{"pageNumber":"4834","pageRowStart":"120825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":28083,"text":"wri824064 - 1982 - A digital-computer model of the Big Sioux aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri824064","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4064","title":"A digital-computer model of the Big Sioux aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"A finite-difference digital model was used to simulate steady-state conditions of the Big Sioux aquifer in Minnehaha County. Average water levels and average base flow discharge (4.9 cu ft/s) of the Big Sioux River were based on data from 1970 through 1979. The computer model was calibrated for transient conditions by simulating monthly historic conditions for 1976. During 1976, pumpage was offset mostly by surface-water recharge to the aquifer from January through June and ground-water discharge from storage from July through December. Measured drawdowns during 1976 generally were less than 2 feet except in the Sioux Falls city well field where drawdowns were as much as 15 feet. The model was used to study the effects of increased withdrawals under three hypothetical hydrologic situations. One hypothetical situation consisted of using 1976 pumping rates, recharge, and evapotranspiration but the Big Sioux River dry. The pumping rate after 16 months was decreased by 40 percent from the actual pumping rate for that month in order to complete the monthly simulation without the storage being depleted at a nodal area. The second hypothetical situation consisted of a pumpage rate of 44.4 cubic feet per second from 60 wells spaced throughout the aquifer under historic 1976 hydrologic conditions. The results were that the aquifer could supply the additional withdrawal. The third hypothetical situation used the same hydrologic conditions as the second except that recharge was zero and the Big Sioux River was dry downstream from row 54. After 18 monthly simulations, the pumping rate was decreased by 44 percent to prevent pumping wells from depleting the aquifer, and, at that rate, 63 percent of the water being pumped was being replaced by water from the river. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824064","usgsCitation":"Koch, N., 1982, A digital-computer model of the Big Sioux aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4064, vii, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824064.","productDescription":"vii, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56903,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, N.C.","contributorId":67529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27575,"text":"wri826 - 1982 - Methodologies for extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon for stable carbon isotope studies: Evaluation and alternatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-25T16:02:39","indexId":"wri826","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-6","title":"Methodologies for extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon for stable carbon isotope studies: Evaluation and alternatives","docAbstract":"The gas evolution and the strontium carbonate precipitation techniques to extract dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for stable carbon isotope analysis were investigated. Theoretical considerations, involving thermodynamic calculations and computer simulation pointed out several possible sources of error in delta carbon-13 measurements of the DIC and demonstrated the need for experimental evaluation of the magnitude of the error. An alternative analytical technique, equilibration with out-gassed vapor phase, is proposed. The experimental studies revealed that delta carbon-13 of the DIC extracted from a 0.01 molar NaHC03 solution by both techniques agreed within 0.1 per mil with the delta carbon-13 of the DIC extracted by the precipitation technique, and an increase of only 0.27 per mil in that extracted by the gas evolution technique. The efficiency of extraction of DIC decreased with sulfate concentration in the precipitation technique but was independent of sulfate concentration in the gas evolution technique. Both the precipitation and gas evolution technique were found to be satisfactory for extraction of DIC from different kinds of natural water for stable carbon isotope analysis, provided appropriate precautions are observed in handling the samples. For example, it was found that diffusion of atmospheric carbon dioxide does alter the delta carbon-13 of the samples contained in polyethylene bottles; filtration and drying in the air change the delta carbon-13 of the samples contained in polyethylene bottles; filtration and drying in the air change the delta carbon-13 of the precipitation technique; hot manganese dioxide purification changes the delta carbon-13 of carbon dioxide. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri826","usgsCitation":"Hassan, A.A., 1982, Methodologies for extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon for stable carbon isotope studies: Evaluation and alternatives: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-6, v, 51 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri826.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hassan, Afifa Afifi","contributorId":41467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassan","given":"Afifa","email":"","middleInitial":"Afifi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27091,"text":"wri8152 - 1982 - Water-quality assessment of Steiner Branch basin, Lafayette County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T08:59:06","indexId":"wri8152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-52","title":"Water-quality assessment of Steiner Branch basin, Lafayette County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Steiner Branch basin in southwestern Wisconsin has rugged mature topography. Corn is planted in 30 percent of the basin on slopes ranging from 0 to 20 percent. Although contour stripcropping is a recommended practice for these easily eroded soil slopes, few conservation practices are followed to reduce soil losses. Because the stream drains into a manmade lake used for recreation, its water quality is of major concern. The purpose of this report is to assess the magnitude and types of nonpoint discharges that affect the water quality of Steiner Branch.</p>\n<p>Total stream discharge for the 1978 and 1979 water years was 1,500 cubic feet per second per day and 1,800 cubic feet per second per day, respectively. The 1978 water year discharge was about 90 percent of the average and the 1979 discharge was 120 percent of average. During the 1978 water year, base flow was about 60 percent of the stream discharge, and in 1979 it was about 78 percent. Streamflow during the 2-year study period ranged from 1.5 cubic feet per second, which is approximately the low flow that occurs on the average of once every 2 years, to 392 cubic feet per second, a discharge of about a 5-year flood-recurrence interval.</p>\n<p>Suspended-sediment yields were 369 tons per square mile in the 1978 water year and 84.6 tons per square mile in 1979. These yields were 1.66 times higher than those monitored in an adjoining basin where more typical conservation practices were employed. However, suspended-sediment yield per unit of stream discharge was only 1.30 times higher in the Steiner Branch basin than in the adjoining basin. The estimated long-term annual suspended-sediment yield for the Steiner Branch basin is 444 tons per square mile. Sediment concentrations in Steiner Branch ranged from 3 to 6,430 milligrams per liter.</p>\n<p>Most of the nutrient load of the stream was transported during runoff: total organic nitrogen, 80 percent; ammonia nitrogen, 80 percent; total phosphorus, 84 percent; and total orthophosphorus, 77 percent. Transport of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen occurred primarily during baseflow conditions, with 75 and 56 percent, respectively, of the total load for the study period being transported during these conditions. The time distribution of total phosphorus, total orthophosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and total organic nitrogen transport was very similar to suspended-sediment transport in Steiner Branch.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., and Lidwin, R., 1982, Water-quality assessment of Steiner Branch basin, Lafayette County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-52, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8152.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55957,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Iowa County, Lafayette County","otherGeospatial":"Steiner River, Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.04119873046875,\n              42.781039268737\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04119873046875,\n              42.83242252957731\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              42.83242252957731\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              42.781039268737\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04119873046875,\n              42.781039268737\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0f35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Stephen J.","contributorId":53800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidwin, R.A.","contributorId":33349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidwin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28409,"text":"wri824087 - 1982 - Suspended sediment in selected streams of southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri824087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4087","title":"Suspended sediment in selected streams of southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"The relatively flat Badger Road area near Fairbanks occupies part of the alluvial plain of the Chena and Tanana Rivers and is underlain by scattered areas of permafrost. The water table of the high-transmissivity aquifer that underlies the area is generally shallower than 15 feet, fluctuates seasonally about 2 feet, and slopes northwesterly, the direction of ground-water flow. Private domestic-supply wells obtain water from the upper part of the aquifer. Septic systems used to dispose of waste water are installed at or only slightly above the water table in the same aquifer. Analyses of samples from 16 observation wells in undeveloped parts of the study area and from 33 domestic wells indicated that water quality has not been significantly degraded by on-site waste disposal. Three samples had detectable but minor contamination by fecal coliform bacteria. Anomalous values of chloride and ammonia in one third of the domestic wells may indicate incipient degradation of ground-water quality by septic-tank effluent. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824087","usgsCitation":"Litke, D.W., 1982, Suspended sediment in selected streams of southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4087, v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824087.","productDescription":"v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57213,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litke, D. W.","contributorId":94346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28159,"text":"wri824097 - 1982 - Hydrologic information for land-use planning, Badger Road area, Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri824097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4097","title":"Hydrologic information for land-use planning, Badger Road area, Fairbanks, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824097","usgsCitation":"Krumhardt, A., 1982, Hydrologic information for land-use planning, Badger Road area, Fairbanks, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4097, iv, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824097.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56993,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6069b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krumhardt, A.P.","contributorId":11253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krumhardt","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28487,"text":"wri8149 - 1982 - Evaluation of rainfall-runoff data network, Rockland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T07:40:45","indexId":"wri8149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-49","title":"Evaluation of rainfall-runoff data network, Rockland County, New York","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri8149","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., 1982, Evaluation of rainfall-runoff data network, Rockland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-49, iv, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8149.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267459,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0049/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fabbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27172,"text":"wri824060 - 1982 - Ground water in the Twenty-Nine Palms Indian Reservation and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri824060","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4060","title":"Ground water in the Twenty-Nine Palms Indian Reservation and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Twenty-Nine Palms Indian Reservation is in San Bernardino County, California. Movement of ground water in the area is impeded locally by faults which act as ground-water barriers. There are indications that a fault probably crosses the reservation in an east-west direction; such a fault may interfere with ground-water pumping. The water-table altitude near the northern boundary of the reservation is estimated to be 120 to 130 feet below land surface datum; the aquifer thickness in the area is unknown. Pumping-test results for wells near the reservation show specific capacities ranging from 9.2 to 70.0 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. Wells drilled on the reservation would probably fall within this range. Sodium concentrations, which may pose a hazard to those who must restrict its intake, and excessive fluoride are present in water samples from wells near the reservation. High sodium and fluoride concentrations are probably present in water in the saturated material underlying the reservation. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824060","usgsCitation":"Freckleton, J.R., 1982, Ground water in the Twenty-Nine Palms Indian Reservation and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4060, iv, 50 p. :maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824060.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p. :maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4060/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56046,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4060/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56047,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4060/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d86f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freckleton, J. R.","contributorId":93498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freckleton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27597,"text":"wri824110 - 1982 - Hydrology of the sand-and-gravel aquifer, southern Okaloosa and Walton Counties, northwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T19:34:05.117776","indexId":"wri824110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4110","title":"Hydrology of the sand-and-gravel aquifer, southern Okaloosa and Walton Counties, northwest Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The sand-and-gravel aquifer in southern Okaloosa and Walton Counties, northwest Florida, extends from land surface to depth of 50 to 150 feet. Intervening layers of clay generally separate the aquifer into an unconfined surficial zone, composed principally of fine to medium sand, and a lower confined zone, consisting of variable amounts of medium to coarse sand and gravel. Well yields of 50 to 500 gallons per minute are possible in most of the area, and yields of 500 to 1,000 gallons per minute can be developed in parts of southwestern Okaloosa County.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri824110","usgsCitation":"Hayes, L.R., and Barr, D.E., 1982, Hydrology of the sand-and-gravel aquifer, southern Okaloosa and Walton Counties, northwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4110, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824110.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56467,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396266,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35617.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Okaloosa County, Walton County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.70135498046875,\n              30.379983796443767\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.19873046875,\n              30.379983796443767\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.19873046875,\n              30.590637026892917\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.70135498046875,\n              30.590637026892917\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.70135498046875,\n              30.379983796443767\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc79d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, L. R.","contributorId":50931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, D. E.","contributorId":55469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27634,"text":"wri8240 - 1982 - Method for estimating historical irrigation requirements from ground water in the High Plains in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T14:01:49","indexId":"wri8240","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-40","title":"Method for estimating historical irrigation requirements from ground water in the High Plains in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Historical information on ground-water pumpage for irrigation is required for use with a computer model of the High Plains aquifer. Available historical data on ground-water pumpage in the High Plains were inadequate for use with the computer model. Consequently, a method was developed to estimate historical pumpage data.</p><p>Two principal components were used to develop estimates of ground-water pumpage: (1) Acreage irrigated; and (2) irrigation demand. The Blaney-Criddle formula was used to calculate consumptive-use requirements for irrigated crops grown on the High Plains. The irrigation demand for each crop was estimated by subtracting precipitation available to the crop from the consumptive-use requirement of the crop. Irrigation demands were combined with irrigated acreages to estimate the volume of irrigation water required for areas in the High Plains. Estimates of irrigation water requirements were compiled for 1949, 1954, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1974, and 1978. Irrigation pumpage for use with the computer model can be estimated from the irrigation water requirements by applying a factor to account for irrigation system efficiency.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8240","usgsCitation":"Heimes, F.J., and Luckey, R.R., 1982, Method for estimating historical irrigation requirements from ground water in the High Plains in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-40, iii, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8240.","productDescription":"iii, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"71","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356336,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0040/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma,  South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              32\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ed0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimes, Frederick J.","contributorId":20787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimes","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luckey, Richard R.","contributorId":17980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28454,"text":"wri8171 - 1982 - Streamflows and channels of the Green River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri8171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-71","title":"Streamflows and channels of the Green River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Width, depth, cross-sectional area, and velocity of streamflow were depicted for 51 gaged sites in or near the Green River basin of Wyoming by summarizing data obtained from current-meter discharge measurements. Using these at-a-station relations as a base, regional relations were then developed that characterize hydraulic features of streams throughout the study area. Channel size is an indication of flow magnitude. High flows affect channel formation, and the annual peak-flow array is a representation of these flows. The geometric mean of this array is a viable statistical index of channel-forming flows because it represents the relative magnitude of high flows at a site. Bankfull discharge is a physical index of flows dominating channel formation. The magnitude of the geometric mean approximately equates to bankfull discharge, on the average. Relations depicting hydraulic characteristics of a discharge equal to the geometric mean of annual peak flows may, therefore, be considered to be generally representative of channel conditions existing during bankfull discharge. The relations have application for predicting channel response to developments that would alter streamflow. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri8171","usgsCitation":"Lowham, H., 1982, Streamflows and channels of the Green River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-71, vii, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8171.","productDescription":"vii, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57255,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowham, H. W.","contributorId":8111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowham","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27624,"text":"wri8178 - 1982 - Automation of an ion chromatograph for precipitation analysis with computerized data reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-03T10:15:54","indexId":"wri8178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-78","title":"Automation of an ion chromatograph for precipitation analysis with computerized data reduction","docAbstract":"<p>Interconnection of an ion chromatograph, an autosampler, and a computing integrator to form an analytical system for simultaneous determination of fluoride, chloride, orthophosphate, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate in precipitation samples is described. Computer programs provided with the integrator are modified to implement ionchromatographic data reduction and data storage. The liquid-flow scheme for the ion chromatograph is changed by addition of a second suppressor column for greater analytical capacity. An additional vave enables selection of either suppressor column for analysis, as the other column is regenerated and stabilized with concentrated eluent.</p><p>Minimum limits of detection and quantitation for each anion are calculated; these limits are a function of suppressor exhaustion. Precision for replicate analyses of six precipitation samples for fluoride, chloride, orthophosphate, nitrate, and sulfate ranged from 0.003 to 0.027 milligrams per liter. To determine accuracy of results, the same samples were spiked with known concentrations of the above mentioned anions. Average recovery was 108 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8178","usgsCitation":"Hedley, A.G., and Fishman, M., 1982, Automation of an ion chromatograph for precipitation analysis with computerized data reduction: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-78, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8178.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346293,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedley, Arthur G.","contributorId":17876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedley","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fishman, Marvin J.","contributorId":87110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Marvin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28039,"text":"wri824046 - 1982 - Evaluation of sediment yield and sediment data-collection network in the Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri824046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4046","title":"Evaluation of sediment yield and sediment data-collection network in the Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Statistical relationships were developed between suspended-sediment discharge and several regional factors of climate, physiography, and land use in the Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the existing sediment collection network, especially in regard to detecting changes in suspended-sediment discharge due to the development in the basin. Spatial- and time variability were examined using multiple linear regression techniques. Because of the short period of record, monthly mean sediment loads were used to determine shifts or changes in trends due to mining and related activities in the basin. Dummy variable analysis was used to detect these premining and postmining differences in the regression lines and also to detect seasonal differences in the sediment discharge. Differences did exist in the sediment discharge from season to season and before and after mining; however, due to the variability and short period of record the cause of these differences could not be adequately determined. Part of the high variability in sediment discharge was due to variability in the water discharge. Therefore, if the network is to be improved, the emphasis needs to be on improvement of the water-discharge. The results of the monthly mean regression analysis were used in the mean monthly and mean annual analysis for determination of initial network design equations. These were only preliminary in nature and could be improved with additional data. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824046","usgsCitation":"Kircher, J.E., and Von Guerard, P., 1982, Evaluation of sediment yield and sediment data-collection network in the Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4046, vi, 25 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824046.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56877,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kircher, J. E.","contributorId":11207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Von Guerard, Paul","contributorId":40620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Guerard","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33833,"text":"b1523 - 1982 - A review of the Proteutheria and Insectivora of the Willwood Formation (Lower Eocene), Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:34","indexId":"b1523","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1523","title":"A review of the Proteutheria and Insectivora of the Willwood Formation (Lower Eocene), Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1523","usgsCitation":"Bown, T.M., and Schankler, D.M., 1982, A review of the Proteutheria and Insectivora of the Willwood Formation (Lower Eocene), Bighorn Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1523, iv, 79 p., [11] leaves of plates :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1523.","productDescription":"iv, 79 p., [11] leaves of plates :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1523/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61734,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1523/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bown, Thomas M.","contributorId":67081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schankler, David M.","contributorId":93551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schankler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33371,"text":"b1515 - 1982 - Mineral resources of the Craggy Mountain wilderness study area and extension, Buncombe County, North Carolina","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7341,"text":"ofr781091 - 1978 - Mineral resources of the Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Buncombe County, North Carolina","indexId":"ofr781091","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the Craggy Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Buncombe County, North Carolina"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":33371,"text":"b1515 - 1982 - Mineral resources of the Craggy Mountain wilderness study area and extension, Buncombe County, North Carolina","indexId":"b1515","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the Craggy Mountain wilderness study area and extension, Buncombe County, North Carolina"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:27","indexId":"b1515","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1515","title":"Mineral resources of the Craggy Mountain wilderness study area and extension, Buncombe County, North Carolina","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ; For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b1515","usgsCitation":"Lesure, F.G., Grosz, A.E., Williams, B.B., and Gazdik, G., 1982, Mineral resources of the Craggy Mountain wilderness study area and extension, Buncombe County, North Carolina (Supersedes Open-file report 78-1091): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1515, vi, 27 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1515.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109731,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21601.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21601"},{"id":163523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1515/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61217,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1515/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":61218,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1515/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Supersedes Open-file report 78-1091","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edeef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesure, Frank Gardner","contributorId":70752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Gardner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosz, A. E.","contributorId":87925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, B. B.","contributorId":106488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gazdik, Gertrude C.","contributorId":76736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazdik","given":"Gertrude C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":35295,"text":"b1502D - 1982 - Lower Cretaceous Mount Pablo formation, northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:35","indexId":"b1502D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1502","chapter":"D","title":"Lower Cretaceous Mount Pablo formation, northwestern Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ; For sale by the Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b1502D","usgsCitation":"Mudge, M.R., and Rice, D.D., 1982, Lower Cretaceous Mount Pablo formation, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1502, iii, 19 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1502D.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1502d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1502d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64887f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mudge, Melville Rhodes","contributorId":77119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudge","given":"Melville","email":"","middleInitial":"Rhodes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Dudley D.","contributorId":11601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Dudley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":35901,"text":"b1532 - 1982 - Map projections used by the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":35901,"text":"b1532 - 1982 - Map projections used by the U.S. Geological Survey","indexId":"b1532","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Map projections used by the U.S. Geological Survey"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38508,"text":"pp1395 - 1987 - Map projections: A working manual","indexId":"pp1395","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Map projections: A working manual"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38508,"text":"pp1395 - 1987 - Map projections: A working manual","indexId":"pp1395","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Map projections: A working manual"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-09T12:50:16","indexId":"b1532","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1532","title":"Map projections used by the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>After decades of using only one map projection, the Polyconic, for its mapping program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) now uses sixteen of the more comnon map projections for its published maps. For larger scale maps, including topographic quadrangles and the State Base Map Series, conformal projections such as the Transverse Mercator and the Lambert Conformal Conic are used. On these, the shapes of small areas are shown correctly, but scale is correct only along one or two lines. Equal-area projections, especially the Albers Equal-Area Conic, and equidistant projections which have correct scale along many lines appear in the National Atlas. Other projections, such as the Miller Cylindrical and the Van der Grinten, are chosen occasionally for convenience, sometimes making use of existing base maps prepared by others. Some projections treat the Earth only as a sphere, others as either ellipsoid or sphere.</p>\n<p>The USGS has also conceived and designed several new projections, icluding the Space Oblique Mercator, the first map projection designed to permit mapping of the Earth continuously from a satellite with low distortion. The mapping of extraterrestrial bodies has resulted in the use of standard projections in completely new settings.</p>\n<p>With increased computerization, it is important to realize that rectangular coordinates for all these projections may be mathematically calculated with formulas which would have seemed too complicated in the past, but which now may be programed routinely, if clearly delineated with numerical examples. A discussion of appearance, usage, and history is given together with both forward and inverse equations for each projection involved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1532","usgsCitation":"Snyder, J.P., 1982, Map projections used by the U.S. Geological Survey (Second Edition): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1532, xiv, 313 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1532.","productDescription":"xiv, 313 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":63854,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1532/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1532/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":335087,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1402/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, John Parr","contributorId":17596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Parr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34359,"text":"b1507 - 1982 - The Vincent thrust, eastern San Gabriel Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:21","indexId":"b1507","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1507","title":"The Vincent thrust, eastern San Gabriel Mountains, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b1507","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., 1982, The Vincent thrust, eastern San Gabriel Mountains, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1507, iii, 15 p. :ill., 1 map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1507.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :ill., 1 map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1507/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62280,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1507/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62281,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1507/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James George","contributorId":73578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33427,"text":"b1516AD - 1982 - Mineral resources of the Minarets Wilderness and adjacent areas, Madera and Mono counties, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9046,"text":"ofr791472 - 1979 - Mineral resources of the Minarets Wilderness and adjacent areas, Madera and Mono counties, California","indexId":"ofr791472","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the Minarets Wilderness and adjacent areas, Madera and Mono counties, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":33427,"text":"b1516AD - 1982 - Mineral resources of the Minarets Wilderness and adjacent areas, Madera and Mono counties, California","indexId":"b1516AD","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-D","title":"Mineral resources of the Minarets Wilderness and adjacent areas, Madera and Mono counties, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:37","indexId":"b1516AD","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1516","chapter":"A-D","title":"Mineral resources of the Minarets Wilderness and adjacent areas, Madera and Mono counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1516AD","usgsCitation":"Huber, N., Oliver, H.W., Bailey, R., Thurber, H.K., Miller, M.S., Hillman, C., Lindsey, D., and Morris, R., 1982, Mineral resources of the Minarets Wilderness and adjacent areas, Madera and Mono counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1516, 159 p., 3 folded leaves of plates :ill. (some col.) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1516AD.","productDescription":"159 p., 3 folded leaves of plates :ill. (some col.) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247397,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1516a-d/report.pdf","size":"11266","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247398,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1516a-d/plate-1.pdf","size":"11401","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247399,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1516a-d/plate-2.pdf","size":"11597","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247400,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1516a-d/plate-3.pdf","size":"12533","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1516a-d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a200","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber, N.K.","contributorId":73610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"N.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, H. W.","contributorId":85570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, R. A.","contributorId":87531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurber, H. K.","contributorId":59457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, M. S.","contributorId":69107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hillman, C.T.","contributorId":6112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillman","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lindsey, D.S.","contributorId":79096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morris, R.W.","contributorId":34577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":35953,"text":"b1278F - 1982 - The role of clays in fixing lithium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:32","indexId":"b1278F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1278","chapter":"F","title":"The role of clays in fixing lithium","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1278F","usgsCitation":"Starkey, H., 1982, The role of clays in fixing lithium: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1278, iii, F1-F11 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1278F.","productDescription":"iii, F1-F11 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1278f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63904,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1278f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starkey, Harry C.","contributorId":102074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkey","given":"Harry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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