tomography, and receiver‐transfer functions. In these studies, permanent or temporary recording arrays have been used to determine local and regional crustal and upper‐mantle structure with impressive resolution.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/RG025i006p01168","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., 1987, Seismology of the continental crust and upper mantle: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1168-1176, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG025i006p01168.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1168","endPage":"1176","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185927,"text":"70185927 - 1987 - Fracture characterization by means of attenuation and generation of tube waves in fractured crystalline rock at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T09:50:14","indexId":"70185927","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fracture characterization by means of attenuation and generation of tube waves in fractured crystalline rock at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"

Results are presented from experiments carried out in conjunction with the U. S. Geological Survey at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. The study focuses on our ability to obtain orientation and transmissivity estimates of naturally occurring fractures. The collected data set includes a four-offset hydrophone vertical seismic profile, full waveform acoustic logs at 5, 15, and 34 kHz, borehole televiewer, temperature, resistivity, and self-potential logs, and borehole-to-borehole pump test data. Borehole televiewer and other geophysical logs indicate that permeable fractures intersect the Mirror Lake boreholes at numerous depths, but less than half of these fractures appear to have significant permeability beyond the annulus of drilling disturbance on the basis of acoustic waveform log analysis. The vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data indicate a single major permeable fracture near a depth of 44 m, corresponding to one of the most permeable fractures identified in the acoustic waveform log analysis. VSP data also indicate a somewhat less permeable fracture at 220 m and possible fractures at depths of 103 and 135 m; all correspond to major permeable fractures in the acoustic waveform data set. Pump test data confirm the presence of a hydraulic connection between the Mirror Lake boreholes through a shallow dipping zone of permeability at 44 m in depth. Effective fracture apertures calculated from modeled transmissivities correspond to those estimated for the largest fractures indicated on acoustic waveform logs but are over an order of magnitude larger than effective apertures calculated from tube waves in the VSP data set. This discrepancy is attributed to the effect of fracture stiffness. A new model is presented to account for the mechanical strength of asperities in resisting fracture closure during the passage of seismic waves during the generation of VSPs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB08p07989","usgsCitation":"Hardin, E., Cheng, C., Paillet, F., and Mendelson, J., 1987, Fracture characterization by means of attenuation and generation of tube waves in fractured crystalline rock at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B8, p. 7989-8006, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB08p07989.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"7989","endPage":"8006","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.26934051513672,\n 43.63359034903413\n ],\n [\n -71.279296875,\n 43.625886794606885\n ],\n [\n -71.26899719238281,\n 43.619673531511516\n ],\n [\n -71.25595092773438,\n 43.61097388438795\n ],\n [\n -71.2518310546875,\n 43.62340156642572\n ],\n [\n -71.2631607055664,\n 43.632844886919436\n ],\n [\n -71.26659393310547,\n 43.63334186269\n ],\n [\n -71.26934051513672,\n 43.63359034903413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc821e4b02ff32c685758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardin, E.L.","contributorId":190068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardin","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendelson, J.D.","contributorId":190067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendelson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210953,"text":"70210953 - 1987 - Site 612","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T16:05:52.617949","indexId":"70210953","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-07T15:13:25","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site 612","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.95.103.1987","usgsCitation":"Poag, C., and Watts, A.B., 1987, Site 612: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 95, p. 31-153, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.95.103.1987.","productDescription":"123 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.95.103.1987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Continental Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.44384765625,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -72.44384765625,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -72.44384765625,\n 38.34165619279595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Anthony B.","contributorId":8115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watts","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210952,"text":"70210952 - 1987 - Site 613","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:17:40.220721","indexId":"70210952","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-07T14:46:55","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site 613","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.95.104.1987","usgsCitation":"Poag, C., and Watts, A.B., 1987, Site 613: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 95, p. 155-241, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.95.104.1987.","productDescription":"87 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.95.104.1987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.31201171875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -72.31201171875,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -72.31201171875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Anthony B.","contributorId":8115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watts","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210944,"text":"70210944 - 1987 - Middle to late Miocene canyon cutting on the New Jersey continental slope: Biostratigraphic and seismic stratigraphic evidence (DSDP/Site 612)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:19:54.774816","indexId":"70210944","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-07T12:16:05","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle to late Miocene canyon cutting on the New Jersey continental slope: Biostratigraphic and seismic stratigraphic evidence (DSDP/Site 612)","docAbstract":"

We have identified and dated a major Miocene erosional surface (M1) on the New Jersey continental slope. This surface was penetrated at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 612, which was drilled near the thalweg of a buried V-shaped canyon. Biostratigraphic data at Site 612 firmly constrain the age of strata above the buried canyon surface as Zones CN7 (=NN9) and N16 (lowermost upper Miocene); the upper Miocene surface at Site 612 lies above lowermost Oligocene strata because of coalesced unconformities. We traced the M1 erosional surface to the COST B-3 well where upper middle Miocene strata underlie it. Biostratigraphic studies of other New Jersey continental slope boreholes (ASP 14, ASP 15) suggest that elsewhere the sediments immediately below the M1 surface encompass the Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone (= Zone N12-earliest N13; middle middle Miocene). The best age estimate is that M1 was eroded between 11.5 and 10.0 Ma. This erosional event apparently correlates with a similar event on the Irish and Florida continental margins and with oxygen-isotope evidence for a glacio-eustatic lowering.

","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<509:MTLMCC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Miller, K., Melillo, A., Mountain, G.S., Farre, J., and Poag, C., 1987, Middle to late Miocene canyon cutting on the New Jersey continental slope: Biostratigraphic and seismic stratigraphic evidence (DSDP/Site 612): Geology, v. 15, no. 6, p. 509-512, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<509:MTLMCC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"512","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey continental slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.026123046875,\n 39.18969082109678\n ],\n [\n -72.3779296875,\n 39.18969082109678\n ],\n [\n -72.3779296875,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -73.026123046875,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -73.026123046875,\n 39.18969082109678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, A.J.","contributorId":228847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mountain, Gregory S.","contributorId":29154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountain","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":792254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farre, J.A.","contributorId":228848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farre","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121465,"text":"70121465 - 1987 - Natural and anthropic factors as determinants of long-term streamwater chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-22T09:25:06","indexId":"70121465","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-06T09:23:43","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Natural and anthropic factors as determinants of long-term streamwater chemistry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Management of Subalpine Forests: Building on 50 Years of Research","conferenceTitle":"Management of Subalpine Forests: Building on 50 Years of Research","conferenceDate":"1987-07-06T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Silver Creek, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., 1987, Natural and anthropic factors as determinants of long-term streamwater chemistry, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f85978e4b03f038c5c187f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, Robert","contributorId":97058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221540,"text":"5221540 - 1987 - Recent sightings and a specimen record of the Trumpeter Swan in the Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T17:41:24.234854","indexId":"5221540","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent sightings and a specimen record of the Trumpeter Swan in the Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Northwestern Naturalist","doi":"10.2307/3535694","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., and Eltzroth, M., 1987, Recent sightings and a specimen record of the Trumpeter Swan in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: Murrelet, v. 68, no. 2, p. 55-56, https://doi.org/10.2307/3535694.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3535694","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette 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\"}}]}","volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, Lawrence J.","contributorId":35199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eltzroth, M.S.","contributorId":57563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eltzroth","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121408,"text":"70121408 - 1987 - Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T14:14:19","indexId":"70121408","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T13:56:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/17","title":"Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis","docAbstract":"

The Garrison Diversion Unit (GDU) of the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin program was authorized in 1965, with the purpose of diverting Missouri River water to the James River for irrigation, municipal and industrial water supply, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, and flood control. The project was reauthorized in 1986, with the specification that comprehensive studies be conducted to address a variety of issues. One of these ongoing studies addresses potential impacts of GDU construction and operation on lands of the National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) system, including Arrowwood and Sand Lake Refuges (the Refuges) on the James River. A number of concerns at these Refuges have been identified; the primary concerns addressed in this report include increased winter return flows, which would limit control of rough fish; increased turbidity during project construction, which would decrease production of sago pondweed; and increased water level fluctuations in the late spring and early summer, which would destroy the nests of some over-water nesting birds.

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The facilitated workshop described in this report was conducted February 18-20, 1987, under the joint sponsorship of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The primary objectives of the workshop were to evaluate the feasibility of using simulation modeling techniques to estimate GDU impacts on Arrowwood and Sand Lake Refuges and to suggest enhancements to the James River Refuge monitoring program. The workshop was structured around the formulation of four submodels: a Hydrology and Water Quality submodel to simulate changes in Refuge pool elevations, turnover rates, and water quality parameters (e.g., total dissolved solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, water temperature, pesticides) due to GDU construction and operation; a Vegetation submodel to simulate concomitant changes in wetland communities (e.g., sago pondweed, wet meadows, deep and shallow marsh); a Fish submodel to estimate changes in abundance or biomass of rough fish (carp, buffalo) and sportfish (northern pike); and a Wildlife submodel to calculate indices of waterfowl abundance or habitat suitability (e.g., for mallards, western grebes, migrating diving ducks, white-faced ibis, egrets, over-water nesters). Submodels considered weekly to monthly changes in pools within a Refuge over a time horizon of 30-50 years.

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Based on workshop discussions and past experience with impact analysis modeling, a phased modeling approach was recommended for the James River Refuges analysis. The first phase would involve two modeling efforts. The existing Sand Lake hydrology model, and a similar one developed for Arrowwood NWR, would be validated and used to predict changes on pool elevations and winter inflows to each pool for a variety of GDU alternatives. Outputs from simulations would then be evaluated in terms of potential fish and wildlife impacts. For example, the models could generate indices comparing the magnitude and timing of winter inflows for pre- and postproject conditions; fisheries biologists could then use these indices to better quantify their concerns relative to potential changes in the frequency of rough-fish control. The other modeling effort in the first phase would involve developing a sago pondweed growth model to integrate Refuge monitoring data and existing literature and perhaps to address some questions concerning turbidity impacts. A second phase of simulation modeling would be undertaken only if the initial analyses of hydrologic outputs indicated significant potential problems and if monitoring and research projects had clarified some of the biological and physical processes that cannot be modeled reliably at the present time (e.g., resuspension of sediments by carp, immigration and winter mortality of fish, loss of waterfowl nests due to wave action). The second phase would attempt to develop an integrated impact assessment model.

\n
\n

In order to address some of the biological and physical processes that presently are not well understood, a number of studies and enhancements to the Refuge monitoring program were suggested. The Hydrology and Water Quality workgroup recommended increasing turbidity and dissolved oxygen sampling, dropping expensive analysis of some trace elements, adding more pesticide analysis (including some biological monitoring), and developing better area-capacity data for the Sand Lake hydrology model. The Vegetation workgroup suggested expanding the number of monitoring stations, monitoring photosynthetically active radiation by depth, and modifying the biomass sampling procedure and schedule. Also suggested were additional analyses of existing Refuge monitoring data and additional field studies concerning sago growth under a variety of environmental conditions and effects of rough fish density on sago. A careful examination of Refuge narrative reports was recommended by the Fish workgroup to characterize conditions that led to various rates of winter-kill. Monitoring enhancement related to a better understanding of fish population dynamics included increasing dissolved oxygen monitoring, continuing present monitoring of fish movement upstream from Jamestown Reservoir into Arrowwood NWR, initiating similar efforts for upstream movement into Sand Lake NWR and downstream movements into both Refuges, and augmenting the present gillnetting program (or replacing it) with sampling for population and age/size structure estimates. The Wildlife workgroup suggested estimating the relative density of mallard nests in over-water and wet meadow nesting areas, estimating the number of western grebe nests lost due to wave action, delineating wet meadows on the Refuge vegetation maps, estimating annual tuber consumption by birds, and monitoring insect/macroinvertebrate abundance. The workgroup also suggested research studies to better understand the relationships between food supplies and the growth and survival of ducklings and young grebes.

\n
\n

the workshop discussions also helped identify some suggestions for modifying project features that, if feasible from an engineering and operational standpoint, would reduce impacts on Refuge lands. These suggestions included: designing drains with control structures or small \"reregulation\" reservoirs to hold winter return flows that might adversely affect rough fish control, spreading construction activities over a number of years to reduce potential impacts of turbidity on sago pondweed in any single year, scheduling construction to occur after the spring sprouting and elongation growth stages to reduce impacts on sago pondweed, and installing \"quick acting\" control structures at Arrowwood NWR to reduce pool level fluctuations that might destroy nests of some over-water nesting waterfowl.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Auble, G.T., Farmer, A.H., and Roelle, J.E., 1987, Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis, 79 p.","productDescription":"79 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707dfe4b05ec1f2431c03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222196,"text":"5222196 - 1987 - Effects of oral doses of fluoride on nestling European starlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T15:44:56.102016","indexId":"5222196","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of oral doses of fluoride on nestling European starlings","docAbstract":"

Nestling European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), raised and fed by free-living adults, were given daily oral doses of either distilled water, 193 mg sodium as Na2CO3 per kg of body weight (sodium control group), or 6, 10, 13, 17, 23, 30, 40, 80, 160 mg of the fluoride ion as NaF in distilled water per kg of body weight (mg/kg). Dosing began when nestlings were 24–48 hr old and continued for 16 days. The 24-hr LD50 of fluoride for day-old starlings was 50 mg/kg. The 16-day LD50 was 17 mg/kg. The sodium control group did not differ from the water control group with respect to any of the measured variables. Growth rates were significantly reduced in the 13 and 17 mg of fluoride/kg groups; weights of birds given higher dose levels were omitted from growth comparisons because of high, fluoride-induced mortality. Although prefledging weights for the 10, 13, and 17 mg of fluoride/kg groups averaged 3.6 to 8.6% less than controls at 17 days, this difference was not significant. Feather and bone growth of the fluoride and control groups were not different, except for keel length measured at 17 days of age which averaged less in the fluoride groups. Liver and spleen weights were not affected by fluoride treatments. No histological damage related to fluoride treatments was found in liver, spleen, or kidney. The logarithm of bone fluoride and magnesium concentration increased with the logarithm of increasing fluoride treatment levels and were significantly correlated with each other. Fluoride treatments had no effect on percent calcium or phosphorus in bone or plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. Oral doses of fluoride appear to be more toxic than equivalent dietary levels. Most birds probably acquire fluoride through their diet. Therefore, the results of the study may overstimate the potential effects of fluorides on songbirds living in fluoride-contaminated environments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/bf01055271","usgsCitation":"Fleming, W.J., Grue, C.E., Schuler, C., and Bunck, C.M., 1987, Effects of oral doses of fluoride on nestling European starlings: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 483-489, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01055271.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grue, Christian E. cgrue@usgs.gov","contributorId":3354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"Christian","email":"cgrue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":335775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, Carol cschuler@usgs.gov","contributorId":5735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Carol","email":"cschuler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M. cbunck@usgs.gov","contributorId":731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine","email":"cbunck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":335773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221529,"text":"5221529 - 1987 - Persistence of DDT and metabolites in wildlife from Washington State orchards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T17:22:45.897103","indexId":"5221529","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of DDT and metabolites in wildlife from Washington State orchards","docAbstract":"

Residues of the DDT group, particularly p,p′-DDT (DDT) were detected in high or unusual amounts in some wildlife samples collected in fruit orchards near Wenatchee, Washington from 1979 to 1983. Samples of birds contained p,p′-DDE (DDE) and DDT in ratios (DDE:DDT) as low as 2.6:1 in eggs and 1.9:1 in brains. An unexpectedly high number (about 50%) of some samples, such as fat of adult waterfowl, contained unusually low DDE:DDT ratios (≤10:l). At the lower sensitivity level (0.01 μg/g), 96% of the samples contained DDE and 46% contained DDT. From about 1946 to 1970, technical DDT was applied at very high rates to orchards in Washington (56 to 73 kg/ha/yr); some areas probably received 5≥1000 kg/ha over this period. Considerable wildlife mortality from DDT was documented during the period of intensive use, but only one DDT-related mortality was recorded during this study. The possible origin of the residues is discussed. Occurrence of DDT and its metabolites in resident wildlife and its food indicates continuing contamination that probably originates largely from past legal applications in the orchard system.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springerlink","doi":"10.1007/BF01055269","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., Stafford, C.J., and Grove, R.A., 1987, Persistence of DDT and metabolites in wildlife from Washington State orchards: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 467-476, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055269.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, R. A.","contributorId":6546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014208,"text":"70014208 - 1987 - Determination of Fe(III) and Fe(II) in oxalate extracts of sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:32:13.683449","indexId":"70014208","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of Fe(III) and Fe(II) in oxalate extracts of sediment","docAbstract":"

A method was developed to determine the concentrations of oxalate-extractable Fe(III) and Fe(II) in sediments. Sediment was extracted in acid ammonium oxalate under N2. Iron(II) in the extract was determined with ferrozine. Iron(III) in the extract was reduced with hydroxylamine-hydrochloride, and total Fe in the extract was determined with ferrozine. Oxalate-extractable Fe(III) was calculated as the difference between Fe(II) and total Fe in the extract. Iron(II) was not oxidized, and Fe(III) was not reduced during the extraction. For an accurate estimate of oxalate-extractable Fe(III), fresh samples had to be analyzed, because air-drying or freeze-drying the samples oxidized Fe(II) to oxalate-extractable Fe(III). With a minimal increase in analytical effort, the method yields far more information on Fe geochemistry than the standard aerobic oxalate extraction method.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100040021x","usgsCitation":"Phillips, E.J., and Lovley, D.R., 1987, Determination of Fe(III) and Fe(II) in oxalate extracts of sediment: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 51, no. 4, p. 938-941, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100040021x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"941","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff88e4b0c8380cd4f243","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174410,"text":"70174410 - 1987 - Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 2. Pelagic sulfate reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:51:34","indexId":"70174410","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 2. Pelagic sulfate reduction","docAbstract":"

The epilimnion of hypersaline, alkaline, meromictic Big Soda Lake contains an average 58 mmol sulfate liter−1 and 0.4 µmol dissolved iron liter−1. The monimolimnion, which is permanently anoxic, has a sulfide concentration ranging seasonally from 4 to 7 mmol liter−1. Depth profiles of sulfate reduction in the monimolimnion, assayed with a 35S tracer technique and in situ incubations, demonstrated that sulfate reduction occurs within the water column of this extreme environment. The average rate of reduction in the monimolimnion was 3 µmol sulfate liter−1 d−1in May compared to 0.9 in October. These values are comparable to rates of sulfate reduction reported for anoxic waters of more moderate environments. Sulfate reduction also occurred in the anoxic zone of the mixolimnion, though at significantly lower rates (0.025–0.090 µmol liter−1 d−1 at 25 m). Additions of FeS (1.0 mmol liter−1) doubled the endogenous rate of sulfate reduction in the monimolimnion, while MnS and kaolinite had no effect. These results suggest that sulfate reduction in Big Soda Lake is iron limited and controlled by seasonal variables other than temperature. Estimates of the organic carbon mineralized by sulfate reduction exceed measured fluxes of particulate organic carbon sinking from the mixolimnion. Thus, additional sources of electron donors (other than those derived from the sinking of pelagic autotrophs) may also fuel monimolimnetic sulfate reduction in the lake.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0794","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., and Oremland, R.S., 1987, Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 2. Pelagic sulfate reduction: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 32, no. 4, p. 794-803, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0794.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"794","endPage":"803","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada ","otherGeospatial":"Big Soda Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.499802162332884\n ],\n [\n -118.85559082031249,\n 39.499802162332884\n ],\n [\n -118.85559082031249,\n 39.544293973019904\n ],\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.544293973019904\n ],\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.499802162332884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c337e4b0e02680be5910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185539,"text":"70185539 - 1987 - Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 4. Vertical fluxes of particulate matter: Seasonality and variations across the chemocline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:28:58","indexId":"70185539","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 4. Vertical fluxes of particulate matter: Seasonality and variations across the chemocline","docAbstract":"

Vertical fluxes of particulate organic matter were measured with sediment traps above and below the chemocline of Big Soda Lake to define the seasonality of sinking losses from the mixolimnion and determine the effectiveness of the chemocline (pycnocline) as a barrier to the sinking of biogenic particles. Seasonality of sedimentation rates reflected seasonal changes in the community of autotrophs. During summer-autumn, when production is dominated by autotrophic bacteria, vertical fluxes were small: 100 mg C m−2 d−1 and ≅0.5 mg Chl a m−2 d−1. Following the winter diatom bloom, vertical fluxes increased markedly: ≅570 mg C m−2 d−1 and 23 mg Chl a m−2 d−1. The bulk of the seston (> 80%) and particulate carbon (≅ 65%) sinking to the chemocline passed through it, showing that this very sharp density discontinuity does not effectively retard the sinking of particulate matter. However sinking losses of particulate carbon were generally small (≅10%) relative to previous measures of primary productivity, indicating that the mixolimnion is a zone of efficient carbon cycling. Exceptions occurred following the winter bloom when sinking losses were a larger fraction (≅40%) of productivity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0815","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Cole, B.E., and Wienke, S.M., 1987, Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 4. Vertical fluxes of particulate matter: Seasonality and variations across the chemocline: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 32, no. 4, p. 815-824, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0815.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"815","endPage":"824","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0815","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Big Soda Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.89696121215819,\n 39.510265597335234\n ],\n [\n -118.86400222778319,\n 39.510265597335234\n ],\n [\n -118.86400222778319,\n 39.53476241309834\n ],\n [\n -118.89696121215819,\n 39.53476241309834\n ],\n [\n -118.89696121215819,\n 39.510265597335234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0be4b05ec79911d1e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Brian E.","contributorId":18357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wienke, Sally M.","contributorId":71989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wienke","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185943,"text":"70185943 - 1987 - Rapid assay for microbially reducible ferric iron in aquatic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T17:21:22.853647","indexId":"70185943","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid assay for microbially reducible ferric iron in aquatic sediments","docAbstract":"

The availability of ferric iron for microbial reduction as directly determined by the activity of iron-reducing organisms was compared with its availability as determined by a newly developed chemical assay for microbially reducible iron. The chemical assay was based on the reduction of poorly crystalline ferric iron by hydroxylamine under acidic conditions. There was a strong correlation between the extent to which hydroxylamine could reduce various synthetic ferric iron forms and the susceptibility of the iron to microbial reduction in an enrichment culture of iron-reducing organisms. When sediments that contained hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron were incubated under anaerobic conditions, ferrous iron accumulated as the concentration of hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron declined over time. Ferrous iron production stopped as soon as the hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron was depleted. In anaerobic incubations of reduced sediments that did not contain hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron, there was no microbial iron reduction, even though the sediments contained high concentrations of oxalate-extractable ferric iron. A correspondence between the presence of hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron and the extent of ferric iron reduction in anaerobic incubations was observed in sediments from an aquifer and in fresh- and brackish-water sediments from the Potomac River estuary. The assay is a significant improvement over previously described procedures for the determination of hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron because it provides a correction for the high concentrations of solid ferrous iron which may also be extracted from sediments with acid. This is a rapid, simple technique to determine whether ferric iron is available for microbial reduction.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.53.7.1536-1540.1987","usgsCitation":"Lovely, D.R., and Philips, E., 1987, Rapid assay for microbially reducible ferric iron in aquatic sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 53, no. 7, p. 1536-1540, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.7.1536-1540.1987.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1536","endPage":"1540","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.7.1536-1540.1987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc822e4b02ff32c68575a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovely, Derek R.","contributorId":184232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovely","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philips, Elizabeth","contributorId":189604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Philips","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185543,"text":"70185543 - 1987 - Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 3. Pelagic methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:42:17","indexId":"70185543","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 3. Pelagic methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation","docAbstract":"

In situ rates of methanogenesis and methane oxidation were measured in meromictic Big Soda Lake. Methane production was measured by the accumulation of methane in the headspaces of anaerobically sealed water samples; radiotracer was used to follow methane oxidation. Nearly all the methane oxidation occurred in the anoxic zones of the lake. Rates of anaerobic oxidation exceeded production at all depths studied in both the mixolimnion (2–6 vs. 0.1–1 nmol liter−1 d−1) and monimolimnion (49–85 vs. 1.6–12 nmol liter−1 d−1) of the lake. Thus, a net consumption of methane equivalent to 1.36 mmol m−2 d−1 occurred in the anoxic water column. Anaerobic methane oxidation had a first-order rate constant of 8.1±0.5 × 10−4 d−1, and activity was eliminated by filter sterilization. However, in situ methane oxidation was of insufficient magnitude to cause a noticeable decrease of ambient dissolved methane levels over an incubation period of 97 h.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0804","usgsCitation":"Iversen, N., Oremland, R.S., and Klug, M.J., 1987, Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 3. Pelagic methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 32, no. 4, p. 804-814, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0804.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"804","endPage":"814","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0804","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada ","otherGeospatial":"Big Soda Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.499802162332884\n ],\n [\n -118.85559082031249,\n 39.499802162332884\n ],\n [\n -118.85559082031249,\n 39.544293973019904\n ],\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.544293973019904\n ],\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.499802162332884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iversen, Niels","contributorId":189744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iversen","given":"Niels","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klug, Michael J.","contributorId":20930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klug","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006665,"text":"70006665 - 1987 - Elimination of super(14)C-bisazir residues in adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T16:54:03","indexId":"70006665","displayToPublicDate":"1987-06-27T16:45:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Elimination of super(14)C-bisazir residues in adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)","docAbstract":"

Bisazir (P.P-bis(1-aziridinyl)-N-methylphosphinothioic amide), a chemosterilant, was administered to sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus ) by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg or by immersion for 2 h in a 100- mg/L aqueous solution of the chemical. Whole body analysis of the injected lampreys showed that total residue concentrations decreased to 4.65 in males and 10.07 in females during the first day after injection, and to 1.46 in males and 3.74 in females after 10 days of withdrawal. Lampreys exposed by bath immersion contained residues of about 25 mu g/g of tissue immediately after exposure. The concentration ( mu g/g) decreased to 1.02 in males and 2.11 in females after 1 day of withdrawal and to 0.51 in males and 0.85 in females after 10 days.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"Published with the Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.L., and Dawson, V.K., 1987, Elimination of super(14)C-bisazir residues in adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): Technical Report, p. 9-17.","productDescription":"p. 9-17","startPage":"9","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76a8e4b0abf75cf2bfce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182141,"text":"70182141 - 1987 - The use of the National Water Data Exchange in support of estuarine and coastal programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T15:09:54","indexId":"70182141","displayToPublicDate":"1987-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of the National Water Data Exchange in support of estuarine and coastal programs","docAbstract":"

The National Water Data Exchange(NAWDEX) was established by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1976. Its program is directed toward improving the exchange of water and water-related data collected and made available by hundreds of federal and non-federal agencies throughout the United States. This paper describes the NAWDEX program and the services which can be provided to assist coastal and estuarine programs.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Tenth National conference of the Coastal Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Tenth National conference of the Coastal Society","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Williams, O.O., and Edwards, M.D., 1987, The use of the National Water Data Exchange in support of estuarine and coastal programs, in Proceedings of the Tenth National conference of the Coastal Society, v. 10, p. 465-470.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c85ce4b025c46428631b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Owen O.","contributorId":108097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Melvin D.","contributorId":94305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220761,"text":"5220761 - 1987 - Growth and physiological condition of black ducks reared on acidified wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T12:29:40.718876","indexId":"5220761","displayToPublicDate":"1987-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and physiological condition of black ducks reared on acidified wetlands","docAbstract":"Acid deposition has been identified as one of several possible factors contributing to the decline of some waterfowl populations in North America. In an effort to examine the effects of acidification on black duck (Anas rubripes) recruitment, growth and physiological condition were monitored in ducklings foraging for a 10-day trial (days 10-20 of life) on acidified (pH 5.0) and : circumneutral (pH 6.8) fish-free emergent wetlands. Acidification of these wetlands suppressed phytoplankton and algal growth, and reduced invertebrate biomass. Ducklings maintained on acidified wetlands grew poorly compared with ducklings reared on circumneutral wetlands, as evidenced by lower final body weight and culmen and tarsus length. Plasma growth hormone concentration was elevated and triiodothyronine levels were lower in stunted ducklings, in part substantiating impairment of growth-regulating processes. Ducklings exhibiting poor growth tended to have lower hematocrit, lower plasma protein, glucose, and cholesterol concentrations, and higher uric acid levels, presumably reflecting alterations in metabolism and development due to inanition. These findings suggest that acid deposition may lower food production in wetlands and ultimately impair duckling growth, condition, and survival.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z87-448","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Haramis, G., Chu, D.S., Bunck, C., and Scanes, C., 1987, Growth and physiological condition of black ducks reared on acidified wetlands: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 65, no. 12, p. 2953-2958, https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-448.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2953","endPage":"2958","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65544a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chu, Diane S.","contributorId":7378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scanes, C.G.","contributorId":7376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanes","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221177,"text":"5221177 - 1987 - Selenium contamination of the Grasslands, a major California waterfowl area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T15:57:22.98054","indexId":"5221177","displayToPublicDate":"1987-06-16T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium contamination of the Grasslands, a major California waterfowl area","docAbstract":"In a recent study at Kesterson Reservoir in California, selenium was shown to cause mortality and deformities in embryos of aquatic birds. The present study was conducted to determine if selenium or other contaminants in agricultural drainwater used for marsh management were likely to cause similar adverse effects in the nearby Grasslands area. Selenium concentrations were elevated (greater than 15 ppm, dry-weight) in livers of some birds of all species collected from the Grasslands. Mean selenium concentrations in all species sampled in the South Grasslands were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those from the 'control site', the Volta Wildlife Area. Mean selenium levels in black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) from the South Grasslands (35.6 ppm) were similar (P greater than 0.05) to levels in stilts from Kesterson (46.4 ppm), but means for American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) from the South Grasslands (67.3 ppm) were higher (P less than 0.05) than those from Kesterson (28.4 ppm). Bird eggs and fish from the Grasslands also contained elevated levels of selenium. Concentrations of eight heavy metals in fish generally reflected those patterns previously found in water entering the study areas. Of the organochlorines detected in fish, only DDE occurred at concentrations potentially harmful to birds (6.1 and 3.0 ppm, wet weight, at two South Grassland sites). The effect on avian health or reproduction of the other contaminants, singly or in combination, could not be determined. However, selenium levels were apparently sufficiently elevated in 1984 to have caused adverse effects on avian reproduction in the South Grasslands.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(87)90085-4","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Hothem, R.L., Aldrich, T.W., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1987, Selenium contamination of the Grasslands, a major California waterfowl area: Science of the Total Environment, v. 66, p. 169-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90085-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Merced County","otherGeospatial":"Grasslands, Kesterson Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.11671447753908,\n 36.99158465967016\n ],\n [\n -120.58456420898436,\n 36.99158465967016\n ],\n [\n -120.58456420898436,\n 37.41761791871185\n ],\n [\n -121.11671447753908,\n 37.41761791871185\n ],\n [\n -121.11671447753908,\n 36.99158465967016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7c35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldrich, Thomas W.","contributorId":88311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}