The distribution of species abundance (number of individuals per species) is well documented. The distribution of species occurrence (number of localities per species), however, has received little attention. This study investigates the distribution of species occurrence for five large data sets. For modern benthic foraminifera, species occurrence is examined from the Atlantic continental margin of North America, where 875 species were recorded 10,017 times at 542 localities, the Gulf of Mexico, where 848 species were recorded 18,007 times at 426 localities, and the Caribbean, where 1149 species were recorded 6684 times at 268 localities. For Late Cretaceous molluscs, species occurrence is examined from the Gulf Coast where 716 species were recorded 6236 times at 166 localities and a subset of this data consisting of 643 species recorded 3851 times at 86 localities.
Logseries and lognormal distributions were fitted to these data sets. In most instances the logseries best predicts the distribution of species occurrence. The lognormal, however, also fits the data fairly well, and, in one instance, better. The use of these distributions allows the prediction of the number of species occurring once, twice, …, n times.
Species abundance data are also available for the molluscan data sets. They indicate that the most abundant species (greatest number of individuals) usually occur most frequently. In all data sets approximately half the species occur four or less times. The probability of noting the presence of rarely occurring species is small, and, consequently, such species must be used with extreme caution in studies requiring knowledge of the distribution of species in space and time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0094837300004486","usgsCitation":"Buzas, M.A., Koch, C.F., Culver, S., and Sohl, N.F., 1982, On the distribution of species occurrence: Paleobiology, v. 8, no. 2, p. 143-150, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300004486.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee1e4b062508e3c7b25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buzas, Martin A.","contributorId":85098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzas","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koch, Carl F.","contributorId":8331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culver, Stephen J.","contributorId":79331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sohl, Norman F.","contributorId":27906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188937,"text":"70188937 - 1982 - The sea slope problem revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T16:01:24","indexId":"70188937","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The sea slope problem revisited","docAbstract":"Discrepancies in sea surface topography based on comparisons between the results of steric leveling and repeated geodetic levelings have identified what is known as the ‘sea slope problem.’ This problem is actually twofold: (1) the sea surface relief based on steric leveling differs significantly from that based on geodetic leveling along several generally north-south coasts, and (2) successively propagated levelings between several widely separated tide stations indicate that the stationary sea slope seemingly has been changing with time, whereas differenced sea level means between these stations indicate that the sea surface relief has remained virtually invariant during the same intervals. Reexamination of the three reported discrepancies between geodetically and sterically determined sea slopes indicates that the Australian example is based on leveling of a quality inappropriate to the comparison. The discrepancy developed along the Atlantic coast of the United States is limited to the reach between Portsmouth–Hampton Roads, Virginia, and Key West, Florida, where the accuracy of steric leveling may be especially vulnerable owing to the dynamic effects of the Gulf Stream. Reconsideration of the example along the Pacific coast of the United States indicates that the various discrepancies are due chiefly to intrasurvey movement and resultant distortion of geodetically defined height differences between tide stations. Agreement between the results of steric and geodetic leveling along tectonically inactive north-south coasts devoid of strong boundary currents is generally good. This observation supports the conclusions (1) that any directionally dependent systematic error in geodetic leveling is measurably insignificant and (2) that where allowance is made for the possible effects of major boundary currents or intrasurvey movement during levelings between tide stations, the sea slope problem tends to vanish.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB08p06989","usgsCitation":"Castle, R.O., and Elliott, M., 1982, The sea slope problem revisited: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B8, p. 6989-7024, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB08p06989.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"6989","endPage":"7024","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"87","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee1e4b062508e3c7b1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, M.R.","contributorId":13372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188984,"text":"70188984 - 1982 - Paleoenvironment and age of kaolin deposits in the Andersonville district, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T11:11:04","indexId":"70188984","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Paleoenvironment and age of kaolin deposits in the Andersonville district, Georgia","docAbstract":"The kaolin deposits of the Andersonville district of Georgia are thick and relatively pure; they grade laterally and vertically into sandy kaolin and sand. The sedimentological and mineralogical character of the clay and the enclosing sand suggests deposition in a marine shallow-water to estuarine environment. Palynomorph and invertebrate fossil assemblages from strata adjacent to the kaolin beds support the suggested depositional environment of the kaolin and the subsequent subaerial formation of bauxite. Movement on the Andersonville and related faults probably influenced basinal topography and served to maintain a restricted circulation in the basin. Sporomorph biostratigraphy limits the accumulation of kaolin and the formation of bauxite deposits to early Wilcox (late Paleocene) time.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Second Symposium on the Geology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Second Symposium on the Geology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain","conferenceDate":"March 5-6, 1979","conferenceLocation":"Americus, GA","language":"English","publisher":"Georgia Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Atlanta, GA","usgsCitation":"Cofer, H.E., and Frederiksen, N.O., 1982, Paleoenvironment and age of kaolin deposits in the Andersonville district, Georgia, in Proceedings: Second Symposium on the Geology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, no. 53, Americus, GA, March 5-6, 1979, p. 24-37.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 32.667124733120325\n ],\n [\n -85.089111328125,\n 32.59310597426537\n ],\n [\n -85.045166015625,\n 32.55607364492026\n ],\n [\n -85.01220703125,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -85.001220703125,\n 32.44488496716713\n ],\n [\n -85.045166015625,\n 32.37068286611427\n ],\n [\n -84.957275390625,\n 32.31499127724556\n ],\n [\n -84.92431640625,\n 32.27784451498272\n ],\n [\n -84.96826171874999,\n 32.20350534542368\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 32.16631295696736\n ],\n [\n -85.067138671875,\n 32.11049589629439\n ],\n [\n -85.05615234375,\n 32.0639555946604\n ],\n [\n -85.089111328125,\n 31.96148355726853\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -85.133056640625,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -85.111083984375,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -85.05615234375,\n 31.5504526754715\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 31.419288124288357\n ],\n [\n -81.4031982421875,\n 32.648625783736726\n ],\n [\n -81.4031982421875,\n 32.8149783969858\n ],\n [\n -81.419677734375,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -81.5020751953125,\n 32.89342578969234\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 32.95797741405952\n ],\n [\n -81.485595703125,\n 32.99484290420988\n ],\n [\n -81.551513671875,\n 33.04090311724091\n ],\n [\n -81.6119384765625,\n 33.08233672856376\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 33.114549382824535\n ],\n [\n -81.7767333984375,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -81.7657470703125,\n 33.18813395605041\n ],\n [\n -81.7987060546875,\n 33.23409295522519\n ],\n [\n -81.8316650390625,\n 33.243281858479484\n ],\n [\n -81.859130859375,\n 33.27084277265288\n ],\n [\n -81.89208984375,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 33.36264966025664\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 32.667124733120325\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59660d1de4b0d1f9f05cef2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cofer, Harland E.","contributorId":85957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cofer","given":"Harland","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frederiksen, Norman O.","contributorId":50880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195610,"text":"70195610 - 1982 - Marine geologic studies of the inner continental shelf off Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T12:42:28","indexId":"70195610","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Marine geologic studies of the inner continental shelf off Massachusetts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4240e4b0da30c1bfdabf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Hara, C. J.","contributorId":32938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Hara","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oldale, R. N.","contributorId":92680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farquhar, O.C.","contributorId":202735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farquhar","given":"O.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188931,"text":"70188931 - 1982 - Geologic hazards in Navarin Basin Province, Northern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T12:31:48","indexId":"70188931","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic hazards in Navarin Basin Province, Northern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Navarin Basin, scheduled for leasing in 1984 (OCS sale 83), may contain vast accumulations of oil and gas. Several geologic and oceanographic processes that may be active in and around Navarin Basin province could be hazardous to commercial development. These potential hazards include submarine slides; sea-floor instability resulting from disturbance of gas-charged sediment; sediment transport and erosion caused by storm waves, tsunamis, internal waves, or bottom currents; pack ice; and active faults and ground motion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings- Offshore Technology Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Offshore Technology Conference","conferenceDate":"May 3-6, 1982","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Offshore Technology Conference","doi":"10.4043/4172-MS","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., Karl, H.A., Fischer, J.M., and Edwards, B.D., 1982, Geologic hazards in Navarin Basin Province, Northern Bering Sea, in Proceedings- Offshore Technology Conference, v. 14, Houston, TX, May 3-6, 1982, p. 73-87, https://doi.org/10.4043/4172-MS.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Navarin Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n 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R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":138825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":701353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":701354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188733,"text":"70188733 - 1982 - The emplacement of ophiolites by collision","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T14:06:13","indexId":"70188733","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The emplacement of ophiolites by collision","docAbstract":"Ophiolites, recognized in most of the world's orogenic belts, are generally interpreted to be oceanic crust and upper mantle (lithosphere) fragments that have been incorporated into continental margins at consuming plate boundaries. We suggest that the mechanism for ophiolite emplacement is the same in both the Alpine and Andean-type orogenes. In both geological settings, obduction of oceanic lithosphere onto the continental lithosphere is caused by the convergence of light, buoyant bodies such as oceanic plateaus, continental slivers, island arcs, or old hot spot traces. For example, the Troodos ophiolite complex, previously interpreted by some workers as resulting from continental collision, may have been emplaced by the collision of Cyprus with the Eratosthenes Plateau embedded in the oceanic eastern Mediterranean crust. On the other hand, the Upper Jurassic Coast Range Ophiolites of California, previously interpreted as resulting from typical oceanic subduction, may be the result of a continuous injection of thick nonsubductable packages of light, continentally derived sedimentary rocks, seamounts, and plateaus into the subduction zones. Many other ophiolite complexes may be similarly related to accreted terranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB05p03861","usgsCitation":"Ben-Avraham, Z., 1982, The emplacement of ophiolites by collision: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, no. B5, p. 3861-3867, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB05p03861.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3861","endPage":"3867","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd742e4b062508e3951f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ben-Avraham, Zvi","contributorId":11679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Avraham","given":"Zvi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188731,"text":"70188731 - 1982 - Strata-bound sulfide deposits, wall-rock alteration, and associated tin-bearing minerals in the Carolina slate belt, South Carolina and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T10:17:14","indexId":"70188731","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strata-bound sulfide deposits, wall-rock alteration, and associated tin-bearing minerals in the Carolina slate belt, South Carolina and Georgia","docAbstract":"Massive sulfide deposits, gold deposits, and tin-bearing minerals occur in rocks of the Carolina slate belt in South Carolina and adjacent Georgia. The belt of greenschist metamorphic rocks in which the ore deposits occur is mostly Cambrian in age. It is divided into an upper metasedimentary unit and a lower unit of predominantly felsic metavolcanic and metavolcaniclastic rocks. The ore deposits occur in the lower unit chiefly near the contact between the two units. The rocks have been deformed into two maior sets of coaxial folds and at least two minor deformations. Coarse-grained unmetamorphosed Carboniferous, I-type granites, and abundant Triassic-Jurassic diabase dikes cut the slate belt and appear largely unrelated to the ore deposits. Remnants of Cretaceous and younger sedimentary rocks overlie the crystalline rocks near several of the larger mineralized areas.Massive sulfides, largely pyrite, and some polymetallic sulfides occur in mines opened for gold in the nineteenth century. The largest of these in South Carolina are the Haile, Brewer, and Dorn mines. These mines and the Little Mountain and Cedar Creek-Blythewood areas have many similar lithologic characteristics. These are: hydrothermally altered wall-rock consisting of quartz-sericite-kaolinite schist and quartz-sericite schist; abundant aluminous silicates such as kyanite, andalusite, pyrophyllite, and topaz; zones of iron-enriched rocks; and a suite of resistant heavy minerals that includes tin-bearing minerals. Heavy mineral concentrates from alluvium of small streams showed 20,000 ppm tin. Cassiterite and nigerite have been identified.At the Brewer mine, gold has been produced from altered felsic volcanic rocks that contain silicified breccia, massive topaz, abundant pyrite, minor enargite, and probably cassiterite. Massive pyrite and gold have been mined at the Haile mine. In the McCormick-Lincolnton area, a near-surface granitoid pluton is thought to be the source for volcaniclastic rocks that contain polymetallic massive sulfide deposits, gold, and associated deposits of kyanite, barite, and manganese. Tin was found there in heavy mineral concentrates, and rutile occurring with kyanite contains 1,000 ppm tin. At Little Mountain, cassiterite and hematite are present in rocks considered to be metamorphosed hot spring deposits. In the Cedar Creek-Blythewood area, nigerite is present, together with cassiterite, chrysoberyl, and seventeen other heavy minerals in concentrates panned from alluvium in streams draining an area of quartz-sericite-kaolinite schist.The deposition of massive sulfides, gold, and tin minerals is considered to be part of a continuum of volcanic activity that included alteration, deformation, and metamorphism. Altered rocks, which host the ore deposits, result from superimposed processes beginning with alteration syngenetic with the massive sulfides and ending with fracture-controlled alteration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.77.2.294","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Bell, H., 1982, Strata-bound sulfide deposits, wall-rock alteration, and associated tin-bearing minerals in the Carolina slate belt, South Carolina and Georgia: Economic Geology, v. 77, p. 294-311, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.77.2.294.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"311","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 32.74108223150125\n ],\n [\n -78.321533203125,\n 32.74108223150125\n ],\n [\n -78.321533203125,\n 35.37113502280101\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 35.37113502280101\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 32.74108223150125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd742e4b062508e3951f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Henry","contributorId":73980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188925,"text":"70188925 - 1982 - United States gold resource profile; reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:15:13","indexId":"70188925","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"United States gold resource profile; reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.77.5.1244","usgsCitation":"Cargill, S.M., 1982, United States gold resource profile; reply: Economic Geology, v. 77, no. 5, p. 1244-1247, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.77.5.1244.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1244","endPage":"1247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1982-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee1e4b062508e3c7b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cargill, Simon M.","contributorId":7256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cargill","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195436,"text":"70195436 - 1982 - Northern East Pacific Rise: Magnetic anomaly and bathymetric framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:13:24","indexId":"70195436","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern East Pacific Rise: Magnetic anomaly and bathymetric framework","docAbstract":"The oceanic crust in the eastern Pacific between 7°N and 30°N and east of 127°W contains a fairly complete history of the spreading centers associated with the East Pacific Rise since 25 m.y. B.P. (late Oligocene). In this paper, we have summarized the seafloor spreading magnetic-anomaly data and the bathymetric data that reflect the record of this tectonic history. The well-defined magnetic lineations north of the Clarion fracture zone, in the mouth of the Gulf of California, and on the east flank of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) are carefully examined and used to provide a guide for interpreting the spreading pattern between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones, southward of the Rivera fracture zone over the Mathematician Ridge, and over the entire EPR east of the Mathematician Ridge between the Rivera and Siqueiros fracture zones. The bathymetric data provide a trace of the fracture zone pattern in each of the above mentioned areas. The fracture zone bathymetry and the seafloor spreading magnetic lineations on the EPR south of the Rivera fracture zone have a distinctive fanning pattern caused by close poles of rotation and plate boundary reorganizations. All these data provide a good record of the plate reorganizations in the middle Miocene at magnetic anomaly 5 A time (12.5 to 11 m.y. B.P.), in the late Miocene at magnetic anomaly 3′−4 time (6.5 m.y. B.P.), and in the Pliocene at magnetic anomaly 2′−3 time (3.5 m.y. B.P.). Several abandoned spreading centers, including the Mathematician Ridge, were left behind as a result of these reorganizations. The Mathematician Ridge is shown to be a set of ridges and trough whose origin is related to the tectonic activity associated with each of the above mentioned reorganizations since anomaly 5A.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB08p06725","usgsCitation":"Klitgord, K.D., and Mammerickx, J., 1982, Northern East Pacific Rise: Magnetic anomaly and bathymetric framework: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B8, p. 6725-6750, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB08p06725.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"6725","endPage":"6750","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4241e4b0da30c1bfdac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mammerickx, Jacqueline","contributorId":202504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mammerickx","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188986,"text":"70188986 - 1982 - Use of packrat middens to determine rates of cliff retreat in the eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T15:57:23.856889","indexId":"70188986","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of packrat middens to determine rates of cliff retreat in the eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Packrat midden data can be used to calculate rates of cliff retreat by relating midden age to the distance between cliff face and midden. Regression analysis using 14 radiocarbon-dated packrat deposits from the Mississippian Redwall Limestone in the eastern Grand Canyon suggests that the Redwall has been retreating at an average rate of 0.45 m/103 14C yr. This rate of cliff retreat, which is comparable to other cliff-retreat rates reported from arid environments, implies that the Colorado River cut through the Redwall Limestone in the vicinity of Horseshoe Mesa about 3.7 m.y. B.P.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<597:UOPMTD>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cole, K.L., and Mayer, L., 1982, Use of packrat middens to determine rates of cliff retreat in the eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona: Geology, v. 10, no. 11, p. 597-599, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<597:UOPMTD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"597","endPage":"599","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.99938964843749,\n 35.46961797120201\n ],\n [\n -111.302490234375,\n 35.46961797120201\n ],\n [\n -111.302490234375,\n 36.910372213522535\n ],\n [\n -114.99938964843749,\n 36.910372213522535\n ],\n [\n -114.99938964843749,\n 35.46961797120201\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59660d1de4b0d1f9f05cef29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Larry","contributorId":77936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188945,"text":"70188945 - 1982 - The Geoid: Effect of compensated topography and uncompensated oceanic trenches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T16:39:53","indexId":"70188945","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Geoid: Effect of compensated topography and uncompensated oceanic trenches","docAbstract":"The geoid is becoming increasingly important in interpretation of global tectonics. Most of the topography of the earth is isostatically compensated, so removal of its effect from the geoid is appropriate before tectonic modeling. The oceanic trenches, however, are dynamically depressed features and cannot be isostatically compensated in the classical way. Continental topography compensated at 35 km gives intracontinental geoidal undulations of up to 15 m over mountain ranges in a spherical harmonic expansion to order and degree 22. Oceanic topography compensated at 40 km, reasonable for the thermally supported long wavelengths, matches the +10 m difference between old continents and old oceans in a detailed NASA/GSFC geoid. Removing the assumed compensation for the oceanic trenches leaves negative anomalies of up to 9 m amplitude caused by their uncompensated mass deficit. This mass deficit acts as a partial \"regional compensation\" for the excess mass of the subducting slabs, and partly explains why geoidal (and gravity) anomalies over the cold slabs are less than thermal models predict.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL009i001p00029","usgsCitation":"Chase, C., and McNutt, M.K., 1982, The Geoid: Effect of compensated topography and uncompensated oceanic trenches: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 9, no. 1, p. 29-32, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL009i001p00029.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee0e4b062508e3c7b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, C.G.","contributorId":102965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, Marcia K. 0000-0003-0117-7716 mcnutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-7716","contributorId":327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Marcia","email":"mcnutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":701471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188943,"text":"70188943 - 1982 - Volume of organic-rich Devonian shale in the Appalachian Basin: relating \"black\" to organic-matter content: Geologic notes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T17:47:04.286818","indexId":"70188943","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volume of organic-rich Devonian shale in the Appalachian Basin: relating \"black\" to organic-matter content: Geologic notes","docAbstract":"Some estimates of natural-gas resources in the Devonian shale of the Appalachian basin depend on the volume of organic-rich shale in the basin. A map by L. G. Wallace and W. de Witt showing the thickness and extent of Devonian \"black\" shale facies in the Appalachian basin is widely used as an indicator of organic-rich shale, but the map is derived from subjective evaluations of shale color. Wallace and de Witt's definition of \"black\" is shown here to correspond to an organic-matter content of approximately 4% or more by volume and a Munsell color value for dry pressed-powder samples of about N5 (medium gray) or darker. The volume of Devonian shale with an organic-matter content greater than 2.0% by volume (a definition of \"organic-rich\" that is preferred by the writers) a erages 1.44 times that of the \"black\" shale of Wallace and de Witt, and totals about 2,574 × 1012 cu ft (72.9 × 1012 cu m) in the Appalachian basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B59B1B-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Charpentier, R., and Schmoker, J.W., 1982, Volume of organic-rich Devonian shale in the Appalachian Basin: relating \"black\" to organic-matter content: Geologic notes: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 3, p. 375-378, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B59B1B-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"378","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.84716796875,\n 37.63163475580643\n ],\n [\n -85.93505859374999,\n 37.63163475580643\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -84.9462890625,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -80.96923828125,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -76.75048828125,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -75.08056640625,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -74.64111328125,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -73.7841796875,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -73.71826171874999,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -73.6962890625,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -74.53125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 44.55916341529182\n ],\n [\n -75.95947265625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 44.22945656830167\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -77.01416015625,\n 43.723474896114794\n ],\n [\n -78.9697265625,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -78.94775390625,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -78.79394531249999,\n 42.8115217450979\n ],\n [\n -79.16748046874999,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -79.69482421875,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -80.96923828125,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -82.77099609375,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -85.84716796875,\n 37.63163475580643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee0e4b062508e3c7b1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":701468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoker, James W.","contributorId":52171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197671,"text":"70197671 - 1982 - Sedimentation, metamorphism and tectonic accretion of the Franciscan assemblage of northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-15T15:14:07","indexId":"70197671","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"10","title":"Sedimentation, metamorphism and tectonic accretion of the Franciscan assemblage of northern California","largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.29","usgsCitation":"Blake, M.C., Jayko, A.S., and Howell, D.G., 1982, Sedimentation, metamorphism and tectonic accretion of the Franciscan assemblage of northern California, chap. of Geological Society, London, Special Publications, p. 433-448, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.29.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"448","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolla Bolly terrane","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188735,"text":"70188735 - 1982 - Sensitivity of selected geomagnetic properties to truncation level of spherical harmonic expansions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T12:32:45","indexId":"70188735","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of selected geomagnetic properties to truncation level of spherical harmonic expansions","docAbstract":"A two day selection of MAGSAT data is fit by spherical harmonic series truncated at increasing levels NF in the range 2<NF<14 to determine the extent to which the geomagnetic Gauss coefficients depend upon truncation level of the fit. The dependence is found to be concentrated in the range n<NF≲n+4 decreasing rapidly in magnitude to a few nanotesla as n increases to about 6.
Several geomagnetic properties are then examined by evaluating them at various truncation levels N with NF fixed and N<NF. The spectrum of magnetic energy (outside the core and outside the earth) as determined by the NF=23 MAGSAT model MGST 1/81 is evaluated. It suggests that the crustal anomaly contribution to magnetic energy outside the core will not exceed 0.1%, when the expansion is truncated at N=8. The positions of certain contours of the geomagnetic elements on the core-mantle boundary and their intersections needed for magnetic determination of the core motions, are examined and found to be relatively stable when N changes from 7 to 8, but to exhibit greater sensitivity for both larger and smaller values of N.
This article contains supplementary material.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL009i004p00254","usgsCitation":"Benton, E., Estes, R.H., Langel, R., and Muth, L., 1982, Sensitivity of selected geomagnetic properties to truncation level of spherical harmonic expansions: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 9, no. 4, p. 254-257, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL009i004p00254.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd745e4b062508e39520a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benton, E.R.","contributorId":100550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benton","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, Ronald H.","contributorId":193258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estes","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langel, R.A.","contributorId":20918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muth, L.A.","contributorId":65224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188734,"text":"70188734 - 1982 - Representation of multiaquifer well effects in three-dimensional ground-water flow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T14:12:24","indexId":"70188734","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Representation of multiaquifer well effects in three-dimensional ground-water flow simulation","docAbstract":"The presence of multiaquifer or multilayer wells changes the nature of the equations which must be solved in a three-dimensional ground-water flow simulation and, in effect, alters the stencil of computation. A method has been devised which takes this change into consideration by allowing simulation of the hydraulic effects of a multiaquifer well on the aquifer system. It also allows for calculation of the water level and individual aquifer discharges in such a well. The method is valid for the case of a single well located at the center of a square node block. Where more than one well per node is involved, the effects of the stencil alteration still must be considered, although difficulties arise in estimating and justifying the parameters to be utilized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01354.x","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.D., Kontis, A.L., and Larson, S.P., 1982, Representation of multiaquifer well effects in three-dimensional ground-water flow simulation: Groundwater, v. 20, no. 3, p. 334-341, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01354.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"341","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd742e4b062508e3951f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Gordon D.","contributorId":18740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kontis, Angelo L.","contributorId":22809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"Angelo","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Steven P.","contributorId":78718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188684,"text":"70188684 - 1982 - A 40-foot static cone penetrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T11:05:12","indexId":"70188684","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5431,"text":"Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"A 40-foot static cone penetrometer","docAbstract":"The Navy needs a lightweight device for testing seafloor soils to sub bottom depths of 12 meters in water depths to 60 meters. To meet this need a quasistatic cone penetration device that uses water jetting to reduce friction on the cone rod has been developed. This device is called the XSP-40. The 5-ton XSP-40 stands 15 meters tall and pushes a standard 5-ton cone into the seafloor. It is remotely controlled with an electronic unit on the deck of the support vessel. All cone outputs are recorded directly as a function of penetration depth with a strip chart recorder. A full suite of gauges is provided. on the electronic unit for monitoring the XSP-40's performance during a test .. About 40 penetration tests have been performed with very good success.
The XSP-40 was field tested in Norton Sound, off the west coast of Alaska. The general objective, in addition to evaluation of the device, was to gather geotechnical information on sediments that may be involved in processes potentially hazardous to offshore development. Four example penetration records are presented from gas charged sediment zones and areas near the Yukon River delta. In general it was determined that soil classification from cone data agreed well with classifications from core samples. Relative densities of the silt-sand to sandy-silt soils were usually very high. The significance of these results are discussed with respect to storm wave, liquefaction.
It is concluded that the XSP-40 is a durable and reliable piece of equipment capable of achieving penetration beyond that possible when not using the water jet system.
During the past 8 years, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted an extensive investigation on the use of vertical seismic profiles (VSP) in a variety of seismic exploration applications. Seismic sources used were surface air guns, vibrators, explosives, marine air guns, and downhole air guns. Source offsets have ranged from 100 to 7800 ft. Well depths have been from 1200 to over 10,000 ft. We have found three specific ways in which VSPs can be applied to seismic exploration. First, seismic events observed at the surface of the ground can be traced, level by level, to their point of origin within the earth. Thus, one can tie a surface profile to a well log with an extraordinarily high degree of confidence. Second, one can establish the detectability of a target horizon, such as a porous zone. One can determine (either before or after surface profiling) whether or not a given horizon or layered sequence returns a detectable reflection to the surface. The amplitude and character of the reflection can also be observed. Third, acoustic properties of a stratigraphic sequence can be measured and sometimes correlated to important exploration parameters. For example, sometimes a relationship between apparent attenuation and sand percentage can be established. The technique shows additional promise of aiding surface exploration indirectly through studies of the evolution of the seismic pulse, studies of ghosts and multiples, and studies of seismic trace inversion techniques. Nearly all current seismic data‐processing techniques are adaptable to the processing of VSP data, such as normal moveout (NMO) corrections, stacking, single‐and multiple‐channel filtering, deconvolution, and wavelet shaping.
The bimodal Pleistocene part of the Coso volcanic field has erupted rhyolite and basalt at constant long-term rates during the past ∼0.5 m.y. Both basalt and high-silica rhyolite were erupted in several independent, geologically brief episodes. The interval between eruptions of rhyolite was proportional to the volume of the preceding eruption. Basaltic eruptions appear to have followed a similar pattern. These time-predictable relations would be expected if (1) extensional strain accumulates in roof rocks at a constant rate, (2) the accumulated strain is relieved by near-vertical fractures, which serve as conduits for eruptions, and (3) the volume of erupted material is proportional to the sum of the conduit (dike) widths. The long-term eruption rate of rhyolite is about 5.4 km3/m.y.; that of basalt is about 2.8 km3/m.y. These rates are less than those of magma supply inferred from heat-flow and petrologic arguments by factors of between 100 and 200.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<65:TBVITC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., 1982, Time-predictable bimodal volcanism in the Coso Range, California: Geology, v. 10, no. 2, p. 65-69, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<65:TBVITC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"69","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.87207031250001,\n 34.71452466170392\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 34.71452466170392\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 36.74768773190056\n ],\n [\n -118.87207031250001,\n 36.74768773190056\n ],\n [\n -118.87207031250001,\n 34.71452466170392\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b9e4b062508e382bcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188675,"text":"70188675 - 1982 - Diatom biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the type section of the Luisian Stage, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T15:25:45.709463","indexId":"70188675","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diatom biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the type section of the Luisian Stage, central California","docAbstract":"Diatoms from the type section of the Luisian Stage in central California correlate with the lowermost part of the Denticulopsis lauta Zone through the lower part of subzone \"a\" of the Denticulopsis hustedtii-D. lauta Zone and are early Middle Miocene in age (about 6.0 to 14.0 Ma), Rocks assigned to the Luisian Stage by benthic foraminifers elsewhere in California exhibit little diachroneity in terms of diatom biostratigraphy, however, detailed studies of boundaries have not been done. Planktic diatoms dominate the assemblages, although an increase in benthic and tychopelagic diatoms in the overlying Hames Member of the Monterey Formation probably reflects shoaling. A cooling trend is suggested by diatom assemblages in the upper part of the section and is most marked near the top of the type Luisian. This cooling trend is supported by data elsewhere in the Pacific Basin as well as by both megafossil and microfossil studies in California. One hundred four diatom taxa are documented, and one new species, Coscinodiscus volutus Baldauf, is described.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","usgsCitation":"Baldauf, J.G., and Barron, J.A., 1982, Diatom biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the type section of the Luisian Stage, central California: Micropaleontology, v. 28, no. 1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408886,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-28/article-160"},{"id":342697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Luis Obispbo County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":224,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"San Luis 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Jack G.","contributorId":97173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldauf","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188667,"text":"70188667 - 1982 - Source parameters of the 1980 Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T17:19:06","indexId":"70188667","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source parameters of the 1980 Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"From the more than 1500 Mammoth Lakes earthquakes recorded on three-component digital seismographs (Spudich et al., 1981), 150 were used in an analysis of the locations, mechanism, and source parameters. A composite fault plane solution of nine earthquakes 3.9 ≤ M ≤ 5.1 defines a right-lateral strike slip mechanism on a steeply dipping nearly east-west plane striking S75°E or left-lateral strike slip on a nearly north-south plane striking N10°E. Vertical cross sections of well-located aftershocks indicate possibly three east-west planes that coincide with the locations of the four largest earthquakes with ML ≥ 6.0. Using the spectral analysis of S waves (Brune, 1970), source parameters for 67 earthquakes were determined. Forty-eight had magnitudes greater than or equal to 3.0. Seismic moments ranged from 9.20×1018 dyn cm to 2.33×1024 dyn cm. Earthquakes with seismic moment greater than about 1.0×1021 dyn cm had nearly constant stress drops (≃ 50 bars); earthquakes with seismic moment less than about 1.0×1021 dyn cm had stress drops that apparently decrease as seismic moment decreases.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB06p04595","usgsCitation":"Archuleta, R.J., Cranswick, E., Mueller, C., and Spudich, P., 1982, Source parameters of the 1980 Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B6, p. 4595-4607, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB06p04595.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4595","endPage":"4607","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb087ib06p04595","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mono County","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth 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Ralph J.","contributorId":77801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cranswick, Edward","contributorId":15611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Charles","contributorId":57178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spudich, Paul","contributorId":54579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188949,"text":"70188949 - 1982 - Uranium-lead isotopic ages from the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T17:47:14","indexId":"70188949","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-lead isotopic ages from the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California","docAbstract":"This study provides new information on the timing and distribution of Mesozoic magmatic events in the Sierra Nevada batholithic complex chiefly between 36° and 37°N. latitude. U-Pb ages have been determined for 133 zircon and 7 sphene separates from 82 samples of granitoid rocks. Granitoid rocks in this area range in age from 217 to 80 m.y. Triassic intrusions are restricted to the east side of the batholith; Jurassic plutons occur south of the Triassic plutons east of the Sierra Nevada, as isolated masses within the Cretaceous batholith, and in the western foothills of the range; Cretaceous plutons form a continuous belt along the axis of the batholith and occur as isolated masses east of the Sierra Nevada. No granitic intrusions were emplaced for 37 m.y. east of the Sierra Nevada following the end of Jurassic plutonism. However, following emplacement of the eastern Jurassic granitoids, regional extension produced a fracture system at least 350 km long into which the dominantly mafic, calc-alkalic Independence dike swarm was intruded 148 m.y. ago. The dike fractures probably represents a period of regional crustal extension caused by a redistribution of the regional stress pattern accompanying the Nevadan orogeny. Intrusion of Cretaceous granitic plutons began in large volume about 120 m.y. ago in the western Sierra Nevada and migrated steadily eastward for 40 m.y. at a rate of 2.7 mm/y. This slow and constant migration indicates remarkably uniform conditions of subduction with perhaps downward migration of parent magma generation or a slight flattening of the subduction zone. Such steady conditions could be necessary for the production of large batholithic complexes such as the Sierra Nevada. The abrupt termination of plutonism 80 m.y. ago may have resulted from an increased rate of convergence of the American and eastern Pacific plates and dramatic flattening of the subduction zone. U-Pb ages of the Giant Forest-alaskite sequence in Sequoia National Park are all in the range 99±3 m.y., indicating a relatively short period of emplacement and cooling for this nested group of plutons. U-Pb ages of a mafic inclusion and its host granodiorite indicate that both were derived from a common source or that the mafic inclusion was totally equilibrated with the granodioritic magma. Comparison of isotopic ages determined by different methods such as zircon U-Pb, sphene U-Pb, hornblende K-Ar, and biotite K-Ar suggests that zircon U-Pb ages generally approximate the emplacement age of a pluton. However, some plutons probably contain inherited or entrained old zircons, and the zircons of some samples are disturbed by younger thermal and metamorphic events. The ages reported here are consistent with U-Pb age determinations previously made on granitic rocks to the north [Stern et al., 1981], The age distribution of granitic belts determined here is in general agreement with those established by K-Ar dating [Evernden and Kistler, 1970] but does not differentiate the five epochs of plutonism determined in their study.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB06p04761","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., 1982, Uranium-lead isotopic ages from the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B6, p. 4761-4784, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB06p04761.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"4761","endPage":"4784","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 35.37113502280101\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -116.12548828124999,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -120.5419921875,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -121.35498046875,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -120.21240234375001,\n 37.63163475580643\n ],\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 35.37113502280101\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee0e4b062508e3c7b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.","contributorId":104634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188950,"text":"70188950 - 1982 - The occurrence of the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis zone (Palynomorphs) in the Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T22:30:39.172129","indexId":"70188950","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence of the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis zone (Palynomorphs) in the Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Texas","docAbstract":"The Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous palynological zones defined in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province and which occur in the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain Province are characterized by a paucity of marine invertebrate fossils. As a result, correlation of these zones with European and provincial stages, as well as with other microfossil and megafossil zones is tenuous. However, an examination of a complete section of the Eagle Ford Group and adjacent strata in Texas reveals that: 1) the upper part of the Woodbine Formation and the Tarrant Formation of the overlying Eagle Ford Group represent a biostratigraphic interval that is absent in the Atlantic and eastern Gulf Coastal Plain Provinces; 2) the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis Zone (zone IV of some authors) occurs within the Britton Formation (Eagle Ford Group), and is equivalent to the upper part of the Rotalipora cushmani-greenhornensis Subzone (planktic foraminifers) and possibly to the Sciponoceras gracile Zone (ammonites); 3) the Arcadia Park Formation (Eagle Ford Group) contains a mixed assemblage of palynomorphs that includes guides to both the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis and the overlying Complexiopollis exigua-Santalacites minor Zones, suggesting that biostratigraphic equivalents of the Arcadia Park Formation are not represented in the Atlantic and eastern Gulf Coastal Plain Provinces; and 4) in the basal part of the Austin Chalk of Texas, only one guide palynomorph to the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis Zone was recognized, but guides to the Complexiopollis exigua-Santalacites minor Zone are present. The Tuscaloosa Group of the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain appears to be biostratigraphically equivalent to the Complexiopollis-Atlantopollis Zone, and therefore correlative with the middle to upper part of the Britton Formation of the Eagle Ford Group.
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A.","contributorId":29812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188952,"text":"70188952 - 1982 - Terranes and suture zones in east central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T18:13:37","indexId":"70188952","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terranes and suture zones in east central Alaska","docAbstract":"East central Alaska, with its 17 terranes, forms a part of the mosaic of allochthonous terranes that join the North American and Siberian plates. These terranes range from continental and continental margin, such as the Tatonduk with its thick well-bedded succession of marine shelf rocks, to seamount, arc, and ocean floor terranes. The Yukon crystalline terrane, the largest described here, is a composite of at least four subterranes juxtaposed across the Tintina fault with the Tatonduk terrane, a northwestern extension of the North American plate in Alaska. Inboard of the Yukon crystalline terrane are packets of closely appressed microterranes separated from the Tatonduk and other terranes belonging to North America by major suture zones. These microterranes lie between North America and the mosaic of accretionary terranes that form the more southerly part of Alaska. The most obviously allochthonous microterranes within the suture zones are the Woodchopper Canyon, an Early Devonian basaltic seamount, and the White Mountains, an Ordovician volcanic arc terrane capped by Silurian and Devonian carbonate bank deposits. The nearest counterpart of these terranes is the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska. The Tintina fault of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age, like the Denali fault, primarily follows old suture zones that separate terranes. Strike slip faulting developed after collision in places where further convergence was oblique to the terrane margins. Where terranes met head-on, their leading edges lie along a multiple set of high-angle faults that outline microterranes in accretion zones.
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B5, p. 3718-3730, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB05p03718.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3718","endPage":"3730","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.5234375,\n 67.67608458198097\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 62.734600877063585\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 62.694309593663185\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 67.65938637009882\n ],\n [\n -151.5234375,\n 67.67608458198097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536edfe4b062508e3c7b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Churkin, M. Jr.","contributorId":46682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churkin","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, H.L.","contributorId":34894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, R. M.","contributorId":47380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, F. R.","contributorId":105303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187882,"text":"70187882 - 1982 - Net-mortality of Common Murres and Atlantic Puffins in Newfoundland, 1951-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T17:48:01","indexId":"70187882","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Net-mortality of Common Murres and Atlantic Puffins in Newfoundland, 1951-81","docAbstract":"Band recoveries (N = 315) over 26 years (1951-77) and three surveys of seabird bycatch in inshore fishing nets (1972, 1980-81) indicate that there has been a substantial net-mortality of Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) and Common Murres (Uria aalge) in Newfoundland coastal waters for the past 2 decades. Offshore (e.g. Grand Banks) gill-netting is limited, but some data suggest that murre net-mortality also occurs offshore at murre wintering areas. The vast majority of inshore net-mortality incidents occur over a 2-week period during the annual inshore spawning migration of capelin (Mallotus villosus), the major prey item for alcids in eastern Canada. Most murres (83%) were drowned in bottom-set (30-185 m) cod (Gadus morhua) gill nets, whereas more puffins were drowned in surface-set salmon (Salmo salar) gill nets or cod traps (55%) than in cod gillnets (45%). Murre band recoveries, colony censuses, and fishing-effort data suggest that at the second largest Common Murre colony in Newfoundland (Witless Bay Seabird Sanctuary, 77,000 breeding pairs) net-mortality was relatively low in the 1950s and early 1960s, but increased during the 1960s as the murre population grew in size and gill-net fishing effort increased in the colony area. By 1971, net-mortality accounted for 70% of murre band recoveries and calculations show that almost 30,000 breeding adults, or about 20% of the local breeding population, were drowned in that year. More reliable estimates of alcid bycatch in the Witless Bay area have been made on the basis of actual bycatch surveys. In 1972 about 20,000 adult murres, or 13% of the breeding stock, were killed in gill-nets. Net-mortality of murres apparently diminished through the 1970s as capelin stocks declined and fewer birds foraged in heavily netted inshore areas. Bycatch surveys in the Witless Bay area in 1980-81 revealed that, relative to previous years, murre net-mortality was greatly reduced and resulted in the loss of only 3-4% of the breeding stock. Even these low mortality rates, however, are cause for concern as adult murre mortality from all sources (including hunting, oil, and natural mortality) should not exceed 6-12% per annum to maintain a stable breeding population. Little is known about the magnitude of net-mortality at other major Newfoundland murre colonies though it is known to be a problem in all colony areas. The bycatch of adult Atlantic Puffins in the Witless Bay area was low compared to murre bycatch and in 3 years of study never exceeded 1.6% of the breeding population. During the 1970s, fishing effort increased five-fold in colony areas and we predict that if capelin spawning stocks return to early 1970s size, then net-mortality of puffins and murres in Newfoundland coastal regions will increase dramatically. Indeed, preliminary examination of 1982 capelin spawning and seabird bycatch data suggests that capelin were much more abundant inshore and murre bycatch increased two- to three-fold over 1981.
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Murres","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T17:50:58","indexId":"70187884","displayToPublicDate":"1982-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recent trends in the west Greenland salmon fishery, and implications for Thick-billed Murres","docAbstract":"In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a high net-mortality of seabirds, particularly Thick-billed Murres (Uria lomvia), was associated with the west Greenland salmon fishery. Since 1972, the domestic fishery has been controlled by quotas and fishery opening dates and non-Greenlandic offshore drift-net fishery was phased out in 1975. These restrictions probably resulted in a substantial decrease in murre net-mortality. However, the Greenlandic fishery has changed considerably since 1972 when seabird bycatch was last examined in detail. Fishing vessels now use monofilament nylon nets almost exclusively; fishing effort has redistributed closer to murre breeding colonies and intensive drift-netting occurs offshore on the continental shelf. These factors, combined with a change in 1981 to a later fishing season have probably resulted in a renewal of significant murre net-morality at west Greenland.
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