Aerobic biodegradation and volatilization near the water table constitute a coupled pathway that contributes significantly to the natural attenuation of hydrocarbons at gasoline spill sites. Rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation and volatilization were quantified by analyzing vapor transport in the unsaturated zone at a gasoline spill site in Beaufort, South Carolina. Aerobic biodgradation rates decreased with distance above the water table, ranging from 0.20 to 1.5 g m−3 d−1 for toluene, from 0.24 to 0.38 g m−3 d−1for xylene, from 0.09 to 0.24 g m−3 d−1 for cyclohexene, from 0.05 to 0.22 g m−3 d−1 for ethylbenzene, and from 0.02 to 0.08 g m−3 d−1 for benzene. Rates were highest in the capillary zone, where 68% of the total hydrocarbon mass that volatilized from the water table was estimated to have been biodegraded. Hydrocarbons were nearly completely degraded within 1m above the water table. This large loss underscores the importance of aerobic biodradation in limiting the transport of hydrocarbon vapors in the unsaturated zone and implies that vapor‐plume migration to basements and other points of contact may only be significant if a source of free product is present. Furthermore, because transport of the hydrocarbon in the unsaturated zone can be limited relative to that of oxygen and carbon dioxide, soil‐gas surveys conducted at hydrocarbon‐spill sites would benefit by the inclusion of oxygen‐ and carbon‐dioxide‐gas concentration measurements. Aerobic degradation kinetics in the unsaturated zone were approximately first‐order. First‐order rate constants near the water table were highest for cyclohexene (0.21–0.65 d−1) and nearly equivalent for ethylbenzene (0.11–0.31 d−1), xylenes (0.10–0.31 d−1), toluene (0.09–0.30 d−1), and benzene (0.07–0.31 d−1). Hydrocarbon mass loss rates at the water table resulting from the coupled aerobic biodgradation and volatilization process were determined by extrapolating gas transport rates through the capillary zone. Mass loss rates from groundwater were highest for toluene (0.20–0.84 g m−2 d−1), followed by xylenes (0.12–0.69 g m−2 d−1), cyclohexene (0.05–0.15 g m−2 d−1), ethylbenzene (0.02–0.12 g m−2 d−1), and benzene (0.01–0.04 g m−2 d−1). These rates exceed predicted rates of solubilization to groundwater, demonstrating the effectiveness of aerobic biodgradation and volatilization as a combined natural attenuation pathway.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900087","usgsCitation":"Lahvis, M.A., Baehr, A.L., and Baker, R.J., 1999, Quantification of aerobic biodegradation and volatilization rates of gasoline hydrocarbons near the water table under natural attenuation conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 3, p. 753-765, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900087.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"765","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998wr900087","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91a8e4b0c8380cd803a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lahvis, Matthew A.","contributorId":104522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahvis","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171420,"text":"70171420 - 1999 - Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T09:16:43","indexId":"70171420","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1866,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform","docAbstract":"Water samples collected for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are often preserved with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to inhibit the biotransformation of the analytes of interest until the chemical analyses can he performed. However, it is theoretically possible that residual free chlorine in the HCl can react with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to form chloroform via the haloform reaction. Analyses of 1501 ground water samples preserved with HCl from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program indicate that chloroform was the most commonly detected VOC among 60 VOCs monitored. The DOC concentrations were not significantly larger in samples with detectable chloroform than in those with no delectable chloroform, nor was there any correlation between the concentrations of chloroform and DOC. Furthermore, chloroform was detected more frequently in shallow ground water in urban areas (28.5% of the wells sampled) than in agricultural areas (1.6% of the wells sampled), which indicates that its detection was more related to urban land-use activities than to sample acidification. These data provide strong evidence that acidification with HCl does not lead to the production of significant amounts of chloroform in ground water samples. To verify these results, an acidification study was designed to measure the concentrations of all trihalomethanes (THMs) that can form as a result of HCl preservation in ground water samples and to determine if ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) could inhibit this reaction if it did occur. This study showed that no THMs were formed as a result of HCl acidification, and that ascorbic acid had no discernible effect on the concentrations of THMs measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Pub. Co.","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00187.x","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Pankow, J.F., Barbash, J.E., Price, C.V., and Zogorski, J.S., 1999, Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 19, no. 1, p. 67-74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00187.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dbe4b0ee97d51a83f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squillace, Paul J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pankow, James F.","contributorId":72253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021898,"text":"70021898 - 1999 - Pb-isotopic systematics of lunar highland rocks (>3.9 Ga): Constraints on early lunar evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T16:46:19.68798","indexId":"70021898","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb-isotopic systematics of lunar highland rocks (>3.9 Ga): Constraints on early lunar evolution","docAbstract":"The present lead (Pb)-isotopic database of over 200 analyses from nearly 90 samples of non-mare basalt, lunar highland rocks (>3.9 Ga) delineate at least three isotopically distinct signatures that in some combination can be interpreted to characterize the systematics of the entire database. Two are fairly new sets of lunar data and are typical of Pb data from other solar-system objects, describing nearly linear arrays slightly above the “geochron” values, with 207Pb/206Pb values <0.9. In aggregate, those data allow a relatively new interpretation of the Pb-isotopic evolution of the Moon, helping to identify and characterize a planetary evolutionary stage not preserved by Earth rocks.
From the Pb-isotopic compositions, a source 238U/204Pb (μ) value can be calculated; differences in μ values from one Pb signature to another can have important implications on the age and evolution of Moon-forming events. In particular, the U/Pb ratio is one method of measuring the fractionation between refractory and volatile elements, an important indicator when considering large-scale planetary differentiation stages.
The oldest Pb signature is represented solely by ferroan anorthosite 60025, presumably a piece of the early plagioclase-rich lunar crust produced from a magma ocean, and is characterized by source μ values between 35 and 100 at ~4.43 Ga. Another prominent and uniquely lunar Pb signature, identified more than 20 years ago, is representative of many ferroan anorthosites and most high-Mg suite rocks (particularly 15415, 62237, 76535, and 78235), and is characterized by extremely high 207Pb/206Pb values (∼1.45) that require extremely high source μ values (>500). Although the age and origin of this exotic Pb is not well constrained, it is interpreted to be related to the entrapment of incompatible-element-rich (U, Th) melts within the lunar upper mantle and crust between 4.36 and 4.46 Ga (urKREEP residuum?). The latest discovered Pb signature is found only in lunar meteorites and is characterized by relatively low source μ values between 10 and 50 at 3.9 Ga.
The fact that most lunar crustal rocks (>3.9 Ga) exhibit high 207Pb/206Pb values requires that they were derived from, mixed with, or contaminated by Pb produced from early-formed, high-μ sources. The ubiquity of these U-Pb characteristics in the sample collection is probably an artifact of Apollo and Luna sampling sites, all located on the near side of the Moon, which was deeply excavated during the basin-forming event(s). However, the newest Pb-isotopic data support the idea that the Moon originally had a μ value of ~8 to 35, slightly elevated from Earth values, and that progressive U-Pb fractionations occurred within the Moon during later stages of differentiation between 4.36 and 4.46 Ga.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206819909465134","usgsCitation":"Premo, W.R., Tatsumoto, M., Misawa, K., Nakamuka, N., and Kita, N.I., 1999, Pb-isotopic systematics of lunar highland rocks (>3.9 Ga): Constraints on early lunar evolution: International Geology Review, v. 41, no. 2, p. 95-128, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819909465134.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"the Moon","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7601e4b0c8380cd77e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Misawa, Keiji","contributorId":105459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misawa","given":"Keiji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nakamuka, N.","contributorId":102221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakamuka","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kita, N. I.","contributorId":51485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kita","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021905,"text":"70021905 - 1999 - Estimated solar wind-implanted helium-3 distribution on the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T12:22:44.055088","indexId":"70021905","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated solar wind-implanted helium-3 distribution on the Moon","docAbstract":"Among the solar wind-implanted volatiles present in the lunar regolith, ³He is possibly the most valuable resource because of its potential as a fusion fuel. The abundance of ³He in the lunar regolith at a given location depends on surface maturity, the amount of solar wind fluence, and titanium content, because ilmenite (FeTiO3) retains helium much better than other major lunar minerals. Surface maturity and TiO2 maps from Clementine multispectral data sets are combined here with a solar wind fluence model to produce a ³He abundance map of the Moon. Comparison of the predicted ³He values to landing site observations shows good correlation. The highest ³He abundances occur in the farside maria (due to greater solar wind fluence received) and in higher TiO2 nearside mare regions.
The oxidation of ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) was investigated in an alkaline saline lake, Mono Lake, California (U.S.A.). Ammonia oxidation was examined in April and July 1995 by comparing dark 14CO2 fixation rates in the presence or absence of methyl fluoride (MeF), an inhibitor of NH3 oxidation. Ammonia oxidizer‐mediated dark 14CO2fixation rates were similar in surface (5–7 m) and oxycline (11–15 m) waters, ranging between 70–340 and 89–186 nM d−1, respectively, or 1–7% of primary production by phytoplankton. Ammonia oxidation rates ranged between 580–2,830 nM d−1 in surface waters and 732–1,548 nM d−1 in oxycline waters. Methane oxidation was examined using a 14 CH4 tracer technique in July 1994, April 1995, and July 1995. Methane oxidation rates were consistently higher in July, and rates in oxycline and anaerobic bottom waters (0.5–37 and 7–48 nM d−1, respectively) were 10‐fold higher than those in aerobic surface waters (0.04–3.8 nM d−1). The majority of CH4 oxidation, in terms of integrated activity, occurred within anoxic bottom waters. Water column oxidation reduced the potential lake‐atmosphere CH4 flux by a factor of two to three. Measured oxidation rates and water column concentrations were used to estimate the biological turnover times of NH3and CH4. The NH3 pool turns over rapidly, on time scales of 0.8 d in surface waters and 10 d within the oxycline, while CH4 is cycled on 103‐d time scales in surface waters and 10−2 time scales within oxycline and bottom waters. Our data suggest an important role for NH3 oxidation in alkaline, saline lakes since the process converts volatile NH3 to soluble NO2−, thereby reducing loss via lake‐atmosphere exchange and maintaining nitrogen in a form that is readily available to phyto‐plankton.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1999.44.1.0178","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Joye, S., Connell, T., Miller, L., Oremland, R., and Jellison, R., 1999, Oxidation of ammonia and methane in an alkaline, saline lake: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 1, p. 178-188, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.1.0178.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.1.0178","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7262e4b0c8380cd76a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joye, S.B.","contributorId":97266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connell, T.L.","contributorId":96024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jellison, R.S.","contributorId":62776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jellison","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020978,"text":"70020978 - 1999 - Phytoremediation of trichloroethene (TCE) using cottonwood trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T20:35:30","indexId":"70020978","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Phytoremediation of trichloroethene (TCE) using cottonwood trees","docAbstract":"Phytoremediation uses the natural ability of plants to degrade contaminants in ground water. A field demonstration designed to remediate aerobic shallow ground water that contains trichloroethene began in April 1996 with the planting of cottonwood trees over an approximately 0.2-hectare area at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Tx. Ground water was sampled in July 1997, November 1997, February 1998, and June 1998. Analyses from samples indicate that tree roots have the potential to create anaerobic conditions in the ground water that will facilitate degradation of trichloroethene by microbially mediated reductive dichlorination. Dissolved oxygen concentrations, which varied across the site, were smallest near a mature cottonwood tree (about-20 years old) 60 meters southwest of the cottonwood plantings. Reduction of dissolved oxygen is the primary microbially mediated reaction occurring in the ground water beneath the planted trees, whereas near the mature cottonwood tree, data indicate that methanogenesis is the most probable reaction occurring. Reductive dichlorination either is not occurring or is not a primary process away from the mature tree. On the basis of isotopic analyses of carbon-13 at locations away from the mature tree, trichloroethene concentration is controlled by volatilization.
Phytoremediation uses the natural ability of plants to degrade contaminants in ground water. A field demonstration designed to remediate aerobic shallow ground water that contains trichloroethene began in April 1996 with the planting of cottonwood trees over an approximately 0.2-hectare area at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Tx. Ground water was sampled in July 1997, November 1997, February 1998, and June 1998. Analyses from samples indicate that tree roots have the potential to create anaerobic conditions in the ground water that will facilitate degradation of trichloroethene by microbially mediated reductive dichlorination. Dissolved oxygen concentrations, which varied across the site, were smallest near a mature cottonwood tree (about-20 years old) 60 meters southwest of the cottonwood plantings. Reduction of dissolved oxygen is the primary microbially mediated reaction occurring in the ground water beneath the planted trees, whereas near the mature cottonwood tree, data indicate that methanogenesis is the most probable reaction occurring. Reductive dichlorination either is not occurring or is not a primary process away from the mature tree. On the basis of isotopic analyses of carbon-13 at locations away from the mature tree, trichloroethene concentration is controlled by volatilization.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Phytoremediation and innovative strategies for specialized remedial applications: Volume 5(6) of Proceedings from the Battelle Memorial Institute international in situ and on-site bioreclamation symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 19-22, 1999","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Press","publisherLocation":"Colombus, OH","isbn":"1-57477-079-9","usgsCitation":"Jones, S., Lee, R.W., and Kuniansky, E., 1999, Phytoremediation of trichloroethene (TCE) using cottonwood trees, in Phytoremediation and innovative strategies for specialized remedial applications: Volume 5(6) of Proceedings from the Battelle Memorial Institute international in situ and on-site bioreclamation symposium, v. 5(6), San Diego, CA, April 19-22, 1999, p. 101-108.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"108","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5(6)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b3de4b0c8380cd7932c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Leeson, Andrea","contributorId":112484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeson","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536468,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alleman, Bruce C.","contributorId":113025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alleman","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703812,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Jones, S.A.","contributorId":38596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuniansky, E. L.","contributorId":82342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073647,"text":"70073647 - 1999 - Geochemistry and hydromechanical interactions of fluids associated with the San Andreas fault system, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-10T14:27:35","indexId":"70073647","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemistry and hydromechanical interactions of fluids associated with the San Andreas fault system, California","docAbstract":"18O values establish that waters are predominantly of meteoric origin. The chemical compositions of water and gases are controlled mainly by the ambient rock types, and chemical geothermometry gives reservoir temperatures of 80-150 degrees C indicating shallow to moderate circulation depths of up to 6 km. However, compositions and isotope abundances of noble gases and delta 13C values of HCO3 indicate a significant (up to 50%) mantle component for the volatiles. The relatively high fluxes of CO2 (C/ 3He nearly equal 10 10) and other volatiles of mantle origin support a deep continuous flow model, especially at depths >6 km. Numerical simulations indicate that these high fluxes of CO2 of mantle and deep crustal origin are sufficient to generate lithostatic fluid pressures, and thus a weakened fault, in time scales comparable to those of earthquake cycles.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Faults and subsurface fluid flow in the shallow crust","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/GM113p0129","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Evans, W.C., and Kennedy, B.M., 1999, Geochemistry and hydromechanical interactions of fluids associated with the San Andreas fault system, California, chap. of Faults and subsurface fluid flow in the shallow crust, p. 129-148, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM113p0129.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5af9e4b0b290850f9b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, B. Mack","contributorId":82758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021217,"text":"70021217 - 1999 - Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:37:55","indexId":"70021217","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction","docAbstract":"Selenium stable isotope ratio measurements should serve as indicators of sources and biogeochemical transformations of Se. We report measurements of Se isotope fractionation during selenate reduction, selenite sorption, oxidation of reduced Se in soils, and Se volatilization by algae and soil samples. These results, combined with previous work with Se isotopes, indicate that reduction of soluble oxyanions is the dominant cause of Se isotope fractionation. Accordingly, Se isotope ratios should be useful as indicators of oxyanion reduction, which can transform mobile species to forms that are less mobile and less bioavailable. Additional investigations of Se isotope fractionation are needed to confirm this preliminary assessment.
We have developed a new method for measurement of natural Se isotope ratio variation which requires less than 500 ng Se per analysis and yields ±0.2‰ precision on 80Se/76Se. A double isotope spike technique corrects for isotopic fractionation during sample preparation and mass spectrometry. The small minimum sample size is important, as Se concentrations are often below 1 ppm in solids and 1 μg/L in fluids. The Se purification process is rapid and compatible with various sample matrices, including acidic rock or sediment digests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., Herbel, M., Bullen, T., and Zawislanski, P., 1999, Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 18, p. 2775-2783, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2775","endPage":"2783","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3"}],"volume":"63","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf9e4b08c986b3181f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zawislanski, P.T.","contributorId":86134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawislanski","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6774,"text":"fs13098 - 1999 - Shallow ground-water quality in the Coastal Plain of Columbia, South Carolina, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T11:24:24","indexId":"fs13098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"130-98","title":"Shallow ground-water quality in the Coastal Plain of Columbia, South Carolina, 1996","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) oversaw the installation of 30 shallow monitoring wells in the Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan area. The ground water sampled from these wells was used to study the recent effects of human activities on shallow ground water in an urban setting. Well locations were selected in residential and commercial areas constructed between 1960 and 1990 while all industrial and agricultural areas were avoided. Samples were collected and analyzed for major ions, nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) dunng 1996. This report describes the results of this investigation of shallow ground-water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13098","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Reuber, E.J., 1999, Shallow ground-water quality in the Coastal Plain of Columbia, South Carolina, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 130-98, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13098.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13226,"rank":101,"type":{"id":21,"text":"Referenced Work"},"url":"https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/sc/nawqa/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":34133,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0130/fs19980130.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11,5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 1998-130"},{"id":117296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0130/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 31.99875937194732\n ],\n [\n -80.3265380859375,\n 32.48196313217176\n ],\n [\n -79.95574951171875,\n 32.62549671451373\n ],\n [\n -79.8431396484375,\n 32.7503226078097\n ],\n [\n -79.57122802734375,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -79.54925537109375,\n 33.01096671579776\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -79.38446044921875,\n 33.075432481213326\n ],\n [\n -79.156494140625,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -80.123291015625,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 34.1890858311724\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 34.829586636768205\n ],\n [\n -80.0079345703125,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -79.9749755859375,\n 34.99625375979014\n ],\n [\n -80.10406494140625,\n 35.20298910562885\n ],\n [\n -80.0738525390625,\n 35.31960740586162\n ],\n [\n -80.101318359375,\n 35.380092992092145\n ],\n [\n -80.562744140625,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -81.683349609375,\n 36.11125252076156\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 35.505400093441324\n ],\n [\n -82.276611328125,\n 35.48751102385376\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 35.003003395276714\n ],\n [\n -83.14727783203125,\n 34.97375095431686\n ],\n [\n -83.26812744140625,\n 34.863397850419524\n ],\n [\n -83.36975097656249,\n 34.773203753940734\n ],\n [\n -83.37799072265624,\n 34.712266941280404\n ],\n [\n -83.33404541015625,\n 34.66709959253004\n ],\n [\n -83.2049560546875,\n 34.59930237746263\n ],\n [\n -83.155517578125,\n 34.56312121279482\n ],\n [\n -83.05938720703125,\n 34.48165602990584\n ],\n [\n -82.97149658203125,\n 34.474863669009004\n ],\n [\n -82.88909912109375,\n 34.45448326886294\n ],\n [\n -82.81219482421875,\n 34.338900400404995\n ],\n [\n -82.77374267578125,\n 34.268566186749894\n ],\n [\n -82.7215576171875,\n 34.134541681937364\n ],\n [\n -82.6556396484375,\n 34.02990029603907\n ],\n [\n -82.474365234375,\n 33.85673152928873\n ],\n [\n -82.28759765625,\n 33.76544869849223\n ],\n [\n -82.2271728515625,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -82.1502685546875,\n 33.58259116393916\n ],\n [\n -82.056884765625,\n 33.53223722395908\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 33.41310221370827\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 33.367237465838315\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 33.22030778968541\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 33.14675022877648\n ],\n [\n -81.529541015625,\n 33.02248191961359\n ],\n [\n -81.5350341796875,\n 32.95797741405952\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 32.87036022808352\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 32.71797709835758\n ],\n [\n -81.4471435546875,\n 32.648625783736726\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 32.59310597426537\n ],\n [\n -81.3262939453125,\n 32.55607364492026\n ],\n [\n -81.2274169921875,\n 32.47732919639942\n ],\n [\n -81.1614990234375,\n 32.319633552035214\n ],\n [\n -81.1395263671875,\n 32.23603621746476\n ],\n [\n -81.0296630859375,\n 32.08257455954592\n ],\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 31.99875937194732\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation and the city of Columbia, Missouri, collected hydrologic data from September 1993 through October 1996 as part of a hydrologic characterization of the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex. The wetland complex was constructed in the Missouri River alluvial plain adjacent to the Columbia municipal supply wells. Part of the wetland complex was designed to treat sewage effluent from Columbia, with the treated effluent being used as the primary water source for wetland management practices on the Eagle Bluffs Wildlife Area. This report presents hydrologic data and the procedures used to collect the data, which include water-quality analyses of samples collected quarterly from 28 wells and 2 surface-water sites. Four additional wells were incorporated into the monitoring network in November 1994 and also were sampled quarterly. Data from these 4 wells also are included.
Water samples were analyzed for specific conductance, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, bacteria, alkalinity, major cations and anions, nutrients, trace elements, and total and dissolved organic carbon. Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations were equal to or less than 5.2 milligrams per liter for all ground-water samples and were equal to or less than 2.7 milligrams per liter in surface-water samples. Dissolved phosphorous concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 2.2 milligrams per liter in the ground-water samples, and from less than 0.01 to 0.19 milli-grams per liter in the surface-water samples. Fecal coliform bacteria counts ranged from less than 1 to 39 colonies per 100 milliliters for ground-water samples, and from 1 to greater than 6,000 colonies per 100 milliliters for surface-water samples. Fecal streptococcus bacteria counts ranged from less than 1 to 92 colonies per 100 milliliters for ground-water samples, and from 2 to greater than 10,000 colonies per 100 milliliters for surface-water samples. Samples for well USGS-6 had dissolved arsenic concentrations that exceeded 50 micrograms per liter. Dissolved manganese concentrations exceeded 50 micrograms per liter at least once for each site except for USGS-9S. Dissolved iron concentrations exceeded 300 micro-grams per liter at least once for 28 of 34 sites.
Samples from 8 of the 32 wells and both surface-water sites were analyzed for base/neutral/ acid semi-volatile organic compounds, selected pesticides, selected organochlorine compounds, and purgeable volatile organic compounds. All but one of the organic compounds detected in the samples collected from the monitoring wells or surface-water sites were pesticides. Atrazine was detected consistently at both surface-water sites. Other frequently detected pesticides include metolachlor, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, prometon, and simazine.
Following the 1993 Missouri River flood samples of residual flood water and flood-deposited sediments were collected from the Columbia/ Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex. A brief description of the flooding and damage to the study area is presented. Methods of collection of the four residual flood water and the four flood-deposited sediment samples, as well as the analytical results of these samples, are included in this report. Data from two continuous water-level recorders and from quarterly water-level measurements in wells also are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99607","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation and the City of Columbia","usgsCitation":"Richards, J.M., 1999, Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri-1993-96: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-607, iii, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99607.","productDescription":"iii, 91 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0607/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0607/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.4667,\n 38.8194\n ],\n [\n -92.3844,\n 38.8194\n ],\n [\n -92.3844,\n 38.9056\n ],\n [\n -92.4667,\n 38.9056\n ],\n [\n -92.4667,\n 38.8194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29667,"text":"wri974170 - 1999 - Ground-water flow, solute transport, and simulation of remedial alternatives for the water-table aquifer in Vega Alta, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T18:33:11.043545","indexId":"wri974170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4170","title":"Ground-water flow, solute transport, and simulation of remedial alternatives for the water-table aquifer in Vega Alta, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The water-table aquifer in Vega Alta, Puerto Rico, has been contaminated with volatile organic compounds. A three-dimensional ground-waterflow and solute-transport model was developed and calibrated to evaluate the effects of remedial alternatives designed to reduce the magnitude and extent of a trichloroethylene plume in the water-table aquifer. The development of the model was based on the computer code HST3D, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Heads measured from February 1983 to April 1992 were used to calibrate the ground-water-flow component of the model. Trichioroethylene concentrations measured in ground-water samples in January 1990 and March 1992 were used to calibrate the solute-transport component of the model, which consisted in the calibration of the longitudinal and transverse dispersivities, the distribution coefficient, and the solute influx at the source of trichloroethylene. Model input values assigned to specific storage, dispersivity, net recharge rates, effective porosity, riverbed conductivity, horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities, initial heads and trichloroethylene concentrations, and the locations of specified-head, river-leakage, and no-flow boundaries are described in this report. The root mean square error of simulated water-table heads from the ground-water-flow component of the calibrated model was 0.81 foot. The root mean square error of the simulated trichloroethylene concentrations, from the solute-transport component of the calibrated model, was 29 micrograms per liter of trichloroethylene.
The four remedial alternatives simulated in this report were the revised Record of Decision, and alternatives A, B, and C. Remedial alternatives were simulated to study the movement of the trichloroethylene plume in the aquifer from March 1992 to March 2022, while wells located within the extent of the trichloroethylene plume pumped water at specified rates and depths at the prevailing trichloroethylene concentrations. The trichloroethylene mass in the Vega Alta water-table aquifer was estimated to be 12,984 and 12,814 pounds in January 1990 and March 1992, respectively. The solute influx to the aquifer was estimated to be 22 pounds per year under long-term net recharge rates. The trichloroethylene mass remaining in the aquifer was estimated to be 5,720 pounds in March 2022 after simulating the revised Record of Decision remedial alternative. The trichloroethylene mass remaining in the aquifer was estimated to be 5,194, 4,786, and 3,689 pounds in March 2022 after simulating remedial alternatives A, B, and C, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., 1999, Ground-water flow, solute transport, and simulation of remedial alternatives for the water-table aquifer in Vega Alta, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4170, vi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974170.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":466023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22606.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":412316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Vega Alta, Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-65.3277,18.295843],[-65.337451,18.308308],[-65.327318,18.323666],[-65.342068,18.34529],[-65.335701,18.349535],[-65.329334,18.341955],[-65.321754,18.338316],[-65.309833,18.337973],[-65.304409,18.332054],[-65.298328,18.330529],[-65.255933,18.342117],[-65.221568,18.320959],[-65.222853,18.310464],[-65.249857,18.296691],[-65.260282,18.290823],[-65.283269,18.280214],[-65.3277,18.295843]]],[[[-67.89174,18.11397],[-67.887099,18.112574],[-67.87643,18.114157],[-67.869804,18.118851],[-67.861548,18.122144],[-67.848245,18.10832],[-67.843202,18.094858],[-67.843615,18.085099],[-67.845293,18.081938],[-67.853098,18.078195],[-67.865598,18.06544],[-67.871462,18.0578],[-67.895921,18.052342],[-67.904431,18.05913],[-67.918778,18.063116],[-67.927841,18.068572],[-67.940799,18.079716],[-67.934479,18.111306],[-67.932185,18.113221],[-67.91088,18.119668],[-67.89174,18.11397]]],[[[-65.308717,18.145172],[-65.302295,18.141089],[-65.294896,18.14283],[-65.287962,18.148097],[-65.275165,18.13443],[-65.276214,18.131936],[-65.283248,18.132999],[-65.296036,18.12799],[-65.322794,18.126589],[-65.327184,18.124106],[-65.338506,18.112439],[-65.342037,18.11138],[-65.350493,18.111914],[-65.364733,18.120377],[-65.397837,18.110873],[-65.399791,18.108832],[-65.411767,18.106211],[-65.423765,18.097764],[-65.426311,18.093749],[-65.45138,18.086096],[-65.45681,18.087778],[-65.465849,18.087715],[-65.468768,18.092643],[-65.47979,18.096352],[-65.507265,18.091646],[-65.524209,18.081977],[-65.542087,18.081177],[-65.558646,18.08566],[-65.569305,18.091616],[-65.570628,18.097325],[-65.57686,18.103224],[-65.575579,18.115669],[-65.546199,18.119329],[-65.511712,18.13284],[-65.489829,18.135912],[-65.46791,18.143767],[-65.437058,18.15766],[-65.399517,18.161935],[-65.371373,18.157517],[-65.334289,18.147761],[-65.313476,18.144296],[-65.308717,18.145172]]],[[[-66.438813,18.485713],[-66.420921,18.488639],[-66.410344,18.489886],[-66.394287,18.489748],[-66.377286,18.488044],[-66.37282,18.487726],[-66.349647,18.486335],[-66.337728,18.48562],[-66.315477,18.474724],[-66.31503,18.47468],[-66.291225,18.472347],[-66.283675,18.472203],[-66.276599,18.478129],[-66.269799,18.480281],[-66.258015,18.476906],[-66.251547,18.472464],[-66.241797,18.46874],[-66.220148,18.466],[-66.199032,18.466163],[-66.192664,18.466212],[-66.183886,18.460506],[-66.179218,18.455305],[-66.172315,18.451462],[-66.159796,18.451706],[-66.153037,18.454457],[-66.14395,18.459761],[-66.139572,18.462317],[-66.139451,18.462387],[-66.139443,18.462315],[-66.138532,18.453305],[-66.133085,18.445881],[-66.127938,18.444632],[-66.125198,18.451209],[-66.124284,18.456324],[-66.123188,18.45943],[-66.123343,18.460363],[-66.125015,18.470435],[-66.118338,18.469581],[-66.092098,18.466535],[-66.083254,18.462022],[-66.073987,18.4581],[-66.043272,18.453655],[-66.03944,18.454441],[-66.036559,18.450216],[-66.036491,18.450117],[-66.023221,18.443875],[-66.006523,18.444347],[-65.99718,18.449895],[-65.992935,18.457489],[-65.992793,18.458102],[-65.992349,18.460024],[-65.99079,18.460419],[-65.958492,18.451354],[-65.92567,18.444881],[-65.916843,18.444619],[-65.907756,18.446893],[-65.904988,18.450926],[-65.878683,18.438322],[-65.838825,18.431865],[-65.831476,18.426849],[-65.828457,18.423543],[-65.816691,18.410663],[-65.794556,18.402845],[-65.787666,18.402544],[-65.774937,18.413951],[-65.77053,18.41294],[-65.769749,18.409473],[-65.771695,18.406277],[-65.750455,18.385208],[-65.750179,18.38505],[-65.742154,18.380459],[-65.733567,18.382211],[-65.699069,18.368156],[-65.669636,18.362102],[-65.668845,18.361939],[-65.634431,18.369835],[-65.627246,18.376436],[-65.626527,18.381728],[-65.624975,18.386553],[-65.622761,18.387771],[-65.618229,18.386496],[-65.614891,18.382473],[-65.619068,18.367755],[-65.628198,18.353711],[-65.63419,18.338965],[-65.628047,18.328252],[-65.626456,18.298982],[-65.634389,18.292349],[-65.635826,18.288271],[-65.634893,18.283923],[-65.630833,18.264989],[-65.623111,18.248012],[-65.597618,18.234289],[-65.589947,18.228225],[-65.593795,18.224059],[-65.615981,18.227389],[-65.626731,18.235484],[-65.638181,18.229121],[-65.637565,18.224444],[-65.628414,18.205149],[-65.635281,18.199975],[-65.639688,18.205656],[-65.662185,18.207018],[-65.664127,18.207136],[-65.690749,18.19499],[-65.694515,18.187011],[-65.691021,18.178998],[-65.695856,18.179324],[-65.710895,18.186963],[-65.712533,18.189146],[-65.717999,18.190176],[-65.728471,18.185588],[-65.734664,18.180368],[-65.738834,18.174066],[-65.739125,18.173453],[-65.743632,18.163957],[-65.758728,18.156601],[-65.766919,18.148424],[-65.777584,18.129239],[-65.796711,18.083746],[-65.796289,18.079835],[-65.794686,18.078607],[-65.795028,18.073561],[-65.796711,18.069842],[-65.801831,18.058527],[-65.809174,18.056818],[-65.817107,18.063378],[-65.825848,18.057482],[-65.83109,18.050664],[-65.834274,18.038988],[-65.832429,18.014916],[-65.839591,18.015077],[-65.850913,18.011954],[-65.870335,18.006597],[-65.875122,18.002826],[-65.884937,17.988521],[-65.896102,17.99026],[-65.905319,17.983974],[-65.910537,17.981855],[-65.924738,17.976087],[-65.976611,17.967669],[-65.98455,17.969411],[-65.985358,17.971854],[-65.995185,17.978989],[-66.007731,17.980541],[-66.017308,17.979583],[-66.019539,17.978354],[-66.024,17.975896],[-66.046585,17.954853],[-66.049033,17.954561],[-66.058217,17.959238],[-66.068678,17.966335],[-66.069979,17.966357],[-66.08141,17.966552],[-66.116194,17.949141],[-66.127009,17.946953],[-66.140661,17.94102],[-66.147912,17.933963],[-66.155387,17.929406],[-66.159742,17.928613],[-66.161232,17.931747],[-66.175626,17.933565],[-66.186914,17.935363],[-66.189726,17.933936],[-66.200174,17.929515],[-66.206961,17.932268],[-66.213374,17.944614],[-66.202655,17.944753],[-66.185554,17.940997],[-66.179548,17.943727],[-66.174839,17.948214],[-66.176814,17.950438],[-66.206207,17.96305],[-66.206807,17.963307],[-66.215355,17.959376],[-66.218081,17.95729],[-66.231519,17.943912],[-66.229181,17.934651],[-66.232013,17.931154],[-66.252737,17.934574],[-66.260684,17.936083],[-66.270905,17.947098],[-66.275651,17.94826],[-66.290782,17.946491],[-66.297679,17.959148],[-66.31695,17.976683],[-66.323659,17.978536],[-66.338152,17.976492],[-66.33839,17.976458],[-66.362511,17.968231],[-66.365098,17.964832],[-66.368777,17.957717],[-66.371591,17.951469],[-66.385059,17.939004],[-66.391227,17.945819],[-66.398945,17.950925],[-66.412131,17.957286],[-66.445481,17.979379],[-66.450368,17.983226],[-66.454888,17.986784],[-66.461342,17.990273],[-66.491396,17.990262],[-66.510143,17.985618],[-66.540537,17.975476],[-66.583233,17.961229],[-66.589658,17.969386],[-66.594392,17.970682],[-66.605035,17.969015],[-66.623788,17.98105],[-66.631944,17.982746],[-66.645651,17.98026],[-66.657797,17.974605],[-66.664391,17.968259],[-66.672819,17.966451],[-66.699115,17.977568],[-66.709856,17.982109],[-66.713394,17.987763],[-66.716957,17.990344],[-66.731118,17.991658],[-66.746248,17.990349],[-66.750427,17.995443],[-66.753964,17.99959],[-66.755341,18.001203],[-66.764491,18.006317],[-66.770307,18.005955],[-66.799656,17.99245],[-66.806866,17.983786],[-66.807924,17.979606],[-66.806903,17.976046],[-66.805683,17.975052],[-66.795106,17.977438],[-66.789302,17.980793],[-66.784953,17.978326],[-66.787245,17.972914],[-66.80827,17.965635],[-66.8224,17.954499],[-66.838584,17.949931],[-66.852288,17.955004],[-66.856474,17.956553],[-66.859471,17.954316],[-66.862545,17.952022],[-66.871697,17.952707],[-66.88344,17.952526],[-66.899639,17.948298],[-66.904585,17.950527],[-66.906532,17.955356],[-66.906276,17.963368],[-66.924529,17.972808],[-66.928651,17.970204],[-66.930414,17.963127],[-66.916127,17.959102],[-66.909483,17.952559],[-66.909359,17.94988],[-66.912522,17.947446],[-66.930313,17.943389],[-66.932636,17.939998],[-66.931581,17.9369],[-66.919298,17.932062],[-66.923826,17.926923],[-66.927261,17.926875],[-66.959998,17.940216],[-66.980516,17.951648],[-66.98105,17.952505],[-66.982669,17.9551],[-66.982206,17.961192],[-66.987287,17.970663],[-66.996738,17.972899],[-67.003972,17.970799],[-67.014744,17.968468],[-67.024522,17.970722],[-67.062478,17.973819],[-67.076534,17.967759],[-67.089827,17.951418],[-67.101468,17.946621],[-67.109985,17.945806],[-67.109986,17.945806],[-67.128251,17.948153],[-67.133733,17.951919],[-67.167031,17.963073],[-67.178566,17.964792],[-67.183508,17.962706],[-67.188717,17.950989],[-67.187474,17.946252],[-67.183694,17.937982],[-67.183457,17.931135],[-67.194785,17.932826],[-67.196924,17.935651],[-67.197273,17.937461],[-67.197517,17.941514],[-67.197668,17.943549],[-67.198988,17.94782],[-67.200973,17.949896],[-67.210034,17.953595],[-67.212101,17.956027],[-67.21433,17.962436],[-67.215271,17.983464],[-67.211973,17.992993],[-67.207694,17.998019],[-67.177893,18.008882],[-67.174299,18.011149],[-67.172397,18.014906],[-67.172138,18.021422],[-67.173761,18.024548],[-67.193269,18.03185],[-67.209887,18.035439],[-67.196694,18.066491],[-67.190656,18.064269],[-67.184589,18.06775],[-67.183938,18.069914],[-67.186465,18.074195],[-67.192999,18.076877],[-67.198212,18.076828],[-67.199314,18.091135],[-67.19529,18.096149],[-67.183921,18.103683],[-67.182182,18.108507],[-67.176554,18.151046],[-67.178618,18.159318],[-67.180822,18.168055],[-67.180701,18.168182],[-67.155185,18.195001],[-67.152665,18.203493],[-67.158001,18.216719],[-67.173,18.230666],[-67.175429,18.248008],[-67.187843,18.266671],[-67.187873,18.266874],[-67.189971,18.281015],[-67.196056,18.290443],[-67.209963,18.294974],[-67.225403,18.296648],[-67.226081,18.296722],[-67.235137,18.299935],[-67.267484,18.353149],[-67.27135,18.362329],[-67.268259,18.366989],[-67.260671,18.370197],[-67.23909,18.375318],[-67.226744,18.378247],[-67.216998,18.382078],[-67.202167,18.389908],[-67.160144,18.415587],[-67.159608,18.415915],[-67.156599,18.418983],[-67.155245,18.424401],[-67.156619,18.439562],[-67.161746,18.453462],[-67.169011,18.466352],[-67.169016,18.478488],[-67.164144,18.487396],[-67.14283,18.505485],[-67.138249,18.507776],[-67.125655,18.511706],[-67.103468,18.514523],[-67.093752,18.515757],[-67.07929,18.513256],[-67.020276,18.510603],[-66.988958,18.497724],[-66.95954,18.489878],[-66.957733,18.489129],[-66.957517,18.489171],[-66.944636,18.491693],[-66.906872,18.483556],[-66.90143,18.484552],[-66.867386,18.490785],[-66.849673,18.490745],[-66.83694,18.487659],[-66.836635,18.487701],[-66.79932,18.492775],[-66.780311,18.491411],[-66.764893,18.484097],[-66.749301,18.476701],[-66.742067,18.474681],[-66.733986,18.473457],[-66.710743,18.472611],[-66.683719,18.481367],[-66.679876,18.484944],[-66.664364,18.487809],[-66.645839,18.488777],[-66.624618,18.494199],[-66.586778,18.484948],[-66.584074,18.484287],[-66.565241,18.485523],[-66.562916,18.48845],[-66.563485,18.490512],[-66.558503,18.489987],[-66.53484,18.481253],[-66.533487,18.481663],[-66.529476,18.482877],[-66.511609,18.476848],[-66.470292,18.46907],[-66.456486,18.46892],[-66.449184,18.470991],[-66.441852,18.479751],[-66.439961,18.485525],[-66.438813,18.485713]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Puerto Rico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25680,"text":"wri994027 - 1999 - Nitrate, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides in ground water — A summary of selected studies from New Jersey and Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T20:44:37.411442","indexId":"wri994027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4027","title":"Nitrate, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides in ground water — A summary of selected studies from New Jersey and Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"This report describes the ground-water systems in the unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers of the Coastal Plain of New Jersey and Long Island and in the fractured bedrock and valley-fill aquifers of northern New Jersey; summarizes current knowledge about the occurrence and distribution of nitrate, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pesticides in these systems; and explains why some ground-water systems are more vulnerable to comtamination than others. Although the vulnerability of ground water to contamination from the land surface is influenced by many factors, the degree of aquifer confinement, the depth of the well, and the surrounding land use are key factors. Unconfined aquifers generally are much more vulnerable to contamination than confined aquifers. For a well in a confined aquifer, the farther the well is from the unconfined area, the less vulnerable it is to contamination. Generally, the deeper the well, the less vulnerable it is to contamination. Finally, because human activities greatly affect the quality of water that recharges an aquifer, the amount and type of land use in the area that contributes water to the well is a key factor in determining vulnerability. Nitrate contamination of ground water typically occurs in agricultural and residential areas, especially where the aquifer is very permeable and unconfined and nitrogen-fertilizer use is high. In New Jersey and on Long Island, concentrations of nitrate exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) more often than those of VOCs or pesticides. Nitrate contamination generally is associated with nonpoint sources. VOC contamination of ground water occurs primarily in urban areas, especially in mixed urban and industrial areas where chemicals are used. In general, VOC concentrations are low and do not exceed MCLs. High concentrations of VOCs generally are associated with point sources. Pesticide contamination of ground water occurs in some agricultural and residential areas, where the aquifer is very permeable and unconfined, and where the chemicals are used. Concentrations of pesticides in New Jersey and on Long Island generally are low; in agricultural areas of Long Island, however, some have been found to exceed MCLs. Pesticide contamination generally is associated with nonpoint sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994027","usgsCitation":"Clawges, R.M., Stackelberg, P.E., Ayers, M.A., and Vowinkel, E.F., 1999, Nitrate, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides in ground water — A summary of selected studies from New Jersey and Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4027, vii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994027.","productDescription":"vii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4027.gif"},{"id":91896,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394337,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95551.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5597,\n 38.9267\n ],\n [\n -71.8489,\n 38.9267\n ],\n [\n -71.8489,\n 41.180\n ],\n [\n -75.5597,\n 41.180\n ],\n [\n -75.5597,\n 38.9267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697000","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clawges, Rick M.","contributorId":71583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vowinkel, Eric F.","contributorId":53788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vowinkel","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25678,"text":"wri994071 - 1999 - Natural attenuation potential of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in ground water, TNX flood plain, Savannah River Site, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T10:28:49","indexId":"wri994071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4071","title":"Natural attenuation potential of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in ground water, TNX flood plain, Savannah River Site, South Carolina","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994071","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Niethch, C., Robertson, J., Bradley, P., Coates, J., and Morris, J.T., 1999, Natural attenuation potential of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in ground water, TNX flood plain, Savannah River Site, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4071, vi, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994071.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95549,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4071/report.pdf","size":"4960","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.03079223632812,\n 32.963738661317095\n ],\n [\n -82.03079223632812,\n 33.48758079074844\n ],\n [\n -81.32766723632811,\n 33.48758079074844\n ],\n [\n -81.32766723632811,\n 32.963738661317095\n ],\n [\n -82.03079223632812,\n 32.963738661317095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niethch, C.T.","contributorId":95911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niethch","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, J. F.","contributorId":11194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coates, John","contributorId":94696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morris, J. T.","contributorId":70422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":6901,"text":"fs10600 - 1999 - Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T09:51:07","indexId":"fs10600","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"106-00","title":"Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1999","docAbstract":"Residential and commercial development of about 80 square miles that primarily replaced undeveloped and agricultural areas occurred in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from 1963 to 1994. The effects of human activities on the quality of shallow ground water in the recently developed areas were studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The land-use study consisted of 30 monitoring wells installed and sampled in 1999 in residential/commercial areas where shallow ground water has the potential to move to a deeper public- supply aquifer. The water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trace elements, and radon. The occurrence of nitrate, pesticides, and VOCs in water sampled from these wells can serve as an indicator of water affected by human activities at land surface. This report describes the nitrate, pesticide, and VOC data collected during the study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs10600","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 1999, Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 106-00, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10600.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":140110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34202,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.98089599609375,\n 40.516409213865586\n ],\n [\n -111.98089599609375,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -111.77078247070312,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -111.77078247070312,\n 40.516409213865586\n ],\n [\n -111.98089599609375,\n 40.516409213865586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db654a00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25824,"text":"wri984248 - 1998 - Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-17T21:33:00.736529","indexId":"wri984248","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4248","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, 1996","docAbstract":"The Prairie du Chien-Jordan (PDCJ) aquifer (Prairie du Chien-Trempealeau aquifer in Wisconsin), composed of dolomite and sandstone of Cambrian to Ordovician age, is the principal bedrock aquifer in the Upper Mississippi River study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The aquifer supplies approximately 75 percent of the ground water withdrawn in the area. In certain areas, the aquifer is overlain by bedrock or glacial deposits having low hydraulic conductivity (termed \"confined portion\" of the aquifer in this report). In other areas the aquifer is overlain by glacial sand and gravel deposits having greater hydraulic conductivity (termed \"unconfined portion\" of the aquifer in this report). Differences in the hydrogeologic characteristics of these overlying units have potential to affect the downward movement of water and of contaminants into the aquifer from the land surface.
\nGround-water samples were collected from 50 domestic wells completed in this aquifer in July, August, and September of 1996 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National WaterQuality Assessment Program. The purpose of this report is to describe the chemical characteristics of water in the PDCJ aquifer and to summarize the differences in water quality in confined and unconfined portions of the aquifer. Twenty-five wells were sampled in each portion of the aquifer. Water samples from the wells were measured for physical parameters and analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, trace metals, radon, tritium, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds.
\nDifferences in anthropogenic and naturally occurring materials in water between confined and unconfined portions of the PDCJ aquifer are small and frequently the differences are not statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were slightly less and specific conductances and alkalinities were slightly greater in water in the confined portion of the aquifer. Only the differences in specific conductance and alkalinity, however, were statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level (two sample t-test). Concentrations of most major ions were generally greater in water from the confined portion of the aquifer.
\nNitrate (nitrite plus nitrate as N) and phosphorus were generally greater in the unconfined portion of the PDCJ aquifer although the differences were not statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level (nonparametric Mann-Whitney test). In the confined portion of the aquifer no samples exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter for nitrate. In the unconfined portion of the aquifer nitrate in two samples exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter. Phosphorus concentrations were generally about an order of magnitude less than nitrate concentrations.
\nIron and manganese concentrations commonly exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and were generally greater in the confined portion of the PDCJ aquifer, although the differences were not statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level (nonparametric Mann-Whitney test). Radon concentrations were greater in the confined portion of the aquifer than in the unconfined portion, although the difference was not statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level (two sample t-test), with medians of 500 and 340 picoCuries per liter, respectively. Sixty-six percent of the radon concentrations were greater than the suspended maximum contaminant level of 300 picoCuries per liter. Tritium concentrations indicate that water in the unconfined portion of the PDCJ aquifer may have been recharged more recently than water in the confined portion of the aquifer, although differences in tritium concentrations between confined and unconfined portions of the aquifer were not statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level (nonparametric MannWhitney test). Atrazine and its metabolite, deethylatrazine, were the most frequently detected pesticide compounds in water samples from the PDCJ aquifer. Volatile organic compounds were detected in 41 of the 50 water samples, but none of the concentrations exceeded 1 microgram per liter. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds were slightly greater in the unconfined portion, although the differences in detection rates were not statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level (nonparametric Mann-Whitney test). Carbon disulfide and methyl chloride were the most frequently detected volatile organic compounds. Water in the unconfined portion of the PDCJ aquifer in Minnesota and Wisconsin appears to be affected to a greater degree by anthropogenic activities than water in the confined portion of the aquifer.
\nWater in the confined portion has a longer residence time and greater concentrations of dissolution products of minerals. In general, however, differences in anthropogenic and naturally occurring materials among confined and unconfined portions of the aquifer are small and frequently not significantly different.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri984248","usgsCitation":"Fong, A.L., Andrews, W., and Stark, J., 1998, Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4248, vii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984248.","productDescription":"vii, 45 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95564,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13255.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.75,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -92.083,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -92.083,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb64d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fong, Alison L.","contributorId":78366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, W. J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25813,"text":"wri984158 - 1998 - Urban stormwater quality, event-mean concentrations, and estimates of stormwater pollutant loads, Dallas-Fort Worth area, Texas, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T13:09:11","indexId":"wri984158","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4158","title":"Urban stormwater quality, event-mean concentrations, and estimates of stormwater pollutant loads, Dallas-Fort Worth area, Texas, 1992-93","docAbstract":"The quality of urban stormwater is characterized with respect to 188 properties and constituents. Event-mean concentrations and loads for three land uses (residential, industrial, commercial), and annual loads for 12 selected properties and constituents for 26 gaged basins in the DallasFort Worth study area are presented. During February 1992–June 1993, 182 water samples from the 26 gaged basins (each basin classified as primarily residential, industrial, or commercial) were collected and analyzed. Residential land-use basins had greater median concentrations of bacteria, nutrients, and total arsenic. Industrial land-use basins had greater median concentrations of suspended and dissolved solids, and total recoverable chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc. Diazinon was the most frequently detected pesticide in all three land-use basins. Diazinon was detected in 93 percent of samples from residential land-use basins, 70 percent from commercial land-use basins, and 33 percent from industrial land-use basins. Volatile organic compounds and base/neutral and acid extractable semivolatile organic compounds were detected more frequently in samples from industrial land-use basins than residential or commercial land-use basins.
\nEvent-mean concentrations (EMCs) were computed for each land use for biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; suspended and dissolved solids; total nitrogen and ammonia plus organic nitrogen; total and dissolved phosphorus; total recoverable copper, lead, and zinc; and total diazinon. The EMCs of chemical oxygen demand; total nitrogen and ammonia plus organic nitrogen; total and dissolved phosphorus; and total diazinon were greatest in samples from residential land-use basins. The EMCs of biochemical oxygen demand; suspended and dissolved solids; and total copper, lead, and zinc were greatest in samples from industrial land-use basins.
\nLoads per square mile for the three land uses were estimated for the same properties and constituents from flow-weighted EMCs and runoff volume on the basis of seven sampled storms at each gaged site. Chemical oxygen demand and dissolved and suspended solids had the greatest mean loads per square mile. Mean loads per square mile were greatest for trace elements in industrial land-use basins and for total diazinon in residential land-use basins. Mean loads per square mile for total nitrogen in the three land-use basins were dissimilar.
\nLocal regression equations were developed to estimate loads produced by individual storms. Mean annual loads were estimated by applying the storm-load equations for all runoff-producing storms in an average climatic year and summing individual storm loads to determine the annual load.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri984158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Central Texas Council of Governments","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., Raines, T.H., Mansfield, B., and Sandlin, J., 1998, Urban stormwater quality, event-mean concentrations, and estimates of stormwater pollutant loads, Dallas-Fort Worth area, Texas, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4158, ii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984158.","productDescription":"ii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1992-02-01","temporalEnd":"1993-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_98_4158.jpg"},{"id":10033,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri984158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas-Fort Worth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.58333333333333,32.5 ], [ -97.58333333333333,33.166666666666664 ], [ -96.5,33.166666666666664 ], [ -96.5,32.5 ], [ -97.58333333333333,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e07d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, T. H.","contributorId":88389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mansfield, B.L.","contributorId":16443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mansfield","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandlin, J.T.","contributorId":63039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandlin","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27943,"text":"wri984127 - 1998 - Streamflow, water-quality, and biological conditions in the Big Black Creek basin, St. Clair County, Alabama, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri984127","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4127","title":"Streamflow, water-quality, and biological conditions in the Big Black Creek basin, St. Clair County, Alabama, 1997","docAbstract":"In 1997 synoptic streamflow, water-quality, and biological investi- gations in the Big Black Creek Basin were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the City of Moody, St. Clair County, and the Birmingham Water Works Board. Data obtained during these synoptic investigations provide a one-time look at the streamflow and water-quality conditions in the Big Black Creek Basin during a stable, base-flow period when streamflow originated only from ground-water discharge. These data were used to assess the degree of water-quality degradation in the Big Black Creek Basin from land-use activities in the basin, including leakage of leachate from the Acmar Regional Land- fill. Biological data from the benthic invertebrate community investigation provided an assessment of the cumulative effects of stream conditions on organisms in the basin.\r\nThe synoptic measurement of streamflow at 28 sites was made during a period of baseflow on August 27, 1997. Two stream reaches above the landfill lost water to the ground-water system, but those below the landfill had significantly higher ground-water gains. If significant leakage of leachate from the landfill had occurred during the measurement period, the distribution of ground-water discharge suggests that leachate would travel relatively short distances before resurfacing as ground-water discharge to the stream.\r\nBenthic invertebrate communities were sampled at four sites in the Big Black Creek Basin during July 16-17, 1997. Based on Alabama Department of Environmental Management criteria and on comparison with a nearby unimparied reference site, the benthic invertebrate communities at the sites sampled were considered unimpaired or only slightly impaired during the sample period. This would imply that landfill and coal-mining activities did not have a detrimental effect on the benthic invertebrate communities at the time of the study.\r\nSynoptic water-column samples were collected at nine sites on Big Black Creek and its tributaries at the same time that the synoptic streamflow measurements were made. Trace-element and organic compound concentrations in the stream water were below established water-quality standards and criteria for the State of Alabama, with the exception of secondary (aesthetic) drinking-water levels for iron and manganese. Oil and grease concentrations detected in bed sediments were below the corrective action limit of 100 milligrams per kilogram. No significant increases in chloride, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, oil and grease, color, or biochemical oxygen demand were observed at sites downgradient from the landfill.\r\nGround-water samples were collected from three drive-point wells in the vicinity of the landfill. These samples were analyzed for a suite of volatile organic compounds. The solvent 1,1-dichloroethane (the same solvent detected in the ground-water monitoring system at the landfill) was detected in a sample from a drive-point well downgradient from the landfill--an indication of the potential risk of landfill-derived contamination migrating toward Big Black Creek.\r\nNo distinguishing trend or pattern of contamination was identified that could be attributed solely to landfill activities. Landfill activities did not appear to contribute significant contamination to Big Black Creek during these streamflow conditions. Any contaminant contribution from coal-mining activities in the basin may have served to mask any leachate contributions from the landfill; however, the overall effects on stream water and benthic intervebrate communities apparently were only minimal.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984127","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., Clark, A., and Stricklin, V.E., 1998, Streamflow, water-quality, and biological conditions in the Big Black Creek basin, St. Clair County, Alabama, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4127, iv, 52 p. :ill., maps; 28 cm.; 14 illus.; 11 plates; 13 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984127.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p. :ill., maps; 28 cm.; 14 illus.; 11 plates; 13 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95688,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4127/report.pdf","size":"8483","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4127/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Amy E.","contributorId":29469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Amy E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricklin, Victor E.","contributorId":69193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricklin","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28178,"text":"wri984023 - 1998 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Paluxy aquifer in the vicinity of Landfills 1 and 3, U.S. Air Force Plant 4, Fort Worth, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T21:08:36.189526","indexId":"wri984023","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4023","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Paluxy aquifer in the vicinity of Landfills 1 and 3, U.S. Air Force Plant 4, Fort Worth, Texas","docAbstract":"Ground-water contamination of the surficial terrace alluvial aquifer has occurred at U.S. Air Force Plant 4, a government-owned, contractor-operated facility, northwest of Fort Worth, Texas. A poorly constructed monitoring well, P–22M, open to the underlying middle zone of the Paluxy aquifer was installed at landfill 3, October 1987, allowing leakage of contaminated ground water to reach the Paluxy aquifer. This well was plugged and abandoned in November 1995. Additionally, volatile organic compounds have been detected in fractures in the Goodland-Walnut confining unit, the hydrogeologic unit separating the terrace alluvial aquifer from the underlying Paluxy aquifer, beneath the western part of landfill 1. Volatile organic compounds in concentrations near the analytical detection limit were detected in the upper Paluxy prior to the drilling of well P–22M.
The ground-water-flow simulation model described in this report was developed to examine the best logistically feasible location to install recovery wells to capture the low concentration (less than 100 micrograms per liter) trichloroethylene plume beneath landfills 1 and 3 (west Paluxy plume). Once the recovery wells were installed (1996), the simulation model was recalibrated with new data. This report documents the capture area of the installed recovery wells. Four geologic units are pertinent to this site-specific model. From oldest to youngest, these are the Glen Rose Formation, Paluxy Formation, Walnut Formation, and Goodland Limestone. The Glen Rose Formation is relatively impermeable in the study area and forms the confining unit underlying the Paluxy Formation. The Paluxy Formation forms the Paluxy aquifer, which is a public drinking water supply for the City of White Settlement. The Walnut Formation and Goodland Limestone form the Goodland-Walnut confining unit overlying the Paluxy aquifer. Near landfill 3, gamma-ray logs indicate three distinct zones of the Paluxy Formation; upper, middle, and lower. The formation is about 170-feet thick near landfill 3, and each zone is about 57-feet thick.
Two steady-state simulations using the computer program MODFLOW were analyzed using the particle-tracking computer program, MODPATH. One simulation is the calibration simulation using Paluxy aquifer water-level data for May 1993. The second simulation includes the installed recovery wells. A variably spaced grid was designed for the model. The smallest grid cells, 25 by 25 feet, are in the vicinity of landfills 1 and 3. The largest cells, 4,864.5 by 1,441.5 feet, are at the northwestern corner of the model grid near the Parker-Tarrant County line. The modeling was accomplished with three layers representing the upper, middle, and lower zones of the Paluxy aquifer. Particles, which represent contaminant molecules moving in solution with the ground water, were tracked from well P–22M and an area below landfill 1, at the top of the upper zone of the Paluxy aquifer, for 9 years (forward tracking). The forward tracking estimates where contaminants might move by advection from 1987 to 1996. Analysis of backward tracking from the new recovery wells indicates that the simulated contributing area to the recovery wells intercepts the contaminant plume, minimizing off-site migration of the west Paluxy plume. To determine the effectiveness of the recovery wells, monitoring wells southeast of Building 14 have been installed (1996–97) for sampling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri984023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Hamrick, S.T., 1998, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Paluxy aquifer in the vicinity of Landfills 1 and 3, U.S. Air Force Plant 4, Fort Worth, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4023, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984023.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423533,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48913.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri98-4023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":326717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984023.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Paluxy formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.48366219961711,\n 32.7898641403239\n ],\n [\n -97.48366219961711,\n 32.75443856753387\n ],\n [\n -97.43546486690468,\n 32.75443856753387\n ],\n [\n -97.43546486690468,\n 32.7898641403239\n ],\n [\n -97.48366219961711,\n 32.7898641403239\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62562b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamrick, Stanley T.","contributorId":101288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamrick","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23763,"text":"ofr98645 - 1998 - Evaluation of geophysical logs and video surveys in boreholes adjacent to the Berkley Products Superfund Site, West Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T21:18:41.166636","indexId":"ofr98645","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-645","title":"Evaluation of geophysical logs and video surveys in boreholes adjacent to the Berkley Products Superfund Site, West Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Between February 1998 and April 1998, geophysical logs were collected in nine boreholes adjacent to the Berkley Products Superfund Site, West Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pa. Video surveys were conducted on four of the nine boreholes. The boreholes range in depth from 320 to 508 feet below land surface, are completed open holes, have ambient vertical flow of water, and penetrate a series of interbedded siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate units. The purpose of collecting geophysical-log data was to help determine horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known or suspected sources and to aid in the placement of permanent borehole packers. The primary contaminants were derived from paint waste that included pigment sludges and wash solvents. The chlorinated volatile organic compounds probably originated from the wash solvents.
Caliper logs and video surveys were used to locate fractures; inflections on fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were used to verify the locations of water-producing or water-receiving zones and to measure rates of flow between water-bearing fractures. Single-point-resistance and natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, video surveys, and driller's logs, permanent multiple-packer systems were installed in each borehole to obtain depth specific water samples from one or more water-bearing fractures in each borehole.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98645","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., and Conger, R.W., 1998, Evaluation of geophysical logs and video surveys in boreholes adjacent to the Berkley Products Superfund Site, West Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-645, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98645.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403697,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39557.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0645/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350712,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0645/ofr19980645.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1998-0645"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lancaster County","otherGeospatial":"Berkley Products Superfund site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.169,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -76.131,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -76.131,\n 40.271\n ],\n [\n -76.169,\n 40.271\n ],\n [\n -76.169,\n 40.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
A study of the effects of storm runoff from urban areas on water quality at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, was conducted from May 1994 through September 1996. The purpose of this report is to present information to assess the current (1994-96) conditions and possible methods for anticipating future water-quality effects from storm runoff and changes in land use. Three sampling sites were established to monitor streamflow and water quality from three watersheds draining the study area. Streamflow was monitored continuously, and water-quality samples were collected during low-flow (12 samples) and storm-runoff (21 samples) conditions to determine mean annual constituent loads.
Constituent concentrations for the most part were smallest during low flow with the exception of major ions, dissolved solids, and some nutrients. Concentrations of suspended solids and total recoverable metals at all three sites were much larger in storm-runoff samples than in low-flow samples--typically an order of magnitude larger than low-flow concentrations. Mean low-flow nutrient concentrations were either larger than or smaller than storm-runoff concentrations depending on the watershed.
Total chloroform and total tetrachloroethylene were the only two volatile organic compounds detected, and acid-base/neutral organic compounds were not detected in any of the samples collected. Eight pesticides were detected in low-flow samples, and 15 pesticides were detected in storm-runoff samples. The only mean concentrations of the selected constituents in this study that exceeded either the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level or the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level were dissolved solids and total recoverable iron and manganese.
Mean annual loads for 10 selected constituents were estimated for each watershed. Overall, storm runoff contributed more than one-half of the total mean annual loads for 8 of the 10 selected constituents. In fact, more than 70 percent of the mean annual loads for suspended solids and total recoverable copper, lead, and zinc were contributed by storm runoff. More than one-half the mean annual load was contributed during lowflow for dissolved
solids at all watersheds.
Mean annual yields (mass per unit area) of selected constituents from each watershed indicated few differences between watersheds. The lack of variability of yields among the three watersheds indicates that differences in land uses are small enough that few distinctions can be made between watersheds. Overall, storm runoff contributed more than one-half of the mean annual yields for chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, most of the selected nutrient constituents, and total recoverable copper, lead, and zinc. Large yields of chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and total recoverable metals during storm runoff from one of the watersheds are probably related to the erosion of exposed soils at construction sites within the watershed. Low yields of suspended solids and total recoverable copper and zinc from another watershed are probably related to retention-storage effects from lakes upstream from the sampling site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Army, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., 1998, Concentrations, loads, and yields of selected water-quality constituents during low flow and storm runoff from three watersheds at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, May 1994 through September 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4001, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984001.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395107,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48897.htm"},{"id":360240,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4001/wrir19984001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 1998–4001"},{"id":158307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4001/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Fort Leavenworth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.94453430175781,\n 39.324737093790155\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 39.324737093790155\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 39.364563203559975\n ],\n [\n -94.94453430175781,\n 39.364563203559975\n ],\n [\n -94.94453430175781,\n 39.324737093790155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Water samples were collected from four lakes in Byram Township, Sussex County, N.J., in the summer of 1998 as part of an investigation of the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in domestic wells of lakeside communities. Cranberry Lake and Lake Lackawanna are surrounded by densely populated communities where the use of gasoline-powered watercraft is prevalent, and water is supplied by lakeside wells. Forest Lake is surrounded by a densely populated community where the use of gasoline-powered watercraft is prohibited. Stag Pond is privately owned, is situated in a sparsely populated area, and is not navigated by gasoline-powered watercraft. Samples were collected from Cranberry Lake in early summer and again in late summer 1998. Concentrations of the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) ranged from 1.6 to 15.0 µg/L (micrograms per liter) on June 24 and decreased with depth. The depth-related concentration gradient is attributed to density stratification caused by the temperature gradient that is present in the lake during the early summer. MTBE concentrations ranged from 7.4 to 29.0 µg/L on September 8 and were uniform with depth, as was water temperature, indicating that the lake was vertically mixed. On the basis of these concentration profiles, the mass of MTBE in Cranberry Lake was estimated to be 15 kilograms on June 24 and 27 kilograms on September 8. These mass estimates are equal to the amount of MTBE in 52 and 95 gallons, respectively, of gasoline that contains 10 percent MTBE by volume. Concentrations of another gasoline oxygenate, tert-amyl-methyl ether (TAME), ranged from 0.07 to 0.43 µg/L on June 24 and from 0.2 to 0.69 µg/L on September 8. The highest concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were 0.18, 1.2, 0.18, and 0.97 µg/L, respectively, on June 24. All BTEX concentrations in Cranberry Lake on September 8 were less than 0.2 µg/L.
Samples were collected from Lake Lackawanna on September 9. Concentrations of MTBE and TAME ranged from 3.7 to 14.0 µg/L and from 0.17 to 0.38 µg/L, respectively. Like those in Cranberry Lake the previous day, BTEX concentrations were less than 0.2 µg/L, and VOC concentrations and water temperatures were nearly uniform with depth. The mass of MTBE in Lake Lackawanna on September 9 was estimated to be 6 kilograms, which is equal to the amount of MTBE in 21 gallons of gasoline that contains10 percent MTBE by volume. All VOC concentrations were less than 0.2 µg/L in samples collected from Forest Lake on September 8, 1998, and from Stag Pond on the following day.
Oxygenated gasoline is used in watercraft on lakes across northern New Jersey. Many of these lakes are surrounded by communities similar to those at Cranberry Lake and at Lake Lackawanna, which depend largely on wells for water supply. Therefore, a regional assessment of the occurrence of these compounds in lakes and ground water is needed to determine the effect of the use of oxygenated gasoline on water quality in lakeside environments throughout northern New Jersey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984264","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., and Zapecza, O.S., 1998, Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other volatile organic compounds in lakes in Byram Township, Sussex County, New Jersey, summer 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4264, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984264.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984264.PNG"},{"id":411568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13209.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Sussex County","otherGeospatial":"Byram Township","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.754,\n 40.996\n ],\n [\n -74.754,\n 40.936\n ],\n [\n -74.686,\n 40.936\n ],\n [\n -74.686,\n 40.996\n ],\n [\n -74.754,\n 40.996\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62d69a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zapecza, Otto S. ozapecza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zapecza","given":"Otto","email":"ozapecza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29321,"text":"wri984074 - 1998 - Occurrence and seasonal variability of volatile organic compounds in seven New Jersey streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri984074","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4074","title":"Occurrence and seasonal variability of volatile organic compounds in seven New Jersey streams","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri984074","usgsCitation":"Reiser, R., and O’Brien, A.K., 1998, Occurrence and seasonal variability of volatile organic compounds in seven New Jersey streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4074, 11 p. :col. ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984074.","productDescription":"11 p. :col. ill., col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4074/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58162,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiser, R.G. 0000-0001-5140-2745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2745","contributorId":14461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, A. K.","contributorId":8141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23934,"text":"ofr97242 - 1998 - Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from selected boreholes and wells in and near Belvidere, Illinois, 1989-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T20:14:52.498186","indexId":"ofr97242","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-242","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from selected boreholes and wells in and near Belvidere, Illinois, 1989-96","docAbstract":"This report presents selected geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data collected in and near Belvidere, Ill., during 1989-96. The data were collected primarily by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in support of an ongoing ground-water study of the glacial drift aquifer and bedrock aquifers of Ordovician and Cambrian age underlying the area. These data were collected from 8 boreholes and 52 wells within a 4 square-mile urbanized part of the 80 square-mile study area.\r\nData include stratigraphic, lithologic, and physical descriptions of rock cores from 5 boreholes; geophysical logs of 23 boreholes; surface-geophysical surveys at 3 sites; ground-water levels at 46 wells; horizontal hydraulic conductivity estimated from slug tests at 32 boreholes and wells; and ground-water-quality information at 26 boreholes and wells. Ground-water-quality information include field characteristics and laboratory analyses of inorganic constituents, tritium, volatile organic compounds, and semivolatile organic compounds. Also included are construction logs for 11 monitoring wells and descriptions of the methods used for data collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97242","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., Yeskis, D., and Straub, T.D., 1998, Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from selected boreholes and wells in and near Belvidere, Illinois, 1989-96: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-242, vi, 151 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97242.","productDescription":"vi, 151 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39603.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0242/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0242/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Belvidere","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.855,\n 42.272\n ],\n [\n -88.855,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -88.8333,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -88.8333,\n 42.272\n ],\n [\n -88.855,\n 42.272\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P. C.","contributorId":69117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, D.J.","contributorId":105334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Straub, T. D.","contributorId":88775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}