{"pageNumber":"4825","pageRowStart":"120600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70039228,"text":"70039228 - 1986 - Wisconsin, a summary of water-resources activities of the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-04T01:01:57","indexId":"70039228","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-07T13:07:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Wisconsin, a summary of water-resources activities of the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey 1986","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/70039228","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Wisconsin, a summary of water-resources activities of the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey 1986: General Information Product, iv, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039228.","productDescription":"iv, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261408,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039228/report.pdf"},{"id":261409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039228/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9,42.5 ], [ -92.9,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,42.5 ], [ -92.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd16ee4b08c986b32f417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80369,"text":"fwsobs82_10_125 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Slider turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:14:47.937242","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_125","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.125","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Slider turtle","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Morreale, S.J., and Gibbons, J., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Slider turtle: FWS/OBS 82/10.125, vi, 14 p.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649783","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morreale, Stephen J.","contributorId":63483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morreale","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, J. Whitfield","contributorId":46584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"J. Whitfield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80367,"text":"fwsobs82_10_128 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:36:31.862853","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_128","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.128","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for evaluating potential species richness in shelterbelts. The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts: FWS/OBS 82/10.128, viii, 17 p.","productDescription":"viii, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80368,"text":"fwsobs82_10_129 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Shortnose sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:35:27.599638","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_129","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.129","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Shortnose sturgeon","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves for the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Crance, J.H., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Shortnose sturgeon: FWS/OBS 82/10.129, vi, 31 p.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crance, Johnie H.","contributorId":9326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crance","given":"Johnie","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80355,"text":"fwsobs82_10_121 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail (gulf coast wintering)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:38:13.295521","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_121","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.121","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail (gulf coast wintering)","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a model for evaluating wintering habitat quality for northern pintail (Anas acuta) along the Gulf of Mexico coast. The model is scaled to produce an index between unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimal habitat). Habitat suitability index models are designed for use with the Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Guidelines for model application and techniques for measuring model variables are provided.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., and Kantrud, H.A., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail (gulf coast wintering): FWS/OBS 82/10.121, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrud, Harold A.","contributorId":82375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80358,"text":"fwsobs82_10_119 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Redbreast sunfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:37:11.772049","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_119","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.119","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Redbreast sunfish","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves for the redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Aho, J.M., Anderson, C.S., and Terrell, J.W., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Redbreast sunfish: FWS/OBS 82/10.119, vi, 23 p.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aho, John M.","contributorId":107790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aho","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Charles S.","contributorId":9725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":80340,"text":"fwsobs82_10_120 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Inland silverside","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:39:18.794677","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_120","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.120","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Inland silverside","docAbstract":"<p>The systematics of the Meni di a complex have been evaluated by Johnson (1975), who could not distinguish biochemical differences between ~. beryllina and M. audens, and by Chernoff et al. (1981), who concluded that M. audens is conspecific with ~. beryllina. The two species have since been synonymized as ~. beryllina, the inland silverside. The result is a considerable extension of ~. beryllina's range into freshwater habitats.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, M.P., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Inland silverside: FWS/OBS 82/10.120, vi, 25 p.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64984c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, Michael P.","contributorId":63487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80343,"text":"fwsobs82_10_117 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser scaup (breeding)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:38:42.004879","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_117","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.117","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser scaup (breeding)","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the lesser scaup (Aythya affinis). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser scaup (breeding): FWS/OBS 82/10.117, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015008,"text":"70015008 - 1986 - Paleoceanographic and tectonic controls on deposition of the Monterey formation and related siliceous rocks in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T16:14:20.904085","indexId":"70015008","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoceanographic and tectonic controls on deposition of the Monterey formation and related siliceous rocks in California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The timing of paleoceanographic and tectonic events that shaped the deposition of the Monterey Formation of California and related siliceous rocks has been determined by application of a refined biochronology. The base of the Monterey at 17.5 Ma coincides with rising global sea level and a switch in biogenous silica deposition from the Caribbean and low-latitude North Atlantic to the North Pacific. Major polar cooling, which began at 15 Ma, postdates the base of the Monterey by more than 2 Ma and cannot be invoked to cause the deposition of diatomaceous sediments occurring in the lowermost Monterey. Later polar cooling in the early late Miocene, however, apparently caused increased upwelling and deposition of purer diatomites in the upper Monterey.</span></p><p><span>The top of the Monterey at about 6 Ma coincides with a major sea level drop and is commonly marked by an unconformity. Equivalent unconformities are widespread around the rim of the North Pacific and typically separate more pelagic sediments from overlying sediments with a greater terrigenous component. Above the Monterey, diatoms persist in California sediments to 4.5–4.0 m.y., where their decline coincides with increased deposition of diatoms in the Antarctic.</span></p><p><span>Carbon isotope records in the Pacific and Indian Oceans record storage of&nbsp;<sup>12</sup>C in the Monterey Formation and equivalent organic-rich sediments around the rim of the North Pacific. A +1.0‰ excursion in δ&nbsp;<sup>13</sup>C beginning at 17.5 Ma coincides with rising sea level and probably reflects storage of organic material in Monterey-like marginal reservoirs. A reverse −1.0‰ shift at 6.2 Ma closely approximates the top of the Monterey and may represent erosion of these marginal reservoirs and reintroduction of stored organic carbon into the ocean—atmosphere system.</span></p><p><span>Initiation of transform faulting and extension in the California margin in the latest Oligocene and early Miocene caused the subsidence of basins which later received Monterey sediments. A major tectonic event centered at 10–9 Ma, which included rotation of the Santa Barbara Basin and a change in Pacific plate motion, is recorded by an unconformity and/or interval of compressed sediments in many Monterey sections. Another change in plate motion at about 6 Ma may be expressed by the angular discordance observed in many sections across the unconformity at the top of the Monterey.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(86)90037-4","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Barron, J., 1986, Paleoceanographic and tectonic controls on deposition of the Monterey formation and related siliceous rocks in California: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 27-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(86)90037-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.8622624744776,\n              39.65710282764468\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.44918855296746,\n              37.49283786570502\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.25988475517457,\n              32.74588457543494\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63097709820659,\n              33.24795875386101\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26693298895623,\n              40.09654735569191\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.8622624744776,\n              39.65710282764468\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73b4e4b0c8380cd771c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, J.A. 0000-0002-9309-1145","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":95461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015563,"text":"70015563 - 1986 - Bajada de Rahue, Province of Neuquen, Argentina: An interstadial deposit in northern Patagonia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-13T13:38:36.201694","indexId":"70015563","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bajada de Rahue, Province of Neuquen, Argentina: An interstadial deposit in northern Patagonia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pollen and diatom analyses of a radiocarbon dated lacustrine section in the temperate Andean region of Argentina (Rahue, Province Neuquen) suggest interglacial type climatic conditions between 27,000 and 33,000 yr B.P., with environments that resemble the modern conditions at the locality. This finding correlates with a woodland record from central Chile, interpreted as reflecting conditions substantially warmer and drier prior to 27,000 yr B.P. than during the following full-glacial period. It also appears to relate to the global paleoclimatic scheme derived from deep-sea records, suggesting interhemispheric synchroneity of such broad-scale palaeoclimatic phases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(86)90097-0","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Markgraf, V., Bradbury, J., and Fernandez, J., 1986, Bajada de Rahue, Province of Neuquen, Argentina: An interstadial deposit in northern Patagonia: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 56, no. 3-4, p. 251-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(86)90097-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"258","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"northern Patagonia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.71610663693028,\n              -42.769406541950055\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.71610663693028,\n              -45.30671312372499\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.31859912003154,\n              -45.30671312372499\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.31859912003154,\n              -42.769406541950055\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.71610663693028,\n              -42.769406541950055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa8e4b0c8380cd4a3a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markgraf, Vera","contributorId":104228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markgraf","given":"Vera","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernandez, J.","contributorId":46229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015724,"text":"70015724 - 1986 - Carbonate apron models: Alternatives to the submarine fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:02:10.799323","indexId":"70015724","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate apron models: Alternatives to the submarine fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediment gravity flow deposition along the deep-water flanks of carbonate platforms typically does not produce submarine fans. Rather, wedge-shaped carbonate aprons develop parallel to the adjacent shelf/slope break. The major difference between submarine fans and carbonate aprons is a point source with channelized sedimentation on fans, versus a line source with sheet-flow sedimentation on aprons.</span></p><p><span>Two types of carbonate aprons may develop. Along relatively gentle (&lt; 4°) platform-margin slopes, aprons form immediately adjacent to the shallow-water platform and are referred to as&nbsp;<i>carbonate slope aprons</i>. Along relatively steep (4–15°) platform margin slopes, redeposited limestones accumulate in a base-of-slope setting, by-passing an upper slope via a multitude of small submarine canyons, and are referred to as&nbsp;<i>carbonate base-of-slope aprons</i>. Both apron types are further subdivided into inner and outer facies belts. Inner apron sediments consist of thick, mud-supported conglomerates and megabreccias (Facies F) as well as thick, coarse-grained turbidites (Facies A) interbedded with subordinate amounts of fine-grained, peri-platform ooze (Facies G). Outer apron sediments consist of thinner, grain-supported conglomerates and turbidites (Facies A) as well as classical turbidites (Facies C) with recognizable Bouma divisions, interbedded with approximately equal proportions of peri-platform ooze (Facies G). Seaward, aprons grade laterally into basinal facies of thin, base-cut-out carbonate turbidites (Facies D) that are subordinate to peri-platform oozes (Facies G).&nbsp;<i>Carbonate base-of-slope aprons</i>&nbsp;grade shelfward into an upper slope facies of fine-grained peri-platform ooze (Facies G) cut by numerous small canyons that are filled with coarse debris, as well as intraformational truncation surfaces which result from submarine sliding. In contrast,&nbsp;<i>slope aprons</i>&nbsp;grade shelfward immediately into shoal-water, platform-margin facies without an intervening by-pass slope. The two carbonate apron models presented here offer alternatives to the submarine-fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration for mass-transported carbonate facies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(86)90080-1","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Mullins, H., and Cook, H.E., 1986, Carbonate apron models: Alternatives to the submarine fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration: Sedimentary Geology, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 37-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(86)90080-1.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f36de4b0c8380cd4b7de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullins, H.T.","contributorId":76881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"H.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, H. E.","contributorId":18782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014542,"text":"70014542 - 1986 - Formation of the Shelf-edge Cretaceous-Tertiary contact off the southeastern U.S. Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T16:29:14.165332","indexId":"70014542","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of the Shelf-edge Cretaceous-Tertiary contact off the southeastern U.S. Coast","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submarine erosion, associated with changes in position of the proto-Gulf Stream, was the dominant mechanism controlling the formation of the Cretaceous-Tertiary unconformity in AMCOR borehole 6004. Paleontologic evidence indicates that this unconformity, which is marked by a gravelly-sand enriched in glauconitic and phosphoritic concretions, represents a hiatus of about 7 m.y. Both Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments contain middle-outer neritic foraminiferal assemblages that become more diverse with distance from the contact. Of the elemental abundances measured, Al, Ba, Co, Fe, Ga, K, Mg/Ca, Mo, Ni, P, Sr/Ca, V, Y, and Zn show a strong positive correlation with proximity to the contact, probably as a result of the concentration of authigenic and heavy minerals present as lag sediments on the erosion surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(86)90010-6","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Hathaway, J., Hall, R., and Commeau, R., 1986, Formation of the Shelf-edge Cretaceous-Tertiary contact off the southeastern U.S. Coast: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 57, no. 2-4, p. 117-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(86)90010-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"135","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.23544887113383,\n              33.57557193127283\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.50489910254373,\n              32.98365387174296\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.93483520257233,\n              31.21505022248195\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5182809332373,\n              28.801837148662386\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.12746155349689,\n              28.92026699293281\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.23544887113383,\n              33.57557193127283\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1359e4b0c8380cd5461d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hathaway, J.C.","contributorId":94280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, R.E.","contributorId":7007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Commeau, R.F.","contributorId":62194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014949,"text":"70014949 - 1986 - Deformation microstructures of Barre granite: An optical, Sem and Tem study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T16:50:21.318152","indexId":"70014949","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation microstructures of Barre granite: An optical, Sem and Tem study","docAbstract":"<p>New scanning electron microscope techniques have been developed for characterizing ductile deformation microstructures in felsic rocks. In addition, the thermomechanical history of the macroscopically undeformed Barre granite (Vermont, U.S.A.) has been reconstructed based on examination of deformation microstructures using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The microstructures reveal three distinct events: </p><p>1. (1) a low-stress, high-temperature event that produced subgrains in feldspars, and subgrains and recrystallized grains in quartz; </p><p>2. (2) a high-stress, low-temperature event that produced a high dislocation density in quartz and feldspars; and </p><p>3. (3) a lowest-temperature event that produced cracks, oriented primarily along cleavage planes in feldspars, and parallel to the macroscopic rift in quartz. The first two events are believed to reflect various stages in the intrusion and cooling history of the pluton, and the last may be related to the last stages of cooling, or to later tectonism.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(86)90164-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Schedl, A., Kronenberg, A.K., and Tullis, J., 1986, Deformation microstructures of Barre granite: An optical, Sem and Tem study: Tectonophysics, v. 122, no. 1-2, p. 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90164-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"164","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/26275>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":224394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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K.","contributorId":94787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kronenberg","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tullis, J.","contributorId":90984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tullis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015106,"text":"70015106 - 1986 - Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, to intrusive events along the rift systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T16:41:37.724639","indexId":"70015106","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, to intrusive events along the rift systems","docAbstract":"<div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Increased earthquake activity and compression of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, have been recognized by previous investigators to accompany rift intrusions. We further detail the temporal and spatial changes in earthquake rates and ground strain along the south flank induced by six major rift intrusions which occurred between December 1971 and January 1981. The seismic response of the south flank to individual rift intrusions is immediate; the increased rate of earthquake activity lasts from 1 to 4 weeks. Horizontal strain measurements indicate that compression of the south flank usually accompanies rift intrusions and eruptions. Emplacement of an intrusion at a depth greater than about 4 km, such as the June 1982 southwest rift intrusion, however, results in a slight extension of the subaerial portion of the south flank.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Horizontal strain measurements along the south flank are used to locate the January 1983 east-rift intrusion, which resulted in eruptive activity. The intrusion is modeled as a vertical rectangular sheet with constant displacement perpendicular to the plane of the sheet. This model suggests that the intrusive body that compressed the south flank in January 1983 extended from the surface to about 2.4 km depth, and was aligned along a strike of N66°E. The intrusion is approximately 11 km in length, extended beyond the January 1983 eruptive fissures, which are 8 km in length and is contained within the 14-km-long region of shallow rift earthquakes.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(86)90200-3","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Dvorak, J., Okamura, A., English, T., Koyanagi, R.Y., Nakata, J.S., Sako, M., Tanigawa, W., and Yamashita, K., 1986, Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, to intrusive events along the rift systems: Tectonophysics, v. 124, no. 3-4, p. 193-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90200-3.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"209","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.46126003973447,\n              19.32313934378122\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.46126003973447,\n              19.19866425187726\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2306109623595,\n              19.19866425187726\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2306109623595,\n              19.32313934378122\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.46126003973447,\n              19.32313934378122\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a535ce4b0c8380cd6ca13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dvorak, J.J.","contributorId":52597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dvorak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okamura, A.T.","contributorId":70400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"English, T.T.","contributorId":49799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nakata, J. S.","contributorId":23940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sako, M. K.","contributorId":50152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"M. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tanigawa, W.T.","contributorId":56383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanigawa","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yamashita, K.M.","contributorId":54603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamashita","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70015037,"text":"70015037 - 1986 - Trace metal seasonal variations in Texas marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-09T16:32:40.778053","indexId":"70015037","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metal seasonal variations in Texas marine sediments","docAbstract":"<p>Trace elements in coastal environments are derived from three major sources: (1) the bordering watershed; (2) the offshore marine environment; and (3) industrial and/or urban effluent. The site of deposition, however, is controlled by physical and chemical processes in the coastal zone. In many cases, these processes are controlled by climate and can vary seasonally. In the harbor at Corpus Christi, Texas, the summer climate creates an oxygen-poor environment in the water column near the sediment-water interface. This causes chalcophilic metals to precipitate from the water, resulting in high concentrations in the sediments near the source. During the winter, turbulence created by strong winds causes the entire water mass to become aerated and oxidizing, and remobilization of some metals results. In addition, this turbulence accelerates circulation which transports the metal-enriched waters from the harbor. On the outer continental shelf of south Texas, the infaunal activity varies seasonally with bottom water temperatures. As this infaunal activity has an effect on the chemical environment within the sediment near the sediment-water interface, the observed trace metal content at the interface also appears to change with the seasons.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-4203(86)90063-0","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., 1986, Trace metal seasonal variations in Texas marine sediments: Marine Chemistry, v. 20, no. 1, p. 13-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(86)90063-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Corpus Christi Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.53799859591571,\n              27.92200518343587\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.53799859591571,\n              27.674539435968114\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.06820568034911,\n              27.674539435968114\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.06820568034911,\n              27.92200518343587\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.53799859591571,\n              27.92200518343587\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb66fe4b08c986b326c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015667,"text":"70015667 - 1986 - Groundwater model of the Blue River basin, Nebraska-Twenty years later","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:25:32.00409","indexId":"70015667","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater model of the Blue River basin, Nebraska-Twenty years later","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater flow models have become almost a routine tool of the practicing hydrologist. Yet, surprisingly little attention has been given to true verification analysis of studies using these models. This paper examines predictions for 1982 of water-level declines and streamflow depletions that were made in 1965 using an electric analog groundwater model of the Blue River basin in southeastern Nebraska. Analysis of the model's predictions suggests that the analog model used too low an estimate of net groundwater withdrawals, yet overestimated water-level declines. The model predicted that almost all of the net groundwater pumpage would come from storage in the Pleistocene aquifer within the Blue River basin. It appears likely that the model underestimated the contributions of other sources of water to the pumpage, and that the aquifer storage coefficients used in the model were too low. There is some evidence that groundwater pumpage has had a greater than predicted effect on streamflow. Considerable uncertainty about the basic conceptualization of the hydrology of the Blue River basin greatly limits the reliability of groundwater models developed for the basin. The paper concludes with general perspectives on groundwater modeling gained from this post-audit analysis.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90058-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Emery, P.A., 1986, Groundwater model of the Blue River basin, Nebraska-Twenty years later: Journal of Hydrology, v. 85, no. 3-4, p. 225-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90058-2.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Blue River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.95009987605386,\n              41.428729545197314\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.95009987605386,\n              40.049780894036104\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.22563000651064,\n              40.049780894036104\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.22563000651064,\n              41.428729545197314\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.95009987605386,\n              41.428729545197314\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2daae4b0c8380cd5bf94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015068,"text":"70015068 - 1986 - Use of the chloride ion in determining hydrologic-basin water budgets - A 3-year case study in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:16:38.103513","indexId":"70015068","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the chloride ion in determining hydrologic-basin water budgets - A 3-year case study in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Measurement of chloride concentration and water equivalent in precipitation and recharge at a site can be extrapolated to determine available moisture in a nearby basin. This method also may be extrapolated to a basin with similar climatic characteristics if precipitation, vegetation, and topographic data are available. The average accuracy of the total of evaporation, recharge, and runoff (assuming no storage) was about 10% of total precipitation. Soil-moisture measurements indicate the entire 10% error in moisture balance can be attributed to annual changes in storage. Data requirements for the method are considerably less than data requirements for energy-budget methods to determine available moisture. </p><p>Potential applications of the method to hydrologic problem-solving are: </p><p>1. (1) Estimating total available moisture from chloride concentrations in groundwater or surface water or both. </p><p>2. (2) Modeling paleoclimate scenarios and evaluating their correctness by comparison with paleo-groundwater chloride concentrations. </p><p>3. (3) Providing an independent comparison for water budgets obtained by energy-budget methods. Obviously the method cannot be applied readily to systems with a lithologic source of chloride. Most systems primarily consisting of tuff, intrusive volcanic rock, nonmarine sediments, quartzite, and other metamorphic rocks will be suitable for application of the model.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90076-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H., Reddy, M., and Halm, D., 1986, Use of the chloride ion in determining hydrologic-basin water budgets - A 3-year case study in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 85, no. 1-2, p. 49-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90076-4.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.26236941271583,\n              37.973786790349635\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.26236941271583,\n              37.32252264711801\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.96577592186041,\n              37.32252264711801\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.96577592186041,\n              37.973786790349635\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.26236941271583,\n              37.973786790349635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf9de4b08c986b329c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halm, D.R.","contributorId":54352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015711,"text":"70015711 - 1986 - A boundary element-Random walk model of mass transport in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:20:17.386258","indexId":"70015711","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A boundary element-Random walk model of mass transport in groundwater","docAbstract":"<p>A boundary element solution to the convective mass transport in groundwater is presented. This solution produces a continuous velocity field and reduces the amount of data preparation time and bookkeeping. </p><p>By combining this solution and the random walk procedure, a convective-dispersive mass transport model is obtained. This model may be easily used to simulate groundwater contamination problems. </p><p>The accuracy of the boundary element model has been verified by reproducing the analytical solution to a two-dimensional convective mass transport problem. The method was also used to simulate a convective-dispersive problem.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90062-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kemblowski, M., 1986, A boundary element-Random walk model of mass transport in groundwater: Journal of Hydrology, v. 85, no. 3-4, p. 305-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90062-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"318","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e32ce4b0c8380cd45e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemblowski, M.","contributorId":54340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemblowski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015631,"text":"70015631 - 1986 - Groundwater flow into Lake Michigan from Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:08:31.924749","indexId":"70015631","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow into Lake Michigan from Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed hydrogeological study has been done at six sites along the Lake Michigan shoreline in Wisconsin. At each site a flux of groundwater to the lake has been calculated for both natural conditions and the existing conditions created by pumping. The values from each site have then been extrapolated to the entire portion of the total shoreline having similar hydrogeology in order to calculate a total flow of groundwater to the lake. Sensitivity analysis with a digital model was used to define limits on the similarity of hydrogeologic conditions.</span></p><p><span>The net flow calculated is 580–880 m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;day<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;km<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;of shoreline, which falls within the previously published range of 110–8200 m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;day<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;km<sup>−1</sup>. Human activity may have reduced the natural flow as much as 15%. The estimated natural flow is between 7 and 11% of the surface water contribution to the lake from the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90126-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cherkauer, D., and Hensel, B., 1986, Groundwater flow into Lake Michigan from Wisconsin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 84, no. 3-4, p. 261-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90126-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"271","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.29697155974961,\n              45.254760089058976\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.89261675173874,\n              45.254760089058976\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.89261675173874,\n              42.57857557165951\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.29697155974961,\n              42.57857557165951\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.29697155974961,\n              45.254760089058976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da2e4b0c8380cd5bf6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherkauer, D.S.","contributorId":62756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkauer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensel, B.R.","contributorId":83669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015693,"text":"70015693 - 1986 - Limnological characteristics of selected lakes in the Nebraska sandhills, U.S.A., and their relation to chemical characteristics of adjacent ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:44:57.77595","indexId":"70015693","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnological characteristics of selected lakes in the Nebraska sandhills, U.S.A., and their relation to chemical characteristics of adjacent ground water","docAbstract":"<p>Limnological characteristics of Crane, Hackberry, Island and Roundup Lakes, and chemical characteristics of shallow ground water, within the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge, western Nebraska, were determined during a preliminary investigation of the interaction between lakes and ground water in this study area between 1980 and 1984. When ice cover was absent, the lakes were well-mixed vertically, regardless of season. Depth to which 1% of surface illumination penetrated was commonly less than 1m. Variability in light penetration, as measured by Secchidisk transparency, appeared to be unrelated to changes in algal biomass, even though algal biomass, measured as chlorophyll a, varied seasonally within a two-order-of-magnitude range. Blue-green algae were the most abundant phytoplankton; this condition occurred most often when the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus in the lakes' water was less than 29. Although rotifers and copepod naupli commonly were the most abundant zooplankton in the lakes, cladocerans were dominant occasionally. </p><p>Either sodium or calcium was the most abundant cation, and bicarbonate was the most abundant anion, in water from water-table wells and lakes sampled during the study. The second most abundant cation in the ground water was related to the location of the sampled well within the ground-water system. The lakes were a source of dissolved organic carbon seeping to ground water. Chemical and hydrologic data indicate there is interaction between lakes and ground water in the study area.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90168-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"La Baugh, J., 1986, Limnological characteristics of selected lakes in the Nebraska sandhills, U.S.A., and their relation to chemical characteristics of adjacent ground water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 279-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90168-X.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"298","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224112,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.61257459658773,\n              41.85817501335205\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.61257459658773,\n              41.644374217183724\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.14500338642002,\n              41.644374217183724\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.14500338642002,\n              41.85817501335205\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.61257459658773,\n              41.85817501335205\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a479de4b0c8380cd678f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Baugh, J.W.","contributorId":46226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Baugh","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015540,"text":"70015540 - 1986 - On the nature of persistence in dendrochronologic records with implications for hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:49:17.845575","indexId":"70015540","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the nature of persistence in dendrochronologic records with implications for hydrology","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic processes are generally held to be persistent and not secularly independent. Impetus for this view was given by Hurst in his work which dealt with properties of the rescaled range of many types of long geophysical records, in particular dendrochronologic records, in addition to hydrologic records. Mandelbrot introduced an infinite memory stationary process, the fractional Gaussian noise process (F), as an explanation for Hurst's observations. This is in contrast to other explanations which have been predicated on the implicit non-stationarity of the process underlying the construction of the records. In this work, we introduce a stationary finite memory process which arises naturally from a physical concept and show that it can accommodate the persistence structures observed for dendrochronological records more successfully than an F or any other of a family of related processes examined herein. Further, some question arises as to the empirical plausibility of an F process. Dendrochronologic records are used because they are widely held to be surrogates for records of average hydrologic phenomena and the length of these records allows one to explore questions of stochastic process structure which cannot be explored with great validity in the case of generally much shorter hydrologic records.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90167-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J., and Matalas, N., 1986, On the nature of persistence in dendrochronologic records with implications for hydrology: Journal of Hydrology, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 239-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90167-8.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"277","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddfe4b0c8380cd75386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, J.M.","contributorId":39815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matalas, N.C.","contributorId":25173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matalas","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015687,"text":"70015687 - 1986 - River meanders and channel size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:13:08.595739","indexId":"70015687","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River meanders and channel size","docAbstract":"<p>This study uses an enlarged data set to (1) compare measured meander geometry to that predicted by the Langbein and Leopold (1966) theory, (2) examine the frequency distribution of the ratio radius of curvature/channel width, and (3) derive 40 empirical equations (31 of which are original) involving meander and channel size features. The data set, part of which comes from publications by other authors, consists of 194 sites from a large variety of physiographic environments in various countries. The Langbein-Leopold sine-generated-curve theory for predicting radius of curvature agrees very well with the field data (78 sites). The ratio radius of curvature/channel width has a modal value in the range of 2 to 3, in accordance with earlier work; about one third of the 79 values is less than 2.0. The 40 empirical relations, most of which include only two variables, involve channel cross-section dimensions (bankfull area, width, and mean depth) and meander features (wavelength, bend length, radius of curvature, and belt width). These relations have very high correlation coefficients, most being in the range of 0.95-0.99. Although channel width traditionally has served as a scale indicator, bankfull cross-sectional area and mean depth also can be used for this purpose.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90202-7","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., 1986, River meanders and channel size: Journal of Hydrology, v. 88, no. 1-2, p. 147-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90202-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"164","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadb1e4b0c8380cd86f5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, G. P.","contributorId":97472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015650,"text":"70015650 - 1986 - A comparison of the coupled fresh water-salt water flow and the Ghyben-Herzberg sharp interface approaches to modeling of transient behavior in coastal aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:30:13.223878","indexId":"70015650","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the coupled fresh water-salt water flow and the Ghyben-Herzberg sharp interface approaches to modeling of transient behavior in coastal aquifer systems","docAbstract":"<p>A quasi-three dimensional finite difference model which simulates coupled, fresh water and salt water flow, separated by a sharp interface, is used to investigate the effects of storage characteristics, transmissivity, boundary conditions and anisotropy on the transient responses of such flow systems. The magnitude and duration of the departure of aquifer response from the behavior predicted using the Ghyben-Herzberg, one-fluid approach is a function of the ease with which flow can be induced in the salt water region. In many common hydrogeologic settings short-term fresh water head responses, and transitional responses between short-term and long-term, can only be realistically reproduced by including the effects of salt water flow on the dynamics of coastal flow systems. The coupled fresh water-salt water flow modeling approach is able to reproduce the observed annual fresh water head response of the Waialae aquifer of southeastern Oahu, Hawaii.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90012-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., 1986, A comparison of the coupled fresh water-salt water flow and the Ghyben-Herzberg sharp interface approaches to modeling of transient behavior in coastal aquifer systems: Journal of Hydrology, v. 86, no. 1-2, p. 169-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90012-0.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"193","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.2928500311901,\n              21.77866910239088\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.2928500311901,\n              21.230143945209946\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.626889717843,\n              21.230143945209946\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.626889717843,\n              21.77866910239088\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.2928500311901,\n              21.77866910239088\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e377e4b0c8380cd46047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015107,"text":"70015107 - 1986 - Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T17:01:22.199135","indexId":"70015107","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The chemical and isotopic composition of rainfall and stream water was monitored during a storm in the Mattole River basin of northwestern California. About 250 mm of rain fell during 6 days (∼80% within a 42 h period) in late January, 1972, following 24 days of little or no precipitation. River discharge near Petrolia increased from 22 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;to a maximum of 1300 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;while chloride and silica concentrations decreased only from 3.2 to 2.1 and 11.5 to 8.6 mgl</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively. Meanwhile, the isotopic composition of the river changed from&nbsp;</span><span>δD = -42%, δ<sup>18</sup>O = -6.8% and 40 tritium units (T.U.) to extreme values at highest flow of δD = -35%, δ<sup>18</sup>O = -5.9% and 25 T.U. in response to volume-weighted rainfall averaging δD = -19.5%, δ<sup>18</sup>O = -3.1% and 18 T.U.</span></p><p><span>Despite much rainfall of a composition quite different from that of the prestorm river water, “buffering” processes in the watershed greatly restricted changes in the chemical and isotopic content of the river during storm runoff. Because of the physical and hydrologic characteristics of the watershed, major contributions of groundwater to stormflow are very unlikely. The large increase in dissolved chemical load observed at maximum river discharge required that extensive interaction with, and presumably penetration of, soils occurred within a few hours time. Such a large increase in chemical load also required subsurface stormflow throughout a high proportion of the watershed. Chemical and isotopic stabilization of stormflow is believed to be due mainly to displacement of prestorm soil water, with some effects on river chemistry due to rapid rain-soil interactions.</span></p><p><span>The isotopic and chemical composition of prestorm soil moisture cannot readily be predicted a priori because of possible variability in rainfall composition, evaporation, and exchange with atmospheric moisture, nor can it be assumed that baseflow has a predictable relation to the chemical or isotopic composition of water displaced from soils during storms. Therefore, it seems inappropriate to draw conclusions as to the relative proportions of groundwater and rainfall in runoff from a particular storm based only on the average compositions of rainfall, stormflow, and prestorm river water, as has been done in most previous isotope hydrograph studies.</span></p><p><span>Given the great variation in hydrology, topography, soil characteristics, rainfall intensity and quantity, etc. from place to place, the relative amount of overland flow, subsurface flow from the unsaturated zone and of groundwater in stormflow can vary greatly in time and space.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90047-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, V.C., Kendall, C., Zellweger, G.W., Wyerman, T., and Avanzino, R., 1986, Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California: Journal of Hydrology, v. 84, no. 1-2, p. 107-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90047-8.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mattole River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.66076901810318,\n              41.24769075904615\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.66076901810318,\n              40.29144847221866\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.49102920002188,\n              40.29144847221866\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.49102920002188,\n              41.24769075904615\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.66076901810318,\n              41.24769075904615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffd4e4b0c8380cd4f3ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, G. W.","contributorId":55445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wyerman, T.A.","contributorId":96704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyerman","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014577,"text":"70014577 - 1986 - Chronology and correlation of glacial deposits in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-16T16:16:57.426011","indexId":"70014577","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology and correlation of glacial deposits in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0277-3791(86)90181-2","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Fullerton, D.S., 1986, Chronology and correlation of glacial deposits in the Sierra Nevada, California: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 5, p. 161-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(86)90181-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.8428784839162,\n              40.74417249983023\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.45679069974187,\n              38.80713481194367\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2604473220224,\n              36.84629368293875\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.15777595665526,\n              35.14656669413122\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.27339364905856,\n              35.74607275664532\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78080471685462,\n              40.81083634509454\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8428784839162,\n              40.74417249983023\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f4e4b0c8380cd4c4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fullerton, D. S.","contributorId":103357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullerton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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