Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, California. This report includes data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period from January 2015 to December 2015. These data are appended to long-term datasets extending back to 1974, and serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2015, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In M. petalum, all observed elements showed annual maxima in January–February and minima in April, except for Zn, which was lowest in December. In sediments, annual maxima also occurred in January–February, and minima were measured in June and September. In 2015, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.
\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure at the same mudflat over a 40-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2015), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The entire infaunal community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2015. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed an increase in dominance, concurrent with the decrease in Ag and Cu concentrations, and in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 abundance in 2015. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for deep-dwelling animals like M. petalum. However, within two months of this event animals returned to the mudflat. The resilience of the community suggested that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2015 is reflective of species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous (live-birth) species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2015 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. USGS scientists view the 2008 disturbance event as a response by the infaunal community to an episodic natural stressor (possibly sediment accretion or a pulse of freshwater), in contrast to the long-term recovery from metal contamination. We will compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed after the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Crauder, Jeff, Parchaso, Francis, Stewart, Robin, Turner, Mathew, Hornberger, M.I., and Luoma, S.N., 2016, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1118, 78 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118.","productDescription":"vii, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076608","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416191,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1017","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2020"},{"id":416190,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1079","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2019"},{"id":416189,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":416188,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2017"},{"id":416187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135","text":"Open-File Report 2017-1135","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016"},{"id":325514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1118/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325515,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1118/ofr20161118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1118"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14530944824217,\n 37.40452830389465\n ],\n [\n -122.14530944824217,\n 37.52443079581378\n ],\n [\n -121.91871643066406,\n 37.52443079581378\n ],\n [\n -121.91871643066406,\n 37.40452830389465\n ],\n [\n -122.14530944824217,\n 37.40452830389465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff
National Research Program
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS-435
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/
A forty year time series of Secchi depth observations from approximately 25 lakes in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA, evidences large variations in transparency between lakes but relatively little seasonal cycle within lakes. However, there are coherent patterns over the time series, suggesting large scale processes are responsible. It has been suggested that variations in colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are primarily responsible for the variations in transparency, both between lakes and over time and further that CDOM is a robust optical proxy for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Here we present a forward model of Secchi depth as a function of DOC based upon first principles and bio-optical relationships. Inverting the model to estimate DOC concentration from Secchi depth observations compared well with the measured DOC concentrations collected since 1995 (RMS error < 1.3 mg C l-1). This inverse model allows the time series of DOC to be extended back to the mid 1970s when only Secchi depth observations were collected, and thus provides a means for investigating lake response to climate forcing, changing atmospheric chemistry and watershed characteristics, including land cover and land use.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic nutrient biogeochemistry and microbial ecology: A dual perspective","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-30259-1_18","usgsCitation":"Roesler, C.S., and Culbertson, C.W., 2016, Lake transparency: a window into decadal variations in dissolved organic carbon concentrations in Lakes of Acadia National Park, Maine, chap. of Aquatic nutrient biogeochemistry and microbial ecology: A dual perspective, p. 225-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30259-1_18.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"236","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070183","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffb7e4b0f2f0cebfc2a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roesler, Collin S.","contributorId":152025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roesler","given":"Collin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":18855,"text":"Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170955,"text":"ofr20161074 - 2016 - The structure and composition of Holocene coral reefs in the Middle Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T12:39:12.399765","indexId":"ofr20161074","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-21T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1074","title":"The structure and composition of Holocene coral reefs in the Middle Florida Keys","docAbstract":"The Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT) is the largest coral-reef ecosystem in the continental United States. The modern FKRT extends for 362 kilometers along the coast of South Florida from Dry Tortugas National Park in the southwest, through the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), to Fowey Rocks reef in Biscayne National Park in the northeast. Most reefs along the FKRT are sheltered by the exposed islands of the Florida Keys; however, large channels are located between the islands of the Middle Keys. These openings allow for tidal transport of water from Florida Bay onto reefs in the area. The characteristics of the water masses coming from Florida Bay, which can experience broad swings in temperature, salinity, nutrients, and turbidity over short periods of time, are generally unfavorable or “inimical” to coral growth and reef development.
Although reef habitats are ubiquitous throughout most of the Upper and Lower Keys, relatively few modern reefs exist in the Middle Keys most likely because of the impacts of inimical waters from Florida Bay. The reefs that are present in the Middle Keys generally are poorly developed compared with reefs elsewhere in the region. For example, Acropora palmata has been the dominant coral on shallow-water reefs in the Caribbean over the last 1.5 million years until populations of the coral declined throughout the region in recent decades. Although A. palmata was historically abundant in the Florida Keys, it was conspicuously absent from reefs in the Middle Keys. Instead, contemporary reefs in the Middle Keys have been dominated by occasional massive (that is, boulder or head) corals and, more often, small, non-reef-building corals.
Holocene reef cores have been collected from many locations along the FKRT; however, despite the potential importance of the history of reefs in the Middle Florida Keys to our understanding of the environmental controls on reef development throughout the FKRT, there are currently no published records of the Holocene history of reefs in the region. The objectives of the present study were to (1) provide general descriptions of unpublished core records from Alligator Reef and (2) collect and describe new Holocene reef cores from two additional locations in the Middle Keys: Sombrero and Tennessee Reefs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161074","usgsCitation":"Toth, L.T., Stathakopoulos, Anastasios, and Kuffner, I.B., 2016, The structure and composition of Holocene coral reefs in the Middle Florida Keys: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1074, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161074.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074381","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1074/ofr20161074.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1074"},{"id":325512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1074/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 24.58459276519208\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 25.013439812256372\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 25.013439812256372\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 24.58459276519208\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 24.58459276519208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8068
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Environmental tracers (noble gases, tritium, industrial gases, stable isotopes, and radio-carbon) and hydrogeology were interpreted to determine groundwater transit-time distribution and calculate mean transit time (MTT) with lumped parameter modeling at 19 large springs distributed throughout the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), USA. The predictive value of the MTT to evaluate the pattern and timing of groundwater response to hydraulic stress (i.e., vulnerability) is examined by a statistical analysis of MTT, historical spring discharge records, and the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index. MTTs of the springs range from 10 to 15,000 years and 90 % of the cumulative discharge-weighted travel-time distribution falls within the range of 2−10,000 years. Historical variability in discharge was assessed as the ratio of 10–90 % flow-exceedance (R 10/90%) and ranged from 2.8 to 1.1 for select springs with available discharge data. The lag-time (i.e., delay in discharge response to drought conditions) was determined by cross-correlation analysis and ranged from 0.5 to 6 years for the same select springs. Springs with shorter MTTs (<80 years) statistically correlate with larger discharge variations and faster responses to drought, indicating MTT can be used for estimating the relative magnitude and timing of groundwater response. Results indicate that groundwater discharge to streams in the UCRB will likely respond on the order of years to climate variation and increasing groundwater withdrawals.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","doi":"10.1007/s10040-016-1440-9","usgsCitation":"Solder, J.E., Stolp, B.J., Heilweil, V.M., and Susong, D.D., 2016, Characterization of mean transit time at large springs in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: A tool for assessing groundwater discharge vulnerability: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 24, no. 8, p. 2017-2033, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1440-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2017","endPage":"2033","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075897","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","volume":"24","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42de4b006cb45552bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solder, John E. 0000-0002-0660-3326 jsolder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-3326","contributorId":171916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solder","given":"John","email":"jsolder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176108,"text":"70176108 - 2016 - Invasive species: Ocean ecosystem case studies for earth systems and environmental sciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-26T10:46:20","indexId":"70176108","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5197,"text":"Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive species: Ocean ecosystem case studies for earth systems and environmental sciences","docAbstract":"Marine species are increasingly transferred from areas where they are native to areas where they are not. Some nonnative species become invasive, causing undesirable impacts to environment, economy and/or human health. Nonnative marine species can be introduced through a variety of vectors, including shipping, trade, inland corridors (such as canals), and others. Effects of invasive marine species can be dramatic and irreversible. Case studies of four nonnative marine species are given (green crab, comb jelly, lionfish and Caulerpa algae).","largerWorkTitle":"Reference Module","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09207-1","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P.J., and Brown, M.E., 2016, Invasive species: Ocean ecosystem case studies for earth systems and environmental sciences: Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09207-1.","ipdsId":"IP-072544","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c1683be4b0f2f0ceb907fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":168659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Mary E. 0000-0002-5580-137X mbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-137X","contributorId":5688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Mary","email":"mbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174821,"text":"sir20165100 - 2016 - Water-quality trends and constituent-transport analysis for selected sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996–2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-20T11:54:23","indexId":"sir20165100","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5100","title":"Water-quality trends and constituent-transport analysis for selected sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996–2015","docAbstract":"During the extended history of mining in the upper Clark Fork Basin in Montana, large amounts of waste materials enriched with metallic contaminants (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc) and the metalloid trace element arsenic were generated from mining operations near Butte and milling and smelting operations near Anaconda. Extensive deposition of mining wastes in the Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork channels and flood plains had substantial effects on water quality. Federal Superfund remediation activities in the upper Clark Fork Basin began in 1983 and have included substantial remediation near Butte and removal of the former Milltown Dam near Missoula. To aid in evaluating the effects of remediation activities on water quality, the U.S. Geological Survey began collecting streamflow and water-quality data in the upper Clark Fork Basin in the 1980s.
Trend analysis was done on specific conductance, selected trace elements (arsenic, copper, and zinc), and suspended sediment for seven sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site for water years 1996–2015. The most upstream site included in trend analysis is Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs, Montana (sampling site 8), and the most downstream site is Clark Fork above Missoula, Montana (sampling site 22), which is just downstream from the former Milltown Dam. Water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends. Trend analysis was done by using a joint time-series model for concentration and streamflow. To provide temporal resolution of changes in water quality, trend analysis was conducted for four sequential 5-year periods: period 1 (water years 1996–2000), period 2 (water years 2001–5), period 3 (water years 2006–10), and period 4 (water years 2011–15). Because of the substantial effect of the intentional breach of Milltown Dam on March 28, 2008, period 3 was subdivided into period 3A (October 1, 2005–March 27, 2008) and period 3B (March 28, 2008–September 30, 2010) for the Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22). Trend results were considered statistically significant when the statistical probability level was less than 0.01.
In conjunction with the trend analysis, estimated normalized constituent loads (hereinafter referred to as “loads”) were calculated and presented within the framework of a constituent-transport analysis to assess the temporal trends in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) in the context of sources and transport. The transport analysis allows assessment of temporal changes in relative contributions from upstream source areas to loads transported past each reach outflow.
Trend results indicate that FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper decreased at the sampling sites from the start of period 1 through the end of period 4; the decreases ranged from large for one sampling site (Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs [sampling site 8]) to moderate for two sampling sites (Clark Fork near Galen, Montana [sampling site 11] and Clark Fork above Missoula [sampling site 22]) to small for four sampling sites (Clark Fork at Deer Lodge, Montana [sampling site 14], Clark Fork at Goldcreek, Montana [sampling site 16], Clark Fork near Drummond, Montana [sampling site 18], and Clark Fork at Turah Bridge near Bonner, Montana [sampling site 20]). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the most notable changes indicated for the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site were statistically significant decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper for sampling sites 8 and 22. The period 4 changes in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper for all other sampling sites were not statistically significant.
Trend results indicate that FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic decreased at the sampling sites from period 1 through period 4 (water years 1996–2015); the decreases ranged from minor (sampling sites 8–20) to small (sampling site 22). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the most notable changes indicated for the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site were statistically significant decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic for sampling site 8 and near statistically significant decreases for sampling site 22. The period 4 changes in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic for all other sampling sites were not statistically significant.
Trend results indicate that FACs of suspended sediment decreased at the sampling sites from period 1 through period 4 (water years 1996–2015); the decreases ranged from moderate (sampling site 8) to small (sampling sites 11–22). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the changes in FACs of suspended sediment were not statistically significant for any sampling sites.
The reach of the Clark Fork from Galen to Deer Lodge is a large source of metallic contaminants and suspended sediment, which strongly affects downstream transport of those constituents. Mobilization of copper and suspended sediment from flood-plain tailings and the streambed of the Clark Fork and its tributaries within the reach results in a contribution of those constituents that is proportionally much larger than the contribution of streamflow from within the reach. Within the reach from Galen to Deer Lodge, unfiltered-recoverable copper loads increased by a factor of about 4 and suspended-sediment loads increased by a factor of about 5, whereas streamflow increased by a factor of slightly less than 2. For period 4 (water years 2011–15), unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended-sediment loads sourced from within the reach accounted for about 41 and 14 percent, respectively, of the loads at Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22), whereas streamflow sourced from within the reach accounted for about 4 percent of the streamflow at sampling site 22. During water years 1996–2015, decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended sediment for the reach generally were proportionally smaller than for most other reaches.
Unfiltered-recoverable copper loads sourced within the reaches of the Clark Fork between Deer Lodge and Turah Bridge near Bonner (just upstream from the former Milltown Dam) were proportionally smaller than contributions of streamflow sourced from within the reaches; these reaches contributed proportionally much less to copper loading in the Clark Fork than the reach between Galen and Deer Lodge. Although substantial decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended sediment were indicated for Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs (sampling site 8), those substantial decreases were not translated to downstream reaches between Deer Lodge and Turah Bridge near Bonner. The effect of the reach of the Clark Fork from Galen to Deer Lodge as a large source of copper and suspended sediment, in combination with little temporal change in those constituents for the reach, contributes to this pattern.
With the removal of the former Milltown Dam in 2008, substantial amounts of contaminated sediments that remained in the Clark Fork channel and flood plain in reach 9 (downstream from Turah Bridge near Bonner) became more available for mobilization and transport than before the dam removal. After the removal of the former Milltown Dam, the Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22) had statistically significant decreases in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper in period 3B (March 28, 2008, through water year 2010) that continued in period 4 (water years 2011–15). Also, decreases in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic and suspended sediment were indicated for period 4 at this site. The decrease in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper for sampling site 22 during period 4 was proportionally much larger than the decrease for the Clark Fork at Turah Bridge near Bonner (sampling site 20). Net mobilization of unfiltered-recoverable copper and arsenic from sources within reach 9 are smaller for period 4 than for period 1 when the former Milltown Dam was in place, providing evidence that contaminant source materials have been substantially reduced in reach 9.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., and Vecchia, A.V., 2016, Water-quality trends and constituent-transport analysis for selected sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5100, 82 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165100.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-074218","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5100/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5100/sir20165100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5100"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Ave
Helena, MT 59601
The sulfur isotopic fractionation associated with the formation of organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) during thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) was studied using gold-tube pyrolysis experiments to simulate TSR. The reactants used included n-hexadecane (n-C16) as a model organic compound with sulfate, sulfite, or elemental sulfur as the sulfur source. At the end of each experiment, the S-isotopic composition and concentration of remaining sulfate, H2S, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and 2-phenylthiophene (PT) were measured. The observed S-isotopic fractionations between sulfate and BT, DBT, and H2S in experimental simulations of TSR correlate well with a multi-stage model of the overall TSR process. Large kinetic isotope fractionations occur during the first, uncatalyzed stage of TSR, 12.4‰ for H2S and as much as 22.2‰ for BT. The fractionations decrease as the H2S concentration increases and the reaction enters the second, catalyzed stage. Once all of the oxidizable hydrocarbons have been consumed, sulfate reduction ceases and equilibrium partitioning then dictates the fractionation between H2S and sulfate (∼17‰).
\nExperiments involving sparingly soluble CaSO4 show that during the second catalytic phase of TSR the rate of sulfate reduction exceeds that of sulfate dissolution. In this case, there is no apparent isotopic fractionation between source sulfate and generated H2S, as all of the available sulfate is effectively reduced at all reaction times. When CaSO4 is replaced with fully soluble Na2SO4, sulfate dissolution is no longer rate limiting and significant S-isotopic fractionation is observed. This supports the notion that CaSO4dissolution can lead to the apparent lack of fractionation between H2S and sulfate produced by TSR in nature. The S-isotopic composition of individual OSCs record information related to geochemical reactions that cannot be discerned from the δ34S values obtained from bulk phases such as H2S, oil, and sulfate minerals, and provide important mechanistic details about the overall TSR process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.026","usgsCitation":"Meshoulam, A., Ellis, G.S., Ahmad, W.S., Deev, A., Sessions, A.L., Tang, Y., Adkins, J.F., Liu, J., Gilhooly, W.P., Aizenshtat, Z., and Amrani, A., 2016, Study of thermochemical sulfate reduction mechanism using compound specific sulfur isotope analysis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 188, p. 73-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.026.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070994","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a191e4b030378fb47463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meshoulam, Alexander","contributorId":172977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meshoulam","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27131,"text":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem Israel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahmad, Ward Said","contributorId":172978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahmad","given":"Ward","email":"","middleInitial":"Said","affiliations":[{"id":27131,"text":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem Israel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deev, Andrei","contributorId":17124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deev","given":"Andrei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sessions, Alex L.","contributorId":172980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sessions","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27133,"text":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tang, Yongchun","contributorId":103166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Yongchun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adkins, Jess F.","contributorId":7639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adkins","given":"Jess","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Jinzhong","contributorId":66155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinzhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gilhooly, William P. III","contributorId":35603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilhooly","given":"William","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aizenshtat, Zeev","contributorId":21747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aizenshtat","given":"Zeev","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Amrani, Alon","contributorId":49258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amrani","given":"Alon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70174900,"text":"70174900 - 2016 - Internal loading of phosphorus in western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:04:18","indexId":"70174900","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-19T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal loading of phosphorus in western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"This study applied eight techniques to obtain estimates of the diffusive flux of phosphorus (P) from bottom sediments throughout the western basin of Lake Erie. The flux was quantified from both aerobic and anaerobic incubations of whole cores; by monitoring the water encapsulated in bottom chambers; from pore water concentration profiles measured with a phosphate microelectrode, a diffusive equilibrium in thin films (DET) hydrogel, and expressed pore waters; and from mass balance and biogeochemical diagenetic models. Fluxes under aerobic conditions at summertime temperatures averaged 1.35 mg P/m2/day and displayed spatial variability on scales as small as a centimeter. Using two different temperature correction factors, the flux was adjusted to mean annual temperature yielding average annual fluxes of 0.43–0.91 mg P/m2/day and a western basin-wide total of 378–808 Mg P/year as the diffusive flux from sediments. This is 3–7% of the 11,000 Mg P/year International Joint Commission (IJC) target load for phosphorus delivery to Lake Erie from external sources. Using these average aerobic fluxes, the sediment contributes 3.0–6.3 μg P/L as a background internal contribution that represents 20–42% of the IJC Target Concentration of 15 μg P/L for the western basin. The implication is that this internal diffusive recycling of P is unlikely to trigger cyanobacterial blooms by itself but is sufficiently large to cause blooms when combined with external loads. This background flux may be also responsible for delayed response of the lake to any decrease in the external loading.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.004","usgsCitation":"Matisoff, G., Kaltenberg, E.M., Steely, R.L., Hummel, S.K., Seo, J., Gibbons, K.J., Bridgeman, T., Seo, Y., Behbahani, M., James, W., Johnson, L., Doan, P., Dittrich, M., Evans, M.A., and Chaffin, J.D., 2016, Internal loading of phosphorus in western Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 4, p. 775-788, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067855","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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With advances in telemetry capabilities, animal movement models are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Despite a need for population-level inference, animal movement models are still predominantly developed for individual-level inference. Most efforts to upscale the inference to the population level are either post hoc or complicated enough that only the developer can implement the model. Hierarchical Bayesian models provide an ideal platform for the development of population-level animal movement models but can be challenging to fit due to computational limitations or extensive tuning required. We propose a two-stage procedure for fitting hierarchical animal movement models to telemetry data. The two-stage approach is statistically rigorous and allows one to fit individual-level movement models separately, then resample them using a secondary MCMC algorithm. The primary advantages of the two-stage approach are that the first stage is easily parallelizable and the second stage is completely unsupervised, allowing for an automated fitting procedure in many cases. We demonstrate the two-stage procedure with two applications of animal movement models. The first application involves a spatial point process approach to modeling telemetry data, and the second involves a more complicated continuous-time discrete-space animal movement model. We fit these models to simulated data and real telemetry data arising from a population of monitored Canada lynx in Colorado, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell ","doi":"10.1002/env.2402","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., Buderman, F.E., Brost, B.M., Hanks, E., and Ivans, J.S., 2016, Hierarchical animal movement models for population-level inference: Environmetrics , v. 27, no. 6, p. 322-333, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2402.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"333","ipdsId":"IP-076019","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.09585","text":"External Repository"},{"id":331665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58492df2e4b06d80b7b093a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":655144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buderman, Frances E.","contributorId":171634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buderman","given":"Frances","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brost, Brian M.","contributorId":171484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brost","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanks, Ephraim M.","contributorId":104630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Ephraim M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ivans, Jacob S.","contributorId":177286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivans","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16861,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176135,"text":"70176135 - 2016 - Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:44:20","indexId":"70176135","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance","docAbstract":"Coastal waterbird populations are threatened by habitat loss and degradation from urban and agricultural development and forecasted sea level rise associated with climate change. Remaining wetlands often must be managed to ensure that waterbird habitat needs, and other ecosystem functions, are met. For many waterbirds, the availability of island nesting habitat is important for conserving breeding populations. We used linear mixed models to investigate the influence of pond and island landscape characteristics on nest abundance and nest success of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, based on a 9-year dataset that included >9,000 nests. Nest abundance and nest success were greatest within ponds and on individual islands located either <1 km or >4 km from San Francisco Bay. Further, nest abundance was greater within ponds with relatively few islands, and on linear-shaped, highly elongated islands compared to more rounded islands. Nest success was greater on islands located away from the nearest surrounding pond levee. Compared to more rounded islands, linear islands contained more near-water habitat preferred by many nesting waterbirds. Islands located away from pond levees may provide greater protection from terrestrial egg and chick predators. Our results indicate that creating and maintaining a few, relatively small, highly elongated and narrow islands away from mainland levees, in as many wetland ponds as possible would be effective at providing waterbirds with preferred nesting habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21120","usgsCitation":"Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J., and Herzog, M.P., 2016, Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1177-1188, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21120.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1177","endPage":"1188","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075274","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 38.07187927827001\n ],\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -122.53051757812499,\n 38.10646650598286\n ],\n [\n -122.57171630859375,\n 38.01131226070673\n ],\n [\n -122.64038085937499,\n 37.896530447543\n ],\n [\n -122.62664794921874,\n 37.78156937014928\n ],\n [\n -122.58270263671876,\n 37.65773212628274\n ],\n [\n -122.53601074218751,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -122.5250244140625,\n 37.43343148473673\n ],\n [\n -122.44262695312501,\n 37.34832607355296\n ],\n [\n -122.08282470703124,\n 37.36797435878155\n ],\n [\n -121.88232421875,\n 37.39416407012379\n ],\n [\n -121.80816650390625,\n 37.446516047833484\n ],\n [\n -121.77520751953125,\n 37.62075814551956\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 37.75551557687061\n ],\n [\n -121.7120361328125,\n 37.85316995894978\n ],\n [\n -121.91253662109376,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 38.02862223458794\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 38.07187927827001\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b091e4b0f2f0cebe5e77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174832,"text":"70174832 - 2016 - Estimating carbon sequestration in the piedmont ecoregion of the United States from 1971 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T13:54:11","indexId":"70174832","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1183,"text":"Carbon Balance and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating carbon sequestration in the piedmont ecoregion of the United States from 1971 to 2010","docAbstract":"Background: Human activities have diverse and profound impacts on ecosystem carbon cycles. The Piedmont ecoregion in the eastern United States has undergone significant land use and land cover change in the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to use newly available land use and land cover change data to quantify carbon changes within the ecoregion. Land use and land cover change data (60-m spatial resolution) derived from sequential remotely sensed Landsat imagery were used to generate 960-m resolution land cover change maps for the Piedmont ecoregion. These maps were used in the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) to simulate ecosystem carbon stock and flux changes from 1971 to 2010. Results: Results show that land use change, especially urbanization and forest harvest had significant impacts on carbon sources and sinks. From 1971 to 2010, forest ecosystems sequestered 0.25 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, while agricultural ecosystems sequestered 0.03 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. The total ecosystem C stock increased from 2271 Tg C in 1971 to 2402 Tg C in 2010, with an annual average increase of 3.3 Tg C yr−1. Conclusions: Terrestrial lands in the Piedmont ecoregion were estimated to be weak net carbon sink during the study period. The major factors contributing to the carbon sink were forest growth and afforestation; the major factors contributing to terrestrial emissions were human induced land cover change, especially urbanization and forest harvest. An additional amount of carbon continues to be stored in harvested wood products. If this pool were included the carbon sink would be stronger. Keywords: Land-use change, Carbon change, Piedmont ecoregion, IBIS model
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13021-016-0052-y","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Sleeter, B.M., Zhu, Z., Heath, L., Tan, Z., Wilson, T., Sherba, J.T., and Zhou, D., 2016, Estimating carbon sequestration in the piedmont ecoregion of the United States from 1971 to 2010: Carbon Balance and Management, v. 11, no. 10, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0052-y.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075244","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0052-y","text":"Publisher Index 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jsherba@usgs.gov","contributorId":5972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherba","given":"Jason","email":"jsherba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhou, Decheng","contributorId":172941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Decheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27124,"text":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70175240,"text":"70175240 - 2016 - Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T09:43:31","indexId":"70175240","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-18T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Field measurements, satellite observations, and models document a thinning trend in seasonal Arctic lake ice growth, causing a shift from bedfast to floating ice conditions. September sea ice concentrations in the Arctic Ocean since 1991 correlate well (r = +0.69,p < 0.001) to this lake regime shift. To understand how and to what extent sea ice affects lakes, we conducted model experiments to simulate winters with years of high (1991/92) and low (2007/08) sea ice extent for which we also had field measurements and satellite imagery characterizing lake ice conditions. A lake ice growth model forced with Weather Research and Forecasting model output produced a 7% decrease in lake ice growth when 2007/08 sea ice was imposed on 1991/92 climatology and a 9% increase in lake ice growth for the opposing experiment. Here, we clearly link early winter 'ocean-effect' snowfall and warming to reduced lake ice growth. Future reductions in sea ice extent will alter hydrological, biogeochemical, and habitat functioning of Arctic lakes and cause sub-lake permafrost thaw.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074022","usgsCitation":"Alexeev, V., Arp, C.D., Jones, B.M., and Cai, L., 2016, Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska: Environmental Research Letters, v. 11, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074022.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071294","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"11","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bbe4b006cb45558a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexeev, Vladimir","contributorId":173393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexeev","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cai, Lei","contributorId":173394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191919,"text":"70191919 - 2016 - State-and-transition simulation models: a framework for forecasting landscape change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T16:55:06","indexId":"70191919","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State-and-transition simulation models: a framework for forecasting landscape change","docAbstract":"The influence of streamflow on survival of emigrating juvenile Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. (smolts) is a major concern for water managers throughout the northeast Pacific Rim. However, few studies have quantified flow effects on smolt survival, and available information does not indicate a consistent flow–survival relationship within the typical range of flows under management control. In the Yakima Basin, Washington, the potential effects of streamflow alterations on smolt survival have been debated for over 20 years. Using a series of controlled flow releases from upper basin reservoirs and radiotelemetry, we quantified the relationship between flow and yearling Chinook salmon smolt survival in the 208 km reach between Roza Dam and the Yakima River mouth. A multistate mark–recapture model accounted for weekly variation in flow conditions experienced by tagged fish in four discrete river segments. Smolt survival was significantly associated with streamflow in the Roza Reach [river kilometre (rkm) 208–189] and marginally associated with streamflow in the Sunnyside Reach (rkm 169–77). However, smolt survival was not significantly associated with flow in the Naches and Prosser Reaches (rkm 189–169 and rkm 77–3). This discrepancy indicates potential differences in underlying flow-related survival mechanisms, such as predation or passage impediments. Our results clarify trade-offs between flow augmentation for fisheries enhancement and other beneficial uses, and our study design provides a framework for resolving uncertainties about streamflow effects on migratory fish survival in other river systems.
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To quantify the effects of a main-stem diversion dam on juvenile Chinook salmon in the Yakima River, Washington, USA, we used radio telemetry to understand how dam operations and river discharge in the 18-km reach downstream of the dam affected route-specific passage and survival. We found evidence of direct mortality associated with dam passage and indirect mortality associated with migration through the reach below the dam. Survival of fish passing over a surface spill gate (the west gate) was positively related to river discharge, and survival was similar for fish released below the dam, suggesting that passage via this route caused little additional mortality. However, survival of fish that passed under a sub-surface spill gate (the east gate) was considerably lower than survival of fish released downstream of the dam, with the difference in survival decreasing as river discharge increased. The probability of fish passing the dam via three available routes was strongly influenced by dam operations, with passage through the juvenile fish bypass and the east gate increasing with discharge through those routes. By simulating daily passage and route-specific survival, we show that variation in total survival is driven by river discharge and moderated by the proportion of fish passing through low-survival or high-survival passage routes.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/rra.3059","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Kock, T.J., Couter, I.I., Garrison, T.M., Hubble, J.D., and Child, D.B., 2016, Dam operations affect route-specific passage and survival of juvenile Chinook salmon at a main-stem diversion dam: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 10, p. 2009-2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3059.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2009","endPage":"2019","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075478","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Roza Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.47658920288085,\n 46.71350244599995\n ],\n [\n -120.47658920288085,\n 46.768910240322285\n ],\n [\n -120.43624877929688,\n 46.768910240322285\n ],\n [\n -120.43624877929688,\n 46.71350244599995\n ],\n [\n -120.47658920288085,\n 46.71350244599995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db43e4b0589fa1c7e7d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couter, Ian I","contributorId":173194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Couter","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":27185,"text":"Cramer Fish Sciences, 600 NW Fariss Road, Gresham, OR 97030","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrison, Thomas M","contributorId":173195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":27185,"text":"Cramer Fish Sciences, 600 NW Fariss Road, Gresham, OR 97030","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hubble, Joel D","contributorId":173196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubble","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":27186,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1910 Marsh Road, Yakima, WA 98901","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Child, David B","contributorId":173197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Child","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":27187,"text":"D.C. 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Catastrophic slumping and regular rates of erosion greater than 1 meter per year threaten important habitat, historical and pre-historical resources, and modern infrastructure on the island. Prior research has helped National Park Service (NPS) staff identify the most severe and vulnerable areas, but in order to develop effective management actions, information is needed on what forces and conditions cause erosion. To this end, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the NPS, conducted two longitudinal surveys, one each at the beginning and end of the approximately year-long monitoring period from late 2011 to early 2013, along five selected segments of the back barrier of the Cumberland Island National Seashore. Monitoring stations were constructed at four of these locations that had previously been identified as erosional hotspots. The magnitude of erosion at each location was quantified to determine the relative influence of causative agents. Results indicate that erosion is, in general, highly variable within and among these segments of the Cumberland Island National Seashore’s back barrier. Observed erosion ranged from a maximum of 2.5 meters of bluff-line retreat to some areas that exhibited no net erosion over the 1-year study period. In terms of timing of erosion, three of the four sites were primarily affected by punctuated erosional events that were coincident with above-average high tides and elevated wind speeds. The fourth site exhibited steady, low-magnitude retreat throughout the study period. While it is difficult to precisely subscribe certain amounts of erosion to specific agents, this study provides insight into the mode of erosion among sites and the interaction among factors that set up conditions that may be leading to punctuated events.
Estimates of sea-level rise were incorporated into the results of this study to project conditions that could be in place by the end of the 21st century. When using the erosion rates observed in this study to extrapolate future shoreline position, results indicate an average retreat (across all monitored locations) of 15 meters by 2050 and approximately 37 meters by 2100.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Calhoun, D.L., and Riley, J.W., 2016, Spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5071, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165071. ","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p. Data Release","startPage":"1","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068286","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438585,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z60M4M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial, continuous, and point measure data for a spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011-2013:"},{"id":325288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5071/sir20165071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5071"},{"id":325290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7Z60M4M","text":"USGS data release - Geospatial, continuous, and point measure data for a spatial and temporal assessment of back-barrier erosion on Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, 2011–2013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland Island National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.41555786132812,\n 30.981729962028048\n ],\n [\n -81.40045166015625,\n 30.97289931126414\n ],\n [\n -81.39701843261719,\n 30.958179744546715\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 30.90575967622237\n ],\n [\n -81.41487121582031,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.44233703613281,\n 30.80201297632633\n ],\n [\n -81.44233703613281,\n 30.711142637210045\n ],\n [\n -81.46430969238281,\n 30.707600499097804\n ],\n [\n -81.48490905761719,\n 30.727670895047673\n ],\n [\n -81.48628234863281,\n 30.745966732317395\n ],\n [\n -81.47701263427734,\n 30.778713503375876\n ],\n [\n -81.49417877197266,\n 30.813513165869683\n ],\n [\n -81.49486541748047,\n 30.853016145357284\n ],\n [\n -81.51134490966797,\n 30.879244211704183\n ],\n [\n -81.49417877197266,\n 30.907821682379147\n ],\n [\n -81.4632797241211,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -81.45538330078125,\n 30.926377738412445\n ],\n [\n -81.44096374511719,\n 30.932856783043764\n ],\n [\n -81.42997741699219,\n 30.95641324406724\n ],\n [\n -81.42791748046875,\n 30.971133083069482\n ],\n [\n -81.41555786132812,\n 30.981729962028048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
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A parameter regionalization scheme to transfer parameter values from gaged to ungaged areas for a monthly water balance model (MWBM) was developed and tested for the conterminous United States (CONUS). The Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test, a global-sensitivity algorithm, was implemented on a MWBM to generate parameter sensitivities on a set of 109 951 hydrologic response units (HRUs) across the CONUS. The HRUs were grouped into 110 calibration regions based on similar parameter sensitivities. Subsequently, measured runoff from 1575 streamgages within the calibration regions were used to calibrate the MWBM parameters to produce parameter sets for each calibration region. Measured and simulated runoff at the 1575 streamgages showed good correspondence for the majority of the CONUS, with a median computed Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 0.76 over all streamgages. These methods maximize the use of available runoff information, resulting in a calibrated CONUS-wide application of the MWBM suitable for providing estimates of water availability at the HRU resolution for both gaged and ungaged areas of the CONUS.
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This report is a synthesis of the three components emphasizing development of lines of evidence relating potential future management actions to pallid sturgeon population dynamics. We address 21 working management hypotheses that emerged from an expert opinion-based filtering process.
The ability to quantify linkages from abiotic changes to pallid sturgeon population dynamics is compromised by fundamental information gaps. Although a substantial foundation of pallid sturgeon science has been developed during the past 20 years, our efforts attempt to push beyond that understanding to provide predictions of how future management actions may affect pallid sturgeon responses. For some of the 21 hypotheses, lines of evidence are limited to theoretical deduction, inference from sparse empirical datasets, or expert opinion. Useful simulation models have been developed to predict the effects of management actions on survival of drifting pallid sturgeon free embryos in the Yellowstone and Upper Missouri River complex (hereafter referred to as the “upper river”), and to assess the effects of flow and channel reconfigurations on habitat availability in the Lower Missouri River, tributaries, and Mississippi River downstream of Gavins Point Dam (hereafter referred to as the “lower river”). A population model also has been developed that can be used to assess sensitivity of the population to survival of specific life stages, assess some hypotheses related to stocking decisions, and explore a limited number of management scenarios.
Consideration of lines of evidence for each of the 21 hypotheses includes a discussion of how the degree of uncertainty and risk associated with each hypothesis may guide science and implementation strategies. Implementation strategies include full implementation in the field, limited implementations as field-scale experiments, or (in the case of greatest uncertainty) implementation as learning actions, including research and opportunistic experiments or field-based gradient studies. Given the substantive uncertainties associated with pallid sturgeon population dynamics and the need to continually assimilate and assess new information, we proposed that an Effects Analysis-like process should be considered an integral part of ongoing Missouri River adaptive management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery Program","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Annis, M.L., Colvin, M.E., James, D.A., Welker, T.L., and Parsley, M.J., 2016, Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) effects analysis—Integrative report 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5064, 154 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165064.","productDescription":"xv, 154 p.","numberOfPages":"174","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064765","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5064/sir20165064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5064"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -114.67529296874999,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -112.30224609374999,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -107.90771484375,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -107.24853515625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -106.787109375,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -106.98486328124999,\n 42.309815415686664\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -107.09472656249999,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 40.16208338164619\n ],\n [\n -105.75439453125,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -102.72216796875,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -92.04345703125,\n 29.401319510041485\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -88.92333984375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 39.63953756436671\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -91.91162109375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 41.09591205639546\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -98.6572265625,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -100.74462890625,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -101.88720703125,\n 48.32703913063476\n ],\n [\n -104.47998046875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC)
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Corals routinely lose tissue due to causes ranging from predation to disease. Tissue healing and regeneration are fundamental to the normal functioning of corals, yet we know little about this process. We described the microscopic morphology of wound repair in Pocillopora damicornis. Tissue was removed by airbrushing fragments from three healthy colonies, and these were monitored daily at the gross and microscopic level for 40 days. Grossly, corals healed by Day 30, but repigmentation was not evident at the end of the study (40 d). On histology, from Day 8 onwards, tissues at the lesion site were microscopically indistinguishable from adjacent normal tissues with evidence of zooxanthellae in gastrodermis. Inflammation was not evident. P. damicornis manifested a unique mode of regeneration involving projections of cell-covered mesoglea from the surface body wall that anastomosed to form gastrovascular canals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.002","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Villalobos, J., Work, T.M., and Calderon-Aguileraa, L.E., 2016, Wound repair in Pocillopora: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v. 139, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071627","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"139","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788a99ce4b0d27deb3813d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Villalobos, Jenny Carolina","contributorId":98224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Villalobos","given":"Jenny Carolina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calderon-Aguileraa, Luis Eduardo","contributorId":172902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calderon-Aguileraa","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"Eduardo","affiliations":[{"id":27115,"text":"Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, # 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, BC, México","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174876,"text":"70174876 - 2016 - Theory and application of semiochemicals in nuisance fish control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T16:37:43","indexId":"70174876","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-14T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2205,"text":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theory and application of semiochemicals in nuisance fish control","docAbstract":"Controlling unwanted, or nuisance, fishes is becoming an increasingly urgent issue with few obvious solutions. Because fish rely heavily on semiochemicals, or chemical compounds that convey information between and within species, to mediate aspects of their life histories, these compounds are increasingly being considered as an option to help control wild fish. Possible uses of semiochemicals include measuring their presence in water to estimate population size, adding them to traps to count or remove specific species of fish, adding them to waterways to manipulate large-scale movement patterns, and saturating the environment with synthesized semiochemicals to disrupt responses to the natural cue. These applications may be especially appropriate for pheromones, chemical signals that pass between members of same species and which also have extreme specificity and potency. Alarm cues, compounds released by injured fish, and cues released by potential predators also could function as repellents and be especially useful if paired with pheromonal attractants in “push-pull” configurations. Approximately half a dozen attractive pheromones now have been partially identified in fish, and those for the sea lamprey and the common carp have been tested in the field with modest success. Alarm and predator cues for sea lamprey also have been tested in the laboratory and field with some success. Success has been hampered by our incomplete understanding of chemical identity, a lack of synthesized compounds, the fact that laboratory bioassays do not always reflect natural environments, and the relative difficulty of conducting trials on wild fishes because of short field seasons and regulatory requirements. Nevertheless, workers continue efforts to identify pheromones because of the great potential elucidated by insect control and the fact that few tools are available to control nuisance fish. Approaches developed for nuisance fish also could be applied to valued fishes, which suffer from a lack of powerful management tools.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10886-016-0729-4","usgsCitation":"Sorensen, P.W., and Johnson, N., 2016, Theory and application of semiochemicals in nuisance fish control: Journal of Chemical Ecology, v. 42, no. 7, p. 698-715, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-016-0729-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"698","endPage":"715","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077173","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a191e4b030378fb47467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorensen, Peter W.","contributorId":49720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174672,"text":"70174672 - 2016 - Assessing the influence of watershed characteristics on chlorophyll a in waterbodies at global and regional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T20:44:35","indexId":"70174672","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-14T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the influence of watershed characteristics on chlorophyll a in waterbodies at global and regional scales","docAbstract":"Prediction of primary production of lentic water bodies (i.e., lakes and reservoirs) is valuable to researchers and resource managers alike, but is very rarely done at the global scale. With the development of remote sensing technologies, it is now feasible to gather large amounts of data across the world, including understudied and remote regions. To determine which factors were most important in explaining the variation of chlorophyll a (Chl-a), an indicator of primary production in water bodies, at global and regional scales, we first developed a geospatial database of 227 water bodies and watersheds with corresponding Chl-a, nutrient, hydrogeomorphic, and climate data. Then we used a generalized additive modeling approach and developed model selection criteria to select models that most parsimoniously related Chl-a to predictor variables for all 227 water bodies and for 51 lakes in the Laurentian Great Lakes region in the data set. Our best global model contained two hydrogeomorphic variables (water body surface area and the ratio of watershed to water body surface area) and a climate variable (average temperature in the warmest model selection criteria to select models that most parsimoniously related Chl-a to predictor variables quarter) and explained ~ 30% of variation in Chl-a. Our regional model contained one hydrogeomorphic variable (flow accumulation) and the same climate variable, but explained substantially more variation (58%). Our results indicate that a regional approach to watershed modeling may be more informative to predicting Chl-a, and that nearly a third of global variability in Chl-a may be explained using hydrogeomorphic and climate variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Limnology","doi":"10.1080/IW-6.3.964","usgsCitation":"Woelmer, W., Kao, Y., Bunnell, D., Deines, A.M., Bennion, D., Rogers, M.W., Brooks, C., Sayers, M.J., Banach, D.M., Grimm, A.G., and Shuchman, R.A., 2016, Assessing the influence of watershed characteristics on chlorophyll a in waterbodies at global and regional scales: Inland Waters, v. 6, no. 3, p. 379-392, https://doi.org/10.1080/IW-6.3.964.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"392","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071310","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788a99ae4b0d27deb3813c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woelmer, Whitney 0000-0001-5147-3877 wwoelmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-3877","contributorId":150485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woelmer","given":"Whitney","email":"wwoelmer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kao, Yu-Chun","contributorId":35626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kao","given":"Yu-Chun","affiliations":[{"id":6649,"text":"University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":169859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deines, Andrew M.","contributorId":166920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deines","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennion, David 0000-0003-4927-4195 dbennion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-4195","contributorId":149533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennion","given":"David","email":"dbennion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Colin N.","contributorId":103961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Colin N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sayers, Michael J.","contributorId":172893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sayers","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27113,"text":"Michigan Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Banach, David M.","contributorId":172894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27113,"text":"Michigan Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grimm, Amanda G.","contributorId":150482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Shuchman, Robert A.","contributorId":150483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuchman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70174674,"text":"70174674 - 2016 - Assessing the sensitivity of avian species abundance to land cover and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T09:54:59","indexId":"70174674","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-14T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the sensitivity of avian species abundance to land cover and climate","docAbstract":"Climate projections for the Midwestern United States predict southerly climates to shift northward. These shifts in climate could alter distributions of species across North America through changes in climate (i.e., temperature and precipitation), or through climate-induced changes on land cover. Our objective was to determine the relative impacts of land cover and climate on the abundance of five bird species in the Central United States that have habitat requirements ranging from grassland and shrubland to forest. We substituted space for time to examine potential impacts of a changing climate by assessing climate and land cover relationships over a broad latitudinal gradient. We found positive and negative relationships of climate and land cover factors with avian abundances. Habitat variables drove patterns of abundance in migratory and resident species, although climate was also influential in predicting abundance for some species occupying more open habitat (i.e., prairie warbler, blue-winged warbler, and northern bobwhite). Abundance of northern bobwhite increased with winter temperature and was the species exhibiting the most significant effect of climate. Models for birds primarily occupying early successional habitats performed better with a combination of habitat and climate variables whereas models of species found in contiguous forest performed best with land cover alone. These varied species-specific responses present unique challenges to land managers trying to balance species conservation over a variety of land covers. Management activities focused on increasing forest cover may play a role in mitigating effects of future climate by providing habitat refugia to species vulnerable to projected changes. Conservation efforts would be best served focusing on areas with high species abundances and an array of habitats. Future work managing forests for resilience and resistance to climate change could benefit species already susceptible to climate impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1359","usgsCitation":"LeBrun, J.J., Thogmartin, W.E., Thompson, F.R., Dijak, W.D., and Millspaugh, J.J., 2016, Assessing the sensitivity of avian species abundance to land cover and climate: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 6, e01359; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1359.","productDescription":"e01359; 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066593","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1359","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.26171875,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -85.67138671875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -83.16650390625,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -83.16650390625,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 43.54854811091288\n ],\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -98.26171875,\n 44.308126684886126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788a99be4b0d27deb3813c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeBrun, Jaymi J.","contributorId":7959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBrun","given":"Jaymi","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Frank R. III","contributorId":12608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dijak, William D.","contributorId":172897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dijak","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148408,"text":"70148408 - 2016 - Operational thermal remote sensing and lava flow monitoring at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T11:33:18","indexId":"70148408","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5011,"text":"Geological Society of London Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Operational thermal remote sensing and lava flow monitoring at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"Hawaiian volcanoes are highly accessible and well monitored by ground instruments. Nevertheless, observational gaps remain and thermal satellite imagery has proven useful in Hawai‘i for providing synoptic views of activity during intervals between field visits. Here we describe the beginning of a thermal remote sensing programme at the US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Whereas expensive receiving stations have been traditionally required to achieve rapid downloading of satellite data, we exploit free, low-latency data sources on the internet for timely access to GOES, MODIS, ASTER and EO-1 ALI imagery. Automated scripts at the observatory download these data and provide a basic display of the images. Satellite data have been extremely useful for monitoring the ongoing lava flow activity on Kīlauea's East Rift Zone at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō over the past few years. A recent lava flow, named Kahauale‘a 2, was upslope from residential subdivisions for over a year. Satellite data helped track the slow advance of the flow and contributed to hazard assessments. Ongoing improvement to thermal remote sensing at HVO incorporates automated hotspot detection, effusion rate estimation and lava flow forecasting, as has been done in Italy. These improvements should be useful for monitoring future activity on Mauna Loa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP426.17","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., Orr, T., Davies, A., and Ramsey, M.S., 2016, Operational thermal remote sensing and lava flow monitoring at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Geological Society of London Special Publications, v. 426, no. 1, p. 489-503, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP426.17.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"503","ipdsId":"IP-058010","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"426","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe35e4b0a7fdb43c8bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":140376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","email":"torr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramsey, Michael S.","contributorId":58514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189013,"text":"70189013 - 2016 - Identifying sturgeon spawning locations through back-calculations of drift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T10:56:23","indexId":"70189013","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Identifying sturgeon spawning locations through back-calculations of drift","docAbstract":"Unfavorable spawning habitat conditions have been identified as a potential limiting factor for recovery of the endangered pallid sturgeon on the Missouri River and its tributaries. After successful spawning, incubation, and hatching, sturgeon free embryos passively drift downstream and are sometimes captured by sampling crews. While spawning habitat has been identified at time of spawning through field investigations, captured pallid and shovelnose (used as a surrogate species) sturgeon free embryos in the Missouri River often do not come from genetically-known telemetered fish and may be useful to identify additional areas of spawning habitat. We developed a routing model to identify potential spawning locations for captured free embryos of known age based on channel velocity estimates. To estimate velocity we compared use of at-a-station hydraulic geometry relations to empirical estimates of velocity form a 15-year archive of hydroacoustic measurements on the Missouri River.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Flow 2016","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Group","publisherLocation":"London","isbn":"978-1-138-02913-2","usgsCitation":"Bulliner, E.A., Erwin, S.O., Jacobson, R.B., Chojnacki, K.A., George, A.E., and Delonay, A.J., 2016, Identifying sturgeon spawning locations through back-calculations of drift, chap. of River Flow 2016, p. 2188-2196.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2188","endPage":"2196","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611b6e4b0d1f9f0506764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bulliner, Edward A. 0000-0002-2774-9295 ebulliner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-9295","contributorId":4983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bulliner","given":"Edward","email":"ebulliner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, Susannah O. 0000-0002-2799-0118 serwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-0118","contributorId":5183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Susannah","email":"serwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chojnacki, Kimberly A. kchojnacki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Kimberly","email":"kchojnacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"George, Amy E. 0000-0003-1150-8646 ageorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-8646","contributorId":3950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Amy","email":"ageorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J. 0000-0002-3752-2799 adelonay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":2725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"adelonay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189765,"text":"70189765 - 2016 - Habitat and fish assemblage associations and current status of northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei in western Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:27:40","indexId":"70189765","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Habitat and fish assemblage associations and current status of northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei in western Wyoming","title":"Habitat and fish assemblage associations and current status of northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei in western Wyoming","docAbstract":"Human activities have extensively altered native fish assemblages and their habitats in the western United States. Conservation and restoration for long-term persistence of these fishes requires knowledge of their distributional patterns and life history requirements. Northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei (hereafter northern leatherside) is a cyprinid native to the Snake and Bear River Basins of Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah, and it is believed to have declined in distribution relative to historical records. To address information gaps in the species' ecology and assess its status in the state, the objectives of this study were first to document the distribution (2010–2011) of northern leatherside in Wyoming and then to examine habitat factors related to the entire fish assemblage and to evaluate specific habitat associations of northern leatherside in the Bear River Basin, Wyoming. In the Bear River and Upper Snake River Basins, we documented the distribution of northern leatherside and compared it to the previously known distribution. Across the Bear River Basin, we used habitat measurements to assess abiotic features related to the distribution and abundance of northern leatherside. Northern leatherside was found across the Bear River Basin and was present in 2 streams each in the Upper Snake River and Green River Basins in Wyoming. Populations in Wyoming appear to represent the core of northern leatherside range, and our work provided a finer-scale delineation of the species' occurrence. Northern leatherside was collected from a variety of habitats, but multivariate analyses and occurrence modeling indicated it was associated with increased channel depth and depth variability, and positively associated with other native fishes (including mountain sucker Catostomus platyrhynchus, redside shiner Richardsonius balteatus, and speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus). These findings on the distribution and ecology of northern leatherside provide important new information to assist successful management and conservation efforts within Wyoming and across the species' range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum","doi":"10.3398/064.076.0405","usgsCitation":"Schultz, L., Cavalli, P., Sexauer, H., and Zafft, D., 2016, Habitat and fish assemblage associations and current status of northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei in western Wyoming: Western North American Naturalist, v. 76, no. 4, p. 427-440, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.076.0405.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"440","ipdsId":"IP-071889","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol76/iss4/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 43.96909818325171\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 43.96909818325171\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 40.9218144123785\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5977074fe4b0ec1a48889f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Luke 0000-0002-6751-4626 lschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-4626","contributorId":193171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Luke","email":"lschultz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cavalli, Pete","contributorId":195095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cavalli","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sexauer, Hilda","contributorId":195096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexauer","given":"Hilda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zafft, David","contributorId":195097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zafft","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}