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No turtles were observed or caught in the Meadowlands at two trapping sites that were the most heavily contaminated by metals. Snapping turtles from the brackish-water area had an unusually low lipid content of body fat and reduced growth compared to turtles from the fresh-water areas in New Jersey and Maryland. Despite the serious metal contamination of the Hackensack Meadowlands, the metal content of kidneys and livers from New Jersey turtles was low and not greatly different from that of the Maryland turtles. Organochlorine pesticide concentrations in body fat were generally low at all three study areas. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations in fat were highest in male turtles from the New Jersey brackish-water area. Analysis of blood for amino-levulinic acid dehydratase, albumin, glucose, hemoglobin, osmolality, packed cell volume, total protein, triglycerides, and uric acid failed to reveal any differences among groups that would indicate physiological impairment related to contaminants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055247","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., Sileo, L., and Mulhern, B., 1986, Effects of environmental contaminants on snapping turtles of a tidal wetland: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 39-49, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055247.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New 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,{"id":5222150,"text":"5222150 - 1986 - Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T13:30:19","indexId":"5222150","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi","docAbstract":"We obtained esophageal food samples from 311 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and 94 wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and body weights from 2,118 mallards and 315 wood ducks in western Mississippi during December and January 1979-83. On average, mallards ingested 3.0% animal food, principally aquatic invertebrates, and 97.0% plant food. Rice, soybeans, and seeds of 'moist soil' plants provided 41.3, 41.6, and 10-11% of the total food intake. Wood ducks ingested nearly 100% plant food, of which 23.4% was soybeans and 74.3% was acorns from Nuttall (Quercus nuttallii), water (Q. nigra), and willow oaks (Q. phellos). Mallard food use varied with water conditions; the use of rice decreased and soybeans increased during 1980-81 when cumulative November-January precipitation was < 50% of normal. Wood duck food use varied with habitat; the diet included more acorns at sites having larger acreages of intact bottomland hardwood forest. Mallard and wood duck body weights varied within and among winters. Mallard weights decreased by about 2% from December to January each year. We considered this a regulated loss, whereas we attributed increases and decreases of 4-5% in average weights during wet and dry winters to changes in feeding opportunities associated with winter precipitation. Wood duck weights followed similar trends. We concluded that continued drainage in the Mississippi Delta will adversely affect waterfowl foraging opportunities, and that research on winter feeding ecology will progress more rapidly if we develop an understanding of the foraging efficiencies associated with alternate food resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3801486","usgsCitation":"Delnicki, D., and Reinecke, K.J., 1986, Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801486.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research 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,{"id":5222158,"text":"5222158 - 1986 - Discrimination learning in adult bobwhite quail fed paraquat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T16:12:51.403705","indexId":"5222158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrimination learning in adult bobwhite quail fed paraquat","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adult male bobwhite quail (</span><i>Colinus virginianus</i><span>) were fed a diet containing 0, 25 or 100 ppm paraquat dichloride. After 60 d on treated diets, discrimination learning was evaluated with acquisition and reversal tests. The three groups performed similarly on these tests. Dose-related histopathological lesions were not found in liver, kidney or lung tissues.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620050309","usgsCitation":"Bunck, C., Bunck, T., and Sileo, L., 1986, Discrimination learning in adult bobwhite quail fed paraquat: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 5, no. 3, p. 295-298, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050309.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, T.J.","contributorId":73706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222159,"text":"5222159 - 1986 - Constant-parameter capture-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:46:01.155272","indexId":"5222159","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constant-parameter capture-recapture models","docAbstract":"Jolly (1982, Biometrics 38, 301-321) presented modifications of the Jolly-Seber model for capture-recapture data, which assume constant survival and/or capture rates. Where appropriate, because of the reduced number of parameters, these models lead to more efficient estimators than the Jolly-Seber model. The tests to compare models given by Jolly do not make complete use of the data, and we present here the appropriate modifications, and also indicate how to carry out goodness-of-fit tests which utilize individual capture history information. We also describe analogous models for the case where young and adult animals are tagged. The availability of computer programs to perform the analysis is noted, and examples are given using output from these programs.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2531206","usgsCitation":"Brownie, C., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 1986, Constant-parameter capture-recapture models: Biometrics, v. 42, no. 3, p. 561-574, https://doi.org/10.2307/2531206.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222154,"text":"5222154 - 1986 - Incorrect inferences regarding the effects of hunting on survival rates of American black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5222154","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorrect inferences regarding the effects of hunting on survival rates of American black ducks","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Published under 'Comments'","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., and Krementz, D., 1986, Incorrect inferences regarding the effects of hunting on survival rates of American black ducks: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 14, no. 3, p. 326-328.","productDescription":"326-328","startPage":"326","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17701,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782257","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222161,"text":"5222161 - 1986 - Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:03:30.339162","indexId":"5222161","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), an endangered hawk, has a unique mating system in Florida (Beissinger and Snyder 1987): when food is abundant, males or females desert their mates at nearly equal frequency (ambisexual mate desertion) in the midst of a nesting cycle. I examined the demographic and environmental constraints selecting for a clutch size that permits one parent to desert, yet optimizes the number of offspring produced by each parent. Demographic studies, conducted from 1979—1983, indicated that kites have (1) a very high nest failure rate (° = 68%) due most often to unstable nest sites and predation, (2) a variable nesting season (5—10 mo/yr), (3) an early age of first reproduction for a bird this size (10 mo), (4) a high degree of iteroparity (double and potentially triple clutching within a season), and (5) unstable populations. Both nesting success and population size were directly related to Everglades water levels and resultant snail densities. Kites responded to large annual changes in food abundance, not by adjusting clutch size but by deserting their mates and presumably attempting to renest. Kite demographic traits appear to be adaptations to or results of an uncertain environment. Based on 67 yr of Everglades water levels, environmental predictability, measured by spectral analysis and Colwell's (1974) index, was low and influenced by water management regimes: (1) water levels were lowered, (2) annual variation in levels increased and annual cycles became stronger, (3) the period length of long—term drought—flood cycles shifted from 10 or more yr toward 5 yr, and (4) levels became a less predictive cue for favorable nesting conditions. A potential evolutionary pathway from biparental care to mate desertion in Snail Kites is proposed. It is unlikely that mate desertion evolved solely from a context of conflict between the sexes, because kite nesting success is so low that it is probably maladaptive for a parent to desert and jeopardize the survival of any of its first brood. Instead, mate desertion behavior probably evolved in response to a smaller average clutch size; this would allow females to be highly iteroparous and avoid the costs of overinvestment, and should be strongly favored in a highly uncertain environment. Analysis of clutches in museum collections suggests that an apparent decline in clutch size may have occurred in Florida during the past century. The potential for ambisexual mate desertion to occur in other vertebrates is during the past century. The potential for ambisexual mate desertion to occur in other vertebrates is examined.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939076","usgsCitation":"Beissinger, S., 1986, Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite: Ecology, v. 67, no. 6, p. 1445-1459, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939076.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1445","endPage":"1459","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beissinger, Steven","contributorId":176118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beissinger","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222151,"text":"5222151 - 1986 - Effects on fawn survival of multiple immobilizations of captive pregnant white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5222151","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects on fawn survival of multiple immobilizations of captive pregnant white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"Fawn viability was tested in captive, pregnant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) immobilized with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and reversed by yohimbine hydrochloride or tolazoline hydrochloride. Nine pregnant does were immobilized 10 times each from December 1984 to May 1985. Their mean parturition date was 8 June. The number of fawns produced per pregnant doe was 1.88. Mean weight of newborn fawns was 4.18 kg. Seventy-five percent of the does produced twins or triplets. Three (20%) fawns died postnatally within 48 hr, but the remaining 12 survived for the full 72 hr they were allowed to remain with their dams. These observations compare favorably with those of non-immobilized captive deer on similar diets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G., Mech, L., Paul, W., and Karns, P.D., 1986, Effects on fawn survival of multiple immobilizations of captive pregnant white-tailed deer: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 22, no. 2, p. 245-248.","productDescription":"245-248","startPage":"245","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17703,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/reprint/22/2/245","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60faa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, G. D.","contributorId":33415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"G. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, W.J.","contributorId":60579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karns, Patrick D.","contributorId":39884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karns","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224870,"text":"5224870 - 1986 - Use of an inactivated eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine in cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224870","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":704,"text":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of an inactivated eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine in cranes","docAbstract":"An unprecedented outbreak of fatal eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus occurred during the late summer and fall of 1984 in endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland.  As part of efforts to prevent future epizootics of EEE. studies were conducted to evaluate the antibody response of cranes following vaccination with a formalin-inactivated EEE virus vaccine.     Viral specific neutralizing antibody was elicited in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and whooping cranes following 1M inoculation with the vaccine.  Among the 1M-inoculated cranes, peak antibody titers of 1:80 on days 30 to 60 had waned to undetectable levels by days 90 to 120.  Although the initial titers were not increased by the first booster dose, the duration of the antibody was extended considerably.  Whooping cranes, receiving vaccine 6 months after their first vaccination, developed titers of 1:80 to 1:320 by day 30.  At 45 days after the final vaccination, these titers had dropped to 1:10 to 1:160.  Cranes with preexisting EEE virus antibody, apparently reflecting natural infection, exhibited an anamnestic response indicated by a rapid increase and sustained high antibody titer.  Even though EEE virus vaccine induced neutralizing antibody and produced no adverse side effects, further studies will be required to assess the significance of this response as a strategy for protecting whooping cranes against natural EEE virus infection.     The loss of captive whooping cranes to the EEE virus presented a previously unrecognized risk and obstacle to recovery of this species.  Not only was, there a setback in the captive breeding and reintroduction program for the whooping crane, but, because of the susceptibility of the species to the EEE virus. establishment of additional crane populations may be more complicated than initially envisioned.  However, through continued surveillance, serological monitoring, and vaccination activities, we are confident that the impact of EEE virus on whooping crane recovery can be overcome to the ultimate benefit of this endangered species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Edited by M.S. Silberman and Suzanne D. Silberman  6931_Carpenter.pdf","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J.W., Dein, F., Clark, G., Watts, D., and Crabbs, C., 1986, Use of an inactivated eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine in cranes: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings, v. 1986.","productDescription":"88 (abstract)","startPage":"88 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1986","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dein, F. J.","contributorId":97030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, G.G.","contributorId":68275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watts, D.M.","contributorId":72886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crabbs, C.L.","contributorId":51265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabbs","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5221527,"text":"5221527 - 1986 - Estimation of the proportion of an area occupied by an animal species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:50","indexId":"5221527","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":745,"text":"American Statistical Association, Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of the proportion of an area occupied by an animal species","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Statistical Association, Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Geissler, P., and Fuller, M., 1986, Estimation of the proportion of an area occupied by an animal species: American Statistical Association, Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, v. 1986, p. 533-538.","productDescription":"533-538","startPage":"533","endPage":"538","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1986","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223559,"text":"5223559 - 1986 - Nesting of the masked booby on the Dry Tortugas, Florida:  The first record for the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T13:06:14","indexId":"5223559","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting of the masked booby on the Dry Tortugas, Florida:  The first record for the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"<p>In both 1984 and 1985 Masked Boobies (<i>Sula dactylatra</i>) attempted to nest on sandy islets at the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Nesting attempts failed because the nest sites were washed away by summer storms. It seems likely that this species will eventually nest there successfully and will establish a small breeding population. This is the first documented nesting by this species in the contiguous United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Colonial Waterbird Society","publisherLocation":"Elgin, IL","doi":"10.2307/1521152","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., and Robertson, W., 1986, Nesting of the masked booby on the Dry Tortugas, Florida:  The first record for the contiguous United States: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 1, p. 113-116, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521152.","productDescription":"113-116","startPage":"113","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Torgugas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.869873046875,\n              24.62938542886063\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.87064552307129,\n              24.6309458596427\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8724479675293,\n              24.631492005813232\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8750228881836,\n              24.63032168966796\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.87562370300293,\n              24.627512886203856\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.87519454956053,\n              24.625172168430968\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.87287712097167,\n              24.625094143750292\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8713321685791,\n              24.625952412559027\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86832809448242,\n              24.625250193062943\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86626815795898,\n              24.62439191943259\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86334991455077,\n              24.62368969117008\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86120414733887,\n              24.62501611902092\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86111831665039,\n              24.627903001570964\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86343574523926,\n              24.62993158185065\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86652565002441,\n              24.630165646687182\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86892890930174,\n              24.629853560141072\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.869873046875,\n              24.62938542886063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af5a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, W.R. Jr.","contributorId":105019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"W.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223558,"text":"5223558 - 1986 - Range extension for the gray-backed tern in the western Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:16:25.301724","indexId":"5223558","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range extension for the gray-backed tern in the western Pacific","docAbstract":"About 75 pairs of Gray-backed Terns (Sterna lunata) nested on Guguan in the Northern Mariana Islands in 1979. This locality represents a breeding range extension of about 2000 km to the west of the westernmost previously known colony. The species is also reported for the first time from Uracas, northernmost of the Northern Mariana Islands, where it may also breed.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521151","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., and Hatch, J., 1986, Range extension for the gray-backed tern in the western Pacific: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 1, p. 110-112, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521151.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201888,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, J.J.","contributorId":76860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223552,"text":"5223552 - 1986 - A black-headed grosbeak specimen from Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223552","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A black-headed grosbeak specimen from Virginia","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1986, A black-headed grosbeak specimen from Virginia: Raven, v. 57, p. 1-3.","productDescription":"1-3","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b11d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223158,"text":"5223158 - 1986 - Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5223158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1397,"text":"Dissertation Abstracts International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria)","docAbstract":"Captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) were maintained ad libitum on five diets during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 to evaluate the effects of varying protein and energy levels on feed intake and condition. Diets were formulated to simulate either a natural diet high in invertebrates or one high in vegetation. Two diets low in protein and energy simulated stress diets.       Feed intake during the 1979-80 winter, when diets varied the most, was 30% higher for canvasbacks fed the low energy (1543 kcal/kg) diet than for canvasbacks fed the high energy (3638 kcal/kg) diet. Body weight of males and females did not differ between groups fed different diets, but there were seasonal differences (P < 0.05) for both sexes aggregated across diets. Feed intake and body weights were greatest in November and April and least in January and February. Convasbacks lost weight and ate less during the most stressful periods despite ad libitum feed supplies. No differences could be detected in the behavior of captive canvasbacks as a result of the diets they received. Differences due to season and sex were observed for some behaviors. Inactivity increased (P < 0.05) during the winter apparently as a mechanism to conserve energy.Overall, captive canvasbacks were able to maintain themselves during winter on diets with as little as 10% protein and 1543 kcal/kg provided adequate quantities of food were available. Availability of low energy food (e.g. clams) may be the limiting factor in regard to winter survival of wild canvasbacks. The distribution and abundance of canvasbacks in some wintering areas ultimately has been influenced by the quantity and probably the quality of available nutrients.Data from this study indicate that canvasbacks are unable to adjust intake rates to compensate for low energy foods and may subsequently store less fat or modify behavior and microclimate. However, decreased weight, feed intake, and activity of ducks fed ad libitum rations occurred in mid-winter irrespective of diet quality and appeared to be an endogenous component of their annual cycle which persists in captivity. These changes apparently have a selective advantage of increasing the probability of survival in ducks by decreasing energy expenditure during periods of winter stress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dissertation Abstracts International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1986, Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria): Dissertation Abstracts International, v. 46B, no. 10.","productDescription":"3291 (abstract)","startPage":"3291 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46B","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223513,"text":"5223513 - 1986 - Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223513","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names","docAbstract":"The name Fuligula mariloides Vigors, presently used by many authors for a subspecies of the Greater Scaup, Aythya marila, was originally proposed for the Lesser Scaup, A. afinis, and may not be used in combination with the name marila. The name mariloides has been applied to a population of Greater Scaup in Kamchatka and the Commander Islands, supposedly distinguished by small size and dark dorsal color, or for that population and the one in North America, otherwise known as A. m. nearctica. Evidence for a subspecifically distinct population in eastern Asia is lacking, and A. marila is best considered to consist of only the Eurasian A. m. marila and the American A. m. nearctica. There is some interchange of the two subspecies in migration. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1986, Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 98, no. 3, p. 433-444.","productDescription":"433-444","startPage":"433","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v098n03/p0433-p0444.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, R.C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223511,"text":"5223511 - 1986 - Subspecies of the glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus (Aves: Charadriiformes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223511","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subspecies of the glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus (Aves: Charadriiformes)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1986, Subspecies of the glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus (Aves: Charadriiformes): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 99, p. 149-159.","productDescription":"149-159","startPage":"149","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, R.C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222155,"text":"5222155 - 1986 - Toxicity of methyl parathion to bats: Mortality and coordination loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T16:11:03.65529","indexId":"5222155","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of methyl parathion to bats: Mortality and coordination loss","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 24-h oral LD50 of methyl parathion (phosphorothioic acid&nbsp;</span><i>O, O</i><span>-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester) to little brown bats (</span><i>Myotis lucifugus</i><span>) (372 mg/kg) was 8.5 times the LD50 for mice (</span><i>Mus musculus</i><span>) (44 mg/kg). However, orally dosed mice either died or appeared behaviorally normal after 2 to 3 h, whereas many dosed bats, although alive at 24 h, could not right themselves when placed on their backs. The oral dose estimated to cause this loss of coordination in 50% of a sample of big brown bats (</span><i>Eptesicus fuscus</i><span>) was one-third or less the LD50 of this species. Cholinesterase activity depression in brains of little brown bats was similar whether dosage was oral or dermal. With death as the criterion, bats proved relatively insensitive to methyl parathion in 24-h tests, but considerations of the chemical's potential to cause coordination loss, leading to capture and death by predators, coupled with bats' naturally low reproductive rates, suggest possible injury to exposed bat populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620050210","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., 1986, Toxicity of methyl parathion to bats: Mortality and coordination loss: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 5, no. 2, p. 191-195, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050210.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223557,"text":"5223557 - 1986 - A summary of alcid records from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:22:56.933549","indexId":"5223557","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A summary of alcid records from Hawaii","docAbstract":"Abstract.-Four species of alcids have now been recorded frorn Hawaii. Two of them, the Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata and the Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramchus aleuticus) have been found only once; the occurrence of the latter is reported here for the first time. two other alcids, the Horned Puffin (Fratercula arctica) and the Parakeet .Auklet (Cyclorrhynchus psittacula) have been recorded frorn Hawaii in greater numbers; the latter may be of regular occurrence in subtropical waters near the northwestern portion of the Hawaiian archipelago. Occurrence in Hawaii does not appear to be strongly related to size of populations to the north but instead to the extent to which the species are known  to disperse.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521149","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1986, A summary of alcid records from Hawaii: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 1, p. 104-107, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521149.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222103,"text":"5222103 - 1986 - Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds:  Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T15:43:59.32452","indexId":"5222103","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds:  Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>Severe reproductive impacts were found in aquatic birds nesting on irrigation drainwater ponds in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Of 347 nests studied to late incubation or to hatching, 40.6% had at least one dead embryo and 19.6% had at least one embryo or chick with an obvious external anomaly. The deformities were often multiple and included missing or abnormal eyes, beaks, wings, legs and feet. Brain, heart, liver and skeletal anomalies were also present. Mean selenium concentrations in plants, invertebrates, and fish from the ponds were 22–175 ppm (dry weight), about 12 to 130 times those found at a nearby control area. Bird eggs (2.2–110 ppm) and livers (19–130 ppm) also contained elevated levels of selenium. Aquatic birds may experience similar problems in other areas where selenium occurs at elevated levels.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(86)90104-X","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Hoffman, D.J., Saiki, M.K., and Aldrich, T.W., 1986, Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds:  Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater: Science of the Total Environment, v. 52, no. 1-2, p. 49-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(86)90104-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge, San Joaquin Valley, Volta Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.11671447753908,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.58456420898436,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.58456420898436,\n              37.41761791871185\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11671447753908,\n              37.41761791871185\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11671447753908,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldrich, Thomas W.","contributorId":88311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222092,"text":"5222092 - 1986 - Reproductive toxicity of monocrotophos to bobwhite quail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-27T09:50:33","indexId":"5222092","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3105,"text":"Poultry Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive toxicity of monocrotophos to bobwhite quail","docAbstract":"Pairs of 1st-year breeding bobwhites were fed constant or decreasing concentrations of monocrotophos for 15 days. In addition, a control diet was used in a pair-fed group matched with the pairs in the constant group. Dietary concentrations for the constant group were logarithmically spaced at .100, .178, .316, .562, 1.000 ppm of actual insecticide and also at 0 ppm (control) for five pairs at each concentration. The beginning concentrations for the decreasing pairs were identical to the constant group but regularly decreased to reach 25% of the starting concentrations by Day 13. Food consumption, egg production, hatchability of eggs under artificial incubation, and survival of hatched chicks for 2 weeks were recorded pairwise during 15-day treatment and 14-day posttreatment periods. Mortality was high at the greatest constant concentration and in the associated pair-fed group. Food consumption and egg production rates were negatively dose-related during the treatment period in the constant and decreasing groups. The laying rate of pair-fed hens was reduced to the same extent as in the constant group. Reproductive inhibition was not permanent, and pairs resumed laying after a dose-related recovery interval. No dose-related effects on hatchability or chick survival were detected. There was no evidence of a pesticide effect on reproduction other than that exerted through pesticide-induced anorexia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Poultry Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Poultry Science Association","doi":"10.3382/ps.0650051","usgsCitation":"Stromborg, K., 1986, Reproductive toxicity of monocrotophos to bobwhite quail: Poultry Science, v. 65, no. 1, p. 51-57, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650051.","startPage":"51","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":198285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268430,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650051"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222126,"text":"5222126 - 1986 - Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:24:19","indexId":"5222126","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Reproductive problems, including congenital malformations, reduced hatching success, and decreased survival of hatchlings, have been  observed in colonial-nesting water birds at the San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (SFBNWR).  Twenty-four black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs were collected from SFBNWR in 1983.  Twelve of these were collected from separate nests when late-stage embryos were pipping, and an additional egg was randomly collected from each nest for organochlorine analysis.  Overt anomalies and skeletal defects were  not apparent. Embryonic weights (with partially absorbed yolk sacs removed) were 15% lower (p lt 0.05) in SFBNWR embryos compared to control embryos from the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC).  Crown-rump length and femur length were shorter for SFBNWR embryos.  The geometric mean polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration in SFBNWR eggs was 4.1 ppm wet weight, with a range of 0.8-52.0 ppm.  A negative correlation (r = - 0.61; p lt 0.05) existed between embryonic weight and log-transformed PCB residues in whole eggs collected from the  same nest at SFBNWR, suggesting a possible impact of PCBs on embryonic growth. A correlation with embryonic weight did not occur for DDE  (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) residues.  Liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was neither significantly elevated  nor correlated with PCB, DDE, or PCB plus DDE log-transformed residues.  It is unknown whether the apparent association between PCBs and lower weight is persistent through hatching.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287398609530936","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Rattner, B., Bunck, C., Krynitsky, A.J., Ohlendorf, H.M., and Lowe, R.W., 1986, Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 19, no. 3, p. 383-391, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530936.","productDescription":"383-391","startPage":"383","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269453,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530936"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d0ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowe, Roy W.","contributorId":50847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5230188,"text":"5230188 - 1986 - DDE, DDT + dieldrin:  Residues in American kestrels and relations to reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T20:37:29.973813","indexId":"5230188","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"DDE, DDT + dieldrin:  Residues in American kestrels and relations to reproduction","docAbstract":"Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) given long-term dietary dosages of DDT and dieldrin in combination, at low and high rates, were compared with controls to determine the effects of the toxicants on reproductive success and eggshell thickness.  Additional kestrels were dosed with DDE to determine its effect on shell thickness. Tissues of birds that died or were sacrificed, and eggs, were analyzed for DDE, DDD, DDT, and dieldrin. Eight paired birds, mostly males, given a high dosage of DDT + dieldrin died of dieldrin poisoning. Three periods of heavy mortality involving only dosed birds, which occurred in summer 1966, fall 1967, and spring 1968, followed temperature declines and other stress factors. Organochlorine concentrations in tissues of sacrificed birds and eggs in all units of the DDT + dieldrin study were significantly different among treatments. Residue concentrations in tissues of birds on high dosage of DDT + dieldrin were about 3 times higher than those on low dosage, a difference similar to the relative magnitude of the dose rates. Concentrations of some toxicants, especially DDE, were significantly higher in tissues of males than females, although these differences were difficult to interpret because males generally were sacrificed later than females. Concentrations in tissues and eggs of dosed yearlings, placed on clean food 7 to 9 weeks before pairing, were often significantly lower than in those yearlings that remained on dosage. Concentrations of each toxicant were usually highly correlated (r > 0.85) among tissues, especially for DDE and dieldrin. Organochlorine concentrations in brains and eggs could be predicted from concentrations in carcasses. DDE and dieldrin concentrations in eggs were about one-half those in carcasses, DDD about one-seventh, and DDT 1.5 to 2 times higher in eggs than carcasses. Eggshells of DDT + dieldrin-dosed kestrels were 6-23% thinner than eggshells of corresponding controls in different groups and years. Organochlorine concentrations in eggs and tissues of females were poorly correlated with shell thickness. Of the four toxicants in eggs, DDE was significantly and most closely correlated with fledging success. Interpretation of direct comparisons between our DDT + dieldrin studies and most current field situations are difficult because contaminant profiles in our birds are unlike those in most field samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"3399_Wiemeyer.pdf and 3399_Wiemeyer_OCR.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Porter, R.D., Hensler, G.L., and Maestrelli, J., 1986, DDE, DDT + dieldrin:  Residues in American kestrels and relations to reproduction: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 6, iii, 33.","productDescription":"iii, 33","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822008908071?urlappend=%3Bseq=7"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e4d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, Richard D.","contributorId":224624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maestrelli, J.R.","contributorId":75245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maestrelli","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5230159,"text":"5230159 - 1986 - Monitoring fish and wildlife for environmental contaminants: The National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5230159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"4","title":"Monitoring fish and wildlife for environmental contaminants: The National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Jacknow, J., Ludke, J., and Coon, N.C., 1986, Monitoring fish and wildlife for environmental contaminants: The National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program: Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 4, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924101435729?urlappend=%3Bseq=5"},{"id":202542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacknow, J.","contributorId":71297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacknow","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludke, J. Larry","contributorId":29033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludke","given":"J. Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coon, N. C.","contributorId":76695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5200071,"text":"5200071 - 1986 - Chromium Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:19:53","indexId":"5200071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 6 ; Biological Report 85(1.6)","title":"Chromium Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1986, Chromium Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 6 ; Biological Report 85(1.6), viii, 60.","productDescription":"viii, 60","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91917,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_6_Chromium.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e22e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5200069,"text":"5200069 - 1986 - Dioxin Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:22:29","indexId":"5200069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 8 ; Biological Report 85(1.8)","title":"Dioxin Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1986, Dioxin Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 8 ; Biological Report 85(1.8), viii, 37.","productDescription":"viii, 37","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91915,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_8_Dioxin.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5200070,"text":"5200070 - 1986 - Diazinon Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:23:57","indexId":"5200070","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 9 ; Biological Report 85(1.9)","title":"Diazinon Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1986, Diazinon Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates:  A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 9 ; Biological Report 85(1.9), vii, 37.","productDescription":"vii, 37","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91914,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_9_Diazinon.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65dace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}