The U.S. Geological Survey completed a geology-based assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable continuous petroleum resources in the Wolfcamp shale in the Midland Basin part of the Permian Basin Province of west Texas. This is the first U.S. Geological Survey evaluation of continuous resources in the Wolfcamp shale in the Midland Basin. Since the 1980s, the Wolfcamp shale in the Midland Basin has been part of the “Wolfberry” play. This play has traditionally been developed using vertical wells that are completed and stimulated in multiple productive stratigraphic intervals that include the Wolfcamp shale and overlying Spraberry Formation. Since the shift to horizontal wells targeting the organic-rich shale of the Wolfcamp, more than 3,000 horizontal wells have been drilled and completed in the Midland Basin Wolfcamp section. The U.S. Geological Survey assessed technically recoverable mean resources of 20 billion barrels of oil and 16 trillion cubic feet of associated gas in the Wolfcamp shale in the Midland Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171013","usgsCitation":"Gaswirth, S.B., 2017, Assessment of continuous oil resources in the Wolfcamp shale of the Midland Basin, Permian Basin Province, Texas, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open File-Report 2017–1013, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171013.\n","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081644","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336741,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1013/ofr20171013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1013"},{"id":336740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1013/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Midland Basin, Permian Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 33.8\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 33.8\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, USGS Central Energy Resources Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 939
Denver, CO 80225
The two nonnative invasive bigheaded carp species (bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix) that were accidentally released in the 1970s have spread widely into the rivers and waterways of the Mississippi River Basin. First detected in the lower reaches of the Illinois Waterway (IWW, the combined Illinois River-Des Plaines River-Chicago Area Waterway System) in the 1990s, bighead and silver carps moved quickly upstream, approaching the Chicago Area Waterway System. The potential of substantial negative ecological and economic impact to the Great Lakes from the presence of these species is a concern. However, since 2006, the population front of bigheaded carps has remained in the vicinity of Joliet, Illinois, near river mile 278. This reach of the IWW is characterized by stark changes in habitat, water quality, and food resources as the waterway transitions from a primarily agricultural landscape to a metropolitan and industrial canal system. This report describes a 2015 plan for sampling the IWW to establish water-quality conditions that might be contributing to the apparent stalling of the population front of bigheaded carps in this reach. A detailed description of the study plan, Lagrangian-style sampling approach, selected analytes, sampling methods and protocols are provided. Hydrographs from streamflow-gaging stations show IWW conditions during the 2015 sampling runs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency- Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Duncker, J.J., and Terrio, P.J., 2017, Water-quality sampling plan for evaluating the distribution of bigheaded carps in the Illinois Waterway: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2017–1019, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171019.\n\n","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077191","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1019/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":336229,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1019/ofr20171019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 38.64261790634527\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 38.64261790634527\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 38.64261790634527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
405 N. Goodwin Avenue
Urbana, IL 61801-2347
Phone: (217) 328-8747
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
The goals of the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN, www.usanpn.org) are to advance science, inform decisions, and communicate and connect with the public regarding phenology and species’ responses to environmental variation and climate change. The USA-NPN seeks to facilitate informed ecosystem stewardship and management by providing phenological information freely and openly. One way the USA-NPN is endeavoring to accomplish these goals is by providing data and data products in a wide range of formats, including gridded real-time, short-term forecasted, and historical maps of phenological events, patterns and trends. This document describes the suite of gridded phenologically relevant data products produced and provided by the USA National Phenology Network, which can be accessed at www.usanpn.org/data/phenology_maps and also through web services at geoserver.usanpn.org/geoserver/wms?request=GetCapabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona","usgsCitation":"Crimmins, T.M., Marsh, R.L., Switzer, J.R., Crimmins, M.A., Gerst, K.L., Rosemartin, A.H., and Weltzin, J.F., 2017, USA National Phenology Network gridded products documentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1003, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171003.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076553","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334617,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1003/ofr20171003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"432 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1003"},{"id":334616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1003/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Executive Director
USA National Phenology Network
http://www.usanpn.org
A series of benchmark tests was run by comparing results of the Processing and Review Interface for Strong Motion data (PRISM) software version 1.0.0 to Basic Strong-Motion Accelerogram Processing Software (BAP; Converse and Brady, 1992), and to California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) processing (Shakal and others, 2003, 2004). These tests were performed by using the MatLAB implementation of PRISM, which is equivalent to its public release version in Java language. Systematic comparisons were made in time and frequency domains of records processed in PRISM and BAP, and in CSMIP, by using a set of representative input motions with varying resolutions, frequency content, and amplitudes. Although the details of strong-motion records vary among the processing procedures, there are only minor differences among the waveforms for each component and within the frequency passband common to these procedures. A comprehensive statistical evaluation considering more than 1,800 ground-motion components demonstrates that differences in peak amplitudes of acceleration, velocity, and displacement time series obtained from PRISM and CSMIP processing are equal to or less than 4 percent for 99 percent of the data, and equal to or less than 2 percent for 96 percent of the data. Other statistical measures, including the Euclidian distance (L2 norm) and the windowed root mean square level of processed time series, also indicate that both processing schemes produce statistically similar products.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171020","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Stephens, C., 2017, Systematic comparisons between PRISM version 1.0.0, BAP, and CSMIP ground-motion processing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1020, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171020.","productDescription":"xv, 108 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1020/ofr20171020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1020"}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
A continually increasing number of high-quality digital strong-motion records from stations of the National Strong-Motion Project (NSMP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as well as data from regional seismic networks within the United States, call for automated processing of strong-motion records with human review limited to selected significant or flagged records. The NSMP has developed the Processing and Review Interface for Strong Motion data (PRISM) software to meet this need. In combination with the Advanced National Seismic System Quake Monitoring System (AQMS), PRISM automates the processing of strong-motion records. When used without AQMS, PRISM provides batch-processing capabilities. The PRISM version 1.0.0 is platform independent (coded in Java), open source, and does not depend on any closed-source or proprietary software. The software consists of two major components: a record processing engine and a review tool that has a graphical user interface (GUI) to manually review, edit, and process records. To facilitate use by non-NSMP earthquake engineers and scientists, PRISM (both its processing engine and review tool) is easy to install and run as a stand-alone system on common operating systems such as Linux, OS X, and Windows. PRISM was designed to be flexible and extensible in order to accommodate new processing techniques. This report provides a thorough description and examples of the record processing features supported by PRISM. All the computing features of PRISM have been thoroughly tested.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171008","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., Kalkan, E., and Stephens, C., 2017, Processing and review interface for strong motion data (PRISM) software, version 1.0.0—Methodology and automated processing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1008, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171008.","productDescription":"x, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065005","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335779,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1008/ofr20171008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1008"},{"id":335778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1008/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
The San Francisco estuary is commonly defined to include San Francisco Bay (bay) and the adjacent Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta (delta). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has operated a high-frequency (15-minute sampling interval) water-quality monitoring network in San Francisco Bay since the late 1980s (Buchanan and others, 2014). This network includes 19 stations at which sustained measurements have been made in the bay; currently, 8 stations are in operation (fig. 1). All eight stations are equipped with specific conductance (which can be related to salinity) and water-temperature sensors. Water quality in the bay constantly changes as ocean tides force seawater in and out of the bay, and river inflows—the most significant coming from the delta—vary on time scales ranging from those associated with storms to multiyear droughts. This monitoring network was designed to observe and characterize some of these changes in the bay across space and over time. The data demonstrate a high degree of variability in both specific conductance and temperature at time scales from tidal to annual and also reveal longer-term changes that are likely to influence overall environmental health in the bay.
In water year (WY) 2015 (October 1, 2014, through September 30, 2015), as in the preceding water year (Downing-Kunz and others, 2015), the high-frequency measurements revealed record-high values of specific conductance and water temperature at several stations during a period of reduced freshwater inflow from the delta and other tributaries because of persistent, severe drought conditions in California. This report briefly summarizes observations for WY 2015 and compares them to previous years that had different levels of freshwater inflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171022","issn":"2331-1258 (online)","usgsCitation":"Work, P.A., Downing-Kunz, M.A., and Livsey, D., 2017, Record-high specific conductance and water temperature in San Francisco Bay during water year 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1022, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171022.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079162","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1022/ofr20171022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1022"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.4\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -121.9,\n 37.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
The Floridan aquifer system (FAS) consists of the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA), an intervening confining unit of highly variable properties, and the Lower Floridan aquifer (LFA). The UFA and LFA are primarily composed of Paleocene- to Oligocene-age carbonate rocks that include, locally, Upper Cretaceous rocks. The FAS extends from coastal areas in southeastern South Carolina and continues southward and westward across the coastal plain of Georgia and Alabama, and underlies all of Florida. The thickness of the FAS varies from less than 100 feet (ft) in aquifer outcrop areas of South Carolina to about 1,700 ft near the city of Brunswick, Georgia.
Locally, in southeastern Georgia and the Brunswick– Glynn County area, the UFA consists of an upper water-bearing zone (UWBZ) and a lower water-bearing zone (LWBZ), as identified by Wait and Gregg (1973), with aquifer test data indicating the upper zone has higher productivity than the lower zone. Near the city of Brunswick, the LFA is composed of two permeable zones: an early middle Eocene-age upper permeable zone (UPZ) and a highly permeable lower zone of limestone (LPZ) of Paleocene and Late Cretaceous age that includes a deeply buried, cavernous, saline water-bearing unit known as the Fernandina permeable zone. Maslia and Prowell (1990) inferred the presence of major northeast–southwest trending faults through the downtown Brunswick area based on structural analysis of geophysical data, northeastward elongation of the potentiometric surface of the UFA, and breaches in the local confining unit that influence the area of chloride contamination. Pronounced horizontal and vertical hydraulic head gradients, caused by pumping in the UFA, allow saline water from the FPZ to migrate upward into the UFA through this system of faults and conduits.
Saltwater was first detected in the FAS in wells completed in the UFA near the southern part of the city of Brunswick in late 1957. By the 1970s, a plume of groundwater with high chloride concentrations had migrated northward toward two major industrial pumping centers, and since 1965, chloride concentrations have steadily increased in the northern part of the city. In 1978, data obtained from a 2,720-ft-deep test well (33H188) drilled south of the city showed water with a chloride concentration of 33,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L), suggesting the saltwater source was located below the UFA in the Fernandina permeable zone (FPZ) of the LFA.
All U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data collected for this study, including groundwater levels in wells and water-chemistry data, are available in the USGS National Water Information System.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171010","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Brunswick-Glynn County Joint Water and Sewer Commission","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., and Peck, M.F., 2017, Saltwater intrusion in the Floridan aquifer system near downtown Brunswick, Georgia, 1957–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–2010, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171010.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075326","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334883,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1010/ofr20171010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1010"},{"id":334882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1010/coverthb1.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Brunswick","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.53263092041016,\n 31.11262192177511\n ],\n [\n -81.46190643310547,\n 31.11262192177511\n ],\n [\n -81.46190643310547,\n 31.207516037787602\n ],\n [\n -81.53263092041016,\n 31.207516037787602\n ],\n [\n -81.53263092041016,\n 31.11262192177511\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
Or visit the South Atlantic Water Science Center Website at
https://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
A methodology for developing a representative set of storm scenarios based on historical wave buoy and tide gauge data for a region at the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The total water level was calculated for a 10-year period and analyzed against existing topographic data to identify when storm-induced wave action would affect island morphology. These events were categorized on the basis of the threshold of total water level and duration to create a set of storm scenarios that were simulated, using a high-fidelity, process-based, morphologic evolution model, on an idealized digital elevation model of the Chandeleur Islands. The simulated morphological changes resulting from these scenarios provide a range of impacts that can help coastal managers determine resiliency of proposed or existing coastal structures and identify vulnerable areas within those structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171009","usgsCitation":"Mickey, R.C., Long, J.W., Plant, N.G., Thompson, D.M., and Dalyander, P.S., 2017, A methodology for modeling barrier island storm-impact scenarios (ver. 1.1, March 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1009, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171009.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337876,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1009/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":334864,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1009/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":334865,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1009/ofr20171009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1009"},{"id":334866,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72F7KJK","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Storm-Impact Scenario XBeach Model Input and Results"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.116667,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -86.95,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -86.95,\n 28.583333\n ],\n [\n -89.116667,\n 28.583333\n ],\n [\n -89.116667,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted February 16, 2017; Version 1.1: March 29, 2017","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Washover deposits on Fire Island, New York, from Hurricane Sandy in 2012 were investigated a year after the storm to document the sedimentary characteristics of hurricane washover features. Sediment data collected in the field includes stratigraphic descriptions and photos from trenches, bulk sediment samples, U-channels, and gouge and push cores. Samples and push cores were further analyzed in the laboratory for grain size, density variations using x-ray computed tomography (CT), and surface microtexture using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Elevation profiles of washover features were measured using Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) with Real Time Kinematic processing. The DGPS elevations were compared to lidar (light detection and ranging) data from pre- and post-Sandy surveys to assess the degree to which washover deposit thicknesses changed within the year following deposition. Hurricane Sandy washover deposits as much as 1 meter thick were observed in trenches. Initial results show that the upper parts of the deposits have been reworked significantly in some places by wind, but there are still areas where the deposits are almost entirely intact. Where mostly intact, the washover deposits consist of massive or weakly laminated sand near the base, overlain by more strongly laminated sands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171014","usgsCitation":"La Selle, S.M., Lunghino, B.D., Jaffe, B.E., Gelfenbaum, G., and Costa, P.J.M., 2017, Hurricane Sandy washover deposits on Fire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1014, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171014.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059939","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335669,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1014/ofr20171014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1014"},{"id":335668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1014/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.333333,\n 40.916667\n ],\n [\n -72.45,\n 40.916667\n ],\n [\n -72.45,\n 40.583333\n ],\n [\n -73.333333,\n 40.583333\n ],\n [\n -73.333333,\n 40.916667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
The Rapid Land Cover Mapper is an Esri ArcGIS® Desktop add-in, which was created as an alternative to automated or semiautomated mapping methods. Based on a manual photo interpretation technique, the tool facilitates mapping over large areas and through time, and produces time-series raster maps and associated statistics that characterize the changing landscapes. The Rapid Land Cover Mapper add-in can be used with any imagery source to map various themes (for instance, land cover, soils, or forest) at any chosen mapping resolution. The user manual contains all essential information for the user to make full use of the Rapid Land Cover Mapper add-in. This manual includes a description of the add-in functions and capabilities, and step-by-step procedures for using the add-in. The Rapid Land Cover Mapper add-in was successfully used by the U.S. Geological Survey West Africa Land Use Dynamics team to accurately map land use and land cover in 17 West African countries through time (1975, 2000, and 2013).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171012","usgsCitation":"Cotillon, S.E., and Mathis, M.L., 2017, Mapping land cover through time with the Rapid Land Cover Mapper—Documentation and user manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2017–1012, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171012.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23; Appendix","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335429,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1012/ofr20171012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1012"},{"id":335428,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1012/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335432,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1012/ofr20171012_appendixtable1-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix Table 1–1","size":"18.8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2017–1012 Appendix Table 1–1"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed Lower Cretaceous Albian to Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita Groups and their equivalent units for technically recoverable, undiscovered hydrocarbon resources underlying onshore lands and State Waters of the Gulf Coast region of the United States. This assessment was based on a geologic model that incorporates the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System (TPS) of the Gulf of Mexico basin; the TPS was defined previously by the USGS assessment team in the assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in Tertiary strata of the Gulf Coast region in 2007. One conventional assessment unit (AU), which extends from south Texas to the Florida panhandle, was defined: the Fredericksburg-Buda Carbonate Platform-Reef Gas and Oil AU. The assessed stratigraphic interval includes the Edwards Limestone of the Fredericksburg Group and the Georgetown and Buda Limestones of the Washita Group. The following factors were evaluated to define the AU and estimate oil and gas resources: potential source rocks, hydrocarbon migration, reservoir porosity and permeability, traps and seals, structural features, paleoenvironments (back-reef lagoon, reef, and fore-reef environments), and the potential for water washing of hydrocarbons near outcrop areas.
In Texas and Louisiana, the downdip boundary of the AU was defined as a line that extends 10 miles downdip of the Lower Cretaceous shelf margin to include potential reef-talus hydrocarbon reservoirs. In Mississippi, Alabama, and the panhandle area of Florida, where the Lower Cretaceous shelf margin extends offshore, the downdip boundary was defined by the offshore boundary of State Waters. Updip boundaries of the AU were drawn based on the updip extent of carbonate rocks within the assessed interval, the presence of basin-margin fault zones, and the presence of producing wells. Other factors evaluated were the middle Cenomanian sea-level fall and erosion that removed large portions of platform and platform-margin carbonate sediments in the Washita Group of central Louisiana. The production history of discovered reservoirs and well data within the AU were examined to estimate the number and size of undiscovered oil and gas reservoirs within the AU. Using the USGS National Oil and Gas Assessment resource assessment methodology, mean volumes of 40 million barrels of oil, 622 billion cubic feet of gas, and 14 million barrels of natural gas liquids are the estimated technically recoverable undiscovered resources for the Fredericksburg-Buda Carbonate Platform-Reef Gas and Oil AU.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161199","usgsCitation":"Swanson, S.M., Enomoto, C.B., Dennen, K.O., Valentine, B.J., and Cahan, S.M., 2017, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources—Lower Cretaceous Albian to Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian carbonate rocks of the Fredericksburg and Washita Groups, United States Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain and State Waters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1199, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161199.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 68 p.; Appendix 1: 2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064618","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335075,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1199/ofr20161199.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1199"},{"id":335074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1199/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":335076,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1199/ofr20161199_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1 - ","size":"446 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Input data form for the Fredericksburg-Buda Carbonate Platform-Reef Gas and Oil Assessment Unit (50490127)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -98.9208984375,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -100.1513671875,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -102.1728515625,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -101.42578124999999,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -100.5908203125,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -99.84374999999999,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -99.404296875,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -99.00878906249999,\n 26.31311263768267\n ],\n [\n -98.7451171875,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -95.49316406249999,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -88.8134765625,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -88.72558593749999,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 37.996162679728116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center
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Mail Stop 956
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://energy.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana and the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act, developed the Forested Floristic Quality Index (FFQI) for the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS). The FFQI will help evaluate forested wetland sites on a continuum from severely degraded to healthy and will assist in defining areas where forested wetland restoration can be successful by projecting the trajectories of change. At each CRMS forested wetland site there are stations for quantifying the overstory, understory, and herbaceous vegetation layers. Rapidly responding overstory canopy cover and herbaceous layer composition are measured annually, while gradually changing overstory basal area and species composition are collected on a 3-year cycle.
A CRMS analytical team has tailored these data into an index much like the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) currently used for herbaceous marsh and for the herbaceous layer of the swamp vegetation. The core of the FFQI uses basal area by species to assess the quality and quantity of the overstory at each of three stations within each CRMS forested wetland site. Trees that are considered by experts to be higher quality swamp species like Taxodium distichum (bald cypress) and Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo) are scored higher than tree species like Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow) and Salix nigra (black willow) that are indicators of recent disturbance. This base FFQI is further enhanced by the percent canopy cover in the overstory and the presence of indicator species at the forest floor. This systemic approach attempts to differentiate between locations with similar basal areas that are on different ecosystem trajectories. Because of these varying states of habitat degradation, paired use of the FQI and the FFQI is useful to interpret the vegetative data in transitional locations. There is often an inverse relation between the health of the overstory and health of the herbaceous community beneath it because of resource competition (for example, light) and differing environmental preferences between the two communities. The herbaceous layer vegetation responds rapidly to basic environmental factors such as flooding, salinity, and nutrients and can offer insight into the sustainability of swamps on a temporal scale shorter than tha of the slowly growing woody vegetation.
The FFQI will be available via the CRMS spatial viewer (http://lacoast.gov/crms2/home.aspx), and a new score will be calculated annually for each CRMS forested wetland site as data are collected to establish trends, to compare among sites, and to evaluate specific restoration projects when applicable. The FFQI will identify forested wetland areas in need of restoration and conservation and will help define targets and trajectories for restoration planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana and the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act","usgsCitation":"Wood, W.B., Shaffer, G.P., Visser, J.M., Krauss, K.W., Piazza, S.C., Sharp, L.A., and Cretini, K.F., 2017, Forested Floristic Quality Index—An assessment tool for forested wetland habitats using the quality and quantity of woody vegetation at Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) vegetation monitoring stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1002, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171002.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059586","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1002/ofr20171002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1002"},{"id":334900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1002/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.691650390625,\n 28.603814407841327\n ],\n [\n -92.691650390625,\n 30.779598396611537\n ],\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 30.779598396611537\n ],\n [\n -88.52783203125,\n 28.603814407841327\n ],\n [\n -92.691650390625,\n 28.603814407841327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
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","tableOfContents":"The U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Quality Systems operates the Precipitation Chemistry Quality Assurance Project (PCQA) for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) and National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network (NADP/MDN). Since 1978, various programs have been implemented by the PCQA to estimate data variability and bias contributed by changing protocols, equipment, and sample submission schemes within NADP networks. These programs independently measure the field and laboratory components which contribute to the overall variability of NADP wet-deposition chemistry and precipitation depth measurements. The PCQA evaluates the quality of analyte-specific chemical analyses from the two, currently (2016) contracted NADP laboratories, Central Analytical Laboratory and Mercury Analytical Laboratory, by comparing laboratory performance among participating national and international laboratories. Sample contamination and stability are evaluated for NTN and MDN by using externally field-processed blank samples provided by the Branch of Quality Systems. A colocated sampler program evaluates the overall variability of NTN measurements and bias between dissimilar precipitation gages and sample collectors.
This report documents historical PCQA operations and general procedures for each of the external quality-assurance programs from 2007 to 2016.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161213","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G.A., and Martin, RoseAnn, 2017, Updated operational protocols for the U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation Chemistry Quality Assurance Project in support of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1213, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161213.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071130","costCenters":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1213/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":334536,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1213/ofr20161213.pdf","text":"Report","size":"740kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1213"}],"country":"Argentina, Canada, Puerto Rico, United 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USGS Branch of Quality Systems
Box 25046, Mail Stop 401
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Wetland and Aquatic Research Center (WARC) has two primary locations (Gainesville, Florida, and Lafayette, Louisiana) and field stations throughout the southeastern United States and Caribbean. WARC’s roots are in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Park Service research units that were brought into the USGS as the Biological Research Division in 1996. Founded in 2015, WARC was created from the merger of two long-standing USGS biology science Centers—the Southeast Ecological Science Center and the National Wetlands Research Center—to bring together expertise in biology, ecology, landscape science, geospatial applications, and decision support in order to address issues nationally and internationally. WARC scientists apply their expertise to a variety of wetland and aquatic research and monitoring issues that require coordinated, integrated efforts to better understand natural environments. By increasing basic understanding of the biology of important species and broader ecological and physiological processes, this research provides information to policymakers and aids managers in their stewardship of natural resources and in regulatory functions.
This strategic science plan (SSP) was developed to guide WARC research during the next 5–10 years in support of Department of the Interior (DOI) partnering bureaus such as the USFWS, the National Park Service, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, as well as other Federal, State, and local natural resource management agencies. The SSP demonstrates the alignment of the WARC goals with the USGS mission areas, associated programs, and other DOI initiatives. The SSP is necessary for workforce planning and, as such, will be used as a guide for future needs for personnel. The SSP also will be instrumental in developing internal funding priorities and in promoting WARC’s capabilities to both external cooperators and other groups within the USGS.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161193","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2017, The Wetland and Aquatic Research Center strategic science plan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1193, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161193.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072367","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334602,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1193/ofr20161193.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1193"},{"id":331220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1193/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71st Street
Gainesville, FL 32653
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc
","tableOfContents":"This U.S. Geological Survey report presents laboratory analyses along with field notes for an exploratory study to document the relative abundance of noble gases in mineral springs and water wells within the Cascadia forearc of Washington, Oregon, and California (fig. 1). This report describes 14 samples collected in 2014 and 2015 and complements a previous report that describes 9 samples collected in 2012 and 2013 (McCrory and others, 2014b). Estimates of the depth to the underlying Juan de Fuca oceanic plate beneath sample sites are derived from the McCrory and others (2012) slab model. Some of the springs have been previously sampled for chemical analyses (Mariner and others, 2006), but none of the springs or wells currently has publicly available noble gas data. The helium and neon isotope values and ratios presented below are used to determine the sources and mixing history of these mineral and well waters (for example, McCrory and others, 2016).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161203","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P.A., Constantz, J.E., and Hunt, A.G., 2017, Noble gas isotopes in mineral springs and wells within the Cascadia forearc, Washington, Oregon, and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1203, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161203.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 58 p; Companion File","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075367","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1203/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":334306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1203/ofr20161203.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1203"},{"id":334307,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1203/ofr20161203_NobleGasData.xlsx","text":"Noble Gas Data","size":"14 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016–1203 Noble Gas Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia Forearc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif. Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
This report describes an R package called smwrGraphs, which consists of a collection of graphing functions for hydrologic data within R, a programming language and software environment for statistical computing. The functions in the package have been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey to create high-quality graphs for publication or presentation of hydrologic data that meet U.S. Geological Survey graphics guidelines.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161188","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D.L., and Diekoff, A.L., 2017, smwrGraphs—An R package for graphing hydrologic data, version 1.1.2: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1188, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161188. [Supersedes USGS Open-File Report 2015–1202.]","productDescription":"Report: iii, 17 p.; Appendixes: 1–9","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054442","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504417,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix6.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":504416,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":504415,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":504412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":504414,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":504413,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":504420,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix9.pdf","text":"Appendix 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":504419,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix8.pdf","text":"Appendix 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":504418,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/downloads/ofr20161188_appendix7.pdf","text":"Appendix 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":334282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":334283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1188/ofr20161188.pdf","text":"Report","size":"0.97 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1188"}],"edition":"Version 1.1.2","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, Minnesota 55112
The humpback chub (Gila cypha) is an endangered cyprinid species endemic to the Colorado River. The largest remaining population of the species spawns and rears in the Little Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Construction and operation of Glen Canyon Dam has altered the main-stem Colorado River in Glen and Grand Canyons. Cold, clear water releases from the dam result in a river that is generally unsuitable for successful humpback chub reproduction. During the early 1990s, nine locations within the main-stem Colorado River were identified as humpback chub aggregations—areas with a consistent and disjunct group of fish with no significant exchange of individuals with other aggregations. We monitored main-stem Colorado River aggregations of humpback chub in Grand Canyon during 2010 to 2014 and compared our results to previous investigations. Relative abundance, as described by catch per unit effort (fish per hour) of adult humpback chub at most main-stem aggregations, generally increased from the 1990s to 2014. In addition, distribution of humpback chub in the main-stem Colorado River has increased since the 1990s. Movement of humpback chub between the Little Colorado River and other aggregations likely adds fish to those aggregations. There is clear evidence of reproduction near the 30-Mile aggregation, and reproduction at Middle Granite Gorge and downstream seems likely based on catches of gravid fish and captures of very young fish, especially during relatively warm water releases from Glen Canyon Dam, 2004 to 2011. Humpback chub relative abundance at Shinumo and Havasu Creek inflows increased following translocations of young humpback chub starting in 2009. In light of this information, we modify the original nine aggregations, combining two previously separate aggregations and dropping two locations to form six distinct aggregations of humpback chub. Trends in humpback chub abundance at main-stem aggregations, relative to management actions (for example, translocations) or changing environmental conditions (for example, river warming), informs management of the species across a riverscape scale within the Colorado River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Persons, W.R., Van Haverbeke, D.R., and Dodrill, M.J., 2017, Colorado River fish monitoring in Grand Canyon, Arizona; 2002–14 humpback chub aggregations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1177, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161177.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077512","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1177/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":334349,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1177/ofr20161177.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1177"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","contact":"GCMRC Staff, Southwest Biological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
https://www.gcmrc.gov/
Recent interest in flood control and restoration strategies in the Chehalis River Basin has increased the need to understand the current status and ecology of spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Spring Chinook salmon have the longest exposure of all adult Chinook salmon life histories to the low-flow and high water temperature conditions that typically occur during summer. About 100 adult spring Chinook salmon were found dead in the Chehalis River in July and August 2009. Adult Chinook salmon are known to hold in cool-water refugia during warm summer months, but the extent to which spring Chinook salmon might use thermal refugia in the Chehalis River is unknown. A preliminary evaluation of the movements and temperature exposures of adult spring Chinook salmon following their return to the Chehalis River was conducted using radiotelemetry and transmitters equipped with temperature sensors. A total of 12 spring Chinook salmon were captured, radio-tagged, and released in the main-stem Chehalis River between May and late June 2014. Tagged fish were monitored from freshwater entry through the spawning period using a combination of fixedsite monitoring locations and mobile tracking.
Water temperature and flow conditions in the main-stem Chehalis River during 2014 were atypical compared to historical averages. Mean monthly water temperatures between March and August 2014 were higher than any decade since 1960 and mean monthly discharge was 90–206 percent of the discharge in previous years. Overall, 92 percent of the tagged fish were detected, with a mean of 102 d in the detection history of tagged fish. Seven tagged fish (58 percent) moved upstream, either shortly after release (5–8 d, 57 percent), or within about a month (34–35 d, 29 percent). One fish (14 percent) remained near the release location for 98 d before moving upstream. The final fates for the seven fish that moved upstream following release included six fish that were assigned a fate of spawner and one fish with an unknown fate. Tagged fish showed limited movements during the peak water temperatures in July and August, and were not frequently detected at sites where water temperatures exceeded 21 °C. The mouths of the Skookumchuck and Newaukum Rivers were commonly used by tagged fish for extended periods during peak water temperatures and study fish with a fate of spawner were last detected in these tributaries.
This pilot study represents a substantial contribution to the understanding of spring Chinook salmon in the Chehalis River Basin, and provides information for the design and execution of future evaluations. The water temperatures and flow conditions during the 2014 study period were not typical of the historical conditions in the basin and the numbers of tagged fish monitored was relatively low, so results should be interpreted with those cautions in mind.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Hurst, W.R., Tomka, R.G., Kock, T.J., and Zimmerman, M.S., 2017, Preliminary evaluation of the behavior and movements of adult spring Chinook salmon in the Chehalis River, southwestern Washington, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1004, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171004.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081406","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1004/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":334360,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1004/ofr20171004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Chehalis River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.86810302734375,\n 46.479482189368646\n ],\n [\n -123.86810302734375,\n 47.05\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 47.05\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 46.479482189368646\n ],\n [\n -123.86810302734375,\n 46.479482189368646\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
The Albemarle Sound region was selected in 2012 as one of two demonstration sites in the Nation to test and improve the design of the National Water Quality Monitoring Council’s National Monitoring Network (NMN) for U.S. Coastal Waters and Tributaries. The goal of the NMN for U.S. Coastal Waters and Tributaries is to provide information about the health of our oceans, coastal ecosystems, and inland influences on coastal waters for improved resource management. The NMN is an integrated, multidisciplinary, and multi-organizational program using multiple sources of data and information to augment current monitoring programs.
This report presents and summarizes selected water-quality and bed sediment-quality data collected as part of the demonstration project conducted in two phases. The first phase was an occurrence and distribution study to assess nutrients, metals, pesticides, cyanotoxins, and phytoplankton communities in the Albemarle Sound during the summer of 2012 at 34 sites in Albemarle Sound, nearby sounds, and various tributaries. The second phase consisted of monthly sampling over a year (March 2013 through February 2014) to assess seasonality in a more limited set of constituents including nutrients, cyanotoxins, and phytoplankton communities at a subset (eight) of the sites sampled in the first phase. During the summer of 2012, few constituent concentrations exceeded published water-quality thresholds; however, elevated levels of chlorophyll a and pH were observed in the northern embayments and in Currituck Sound. Chlorophyll a, and metals (copper, iron, and zinc) were detected above a water-quality threshold. The World Health Organization provisional guideline based on cyanobacterial density for high recreational risk was exceeded in approximately 50 percent of water samples collected during the summer of 2012. Cyanobacteria capable of producing toxins were present, but only low levels of cyanotoxins below human health benchmarks were detected. Finally, 12 metals in surficial bed sediments were detected at levels above a published sediment-quality threshold. These metals included chromium, mercury, copper, lead, arsenic, nickel, and cadmium. Sites with several metal concentrations above the respective thresholds had relatively high concentrations of organic carbon or fine sediment (silt plus clay), or both and were predominantly located in the western and northwestern parts of the Albemarle Sound.
Results from the second phase were generally similar to those of the first in that relatively few constituents exceeded a water-quality threshold, both pH and chlorophyll a were detected above the respective water-quality thresholds, and many of these elevated concentrations occurred in the northern embayments and in Currituck Sound. In contrast to the results from phase one, the cyanotoxin, microcystin was detected at more than 10 times the water-quality threshold during a phytoplankton bloom on the Chowan River at Mount Gould, North Carolina in August of 2013. This was the only cyanotoxin concentration measured during the entire study that exceeded a respective water-quality threshold.
The information presented in this report can be used to improve understanding of water-quality conditions in the Albemarle Sound, particularly when evaluating causal and response variables that are indicators of eutrophication. In particular, this information can be used by State agencies to help develop water-quality criteria for nutrients, and to understand factors like cyanotoxins that may affect fisheries and recreation in the Albemarle Sound region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161171","usgsCitation":"Moorman, M.C., Fitzgerald, S.A., Gurley, L.N., Rhoni-Aref, Ahmed, and Loftin, K.A., 2017, Water quality and bed sediment quality in the Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1171, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161171. ","productDescription":"Report: viii, 46 p.; Appendixes 1-4; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-063224","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1171/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":333449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1171/ofr20161171.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1171"},{"id":333450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1171/downloads/ofr20161171_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1 - ","size":"262 KB (xls)","linkHelpText":"Quality Control Results"},{"id":333451,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1171/downloads/ofr20161171_appendix2.xls","text":"Appendix 2 - ","size":"287 KB (xls)","linkHelpText":"Chemical, Biological and Physical Results for Samples Collected in the Albemarle Sound and Tributaries, 2012"},{"id":333453,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1171/downloads/ofr20161171_appendix4.xls","text":"Appendix 4 - ","size":"57.5 KB (xls)","linkHelpText":"Constituents in Bed Sediment Samples Collected in the Albemarle Sound and Tributaries, 2012"},{"id":333454,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7057D2V","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Associated Data for Water Quality and Bed Sediment Quality in the Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, 2012–14"},{"id":333452,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1171/downloads/ofr20161171_appendix3.xls","text":"Appendix 3 - ","size":"268 KB (xls)","linkHelpText":"Chemical, Biological and Physical Results for Samples Collected in the Albemarle Sound and 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U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
Topock Marsh is a 1,637-hectare (4,045-acre) wetland adjacent to the Colorado River near Needles, California, and a main feature of Havasu National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, began construction of an infrastructure improvement project in 2010 to increase the efficiency of water use and to help protect the habitats and species found within the Havasu NWR. During construction, normal water delivery from the Colorado River into Topock Marsh through the Inlet Canal was restricted, which resulted in unusually low water elevations in 2011. The U.S. Geological Survey, commissioned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, undertook the investigation of the water quality and aquatic flora and fauna during the low water conditions. Subsequently, water elevations in the marsh returned to more normal elevations after the new concrete-lined Fire Break Canal became fully operational in January 2012.
The U.S. Geological Survey made 11 field trips to the Havasu NWR between July 2011 and October 2014 to assess the effects of the temporary low water conditions and the change of inflow location (from the Inlet Canal to the Fire Break Canal) on water quality and aquatic habitat. The following conditions were monitored: water quality, sediment and plant chemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic macro-invertebrates, and emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Water-quality and biota data collected during 2013–14 were then compared with data collected during the 2011–12 low water period.
Once the new Fire Break Canal became operational and Colorado River water flowed regularly into the marsh, concentrations of several water quality parameters decreased (for example, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, turbidity, chlorophyll a, and total and organic nitrogen), and phytoplankton abundance was reduced at the upstream sampling stations (TP-3, TP-2, and TP-6); the water flow pushed water with higher concentrations of these components downstream (measured at TP-8). The upstream sampling locations in 2013–14 had decreased turbidity, therefore more SAV biomass accumulated, especially in shallow areas with water depths of ≤1.0 meter (≤3.3 feet). However, the furthest downstream station had higher turbidity caused by both the suspension of autochthonous sediment and high phytoplankton density and biovolume. This higher turbidity resulted in minimal SAV growth, especially in the deeper water (>1.0 meter [>3.3 feet]). Emergent vegetation not only survived the low water conditions of 2011, but expanded its areal coverage and subsequently thrived in the higher water elevations.
Overall, no immediate critically negative consequences were detected for aquatic fauna or flora that could be attributd unequivocally to the effect of low water levels. Concentrations of nutrient and trace elements in all water samples were below wildlife toxicity thresholds as established by Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Three nonnative species were discovered shortly after the Fire Break Canal went into operation. Of the three, gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) increased substantially in numbers from 2011–14, but quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) did not increase. Future monitoring will determine the long-term impact of the new flow regime
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service–Region 2–National Wildlife Refuge System, the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, and the Desert Landscape Conservation Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Daniels, J.S., and Haegele, J.C., 2017, Assessment of ecosystem response to a temporary water level drawdown and subsequent refilling at Topock Marsh, Arizona—July 2011–October 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1195, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161195.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 92 p.; Appendixes 1-2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051540","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333180,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1195/ofr20161195_Appendix2_2014_Topock_Marsh_Fish_Survey_AGFD.pdf","text":"Appendix 2-2014 Topock Marsh Fish Survey AGFD","size":"116 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1195 Appendix 2 2014"},{"id":333171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1195/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":333179,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1195/ofr20161195_Appendix2_2013_Topock_Marsh_Fish_Survey_AGFD.pdf","text":"Appendix 2-2013 Topock Marsh Fish Survey AGFD","size":"28.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1195 Appendix 2 2013"},{"id":333175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1195/ofr20161195_Appendix 1-Reclamation_longterm_WQ_data_1983-2015.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-Reclamation longterm WQ data 1983-2015","size":"120 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1195 Appendix 1"},{"id":333172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1195/ofr20161195.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1195"},{"id":333181,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1195/ofr20161195_Appendix2_2015_Topock_Marsh_Fish_Survey_AGFD.pdf","text":"Appendix 2-2015 Topock Marsh Fish Survey AGFD","size":"120 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1195 Appendix 2 2015"},{"id":333176,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1195/ofr20161195_Appendix2_2010-2011-Topock_Marsh_Fish_Surveys_AGFD.pdf","text":"Appendix 2-2010-2011 Topock Marsh Fish Surveys AGFD","size":"20.0 kb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1195 Appendix 2 2010-2011"},{"id":333178,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1195/ofr20161195_Appendix2_2012_Topock_Marsh_Fish_Survey_AGFD.pdf","text":"Appendix 2-2012 Topock Marsh Fish Survey AGFD","size":"24.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1195 Appendix 2 2012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Topock Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.5625,\n 34.844444\n ],\n [\n -114.5625,\n 34.733333\n ],\n [\n -114.466667,\n 34.733333\n ],\n [\n -114.466667,\n 34.844444\n ],\n [\n -114.5625,\n 34.844444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, USGS Fort Collins Science Center
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Petroleum production data are usually stored in a format that makes it easy to determine the year and month production started, if there are any breaks, and when production ends. However, in some cases, you may want to compare production runs where the start of production for all wells starts at month one regardless of the year the wells started producing. This report describes the JAVA program the U.S. Geological Survey developed to examine water-to-oil and water-to-gas ratios in the form of month 1, month 2, and so on with the objective of estimating quantities of water and proppant used in low-permeability petroleum production. The text covers the data used by the program, the challenges with production data, the program logic for checking the quality of the production data, and the program logic for checking the completeness of the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161204","usgsCitation":"Varela, B.A., Haines, S.S., and Gianoutsos, N.J., 2017, Data cleaning methodology for monthly water-to-oil and water-to-gas production ratios in continuous resource assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1204, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161204.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 11 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069302","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333339,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1204/ofr20161204.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1204"},{"id":333343,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TD9VG7","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"OFR 2016-1204 USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":" Data cleaning methodology source code—Creating water-to-oil and water-to-gas ratios in sequence from start of production using the IHS PIDM database"},{"id":333337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1204/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"Center Director, USGS Central Energy Resources Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 939
Denver, CO 80225
Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in selected streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork Basin of western Montana. The sampling program was led by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2014 through September 2015. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2015.
This report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at sites from October 2014 through September 2015. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. At 12 sites, samples for analysis of dissolved organic carbon and turbidity were collected. In addition, samples for analysis of nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite) were collected at two sites. Daily values of mean suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for three sites. Seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin are provided for the period of record.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Turner, M.A., 2017, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2014 through September 2015) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1201, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161201.","productDescription":"vi, 122 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-078474","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333419,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1201/ofr20161201.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1201"},{"id":333418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1201/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 45.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Ave
Helena, MT 59601
The Salton Sea (Sea) is an ecosystem facing large systemic changes in the near future. Managers and stakeholders are seeking solutions to the decline of the Sea and have turned to the scientific community for answers. In response, scientists gathered in Irvine, California, to review existing science and propose scientific studies and monitoring needs required for understanding how to retain the Sea as a functional ecosystem. This document summarizes the proceedings of this gathering of approximately 50 scientists at a September 8–10, 2014, workshop on the State of the Salton Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171005","usgsCitation":"Barnum, D.A., Bradley, T., Cohen, M., Wilcox, B., and Yanega, G., 2017, State of the Salton Sea—A science and monitoring meeting of scientists for the Salton Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1005, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171005.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 20 p.; Appendixes: 1-8","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059523","costCenters":[{"id":550,"text":"Salton Sea Science Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333507,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1005/ofr20171005_appendix1to8.pdf","text":"Appendix 1 to 8","size":"1.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1005 Appendix 1 to 8"},{"id":333493,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1005/ofr20171005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.99 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U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Suite 5000
Sacramento, CA 95819
https://www.usgs.gov/science/regions/pacific
","tableOfContents":"The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is implementing a landscape approach to resource management (hereafter, landscape approach) to more effectively work with partners and understand the effects of management decisions. A landscape approach is a set of concepts and principles used to guide resource management when multiple stakeholders are involved and goals include diverse and sustainable social, environmental, and economic outcomes. Core principles of a landscape approach include seeking meaningful participation of diverse stakeholders, considering diverse resource values in multifunctional landscapes, acknowledging the tradeoffs needed to meet diverse objectives in the context of sustainable resource management, and addressing the complexity of social and ecological processes by embracing interdisciplinarity and considering multiple and broad spatial and temporal perspectives.
In chapter 1, we outline the overall goal of this report: to provide a conceptual foundation and framework for implementing a landscape approach to resource management in the BLM, focusing on the role of multiscale natural resource monitoring and assessment information. In chapter 2, we describe a landscape approach to resource management. BLM actions taken to implement a landscape approach include a major effort to compile broad-scale data on natural resource status and condition across much of the west. These broadscale data now provide a regional context for interpreting monitoring data collected at individual sites and informing decisions made for local projects. We also illustrate the utility of using multiscale data to understand potential effects of different resource management decisions, define relevant terms in landscape ecology, and identify spatial scales at which planning and management decisions may be evaluated.
In chapter 3, we describe how the BLM Rapid Ecoregional Assessment program and Assessment, Inventory and Monitoring program may be integrated to provide the multiscale monitoring data needed to inform a landscape approach. We propose six core, broad-scale indicators of natural resource status and condition: the amount, spatial distribution, patch size and connectivity of ecosystems and wildlife habitats, and the pattern of existing development across the landscape. Additional supplemental broad-scale indicators may include fire return intervals, distributions of invasive species, and vulnerability of ecosystems to a changing climate. Landscape intactness is an additional derived indicator that is calculated from one or more of the core and supplemental broad-scale indicators. We then outline a process for assessing broad-scale indicators that is consistent with the overall BLM Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring process, facilitating development of a multiscale natural resource monitoring program. Finally, we describe how broad-scale indicators of natural resource status and condition may guide field monitoring implemented through the BLM Assessment, Inventory and Monitoring program and help address complex management questions.
In chapter 4, we consider the specific question of assessing the ecological integrity of rangelands across the western United States. We first define ecological integrity and its relation to land health. We then suggest that a combination of six local-scale indicators collected through field sampling at individual sites and five complementary broad-scale indicators together provide information on the composition, structure, and function of rangelands. The terrestrial monitoring indicators collected at the level of individual field sites are the amount of bare ground, vegetation composition (including invasive plants and plants of management concern), vegetation height, and the proportion of the soil surface in large intercanopy gaps. The broad-scale indicators are vegetation amount, distribution, patch size, connectivity, and productivity, along with the pattern of terrestrial development. Our suggested approach to quantifying ecological integrity focuses specifically on informing management of public lands for multiple resource uses, and illustrates how existing data collected through BLM monitoring and assessment programs may be used together to provide multiscale information on land condition across broad extents.
In chapter 5, we develop a method for quantifying landscape intactness and apply this method to the western United States. Our multiscale index of landscape intactness is designed to be defensible, decomposable, and easy to understand. The foundation of the multiscale index of landscape intactness is the surface disturbance footprint of anthropogenic development, including energy and urban development, roads and railroads, cultivated croplands, surface mines and quarries, and energy transmission lines and pipelines. The index represents a gradient of anthropogenic influence as represented by development summarized at two spatial scales of analysis: 2.5 and 20 kilometers. We provide several example applications of the index, illustrating how these data may inform natural resource decisions at the spatial extent of BLM field and district offices, states, ecoregions, and the western United States. We find that 19.2 percent of lands managed by the BLM across the 17 western states of the conterminous United States had the highest landscape intactness. The largest intact areas occur on public lands at high elevations or in the Great Basin.
We believe the frameworks, processes, and analyses provided in this report will improve the ability of the BLM to identify and evaluate potential direct and indirect effects of management actions (such as habitat restoration and renewable energy development), and assist the BLM in further implementing a landscape approach to resource management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Carter, S.K., Carr, N.B., Miller, K.H., and Wood, D.J.A., eds., 2017, Multiscale guidance and tools for implementing a landscape approach to resource management in the Bureau of Land Management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1207, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161207.","productDescription":"ix, 79 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067654","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438449,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ZU0R9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Terrestrial Development Index for the Western United States: 1-kilometer moving window"},{"id":438448,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75H7DCW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A Multiscale Index of Landscape Intactness for the Western U.S."},{"id":333376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1207/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":333377,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1207/ofr20161207.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1207"},{"id":345199,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/57d8779de4b090824ff9acfb","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A Multiscale Index of Landscape Intactness for the Western United States"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526–8118
Peatlands play an important role in boreal ecosystems, storing a large amount of soil organic carbon. In northern ecosystems, collapse-scar bogs (also known as thermokarst bogs) often form as the result of ground subsidence following permafrost thaw. To examine how ecosystem carbon balance changes with the loss of permafrost, we measured carbon and nitrogen storage within a thermokarst bog and the surrounding forest, which continues to have permafrost. These sites are a part of the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site and are located within Interior Alaska. Here, we report on methods used for core collection analysis as well as the cores’ physical, chemical, and descriptive properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161173","usgsCitation":"Manies, K.L., Fuller, C.C., Jones, M.C., Waldrop, M.P., and McGeehin, J.P., 2017, Soil data for a thermokarst bog and the surrounding permafrost plateau forest, located at Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Site, Interior Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1173, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161173.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076806","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333517,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1173/ofr20161173_appendix.zip","text":"Data Files","size":"173 kB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016–1173 Data 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\"}}]}","contact":"Contact Information
Soil Carbon Research - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 962
Menlo Park, CA 94025
https://carbon.wr.usgs.gov/
https://carbon.wr.usgs.gov/people.html