Changes in both land use and climate can alter the balance of transport capacity and sediment supply in rivers. Hence, the primary driver of recent incision or aggradation in alluvial channels is often unclear. The San Lorenzo River on the central coast of California is one location where both climate and land use—specifically, clear-cut forestry of coastal redwoods—could explain recent vertical incision and floodplain abandonment. At our field site on the San Lorenzo, we estimate the magnitude of recent incision using both the ratio of bankfull to critical Shields numbers (
Tungsten (W) is used in a variety of industrial and technological applications and has been identified as a critical mineral for the United States, India, the European Union, and other countries. These countries rely on W imports mostly from China, which leaves them vulnerable to supply disruption. Consequently, the U.S. government has a current initiative to understand domestic resource potential. The eastern Alaska portion of the Yukon-Tanana Upland (YTU), is prospective for W skarn deposits, the major source of global W supply. The regional geology consists of juxtaposed Paleozoic lithotectonic packages that were reaccreted to North America in the Mesozoic. Multiple subsequent episodes of arc-related magmatism intruded the lithotectonic packages, accompanied by W skarn formation mostly associated with 100–90 Ma intrusions; major W skarn deposits in Canada are part of the same metallogenic event (e.g., Mactung, Cantung). In this paper, we present an assessment for undiscovered W skarn resources for parts of the lesser-explored western (Alaskan) portion of the YTU.
We used GIS proximity analysis to map the intersection of pluton and carbonate-bearing rocks to define three permissive tracts for W skarn deposits. The permissive tracts were qualitatively assessed by mineral potential mapping using region-wide sediment geochemistry and mineral concentrate datasets. This analysis showed that much of the western YTU has high potential for undiscovered W skarn deposits, whereas the eastern and southern YTU had only isolated areas of medium to high potential. Historical production and the quality of the geochemistry data of the western YTU tract (ca. 9200 km2) permitted a quantitative assessment of undiscovered W resources. Probabilistic estimates by a panel of 20 experts predicted a 70% chance of one to three undiscovered W skarn deposits in the western YTU tract. The rationale for favorability employed by the expert panel included favorable lithology, previous production, clustering of previously mined deposits, W placers in the area, lack of recent exploration, pan concentrates containing W minerals, and W geochemical anomalies. Estimates were combined with a global grade and tonnage model for W skarns in a Monte Carlo simulation and provided a median estimate of undiscovered resources of 94 kt WO3. If the undiscovered W skarn deposits are located close to infrastructure (e.g., near Fairbanks, or close to roads and/or power grid), application of an economic filter indicates that the median total economically recoverable WO3 is 63 kt with a net present value (NPV) of $330 million USD (2008 dollars). Whereas if deposits are far from infrastructure, median recoverable WO3 is only 30 kt and the NPV is $44 million.
Our models for contained WO3 resources and NPV estimates for the western YTU tract are considerably lower than the known resources in skarns in adjacent areas in Canada. Estimates for the western YTU are also lower than preliminary estimates for undiscovered W skarn deposits in areas of the western conterminous United States. We speculate that lower permeability and continuity of favorable carbonate rock horizons in the relatively higher-grade metamorphic country rocks in the Alaska portion of the YTU may explain some of the differences in prospectivity. More detailed geologic mapping, modern geochemistry, and geophysical surveys are needed to refine the resource potential of the whole YTU. Regardless, quantitative mineral resource assessment provides a useful tool for making first-order regional estimates of undiscovered resources, identifying target areas for new data acquisition, and guiding research on the fundamental controls of district-scale metallogenic endowments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106700","usgsCitation":"Case, G.N., Graham, G.E., Marsh, E.E., Taylor, R., Green, C.J., Brown, P.J., and Labay, K.A., 2022, Tungsten skarn potential of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, eastern Alaska, USA—A mineral resource assessment: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 232, 106700, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106700.","productDescription":"106700, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119358","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106700","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TDKQE4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Qualitative Mineral Potential Map of Tungsten Skarn in the Yukon-Tanana Uplands, Eastern Alaska, USA, 2021"},{"id":390107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.3359375,\n 63.35212928507874\n ],\n [\n -141.240234375,\n 63.35212928507874\n ],\n [\n -141.240234375,\n 67.23806155909902\n ],\n [\n -154.3359375,\n 67.23806155909902\n ],\n [\n -154.3359375,\n 63.35212928507874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"232","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Case, George N.D. 0000-0001-9826-5661 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cjgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-6268","contributorId":193013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Carlin","email":"cjgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Philip J. 0000-0002-2415-7462 pbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-7462","contributorId":759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip","email":"pbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":217714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70250895,"text":"70250895 - 2021 - Three-dimensional electrical resistivity characterization of Mountain Pass, California and surrounding region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T14:37:26.712196","indexId":"70250895","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-11T08:27:41","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional electrical resistivity characterization of Mountain Pass, California and surrounding region","docAbstract":"The Sulphide Queen carbonatite deposit at Mountain Pass in southeast California is a world class rare earth element (REE) resource. This study images electrical resistivity structure of the REE deposit and surrounding area to characterize resources under cover. An east-west elongated grid (35 × 15 km) of 65 wideband magnetotelluric stations spanning from eastern Shadow Valley to eastern Ivanpah Valley were collected and modeled in three-dimensions (3-D). Gravity, aeromagnetic, and geologic data are used to inform interpretation of structures in the resistivity model, including the following observations. Shadow Valley is filled with conductive sediment that locally dips southward to a depth of 1 km. The Kingston Range-Halloran Hills detachment fault dips westward at ∼15 degrees. The REE deposit is a moderate low resistivity zone dipping southwest to a possible depth of ∼1 km, and is bounded by the North and South faults and bisected by the Middle fault. Ivanpah Dry Lake is underlain by a north striking southward dipping sedimentary basin. Two possible zones of mineralization are observed in Ivanpah Valley, one along the western edge of Ivanpah Dry Lake and one on the western edge of valley along a new inferred fault. The brittle-ductile transition is imaged at ∼10 km below mean sea level. No deep electrically conductive structures are imaged to be related to the REE deposit likely due to the complex geologic history of the Mojave terrane. Future studies should regional target Proterozoic rocks and search within for geophysical signatures similar to Mountain Pass.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021GC010029","usgsCitation":"Peacock, J., Denton, K., and Ponce, D.A., 2021, Three-dimensional electrical resistivity characterization of Mountain Pass, California and surrounding region: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 22, no. 11, e2021GC010029, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010029.","productDescription":"e2021GC010029, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132719","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gc010029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":424329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mountain Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":210082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denton, Kevin 0000-0001-9604-4021","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4021","contributorId":207718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70227259,"text":"70227259 - 2021 - Bat activity patterns relative to temporal and weather effects in a temperate coastal environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T13:08:30.80089","indexId":"70227259","displayToPublicDate":"2022-08-25T07:04:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bat activity patterns relative to temporal and weather effects in a temperate coastal environment","docAbstract":"The northeastern and mid-Atlantic coasts of the United States are important summer maternity habitat and seasonal migratory corridors for many species of bats. Additionally, the effects of weather on bat activity are relatively unknown beyond coarse nightly scales. Using acoustic detectors, we assessed nightly and hourly activity patterns for eight species of bats over 21 consecutive months at Fire Island National Seashore, New York. The site is an important bat conservation area because it hosts one of the few confirmed northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies in the region despite their widespread extirpation due to white-nose syndrome (WNS). There have been no reported captures of little brown bats (M. lucifugus), Indiana bats (M. sodalis), or tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) at the site post-WNS. Overall, we found mean hourly temperature, time since sunset, day of year, and year to be the most important predictors of bat activity levels for all examined species. Most non-hibernating, migratory species in our study demonstrated a positive relationship to mean temperature at the hourly timescale, whereas cave-hibernating bats tended to show a negative relationship to mean temperature during the time of year when they are expected to be active. Although most bat activity occurred in the late spring through early autumn, peaking in summer, some activity occurred periodically in the winter months, mostly attributable to the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivigans) phonic group. Unexpectedly, relationships of bat activity to wind and precipitation were largely equivocal. Initial presence (as early as March 30) and departure (between November 1–4) for northern long-eared bats at our study area occurred earlier in the spring and later in the fall than occurs for inland populations, suggesting that the species overwinters on Long Island rather than at inland karst caves or mines. A peak in spring activity characteristic of migratory behavior in the central Appalachians and Atlantic Coast was not observed at Fire Island, although Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) and hoary bats (L. cinereus) – both migratory species – did show a notable rise in activity in the late summer and early fall, suggesting these populations may migrate to and from Fire Island. Understanding the temporal and weather relationships to bat activity in this coastal environment may have important implications for tailoring more effective conservation and management strategies by identifying optimal timing for surveys, tracking bats during peak migratory windows, and providing insights that minimizes impacts to extant bats from activities such as wind-energy development or land management, i.e., forestry.
The southwestern U.S. is a global hotspot of climate change. Models project that temperatures will continue to rise through the end of the 21st century, accompanied by significant changes to the hydrological cycle. Within the Sonoran Desert, a limited number of studies have documented climate change impacts on the phenology of native plant species. Much of this phenological work to understand climate change impacts to phenology builds on research conducted nearly three decades ago to define flowering triggers and developmental requirements for native keystone Sonoran Desert woody species. Here we expand on the drivers and explore recent phenological trends for six species using a unique 36-year observational data set. We use statistical models to determine which aspects of climate influence the probability of flowering, and how flowering time may respond to climate change. We move beyond traditional models of phenology by incorporating different metrics of moisture availability in addition to temperature, weather, and climate at several time scales, including daily, weekly, seasonal, and antecedent conditions. Our results provide evidence of a trend towards earlier flowering (on the order of 1–4 days per decade) for five of the six species analyzed, and no trend for one species. The species we evaluated had contrasting phenological responses to different aspects of climate, suggesting individualistic changes in phenology and the potential of divergent plant community flowering patterns under future climate change. Understanding recent changes in flowering phenology and their climatic triggers is important to anticipating whether plant species can attract pollinators, reproduce, and persist within the community under continued climate change.
The common raven (Corvus corax; raven) is a nest predator of species of conservation concern, such as the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Reducing raven abundance by take requires authorization under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. To support U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s take decisions (e.g., those that authorize killing a specified proportion or number of individuals annually in a defined area), including the most recent one for Oregon’s Baker County Priority Area for Conservation (PAC), we modeled raven population dynamics under hypothetical scenarios with take rates ranging from below to above the maximum sustained yield (MSY; i.e., trmsy= 0.01-0.60). We fit a Bayesian state-space logistic model to estimate abundance based on the Breeding Bird Survey route-level count data for the PAC during 1997-2019 and Great Basin Region (GBR) during 1968-2019. We predicted abundance for 2019-2030 and evaluated potential take levels (PTL) for the PAC and GBR. Abundance averaged 682 (SE = 93) for the PAC during 1997-2019 and 333,027 (SE = 20,504) for the GBR during 1968-2019. With take rates between 0.41 and 0.60, predicted abundance averaged 308 (SD = 405) for the PAC and 142,258 (SD = 53,474) for the GBR during 2019-2030. With management factor F = 0.75-2 for takes ranging from below to above the MSY, the PTL 50th percentiles were 150-401 yr-1 for the PAC and 60,457-161,219 yr-1 for the GBR. Our modeling framework is flexible and can be part of a comprehensive management strategy for ravens in the western United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/mft7-3s49","usgsCitation":"Rivera-Milan, F.F., Coates, P.S., Cupples, J.B., Greenfield, M., and Devers, P.K., 2021, Evaluating common raven take for greater sage-grouse in Oregon’s Baker County Priority Conservation Area and Great Basin Region: Human–Wildlife Interactions, v. 15, no. 3, p. 544-555, https://doi.org/10.26077/mft7-3s49.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"555","ipdsId":"IP-130939","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","county":"Baker County","otherGeospatial":"Baker County Priority Area for Conservation, Great Basin region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.68951161920046,\n 34.86882693230382\n ],\n [\n -114.41790621700025,\n 36.01914680504717\n ],\n [\n -113.82020760748156,\n 37.035851159985356\n ],\n [\n -112.52378196216432,\n 38.12537531265528\n ],\n [\n -110.60534802832137,\n 40.207403813426794\n ],\n [\n -109.85711979438781,\n 40.96708218000899\n ],\n [\n -110.93379332696821,\n 42.70865552935243\n ],\n [\n -112.11378671967859,\n 43.905933672244174\n ],\n [\n -114.50077945797338,\n 44.03396589456605\n ],\n [\n -115.45854012963628,\n 43.83833640174953\n ],\n [\n -115.40704209937076,\n 43.018005042973016\n ],\n [\n -116.42329526100599,\n 43.68826560687998\n ],\n [\n -117.43582175960373,\n 44.15254599056391\n ],\n [\n -117.56411494928062,\n 45.51071863545178\n ],\n [\n -120.86148371385596,\n 45.196163484203765\n ],\n [\n -122.83048081173237,\n 44.614156463039876\n ],\n [\n -122.62369563732213,\n 42.15476186217535\n ],\n [\n -121.34389073677045,\n 39.29239163753837\n ],\n [\n -119.00109543128349,\n 37.18611006397258\n ],\n [\n -114.62870331939041,\n 34.87238166990903\n ],\n [\n -114.68951161920046,\n 34.86882693230382\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rivera-Milan, Frank F.","contributorId":302112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivera-Milan","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cupples, Jacqueline B.","contributorId":289741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cupples","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenfield, Michael","contributorId":224657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenfield","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":40903,"text":"Greenfield Geotechnical, Portland, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Devers, Patrick K.","contributorId":167173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devers","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230359,"text":"70230359 - 2021 - Can we prove that an undetected species is absent? Evaluating whether brown treesnakes are established on the island of Saipan using surveillance and expert opinion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-08T11:55:38.460524","indexId":"70230359","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-31T06:52:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can we prove that an undetected species is absent? Evaluating whether brown treesnakes are established on the island of Saipan using surveillance and expert opinion","docAbstract":"Detection of invasive species and decisions centered around early detection and rapid response (EDRR) are notorious challenges for decision makers. Detection probability is low for cryptic species, resources are limited, and ecological harm (especially for island ecosystems) can result from failure to remove invasive species due to inadequate or delayed surveillance efforts. Due to the proximity to the U.S. territory of Guam and inter-island traffic, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is at high risk of colonization by the invasive and cryptic brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis; BTS). There have been numerous reports of snakes and 7 confirmed specimens secured at ports of entry on the island of Saipan in the CNMI over the last four decades, raising the possibility that a population might be established. Establishment of BTS on Saipan is a major concern, as evidenced by the ecological and economic disruption that occurred on Guam. We evaluated the possibility of a small localized population on Saipan using evidence from surveillance efforts in 1999, 2007, 2009, 2016, and 2018, and from results of expert assessment of the credibility of non-confirmed reports of snakes for the period 1982–2013. For active surveillance efforts, we use a Poisson-based model to estimate the 95% probability of at least one snake being detected at a stated density given the level of sampling effort and detection probability. Based on this collective evidence we conclude there is a low probability that Saipan currently has an incipient population of BTS. However, with the continued presence of BTS on Guam, continuing commercial and military transportation in the region, and relief shipments responding to increased storm intensity, Saipan remains highly vulnerable to accidental introductions. Effective surveillance remains a crucial element for detection of any species, but this may be particularly true for a cryptic snake that is difficult to control once established. |
Dispersal is one of the key elements of species’ metapopulation dynamics and, hence, influences global conservation status. Furthermore, determining the geographic variation in magnitude and direction of dispersal throughout a species’ distribution may expand our understanding of the causes of population declines in species of conservation concern. For instance, western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) populations have declined at the northern and eastern edge of their breeding distribution during the 20th century. In the same period, large areas of thornscrub that did not support breeding owls were converted to irrigated agriculture in the southern edge of the subspecies’ breeding distribution in northwestern Mexico. These farmlands now support some of the highest breeding densities of owls. We tested the hypothesis that owls that colonized this recently created habitat originated from declining migratory populations from the northern portion of the subspecies’ range. We used stable isotopes 2H, 13C, and 15N in owl feathers to infer breeding dispersal patterns throughout the subspecies’ breeding range. Populations near the northern edge of the subspecies’ breeding range had immigrants that dispersed over larger distances than immigrants at low and mid latitude populations. However, agricultural populations in northwestern Mexico disrupted this latitudinal pattern, attracting owls from more distant locations. We also found immigrants originated from further distances in declining populations than increasing populations. Stable isotopes provided no evidence of contemporaneous breeding dispersal from Canadian populations to northwestern Mexico but suggest that agricultural areas in the southern edge of the subspecies’ distribution have altered the continental dispersal pattern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Press","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arab100","usgsCitation":"Macias-Duarte, A., and Conway, C.J., 2021, Geographic variation in dispersal of western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) populations across North America: Behavioral Ecology, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1339-1351, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab100.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1351","ipdsId":"IP-123945","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab100","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":" Macias-Duarte","contributorId":287304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Macias-Duarte","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40855,"text":"UA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836612,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Macias-Duarte, Alberto","contributorId":70605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macias-Duarte","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70230020,"text":"70230020 - 2021 - Emerging control strategies for integrated pest management of invasive carps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-01T22:08:09.617698","indexId":"70230020","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-28T10:42:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9949,"text":"Journal of Vertebrate Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging control strategies for integrated pest management of invasive carps","docAbstract":"Invasive carps are ecologically and economically problematic fish species in many large river basins in the United States and pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems throughout much of North America. Four species of invasive carps: black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), are particularly concerning for native ecosystems because they occupy and disrupt a variety of food and habitat niches. In response, natural resource agencies are developing integrated pest management (IPM) plans to mitigate invasive carps. Control tools are one key component within a successful IPM program and have been a focal point for development by governmental agencies and academic researchers. For example, behavioural deterrents and barriers that block migratory pathways could limit carps range expansion into new areas, while efficient removal methods could suppress established carp populations. However, control tools are sometimes limited in practice due to uncertainty with deployment, efficacy and availability. This review provides an overview of several emerging modelling approaches and control technologies that could inform and support future invasive carp IPM programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.25225/jvb.21057","usgsCitation":"Cupp, A.R., Brey, M.K., Calfee, R.D., Chapman, D., Erickson, R.A., Fischer, J., Fritts, A.K., George, A.E., Jackson, P.R., Knights, B.C., Saari, G.N., and Kocovsky, P., 2021, Emerging control strategies for integrated pest management of invasive carps: Journal of Vertebrate Biology, v. 70, no. 4, 21057, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.25225/jvb.21057.","productDescription":"21057, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131880","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":449981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Ryan 0000-0002-3154-6108 pjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-6108","contributorId":194529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P.","email":"pjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Saari, Gavin N. 0000-0002-3593-5127 gsaari@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-5127","contributorId":289203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saari","given":"Gavin","email":"gsaari@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":150837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70254654,"text":"70254654 - 2021 - Effects of diet and provisioning behavior on chick growth in Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-06T12:12:24.728995","indexId":"70254654","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-23T07:11:06","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of diet and provisioning behavior on chick growth in Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)","docAbstract":"When provisioning chicks, parents trade-off their time, energy, and other resources to maximize reproductive success. As parents adjust investment to maximize their fitness, impacts on offspring growth can occur. We investigated provisioning and chick growth of Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at one of the largest colonies (∼175,000 pairs), during one year of normal chick growth and survival and in a year which, by chance, was characterized by low chick growth and survival (“difficult” year). We measured daily average amount and quality of food delivered, as well as foraging-trip duration, and compared them to chick mass and skeletal growth during two years of contrasting conditions. We used mixed-effects models to test the prediction that increased parental investment would lead to increased growth rates, while accounting for confounding effects. There was no evidence of an effect of parent age. All provisioning measures predicted growth of at least one morphological character but, especially during the year of normal reproductive success, no provisioning measure strongly predicted growth across most morphological characters. However, during the difficult year parental investment positively affected growth rates, especially for males that were fed relatively more fish. The observed variation in growth rates between males and females, and between years of contrasting apparent resource availability, was large enough to lead to size differences that may subsequently affect post-fledging survival and ultimately population processes.
Ecosystem structure and processes of coastal temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are thought to be strongly influenced by herbivory primarily of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) and secondarily of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Two large (0.5-ha) exclosures were built in old-growth coniferous rainforest communities in Olympic National Park, Washington, during 1979 to study these effects. Cover of shrubs, ferns, herbs, and graminoids and numbers of tree seedlings were described over 36 yr. Results show a sequence following ungulate exclusion of early release of shrubs, ferns, and herbs followed by eventual dominance of shrubs as other vegetation layers become shaded. Short-term responses of individual species reflected functional traits related to ability to avoid or tolerate herbivory. Over the longer term, effects reflected changing competitive relationships among vegetation layers and other ecosystem dynamics such as the provision of fallen trees in the appropriate decay class to serve as establishment substrate for tree seedlings. In aggregate, vegetation composition shifted after 36 yr from a system dominated by herbaceous cover with a major graminoid component to one dominated by shrubs (5- to 6-fold absolute increase) and ferns (5–7% increase in absolute cover), less absolute herb cover (15–20% loss), and almost no graminoids (<1.5% cover remaining in any plot) after 36 yr. These changes represented a substantial loss in plant community diversity with a loss of 46 of 74 species. Elk abundance outside of the exclosures began to decline in the 1990s leading to parallel changes in plant community trajectories outside of exclosures to those initially seen inside. While this suggests plant community responses inside the exclosures were also driven by elk exclusion, the strength of this response depends on elk abundance.
The plague bacterium Yersinia pestis is lethal to endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes, BFF) and the prairie dogs (Cynomys spp., PD) on which they depend for habitat and prey. We assessed the effectiveness of an oral sylvatic plague vaccine delivered in baits to black-tailed PD (Cynomys ludovicianus, BTPD) from 2013 to 2017 on the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge (CMR) in northcentral Montana. We permanently marked BTPD on four paired vaccine (N = 1,349 individuals) and placebo plots (N = 926; 7,027 total captures). We analyzed capture–recapture data under a Cormack–Jolly–Seber model to estimate annual apparent survival. Overall, survival averaged 0.05 lower on vaccine plots than on paired placebo plots. Immediately before noticeable die-offs and detecting plague on pairs CMR1 and CMR2, 89% of BTPD sampled on vaccine plots had consumed at least one bait and the immune systems (pleural) of 40% were likely boosted by consuming baits over multiple years. Survival to the following year was 0.16 and 0.05 on the vaccine plots and 0.19 and 0.06 on the placebo plots for pairs CMR1 and CMR2, respectively. These rates were markedly lower than 0.63, the overall average estimate on those same plots during the previous 3 years. PD populations subjected to such large die-offs would not be expected to sustain a BFF population. An overriding limitation to achieving sufficient protection rests with vaccine delivery constraints. Late summer/fall bait distribution results in the highest bait uptake rates. However, the PD birth pulse each spring can double the size of populations in most years, greatly reducing the proportion of vaccinates in populations and diminishing potential herd immunity benefits. In addition to nonvaccinated juveniles and PD that do not consume bait, incomplete vaccine protection and time required for immunity to develop leaves a large majority of PD populations vulnerable to plague for 6–7 months or more each year.
Small cryptic invertebrates (the cryptofauna) are extremely abundant, ecologically important, and species rich on coral reefs. Ongoing ocean acidification is likely to have both direct effects on the biology of these organisms, as well as indirect effects through cascading impacts on their habitats and trophic relationships. Naturally acidified habitats have been important model systems for studying these complex interactions because entire communities that are adapted to these environmental conditions can be analyzed. However, few studies have examined the cryptofauna because they are difficult to census quantitatively in topographically complex habitats and are challenging to identify. We addressed these challenges by using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) for sampling reef-dwelling invertebrates >2 mm in size and by using DNA barcoding for taxonomic identifications. The study took place in Papua New Guinea at two reef localities, each with three sites at varying distances from carbon dioxide seeps, thereby sampling across a natural gradient in acidification. We observed sharp overall declines in both the abundance (34–56%) and diversity (42–45%) of organisms in ARMS under the lowest pH conditions sampled (7.64–7.75). However, the overall abundance of gastropods increased slightly in lower pH conditions, and crustacean and gastropod families exhibited varying patterns. There was also variability in response between the two localities, despite their close proximity, as one control pH site displayed unusually low diversity and abundances for all invertebrate groups. The data illustrate the complexity of responses of the reef fauna to pH conditions, and the role of additional factors that influence the diversity and abundance of cryptic reef invertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0258725","usgsCitation":"Plaisance, L., Matterson, K., Fabricius, K., Drovetski, S.V., Meyer, C.F., and Knowlton, N., 2021, Effects of low pH on the coral reef cryptic invertebrate communities near CO2 vents in Papua New Guinea: PLoS ONE, v. 16, no. 12, e0258725, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258725.","productDescription":"e0258725, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125629","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258725","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Papua New Guinea","state":"Milne Bay Province","otherGeospatial":"Dobu, Upa Upasina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 150.8474349975586,\n -9.771994523201766\n ],\n [\n 150.8917236328125,\n -9.771994523201766\n ],\n [\n 150.8917236328125,\n -9.733590552033547\n ],\n [\n 150.8474349975586,\n -9.733590552033547\n ],\n [\n 150.8474349975586,\n -9.771994523201766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 150.77533721923828,\n -9.812593019509318\n ],\n [\n 150.79696655273438,\n -9.812593019509318\n ],\n [\n 150.79696655273438,\n -9.791279427997022\n ],\n [\n 150.77533721923828,\n -9.791279427997022\n ],\n [\n 150.77533721923828,\n -9.812593019509318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plaisance, Laetitia","contributorId":270161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plaisance","given":"Laetitia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56101,"text":"Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matterson, Kenan O.","contributorId":203367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matterson","given":"Kenan O.","affiliations":[{"id":36606,"text":"Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fabricius, Katharina","contributorId":270162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fabricius","given":"Katharina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56102,"text":"Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drovetski, Sergei V. 0000-0002-1832-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-5597","contributorId":229520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drovetski","given":"Sergei","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Christoph F. J.","contributorId":245693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Christoph","email":"","middleInitial":"F. J.","affiliations":[{"id":49282,"text":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Portugal; National Institute for Amazonian Research & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil; University of Salford, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knowlton, Nancy","contributorId":174345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowlton","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27432,"text":"Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70230949,"text":"70230949 - 2021 - How well do we know Europa’s topography? An evaluation of the variability in digital terrain models of Europa.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-29T12:14:14.148908","indexId":"70230949","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-15T07:12:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How well do we know Europa’s topography? An evaluation of the variability in digital terrain models of Europa.","docAbstract":"Demographic studies of many bird species are challenging because their nests are cryptic, resulting in few nests being found. To maximize statistical power, methods are needed that minimize disturbance while yielding as much information per nest as possible. One way to meet these objectives is to use miniature thermal data loggers to precisely date nest fates. Our objectives, therefore, were to (1) examine the possible effect of thermal data loggers on nest success through hatching by grass- and shrub-nesting songbirds that differed in their parasite egg-accepting and -rejecting behavior, (2) examine the effect of using daily temperature data versus less frequent nest-visit data on statistical power, bias, and precision when estimating the daily survival rate (DSR) for nests, and (3) compare these two approaches using a simulation study and field data. We monitored the survival of nests located in agricultural landscapes and used a binomial logistic regression with main effects for data-loggers and parasite-accepting or -rejecting status and their interaction. We also compared maximum likelihood–derived DSR for differences in estimated rates, precision, and sample sizes with both data collected in the field and simulated with varying sample sizes and visit frequencies. We found no evidence that thermal data loggers had any effect on hatching rates either for all species or for parasite egg-accepting and -rejecting species, separately. Both our simulation and analysis of real nest data indicated that use of data loggers increased the statistical power from each nest studied by increasing effective sample sizes and precision of DSR estimates compared to in-person visits. We also found a negative bias in DSR estimates with longer visit intervals, which use of data-loggers removed. Both the results of simulated- and field-data analyses suggest that future studies of nest survival can be improved by automated nest monitoring by removing a source of bias and providing more time to find additional nests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12389","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, M., Klaver, R.W., Schulte, L., and Niemi, J., 2021, Miniature temperature data loggers increase precision and reduce bias when estimating the daily survival rate for bird nests: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 492-505, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12389.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"505","ipdsId":"IP-110086","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12389","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, Matthew D.","contributorId":342652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulte, Lisa A.","contributorId":349258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulte","given":"Lisa A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niemi, Jarad","contributorId":349259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemi","given":"Jarad","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70226844,"text":"70226844 - 2021 - Life-history attributes of Arctic-breeding birds drive uneven responses to environmental variability across different phases of the reproductive cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T17:45:08.622262","indexId":"70226844","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-13T06:45:34","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life-history attributes of Arctic-breeding birds drive uneven responses to environmental variability across different phases of the reproductive cycle","docAbstract":"Animals exhibit varied life-history traits that reflect adaptive responses to their environments. For Arctic-breeding birds, traits related to diet, egg nutrient allocation, clutch size, and chick growth are predicted to be under increasing selection pressure due to rapid climate change and increasing environmental variability across high-latitude regions. We compared four migratory birds (black brant [Branta bernicla nigricans], lesser snow geese [Chen caerulescens caerulescens], semipalmated sandpipers [Calidris pusilla], and Lapland longspurs [Calcarius lapponicus]) with varied life histories at an Arctic site in Alaska, USA, to understand how life-history traits help moderate environmental variability across different phases of the reproductive cycle. We monitored aspects of reproductive performance related to the timing of breeding, reproductive investment, and chick growth from 2011 to 2018. In response to early snowmelt and warm temperatures, semipalmated sandpipers advanced their site arrival and bred in higher numbers, while brant and snow geese increased clutch sizes; all four species advanced their nest initiation dates. During chick rearing, longspur nestlings were relatively resilient to environmental variation, whereas warmer temperatures increased the growth rates of sandpiper chicks but reduced growth rates of snow goose goslings. These responses generally aligned with traits along the capital-income spectrum of nutrient acquisition and altricial–precocial modes of chick growth. Under a warming climate, the ability to mobilize endogenous reserves likely provides geese with relative flexibility to adjust the timing of breeding and the size of clutches. Higher temperatures, however, may negatively affect the quality of herbaceous foods and slow gosling growth. Species may possess traits that are beneficial during one phase of the reproductive cycle and others that may be detrimental at another phase, uneven responses that may be amplified with future climate warming. These results underscore the need to consider multiple phases of the reproductive cycle when assessing the effects of environmental variability on Arctic-breeding birds.
Lampreys (order: Petromyzontiformes) represent one of two extant groups of jawless fishes, also called cyclostomes. Lampreys have a variety of unique features that distinguish them from other fishes. Here we review the physiological features of lampreys that have contributed to their evolutionary and ecological success. The term physiology is used broadly to also include traits involving multiple levels of biological organization, like swimming performance, that have a strong but not exclusively physiological basis. We also provide examples of how sea lamprey traits are currently being used or investigated to control invasive populations in the Great Lakes, such as reduced capacity to detoxify lampricides, inability to surmount low barriers or dams, and sensitivity to several lamprey-specific chemosensory pheromones and alarm cues. Specific suggestions are also provided for how an improved knowledge of lamprey physiological traits could be exploited for more effective conservation of native lampreys and lead to the development of next generation sea lamprey control and conservation tools.
Context: Camera trapping is increasingly used to collect information on wildlife occurrence and behaviour remotely. Not only does the technique provide insights into habitat use by species of interest, it also gathers information on non-target species.
Aims: We implemented ground-based camera trapping to investigate the behaviours of ground-dwelling birds, a technique that has largely been unutilised for studying birds, especially in wind-energy facilities.
Methods: We used camera traps to monitor activities of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at their self-constructed burrows in a wind-energy facility near Palm Springs, California, USA. While doing so, we collected data on numerous burrow commensals, including birds.
Key results: Monitoring from late spring to mid-autumn in one year showed regular use of tortoise burrows and the immediate area by 12 species of birds, especially passerines. The most abundant species, as indicated by the number of photographs, but not necessarily individuals, was the rock wren (Salpinctes obsoletus), with a total of 1499 events. Birds appeared to use the interior or proximate vicinity of burrows for gathering nesting material, displaying, feeding, dust bathing and other activities. Of the bird species observed, 10 are known to be occasional casualties of turbine-blade strikes. The minimum known-age of a burrow had a positive relationship with bird counts.
Conclusions: Using camera traps focused at ground level can be a useful tool in avian conservation efforts because it is an effective technique for measuring bird presence, activity and behaviour in altered habitats such as wind farms, especially for those species that are low flyers or ground dwellers.
Implications: Acquiring data over the long term by using ground-based monitoring with camera traps could add to our understanding of avian behaviour and habitat use in relation to wind-energy infrastructure and operations, and help determine the vulnerability of avifauna that utilise the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WR21071","usgsCitation":"Puffer, S., Tennant, L.A., Lovich, J.E., Agha, M., Smith, A.L., Delaney, D., Arundel, T.R., Fleckenstein, L.J., Briggs, J., Walde, A., and Ennen, J., 2021, Birds not in flight: Using camera traps to observe ground use of birds at a wind-energy facility: Wildlife Research, v. 49, p. 283-294, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR21071.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-116087","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 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ltennant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-7287","contributorId":5984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennant","given":"Laura","email":"ltennant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Amanda L. amandasmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":193098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Amanda","email":"amandasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":829411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delaney, David","contributorId":75444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arundel, Terence R. 0000-0003-0324-4249 tarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-4249","contributorId":139242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terence","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fleckenstein, Leo J.","contributorId":196259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleckenstein","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13019,"text":"Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Briggs, Jessica","contributorId":22691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Walde, Andrew","contributorId":212741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walde","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua","contributorId":72691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70236523,"text":"70236523 - 2021 - Influence of antecedent geology on the Holocene formation and evolution of Horn Island, Mississippi, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T12:28:43.889046","indexId":"70236523","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-11T07:25:11","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of antecedent geology on the Holocene formation and evolution of Horn Island, Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"Horn Island, one of the two most stable barriers along the Mississippi-Alabama chain (Cat, East and West Ship, Horn, West Petit Bois, Petit Bois, and Dauphin), provides critical habitat, helps regulate estuarine conditions in the Mississippi Sound, and reduces wave energy and storm surge before they reach the mainland shore. However, important details of the formation and evolution of the island in response to sea-level rise, storms, and antecedent geology remain unclear. This study integrates 2200 km of high-resolution geophysical data, 35 sediment cores, and 18 radiocarbon ages to better understand the geologic history of the island. Incised valleys of the Biloxi and Pascagoula Rivers underlie Horn Island and played a profound role in the evolution of the system. Within the incised valleys, sandy paleochannel deposits represent potential sediment sources during island development. Scour associated with wave and tidal ravinement processes liberated sand from the paleochannels and along with numerous other sizable sand sources on the shelf contributed to the formation and continued maintenance of Horn Island. Based on radiocarbon ages, transgressive ephemeral islands/shoals with no preserved shoreface existed at least 8000 cal yr BP and were frequently overwashed when sea-level rise rates were ~ 4–5 mm/yr. Approximately 5000 cal yr BP, coinciding with a deceleration in sea-level rise to about 1.4 mm/yr and attendant increased sand supply, radiocarbon ages associated with Horn Island's barrier complex and lower shoreface indicate a period of island stabilization. Seismic and sediment core data show a long history of westward lateral migration by longshore currents through tidal ravinement and inlet fill. Subsurface sand packages associated with tidal inlet fill and paleochannels are available for ravinement and may be important sand sources for Horn Island to maintain subaerial exposure with the expected accelerated future sea-level rise.
An information-theoretic approach was used to evaluate non-native freshwater fish species introduced to insular habitats of Hawaii and Guam comparing successful establishments vs. failures. Since the late 1800s, as many as 81 non-native freshwater fish species have been recorded as introduced to Hawaii and Guam (combined) and 50 (62%) of these are documented as having one or more established populations. We examined eleven independent variables to investigate establishment success by creating 21 a priori logistic regression models ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample size. An additional eight post-hoc models were included that comprised the best a priori model and various combinations of individual variables. The best overall model of establishment probability included effects of taxonomic affinity (family membership), prior establishment success on other tropical islands, and hypoxia tolerance. Establishment success in Hawaii and Guam was highest for those species established on many other islands, and according to our best model air-breathing fishes were more likely to become established. Six fish families, each with from three to 18 species introduced to Pacific islands, were highly successful at establishment: Cichlidae (16 established of 18 species introduced), Poeciliidae (seven of eight), Cyprinidae (four of seven), Centrarchidae (four of four), Clariidae (three of three), and Loricariidae (three of four). Those that successfully established include both small and moderately large-bodied taxa, while representing a diverse array of other morphological and life-history traits. Pathways and motives associated with fish introductions in the Pacific have been linked to desires to develop aquaculture, enhance wild stocks of food, sport, and bait fishes, for use as biological control agents, or are linked to the ornamental fish trade. We found that many established species were introduced via multiple pathways (up to eight) and our analyses suggest that the combination of prior establishment success on other tropical islands and presence of non-native fishes in multiple pathways was indicative of high propagule pressure. Our study results and conclusions on Pacific tropical island introductions are in general agreement with previous studies on non-native freshwater fishes in other regions of the world and similar to observations in continental ecosystems and temperate zones.
The Kohala volcano is home to the most spatially isolated population of Hawaiian forest birds on Hawai‘i Island and contains one of the few native bird populations in the state that has not been monitored since the original Hawai‘i Forest Bird Survey (HFBS) in 1979. We surveyed 143 stations across 13 transects in Pu‘u ‘O ‘Umi Natural Area Reserve on Kohala from February through April 2017 and compared our results to data from the 1979 HFBS conducted at 80 stations across three transects in the same location as our study site. We detected 2806 individuals of 15 species and measured relative abundance, relative occurrence, and density for seven species. We observed changes in species densities ranging from −8.4% (Hawai‘i ‘Elepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis) to +714% (‘I‘iwi, Drepanis coccinea). Equivalence testing showed meaningful increases in population densities for all but one species, the Hawai‘i ‘Elepaio. The increases in population densities on Kohala are in stark contrast to the widespread declines in population densities of native species elsewhere in Hawai‘i. Relative occurrence was greater in 2017 than in 1979 for all species except Hawai‘i ‘Elepaios and House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), and relative abundance increased for all species except Hawai‘i ‘Elepaios, House Finches, and Melodious Laughing Thrushes (Garrulax canorus). We also documented the range expansion of Japanese Bush Warblers (Cettia diphone) in Kohala. Our results indicate that this spatially isolated avian community remains biologically diverse, and most population densities are increasing in the study area. Our results provide a framework for future surveys and a baseline for understanding possible changes in population and community dynamics as birds respond to climate change and avian disease on Kohala volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12386","usgsCitation":"Burnett, K., Camp, R.J., and Hart, P.J., 2021, Current distribution and abundance of Kohala forest birds in Hawai‘i: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 377-387, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12386.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-132811","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93Y0MS0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawaii Island Kohala Mountain complex forest bird survey, 2017"},{"id":399089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Pu'u 'O 'Umi Natural Area Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":147728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70260125,"text":"70260125 - 2021 - Selected crater and small caldera lakes in Alaska: Characteristics and hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-29T16:56:34.784541","indexId":"70260125","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-01T11:53:06","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selected crater and small caldera lakes in Alaska: Characteristics and hazards","docAbstract":"This study addresses the characteristics, potential hazards, and both eruptive and non-eruptive role of water at selected volcanic crater lakes in Alaska. Crater lakes are an important feature of some stratovolcanoes in Alaska. Of the volcanoes in the state with known Holocene eruptive activity, about one third have summit crater lakes. Also included are two volcanoes with small caldera lakes (Katmai, Kaguyak). The lakes play an important but not well studied role in influencing eruptive behavior and pose some significant hydrologic hazards. Floods from crater lakes in Alaska are evaluated by estimating maximum potential crater lake water volumes and peak outflow discharge with a dam-break model. Some recent eruptions and hydrologic events that involved crater lakes also are reviewed. The large volumes of water potentially hosted by crater lakes in Alaska indicate that significant flowage hazards resulting from catastrophic breaching of crater rims are possible. Estimates of maximum peak flood discharge associated with breaching of lake-filled craters derived from dam-break modeling indicate that flood magnitudes could be as large as 103–106 m3/s if summit crater lakes drain rapidly when at maximum volume. Many of the Alaska crater lakes discussed are situated in hydrothermally altered craters characterized by complex assemblages of stratified unconsolidated volcaniclastic deposits, in a region known for large magnitude (>M7) earthquakes. Although there are only a few historical examples of eruptions involving crater lakes in Alaska, these provide noteworthy examples of the role of external water in cooling pyroclastic deposits, acidic crater-lake drainage, and water-related hazards such as lahars and base surge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2021.751216","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., 2021, Selected crater and small caldera lakes in Alaska: Characteristics and hazards: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 9, 751216, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.751216.","productDescription":"751216, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132664","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.751216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.4292614840023,\n 61.7867815706897\n ],\n [\n -179,\n 61.7867815706897\n ],\n [\n -179,\n 49.606118935666444\n ],\n [\n -144.99994877731635,\n 56.83072738947416\n ],\n [\n -142.4292614840023,\n 61.7867815706897\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236368,"text":"70236368 - 2021 - Metal accumulation in Lake Michigan prey fish: Influence of ontogeny, trophic position, and habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:50:58.994088","indexId":"70236368","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-01T09:01:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal accumulation in Lake Michigan prey fish: Influence of ontogeny, trophic position, and habitat","docAbstract":"Developing an understanding of factors that influence the accumulation and magnification of heavy metals in fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes is central to managing ecosystem and human health. We measured muscle tissue concentrations of heavy metals in Lake Michigan prey fish that vary in habitat use, diet, and trophic position, including alewife, bloater, deepwater sculpin, round goby, rainbow smelt, and slimy sculpin. For each individual, we measured tissue concentrations of four metals (chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], manganese [Mn], and total mercury [THg]), stable isotope ratios for trophic position (δ15N and δ13C), and individual fish attributes (length, mass). Total mercury concentration was positively related to total length and δ15N. Of all species, round goby displayed one of the greatest increases in mercury per unit growth and was most isotopically distinct from other species. Profundal species (bloater, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin) had similar high THg tissue concentrations, possibly due to slower growth due to cold temperatures, whereas other species (alewife, round goby, rainbow smelt) showed more variation in THg. In contrast, other metals (Cr, Cu, Mn) had either a negative or no relationship to total length and δ15N, suggesting no bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Potential incorporation of mercury by sportfish may thus be related to species, age, diet, trophic position, and habitat of prey fish. Our findings serve as a foundation for understanding how heavy metals accumulate in Lake Michigan food webs and highlight the continued need for management of metal input and cycling in Lake Michigan.
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