This study focused on the importance of the colmation layer in the removal of cyanobacteria, viruses, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during natural bank filtration. Injection-and-recovery studies were performed at two shallow (0.5 m deep), sandy, near-shore sites at the southern end of Ashumet Pond, a waste-impacted, kettle pond on Cape Cod, MA, that is subject to periodic blooms of cyanobacteria and continuously recharges a sole-source drinking-water aquifer. The experiment involved assessing the transport behaviors of bromide (conservative tracer), Synechococcus sp. IU625 (cyanobacterium, 2.6 ± 0.2 µm), AS-1 (tailed cyanophage, 110 nm long), MS2 (coliphage, 26 nm diameter), and carboxylate-modified microspheres (1.7 µm diameter) introduced to the colmation layer using a bag-and-barrel (Lee-type) seepage meter. The injectate constituents were tracked as they were advected across the pond water–groundwater interface and through the underlying aquifer sediments under natural-gradient conditions past push-point samplers placed at ∼30-cm intervals along a 1.2-m-long, diagonally downward flow path. More than 99% of the microspheres, IU625, MS2, AS-1, and ∼44% of the pond DOC were removed in the colmation layer (upper 25 cm of poorly sorted bottom sediments) at two test locations characterized by dissimilar seepage rates (1.7 vs. 0.26 m d−1). Retention profiles in recovered core material indicated that >82% of the attached IU625 were in the top 3 cm of bottom sediments. The colmation layer was also responsible for rapid changes in the character of the DOC and was more effective (by three orders of magnitude) at removing microspheres than was the underlying 20-cm-thick segment of sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2015.03.0151","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., Metge, D.W., LeBlanc, D.R., Underwood, J., Aiken, G.R., Butler, K.D., McCobb, T.D., and Jasperse, J., 2015, Importance of the colmation layer in the transport and removal of cyanobacteria, viruses, and dissolved organic carbon during natural lake-bank filtration: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 44, no. 5, p. 1413-1423, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.03.0151.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1423","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066009","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central 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Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Underwood, Jennifer C. jcunder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"Jennifer C.","email":"jcunder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCobb, Timothy D. 0000-0003-1533-847X tmccobb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":2012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"Timothy","email":"tmccobb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jasperse, Jay","contributorId":168661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jasperse","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":17863,"text":"Sonoma County Water Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156394,"text":"sir20155112 - 2015 - Trace-metal and organic constituent concentrations in bed sediment at Big Base and Little Base Lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas—Comparisons to sediment-quality guidelines and indications for timing of exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-17T09:49:41","indexId":"sir20155112","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-16T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5112","title":"Trace-metal and organic constituent concentrations in bed sediment at Big Base and Little Base Lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas—Comparisons to sediment-quality guidelines and indications for timing of exposure","docAbstract":"This report compares concentrations for a wide range of inorganic and organic constituents in bed sediment from Big Base Lake and Little Base Lake, which are located on Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, to sediment-quality guidelines. This report also compares trace-metal concentrations in a bed-sediment core sample to sediment age to determine when the highest concentrations of trace metals were deposited in Big Base Lake.
\nTrace-metal results often were higher than background concentrations in the surrounding Pulaski County area, and concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and zinc at one or more of three study sites were higher than median concentrations for a study involving 98 urban streams in seven metropolitan areas of the United States. Concentrations for most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in all three bed-sediment samples were less than the laboratory reporting limit or were detected at low concentrations.
\nSome contaminants were detected at concentrations that are potentially toxic to sediment-dwelling biota; however, in general, the analyses suggest that the risk of sediment toxicity may be relatively low. Threshold effect concentrations were exceeded for 14 constituents—arsenic, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds, chlordane, and all three dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) congeners—which suggests potential toxicity to some sediment-dwelling biota. Only two constituents had concentrations that exceeded published probable effect concentrations—arsenic (at the deepest site in Big Base Lake, NS6) and p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p’-DDE; at both sites in Big Base Lake, NS5 and NS6).
\nRegarding highest concentrations and associated timing of exposure, trace metals analyzed in the sediment core seem to indicate three fairly distinct exposure patterns. For 11 trace metals that had the highest concentration measured in the shallowest and most recently deposited sediment, the most likely explanation is recent exposure by anthropogenic activities. Most of the 11 trace metals with highest concentrations in shallow sediment are relatively innocuous; however, arsenic, copper, selenium, and zinc are among the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 126 priority pollutants. For three trace metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury), for which concentrations were highest in sediments that were 16–20 centimeters down the core, it is likely that a source associated with those contaminants during the period when those sediments were deposited, was reduced or eliminated. The eight remaining trace metals, for which concentrations were highest in sediments that were just below the prereservoir surface, likely had sources that were eliminated soon after lake construction or occurred at relatively high background concentrations in soils in the area around Little Rock Air Force Base.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Little Rock Air Force Base","usgsCitation":"Justus, B.G., Hays, P.D., and Hart, R.M., 2015, Trace-metal and organic constituent concentrations in bed sediment at Big Base and Little Base Lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas—Comparisons to sediment-quality guidelines and indications for timing of exposure: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5112, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155112.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065235","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5112/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":308111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5112/sir20155112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"526 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5112"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Big Base Lake, Little Base Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.16859817504881,\n 34.89230245992801\n ],\n [\n -92.16859817504881,\n 34.89849749646823\n ],\n [\n -92.16068029403685,\n 34.89849749646823\n ],\n [\n -92.16068029403685,\n 34.89230245992801\n ],\n [\n -92.16859817504881,\n 34.89230245992801\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
401 Hardin Road
Little Rock, Arkansas 72211–3528
http://ar.water.usgs.gov/
Past laboratory and field studies have quantified phenolic substances in vegetative matter from reflectance measurements for understanding plant response to herbivores and insect predation. Past remote sensing studies on phenolics have evaluated crop quality and vegetation patterns caused by bedrock geology and associated variations in soil geochemistry. We examined spectra of pure phenolic compounds, common plant biochemical constituents, dry leaves, fresh leaves, and plant canopies for direct evidence of absorption features attributable to plant phenolics. Using spectral feature analysis with continuum removal, we observed that a narrow feature at 1.66 μm is persistent in spectra of manzanita, sumac, red maple, sugar maple, tea, and other species. This feature was consistent with absorption caused by aromatic C-H bonds in the chemical structure of phenolic compounds and non-hydroxylated aromatics. Because of overlapping absorption by water, the feature was weaker in fresh leaf and canopy spectra compared to dry leaf measurements. Simple linear regressions of feature depth and feature area with polyphenol concentration in tea resulted in high correlations and low errors (% phenol by dry weight) at the dry leaf (r2 = 0.95, RMSE = 1.0%, n = 56), fresh leaf (r2 = 0.79, RMSE = 2.1%, n = 56), and canopy (r2 = 0.78, RMSE = 1.0%, n = 13) levels of measurement. Spectra of leaves, needles, and canopies of big sagebrush and evergreens exhibited a weak absorption feature centered near 1.63 μm, short ward of the phenolic compounds, possibly consistent with terpenes. This study demonstrates that subtle variation in vegetation spectra in the shortwave infrared can directly indicate biochemical constituents and be used to quantify them. Phenolics are of lesser abundance compared to the major plant constituents but, nonetheless, have important plant functions and ecological significance. Additional research is needed to advance our understanding of the spectral influences of plant phenolics and terpenes relative to dominant leaf biochemistry (water, chlorophyll, protein/nitrogen, cellulose, and lignin).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2015.01.010","collaboration":"Andrew K. Skidmore, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, The Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., and Skidmore, A.K., 2015, Plant phenolics and absorption features in vegetation reflectance spectra near 1.66 μm: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 43, p. 55-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.01.010.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059901","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.01.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa849ce4b05d6c4e501a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":139570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skidmore, Andrew K","contributorId":147736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skidmore","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":16918,"text":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160791,"text":"70160791 - 2015 - Quantification of 15 bile acids in lake charr feces by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T15:33:17","indexId":"70160791","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-15T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2215,"text":"Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of 15 bile acids in lake charr feces by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Many fishes are hypothesized to use bile acids (BAs) as chemical cues, yet quantification of BAs in biological samples and the required methods remain limited. Here, we present an UHPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous, sensitive, and rapid quantification of 15 BAs, including free, taurine, and glycine conjugated BAs, and application of the method to fecal samples from lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush). The analytes were separated on a C18 column with acetonitrile–water (containing 7.5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min for 12 min. BAs were monitored with a negative electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Xevo TQ-S™). Calibration curves of 15 BAs were linear over the concentration range of 1.00–5,000 ng/mL. Validation revealed that the method was specific, accurate, and precise. The method was applied to quantitative analysis of feces extract of fry lake charr and the food they were eating. The concentrations of analytes CA, TCDCA, TCA, and CDCA were 242.3, 81.2, 60.7, and 36.2 ng/mg, respectively. However, other taurine conjugated BAs, TUDCA, TDCA, and THDCA, were not detected in feces of lake charr. Interestingly, TCA and TCDCA were detected at high concentrations in food pellets, at 71.9 and 38.2 ng/mg, respectively. Application of the method to feces samples from lake charr supported a role of BAs as chemical cues, and will enhance further investigation of BAs as chemical cues in other fish species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.028","collaboration":"Li, K.; Buchinger, T.J.; Bussy, U.; Fissette, S.D.; Li W.","usgsCitation":"Li, K., Buchinger, T.J., Bussy, U., Fissette, S.D., Johnson, N., and Li, W., 2015, Quantification of 15 bile acids in lake charr feces by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, v. 1001, p. 27-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.028.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066854","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1001","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56850ee6e4b0a04ef4933ab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Ke","contributorId":94959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bussy, Ugo","contributorId":150993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bussy","given":"Ugo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fissette, Skye D.","contributorId":150994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fissette","given":"Skye","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":150983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":126748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148101,"text":"70148101 - 2015 - Tracing chlorine sources of thermal and mineral springs along and across the Cascade Range using halogen and chlorine isotope compositions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T13:50:51","indexId":"70148101","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-15T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing chlorine sources of thermal and mineral springs along and across the Cascade Range using halogen and chlorine isotope compositions","docAbstract":"In order to provide constraints on the sources of chlorine in spring waters associated with arc volcanism, the major/minor element concentrations and stable isotope compositions of chlorine, oxygen, and hydrogen were measured in 28 thermal and mineral springs along the Cascade Range in northwestern USA. Chloride concentrations in the springs range from 64 to 19,000 mg/L and View the MathML source values range from +0.2‰ to +1.9‰ (average=+1.0±0.4‰), with no systematic variation along or across the arc, nor correlations with their presumed underlying basement lithologies. Additionally, nine geochemically well-characterized lavas from across the Mt. St. Helens/Mt. Adams region of the Cascade Range (Leeman et al., 2004 and Leeman et al., 2005) were analyzed for their halogen concentrations and Cl isotope compositions. In the arc lavas, Cl and Br concentrations from the volcanic front are higher than in lavas from the forearc and backarc. F and I concentrations progressively decrease from forearc to backarc, similar to the trend documented for B in most arcs. View the MathML source values of the lavas range from −0.1 to +0.8‰ (average = +0.4±0.3‰). Our results suggest that the predominantly positive View the MathML source values observed in the springs are consistent with water interaction with underlying 37Cl-enriched basalt and/or altered oceanic crust, thereby making thermal spring waters a reasonable proxy for the Cl isotope compositions of associated volcanic rocks in the Cascades. However, waters with View the MathML source values >+1.0‰ also suggest additional contributions of chlorine degassed from cooling magmas due to subsurface vapor–liquid HCl fractionation in which Cl is lost to the aqueous fluid phase and 37Cl is concentrated in the ascending magmatic HCl vapor. Future work is necessary to better constrain Cl isotope behavior during volcanic degassing and fluid–rock interaction in order to improve volatile flux estimates through subduction zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.052","usgsCitation":"Cullen, J.T., Barnes, J., Hurwitz, S., and Leeman, W.P., 2015, Tracing chlorine sources of thermal and mineral springs along and across the Cascade Range using halogen and chlorine isotope compositions: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 426, p. 225-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.052.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065832","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.052","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.50732421874999,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -127.50732421874999,\n 50.17689812200105\n ],\n [\n -118.71826171875,\n 50.17689812200105\n ],\n [\n -118.71826171875,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -127.50732421874999,\n 38.839707613545144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"426","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a37e4b00162522207f0","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.052","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.052","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Cullen Jeffrey T., Barnes Jaime D., Hurwitz Shaul, Leeman William P.","journalName":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","publicationDate":"9/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cullen, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":140885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cullen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Jaime D.","contributorId":140886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Jaime D.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":140884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leeman, William P.","contributorId":87142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174883,"text":"70174883 - 2015 - Strongly-sheared wind-forced currents in the nearshore regions of the central Southern California Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-11T16:42:54","indexId":"70174883","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-15T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strongly-sheared wind-forced currents in the nearshore regions of the central Southern California Bight","docAbstract":"Contrary to many previous reports, winds do drive currents along the shelf in the central portion of the Southern California Bight (SCB). Winds off Huntington Beach CA are the dominant forcing for currents over the nearshore region of the shelf (water depths less than 20 m). Winds control about 50–70% of the energy in nearshore alongshelf surface currents. The wind-driven current amplitudes are also anomalously high. For a relatively weak 1 dyne/cm2 wind stress, the alongshelf surface current amplitudes in this region can reach 80 cm/s or more. Mid-depth current amplitudes for the same wind stress are around 30–40 cm/s. These wind-driven surface current amplitudes are much larger than previously measured over other nearshore shelf regions, perhaps because this program is one of the few that measured currents within a meter of the surface. The near-bed cross-shelf currents over the nearshore region of the Huntington Beach shelf have an Ekman response to winds in that they upwell (downwell) for down (up) coast winds. This response disappears further offshore. Hence, there is upwelling in the SCB, but it does not occur across the entire shelf. Subthermocline water in the nearshore region that may contain nutrients and plankton move onshore when winds are southeastward, but subthermocline water over the shelf break is not transported to the beach. The currents over the outer shelf are not predominately controlled by winds, consistent with previous reports. Instead, they are mainly driven by cross-shelf pressure gradients that are independent of local wind stress.
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\"}}]}","volume":"106","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a190e4b030378fb47461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. 0000-0002-5185-5776 krosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-5776","contributorId":140453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, George L.","contributorId":58199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155523,"text":"ds948 - 2015 - U.S. conterminous wall-to-wall anthropogenic land use trends (NWALT), 1974–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-17T10:12:03","indexId":"ds948","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"948","title":"U.S. conterminous wall-to-wall anthropogenic land use trends (NWALT), 1974–2012","docAbstract":"This dataset provides a U.S. national 60-meter, 19-class mapping of anthropogenic land uses for five time periods: 1974, 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2012. The 2012 dataset is based on a slightly modified version of the National Land Cover Database 2011 (NLCD 2011) that was recoded to a schema of land uses, and mapped back in time to develop datasets for the four earlier eras. The time periods coincide with U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Census of Agriculture data collection years. Changes are derived from (a) known changes in water bodies from reservoir construction or removal; (b) housing unit density changes; (c) regional mining/extraction trends; (d) for 1999–2012, timber and forestry activity based on U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (Landfire) data; (e) county-level USDA Census of Agriculture change in cultivated land; and (f) establishment dates of major conservation areas. The data are compared to several other published studies and datasets as validation. Caveats are provided about limitations of the data for some classes. The work was completed as part of the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program and termed the NAWQA Wall-to-Wall Anthropogenic Land Use Trends (NWALT) dataset. The associated datasets include five 60-meter geospatial rasters showing anthropogenic land use for the years 1974, 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2012, and 14 rasters showing the annual extent of timber clearcutting and harvest from 1999 to 2012.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds948","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., 2015, U.S. conterminous wall-to-wall anthropogenic land use trends (NWALT), 1974–2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 948, 33 p. plus appendixes 3–6 as separate files, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds948.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 33 p.; Appendixes 3-6; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066108","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308093,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds948_NWALT.xml","text":"DS 948 NWALT","description":"DS 948"},{"id":308002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0948/ds948.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 948"},{"id":308001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0948/cover.jpg"},{"id":308003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0948/appendix/ds948_appendix3.pdf","text":"DS 948 - Appendix 3","size":"106 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 948"},{"id":308004,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0948/appendix/ds948_appendix4.pdf","text":"DS 948 - Appendix 4","size":"161 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 948"},{"id":308005,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0948/appendix/ds948_appendix5.pdf","text":"DS 948 - Appendix 5","size":"8.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 948"},{"id":308006,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0948/appendix/ds948_appendix6.xlsx","text":"DS 948 - Appendix 6","size":"97.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 948"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Chief, Office of Water Quality
U.S. Geological Survey
412 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/owq/
Decisionmakers need information about the quality and quantity of stormwater runoff, the risk for adverse effects of runoff on receiving waters, and the potential effectiveness of mitigation measures to reduce these risks. The Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM) uses Monte Carlo methods to generate stormflows, concentrations, and loads from a highway site and an upstream basin to provide needed risk-based information. SELDM was designed to help inform water-management decisions for streams and lakes receiving runoff from a highway or other land-use site. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief description of SELDM and a hypothetical case study demonstrating the type of risk-based information that SELDM can provide. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were selected as example constituents because nutrients are a common concern throughout the Nation and data for receiving waters, highway runoff, and the performance of best management practices (BMPs) are readily available for these constituents.
\nThe case study is hypothetical, but was formulated by using actual data from selected monitoring sites in New England. Data representing streamflow and water-quality were collected at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage 01208950 Sasco Brook near Southport, CT, which has a drainage area of 7.38 square miles. In this hypothetical case study a 4-lane highway would replace the current 2-lane road and would have a contributing area of 2.2 acres between the topographic basin divides. Concentrations of TN and TP in highway runoff were simulated with data from USGS highway-runoff monitoring station 423027071291301 along State Route 2 in Littleton Massachusetts. Results of a highway-runoff analysis are shown in relation to three hypothetical discharge criteria for TN and two hypothetical discharge criteria for TP. The risks for exceeding TN discharge criteria of 3, 5, and 8 mg/L for highway runoff are 7.4, 0.83, and 0.13 percent of 1,721 runoff events that may occur during a stochastic 30-year simulation. If a grassy swale is used to treat the runoff, the risks for TN exceedances are reduced to 3.2, 0.33 and 0.03 percent, respectively. The risks for exceeding TP discharge criteria of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L for highway runoff are 49 and 1.2 percent, respectively. If a grassy swale is used to treat the runoff, the risks for TP exceedances are 57 and 0.8 percent, respectively. The risks for the 0.1 mg/L criterion increase because swales can be a source of TP if pavement concentrations are low. The risks for the 0.5 mg/L criterion decrease because the swale is effective for reducing high TP concentrations. Although the results are mixed for storm-event concentrations, the grassy swale effectively reduces annual loads. Annual loads from the swale are, on average, about 49 percent of highway loads for TN and 62 percent of highway loads of TP because the swale reduces high runoff concentrations and stormflow volumes. Analysis of upstream and downstream concentrations indicates that runoff from the site of interest does not have a substantial effect on instream stormflow concentrations in this example simulation.
","conferenceTitle":"StormCon","conferenceDate":"08/6/2015","conferenceLocation":"Austin, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Forester Media Inc.","publisherLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA","collaboration":"Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Granato, G.E., and Jones, S.C., 2015, A case study demonstrating analysis of stormflows, concentrations, and loads of nutrients in highway runoff and swale discharge with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM), StormCon, Austin, TX, 08/6/2015, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063178","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307902,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://webdmamrl.er.usgs.gov/g1/FHWA/Presentations/GranatoJones2015StormCon.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f7e19ee4b05d6c4e4fa951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":147346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Susan C. 0000-0002-5891-5209","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-5209","contributorId":64716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":34302,"text":"Federal Highway Administration (United States)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156605,"text":"ofr20151164 - 2015 - Field and laboratory guide to freshwater cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms for Native American and Alaska Native communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-14T10:30:03","indexId":"ofr20151164","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1164","title":"Field and laboratory guide to freshwater cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms for Native American and Alaska Native communities","docAbstract":"Cyanobacteria can produce toxins and form harmful algal blooms. The Native American and Alaska Native communities that are dependent on subsistence fishing have an increased risk of exposure to these cyanotoxins. It is important to recognize the presence of an algal bloom in a waterbody and to distinguish a potentially toxic harmful algal bloom from a non-toxic bloom. This guide provides field images that show cyanobacteria blooms, some of which can be toxin producers, as well as other non-toxic algae blooms and floating plants that might be confused with algae. After recognition of a potential toxin-producing cyanobacterial bloom in the field, the type(s) of cyanobacteria present needs to be identified. Species identification, which requires microscopic examination, may help distinguish a toxin-producer from a non-toxin producer. This guide also provides microscopic images of the common cyanobacteria that are known to produce toxins, as well as images of algae that form blooms but do not produce toxins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151164","usgsCitation":"Rosen, B.H., and St. Amand, Ann, Field and laboratory guide to freshwater cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms for Native American and Alaska Native Communities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1164, 44 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151164.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065834","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1164/ofr20151164.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1164"},{"id":308070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1164/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"National Tribal Liaison
USGS Office of Tribal Relations
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 911
Reston, VA 20192
(703) 648-4437
Managing freshwater resources sustainably under future climatic and hydrological uncertainty poses novel challenges. Rehabilitation of ageing infrastructure and construction of new dams are widely viewed as solutions to diminish climate risk, but attaining the broad goal of freshwater sustainability will require expansion of the prevailing water resources management paradigm beyond narrow economic criteria to include socially valued ecosystem functions and services. We introduce a new decision framework, eco-engineering decision scaling (EEDS), that explicitly and quantitatively explores trade-offs in stakeholder-defined engineering and ecological performance metrics across a range of possible management actions under unknown future hydrological and climate states. We illustrate its potential application through a hypothetical case study of the Iowa River, USA. EEDS holds promise as a powerful framework for operationalizing freshwater sustainability under future hydrological uncertainty by fostering collaboration across historically conflicting perspectives of water resource engineering and river conservation ecology to design and operate water infrastructure for social and environmental benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Pub. Group","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1038/nclimate2765","usgsCitation":"Poff, N., Brown, C.M., Grantham, T.E., Matthews, J.H., Palmer, M.A., Spence, C.M., Wilby, R.L., Haasnoot, M., Mendoza, G., Dominique, K.C., and Baeza, A., 2015, Sustainable water management under future uncertainty with eco-engineering decision scaling: Nature Climate Change, v. 6, p. 25-34, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2765.","productDescription":"10","startPage":"25","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063765","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19029","text":"External Repository"},{"id":316737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bb1bd1e4b08d617f654e6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poff, N LeRoy","contributorId":156377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poff","given":"N LeRoy","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Casey M","contributorId":156378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grantham, Theodore E. tgrantham@usgs.gov","contributorId":156376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantham","given":"Theodore","email":"tgrantham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matthews, John H","contributorId":156379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":20334,"text":"Alliance for Global Water Adaptation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palmer, Margaret A.","contributorId":149194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17669,"text":"Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spence, Caitlin M","contributorId":156380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spence","given":"Caitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilby, Robert L.","contributorId":101561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Haasnoot, Marjolijn","contributorId":156381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haasnoot","given":"Marjolijn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17614,"text":"Delft University of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mendoza, Guillermo F","contributorId":156382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendoza","given":"Guillermo F","affiliations":[{"id":13502,"text":"US Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dominique, Kathleen C","contributorId":156383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dominique","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":20335,"text":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baeza, Andres","contributorId":156384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baeza","given":"Andres","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20336,"text":"National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70155942,"text":"sir20155113 - 2015 - Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in fractured-rock aquifers of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Bedford County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-02T09:44:16","indexId":"sir20155113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-11T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5113","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in fractured-rock aquifers of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Bedford County, Virginia","docAbstract":"An annual groundwater budget was computed as part of a hydrogeologic characterization and monitoring effort of fractured-rock aquifers in Bedford County, Virginia, a growing 764-square-mile (mi2) rural area between the cities of Roanoke and Lynchburg, Virginia. Data collection in Bedford County began in the 1930s when continuous stream gages were installed on Goose Creek and Big Otter River, the two major tributaries of the Roanoke River within the county. Between 2006 and 2014, an additional 2 stream gages, 3 groundwater monitoring wells, and 12 partial-record stream gages were operated. Hydrograph separation methods were used to compute base-flow recharge rates from the continuous data collected from the continuous stream gages. Mean annual base-flow recharge ranged from 8.3 inches per year (in/yr) for the period 1931–2012 at Goose Creek near Huddleston (drainage area 188 mi2) to 9.3 in/yr for the period 1938–2012 at Big Otter River near Evington (drainage area 315 mi2). Mean annual base-flow recharge was estimated to be 6.5 in/yr for the period 2007–2012 at Goose Creek at Route 747 near Bunker Hill (drainage area 125 mi2) and 8.9 in/yr for the period 2007–2012 at Big Otter River at Route 221 near Bedford (drainage area 114 mi2). Base-flow recharge computed from the partial-record data ranged from 5.0 in/yr in the headwaters of Goose Creek to 10.5 in/yr in the headwaters of Big Otter River.
\nA steady-state groundwater-flow simulation for Bedford County was developed to test the conceptual understanding of flow in the fractured-rock aquifers and to compute a groundwater budget for the four major drainages: James River, Smith Mountain and Leesville Lakes, Goose Creek, and Big Otter River. Model results indicate that groundwater levels mimic topography and that minimal differences in aquifer properties exist between the Proterozoic basement crystalline rocks and Late Proterozoic-Cambrian cover crystalline rocks. The Big Otter River receives 40.8 percent of the total daily groundwater outflow from fractured-rock aquifers in Bedford County; Goose Creek receives 25.8 percent, the James River receives 18.2 percent, and Smith Mountain and Leesville Lakes receive 15.2 percent. The remaining percentage of outflow is attributed to pumping from the aquifer (consumptive use).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155113","issn":"2328-031X","isbn":"978-1-4113-3965-1","usgsCitation":"McCoy, K.J., White, B.A., Yager, R.M., and Harlow, G.E., Jr., 2015, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in fractured-rock aquifers of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Bedford County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5113, 54 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155113.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039535","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5113/sir20155113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5113"},{"id":308063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5113/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Bedford County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 36.97622678464096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, Virginia 23228
http://va.water.usgs.gov/
Management of aquatic resources in fire-prone areas requires understanding of fish species’ responses to wildfire and of the intermediate- and long-term consequences of these disturbances. We examined Rainbow Trout populations in 9 headwater streams 10 y after a major wildfire: 3 with no history of severe wildfire in the watershed (unburned), 3 in severely burned watersheds (burned), and 3 in severely burned watersheds subjected to immediate events that scoured the stream channel and eliminated streamside vegetation (burned and reorganized). Results of a previous study of this system suggested the primary lasting effects of this wildfire history on headwater stream habitat were differences in canopy cover and solar radiation, which led to higher summer stream temperatures. Nevertheless, trout were present throughout streams in burned watersheds. Older age classes were least abundant in streams draining watersheds with a burned and reorganized history, and individuals >1 y old were most abundant in streams draining watersheds with an unburned history. Burned history corresponded with fast growth, low lipid content, and early maturity of Rainbow Trout. We used an individual-based model of Rainbow Trout growth and demographic patterns to determine if temperature interactions with bioenergetics and competition among individuals could lead to observed phenotypic and ecological differences among populations in the absence of other plausible mechanisms. Modeling suggested that moderate warming associated with wildfire and channel disturbance history leads to faster individual growth, which exacerbates competition for limited food, leading to decreases in population densities. The inferred mechanisms from this modeling exercise suggest the transferability of ecological patterns to a variety of temperature-warming scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/683338","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, A.E., Dunham, J., Neuswanger, J.R., and Railsback, S.F., 2015, Legacy effects of wildfire on stream thermal regimes and rainbow trout ecology: an integrated analysis of observation and individual-based models: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1571-1584, https://doi.org/10.1086/683338.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1571","endPage":"1584","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059107","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River, Boise National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -114.92248535156249,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -114.92248535156249,\n 43.52465500687185\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 43.52465500687185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f29ba9e4b0dacf699ec695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. jdunham@usgs.gov","contributorId":147527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuswanger, Jason R.","contributorId":15530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuswanger","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Railsback, Steven F.","contributorId":147528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Railsback","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16859,"text":"Lang, Railsback, and Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168814,"text":"70168814 - 2015 - Influence of changes in wetland inundation extent on net fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane in northern high latitudes from 1993 to 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T11:01:58","indexId":"70168814","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of changes in wetland inundation extent on net fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane in northern high latitudes from 1993 to 2004","docAbstract":"Estimates of the seasonal and interannual exchanges of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) between land ecosystems north of 45°N and the atmosphere are poorly constrained, in part, because of uncertainty in the temporal variability of water-inundated land area. Here we apply a process-based biogeochemistry model to evaluate how interannual changes in wetland inundation extent might have influenced the overall carbon dynamics of the region during the time period 1993–2004. We find that consideration by our model of these interannual variations between 1993 and 2004, on average, results in regional estimates of net methane sources of 67.8 ± 6.2 Tg CH4 yr−1, which is intermediate to model estimates that use two static inundation extent datasets (51.3 ± 2.6 and 73.0 ± 3.6 Tg CH4 yr−1). In contrast, consideration of interannual changes of wetland inundation extent result in regional estimates of the net CO2 sink of −1.28 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1 with a persistent wetland carbon sink from −0.38 to −0.41 Pg C yr−1 and a upland sink from −0.82 to −0.98 Pg C yr−1. Taken together, despite the large methane emissions from wetlands, the region is a consistent greenhouse gas sink per global warming potential (GWP) calculations irrespective of the type of wetland datasets being used. However, the use of satellite-detected wetland inundation extent estimates a smaller regional GWP sink than that estimated using static wetland datasets. Our sensitivity analysis indicates that if wetland inundation extent increases or decreases by 10% in each wetland grid cell, the regional source of methane increases 13% or decreases 12%, respectively. In contrast, the regional CO2 sink responds with only 7–9% changes to the changes in wetland inundation extent. Seasonally, the inundated area changes result in higher summer CH4 emissions, but lower summer CO2 sinks, leading to lower summer negative greenhouse gas forcing. Our analysis further indicates that wetlands play a disproportionally important role in affecting regional greenhouse gas budgets given that they only occupy approximately 10% of the total land area in the region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics Publishing","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095009","usgsCitation":"Zhuang, Q., Zhu, X., He, Y., Prigent, C., Melillo, J.M., McGuire, A.D., Prinn, R.G., and Kicklighter, D.W., 2015, Influence of changes in wetland inundation extent on net fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane in northern high latitudes from 1993 to 2004: Environmental Research Letters, v. 10, no. 9, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095009.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044010","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabfe5e4b015c306f84cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhuang, Qianlai","contributorId":101975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Qianlai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Xudong","contributorId":19684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Xudong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"He, Yujie","contributorId":32444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Yujie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prigent, Catherine","contributorId":167345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prigent","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melillo, Jerry M.","contributorId":87847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prinn, Ronald G.","contributorId":69046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kicklighter, David W.","contributorId":48872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156206,"text":"ds956 - 2015 - Chemical and ancillary data associated with bed sediment, young of year Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) tissue, and mussel (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa) tissue collected after Hurricane Sandy in bays and estuaries of New Jersey and New York, 2013–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T10:17:09","indexId":"ds956","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-09T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"956","title":"Chemical and ancillary data associated with bed sediment, young of year Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) tissue, and mussel (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa) tissue collected after Hurricane Sandy in bays and estuaries of New Jersey and New York, 2013–14","docAbstract":"This report describes the methods and data associated with a reconnaissance study of young of year bluefish and mussel tissue samples as well as bed sediment collected as bluefish habitat indicators during August 2013–April 2014 in New Jersey and New York following Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. This study was funded by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2) and was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
\nYoung of year Pomatomus saltatrix (bluefish) were collected from nine sites in New Jersey (N.J.) and New York (N.Y.) including Barnegat Bay, N.J., Sandy Hook Bay, N.J., Jamaica Bay, N.Y., and Great South Bay, N.Y., and analyzed for indicators of health and chemical contamination. At each bluefish sampling location, bed sediment was also collected and analyzed for a suite of contaminants. Resident mussels, Mytilus edulis (blue mussels) and (or) Geukensia demissa (ribbed mussels), were collected from 11 historic NOAA Mussel Watch Program sites along the N.J. and N.Y. coastlines in the winter/spring of 2014 and analyzed for contaminants. Individual age of a subset of the mussels sampled was also determined at each site.
\nBed sediment samples were analyzed for a suite of organic contaminants including 34 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, 28 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs, 33 aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), and 10 petroleum biomarkers (steranes and hopanes). Bed sediment collected from the Navesink River (Sandy Hook, N.J.), Metedeconk River (Barnegat Bay, N.J.), and Toms River (Barnegat Bay, N.J.) had the highest concentrations of contaminants compared to the other sites.
\nBluefish and mussel tissue collected throughout the study area was analyzed for 34 PCB congeners, 28 PBDE congeners, and 24 OCPs. Thirty-three PCB congeners, 22 PBDE congeners, and 24 OCPs were detected in the bluefish analyzed. The highest median concentrations of total PCBs were present in tissue from Jamaica Bay, N.Y., whereas the highest median concentrations of total PBDEs and total OCPs were present in tissue from Sandy Hook Bay. Of the OCPs detected, p,p’-DDE was found in 99 percent (%) of the tissue samples and at the highest median concentrations compared to the other OCPs.
\nFish health assessments were conducted on 20 fish from the 4 bays. Results indicate that the sex ratio and the mean total length varied by site. Physical fish damage, such as lesions and parasites, was observed in fish from all four bays. The most common parasite observed visually was the presence of Livoneca redmanii, an ectoparasitic gill isopod, which can cause localized gill erosion. The prevalence of the gill isopod infestation ranged from 20% at Great South Bay, N.Y., to 35% at Jamaica Bay, N.Y.
\nTwenty three PCB congeners, 9 PBDE congeners, and 20 OCPs were detected in composite mussel samples collected throughout the study area. The co-eluting PCB congeners 153 and 132, PBDE 47, 99, and 100, and p,p’-DDE were detected in samples from each site. The highest median concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs were present in mussels from Raritan Bay, N.Y., whereas the highest median concentrations of OCPs were present in mussels from Fire Island Inlet, N.Y., and Shark River, N.J. Mytilus edulis (blue mussels) and Geukensia demissa (ribbed mussels) were thin-sectioned and aged. The blue mussels collected ranged in age from 4 to 13 years, and the ribbed mussels ranged in age from 3 to 12 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds956","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K.L., Deshpande, A.D., Blazer, V.S., Galbraith, H., Dockum, B.W., Romanok, K.M., Colella, K., Deetz, A.C., Fisher, I.J., Imbrigiotta, T.E., Sharack, B., Sumner, L, Timmons, D., Trainor, J., Wieczorek, D, Samson, J., Reilly, T.J., and Focazio, M.J., 2015, Chemical and ancillary data associated with bed sediment, young of year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) tissue, and mussel (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa) tissue collected after Hurricane Sandy in bays and estuaries of New Jersey and New York, 2013–14: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 956, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds956.","productDescription":"Report: x, 18 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066280","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307934,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0956/ds956.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 956"},{"id":307935,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0956/ds956_tables.xlsx","text":"DS 956 Tables","size":"226 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 956","linkHelpText":"Excel workbook containing tables 1–21"},{"id":307933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0956/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.39117431640625,\n 40.065460682065535\n ],\n [\n -74.39117431640625,\n 41.32320110223851\n ],\n [\n -71.88079833984375,\n 41.32320110223851\n ],\n [\n -71.88079833984375,\n 40.065460682065535\n ],\n [\n -74.39117431640625,\n 40.065460682065535\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
http://nj.usgs.gov
Aquaculture can provide important surrogate habitats for waterbirds. In response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the National Resource Conservation Service enacted the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative through which incentivized landowners provided wetland habitats for migrating waterbirds. Diversity and abundance of waterbirds in six production and four idled aquaculture facilities in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley were estimated during the winters of 2011–2013. Wintering waterbirds exhibited similar densities on production (i.e., ∼22 birds/ha) and idled (i.e., ∼20 birds/ha) sites. A total of 42 species were found using both types of aquaculture wetlands combined, but there was considerable departure in bird guilds occupying the two wetland types. The primary users of production ponds were diving and dabbling ducks and American coots. However, idled ponds, with varying water depths (e.g., mudflats to 20 cm) and diverse emergent vegetation-water interspersion, attracted over 30 species of waterbirds and, on average, had more species of waterbirds from fall through early spring than catfish production ponds. Conservation through the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative was likely responsible for this difference. Our results suggest production and idled Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative aquaculture impoundments produced suitable conditions for various waterbird species and highlight the importance of conservation programs on private lands that promote diversity in vegetation structure and water depths to enhance waterbird diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.038.0307","usgsCitation":"Feaga, J.S., Vilella, F., Kaminski, R.M., and Davis, J., 2015, Waterbird use of catfish ponds and migratory bird habitat initiative wetlands in Mississippi: Waterbirds, v. 38, no. 3, p. 269-281, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.038.0307.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"281","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064945","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Humphreys County, Holmes County, Leflore County, Sunflower County, Washington County, Yazoo County","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6c0e4b07657d1a22976","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaga, James S.","contributorId":171842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feaga","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vilella, Francisco 0000-0003-1552-9989 fvilella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-9989","contributorId":171363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilella","given":"Francisco","email":"fvilella@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaminski, Richard M.","contributorId":78205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaminski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J. Brian","contributorId":172316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"J. Brian","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157076,"text":"70157076 - 2015 - Paleolimnological records of nitrogen deposition in shallow, high-elevation lakes of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T11:32:54","indexId":"70157076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleolimnological records of nitrogen deposition in shallow, high-elevation lakes of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"Reactive nitrogen (Nr) from anthropogenic sources has been altering ecosystem function in lakes of the Rocky Mountains, other regions of western North America, and the Arctic over recent decades. The response of biota in shallow lakes to atmospheric deposition of Nr, however, has not been considered. Benthic algae are dominant in shallow, high-elevation lakes and are less sensitive to nutrient inputs than planktonic algae. Because the benthos is typically more nutrient rich than the water column, shallow lakes are not expected to show evidence of anthropogenic Nr. In this study, we assessed sedimentary evidence for regional Nr deposition, sediment chronology, and the nature of algal community response in five shallow, high-elevation lakes in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE). Over 140 diatom taxa were identified from the sediments, with a relatively high species richness of taxa characteristic of oligotrophic conditions. The diatom assemblages were dominated by benthic taxa, especially motile taxa. The GRTE lakes demonstrate assemblage-wide shifts in diatoms, including 1) synchronous and significant assemblage changes centered on ~1960 AD; 2) pre-1960 assemblages differed significantly from post-1960 assemblages; 3) pre-1960 diatom assemblages fluctuated randomly, whereas post- 1960 assemblages showed directional change; 4) changes in δ15N signatures were correlated with diatom community composition. These results demonstrate recent changes in shallow high18 elevation lakes that are most correlated with anthropogenic Nr. It is also possible, however, that the combined effect of Nr deposition and warming is accelerating species shifts in benthic diatoms. While uncertainties remain about the potential synergy of Nr deposition and warming, this study adds shallow lakes to the growing list of impacted high-elevation localities in western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research","doi":"10.1657/AAAR0015-008","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S.A., Otu, M.K., Wolfe, A.P., and Baron, J., 2015, Paleolimnological records of nitrogen deposition in shallow, high-elevation lakes of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 47, no. 4, p. 703-717, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0015-008.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"717","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062936","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/aaar0015-008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.89324951171875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -110.89324951171875,\n 43.84245116699036\n ],\n [\n -110.67901611328125,\n 43.84245116699036\n ],\n [\n -110.67901611328125,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -110.89324951171875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55eff8a8e4b0dacf699e9fd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otu, Megan K.","contributorId":147387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otu","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, Alexander P.","contributorId":147388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12799,"text":"University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157080,"text":"70157080 - 2015 - The Palos Verdes Fault offshore southern California: late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T13:34:42","indexId":"70157080","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Palos Verdes Fault offshore southern California: late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys","docAbstract":"The Palos Verdes Fault (PVF) is one of few active faults in Southern California that crosses the shoreline and can be studied using both terrestrial and subaqueous methodologies. To characterize the near-seafloor fault morphology, tectonic influences on continental slope sedimentary processes and late Pleistocene to present slip rate, a grid of high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data, and chirp subbottom profiles were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) along the main trace of PVF in water depths between 250 and 600 m. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from vibracores collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and ship-based gravity cores. The PVF is expressed as a well-defined seafloor lineation marked by subtle along-strike bends. Right-stepping transtensional bends exert first-order control on sediment flow dynamics and the spatial distribution of Holocene depocenters; deformed strata within a small pull-apart basin record punctuated growth faulting associated with at least three Holocene surface ruptures. An upper (shallower) landslide scarp, a buried sedimentary mound, and a deeper scarp have been right-laterally offset across the PVF by 55 ± 5, 52 ± 4 , and 39 ± 8 m, respectively. The ages of the upper scarp and buried mound are approximately 31 ka; the age of the deeper scarp is bracketed to 17–24 ka. These three piercing points bracket the late Pleistocene to present slip rate to 1.3–2.8 mm/yr and provide a best estimate of 1.6–1.9 mm/yr. The deformation observed along the PVF is characteristic of strike-slip faulting and accounts for 20–30% of the total right-lateral slip budget accommodated offshore Southern California.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JB011938","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Conrad, J.E., Maier, K., Paull, C.K., McGann, M., and Caress, D.W., 2015, The Palos Verdes Fault offshore southern California: late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 120, no. 7, p. 4734-4758, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011938.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"4734","endPage":"4758","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063656","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.39691162109375,\n 33.30987251398259\n ],\n [\n -118.39691162109375,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -117.75421142578125,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -117.75421142578125,\n 33.30987251398259\n ],\n [\n -118.39691162109375,\n 33.30987251398259\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55eff8a9e4b0dacf699e9fe2","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015jb011938","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015jb011938","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Brothers Daniel S., Conrad James E., Maier Katherine L., Paull Charles K., McGann Mary, Caress David W.","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","publicationDate":"7/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. dbrothers@usgs.gov","contributorId":140096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maier, Katherine L.","contributorId":91411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Katherine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":571530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGann, Mary L. 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":147188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary L.","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caress, David W.","contributorId":147392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caress","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16837,"text":"MBARI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168431,"text":"70168431 - 2015 - Water from air: An overlooked source of moisture in arid and semiarid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T13:27:56","indexId":"70168431","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water from air: An overlooked source of moisture in arid and semiarid regions","docAbstract":"Water drives the functioning of Earth’s arid and semiarid lands. Drylands can obtain water from sources other than precipitation, yet little is known about how non-rainfall water inputs influence dryland communities and their activity. In particular, water vapor adsorption – movement of atmospheric water vapor into soil when soil air is drier than the overlying air – likely occurs often in drylands, yet its effects on ecosystem processes are not known. By adding 18O-enriched water vapor to the atmosphere of a closed system, we documented the conversion of water vapor to soil liquid water across a temperature range typical of arid ecosystems. This phenomenon rapidly increased soil moisture and stimulated microbial carbon (C) cycling, and the flux of water vapor to soil had a stronger impact than temperature on microbial activity. In a semiarid grassland, we also observed that non-rainfall water inputs stimulated microbial activity and C cycling. Together these data suggest that, during rain-free periods, atmospheric moisture in drylands may significantly contribute to variation in soil water content, thereby influencing ecosystem processes. The simple physical process of adsorption of water vapor to soil particles, forming liquid water, represents an overlooked but potentially important contributor to C cycling in drylands.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific Reports","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1038/srep13767","usgsCitation":"McHugh, T., Morrissey, E.M., Reed, S.C., Hungate, B.A., and Schwartz, E., 2015, Water from air: An overlooked source of moisture in arid and semiarid regions: Scientific Reports, v. 5, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13767.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"13767","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055077","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf1063e4b06458514b696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, Theresa","contributorId":166780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHugh","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[{"id":24512,"text":"Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrissey, Ember M.","contributorId":166782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrissey","given":"Ember","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24512,"text":"Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hungate, Bruce A.","contributorId":100639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hungate","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Egbert","contributorId":166781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Egbert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24512,"text":"Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157082,"text":"70157082 - 2015 - Bistability of mangrove forests and competition with freshwater plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T13:05:29","indexId":"70157082","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bistability of mangrove forests and competition with freshwater plants","docAbstract":"Halophytic communities such as mangrove forests and buttonwood hammocks tend to border freshwater plant communities as sharp ecotones. Most studies attribute this purely to underlying physical templates, such as groundwater salinity gradients caused by tidal flux and topography. However, a few recent studies hypothesize that self-reinforcing feedback between vegetation and vadose zone salinity are also involved and create a bistable situation in which either halophytic dominated habitat or freshwater plant communities may dominate as alternative stable states. Here, we revisit the bistability hypothesis and demonstrate the mechanisms that result in bistability. We demonstrate with remote sensing imagery the sharp boundaries between freshwater hardwood hammock communities in southern Florida and halophytic communities such as buttonwood hammocks and mangroves. We further document from the literature how transpiration of mangroves and freshwater plants respond differently to vadose zone salinity, thus altering the salinity through feedback. Using mathematical models, we show how the self-reinforcing feedback, together with physical template, controls the ecotones between halophytic and freshwater communities. Regions of bistability along environmental gradients of salinity have the potential for large-scale vegetation shifts following pulse disturbances such as hurricane tidal surges in Florida, or tsunamis in other regions. The size of the region of bistability can be large for low-lying coastal habitat due to the saline water table, which extends inland due to salinity intrusion. We suggest coupling ecological and hydrologic processes as a framework for future studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., Fuller, D.O., Teh, S., Zhai, L., Koh, H.L., DeAngelis, D., and Sternberg, L., 2015, Bistability of mangrove forests and competition with freshwater plants: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 213, p. 283-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"290","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060680","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.00494384765625,\n 25.124149253988598\n ],\n [\n -81.00494384765625,\n 25.247180194609925\n ],\n [\n -80.81817626953125,\n 25.247180194609925\n ],\n [\n -80.81817626953125,\n 25.124149253988598\n ],\n [\n -81.00494384765625,\n 25.124149253988598\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55eff8a7e4b0dacf699e9fd1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.004","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Jiang Jiang, Fuller Douglas O., Teh Su Yean, Zhai Lu, Koh Hock Lye, DeAngelis Donald L., Sternberg Leonel da Silveira Lobo","journalName":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","publicationDate":"11/2015","auditedOn":"12/3/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":46838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Douglas O","contributorId":147394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[{"id":16838,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Miami, Coral Gables FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teh, Su Yean","contributorId":118102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teh","given":"Su Yean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhai, Lu","contributorId":147395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhai","given":"Lu","affiliations":[{"id":16839,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koh, Hock Lye","contributorId":119022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"Hock","email":"","middleInitial":"Lye","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sternberg, L.D.S.L.","contributorId":41223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"L.D.S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157091,"text":"70157091 - 2015 - Subglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:04:33","indexId":"70157091","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor","docAbstract":"Subglacial discharge influences glacier basal motion and erodes and redeposits sediment. At tidewater glacier termini, discharge drives submarine terminus melting, affects fjord circulation, and is a central component of proglacial marine ecosystems. However, our present inability to track subglacial discharge and its variability significantly hinders our understanding of these processes. Here we report observations of hourly to seasonal variations in 1.5–10 Hz seismic tremor that strongly correlate with subglacial discharge but not with basal motion, weather, or discrete icequakes. Our data demonstrate that vigorous discharge occurs from tidewater glaciers during summer, in spite of fast basal motion that could limit the formation of subglacial conduits, and then abates during winter. Furthermore, tremor observations and a melt model demonstrate that drainage efficiency of tidewater glaciers evolves seasonally. Glaciohydraulic tremor provides a means by which to quantify subglacial discharge variations and offers a promising window into otherwise obscured glacierized environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064590","usgsCitation":"Bartholomaus, T.C., Amundson, J.M., Walter, J., O’Neel, S., West, M.E., and Larsen, C.F., 2015, Subglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 15, p. 6391-6398, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064590.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6391","endPage":"6398","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060356","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064590","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Glacier, Hubbard Glacier, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Mendenhall Glacier, 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In this study, we modelled the effects of increased water temperatures on consumption and growth rates of two piscivores (northern pike [Esox lucius] and largemouth bass [Micropterus salmoides]) and examined relative effects of consumption by these predators on two prey species (bluegill [Lepomis macrochirus] and yellow perch [Perca flavescens]). Bioenergetics models were used to simulate the effects of climate change on growth and food consumption using predicted 2040 and 2060 temperatures in a shallow Nebraska Sandhill lake, USA. The patterns and magnitude of daily and cumulative consumption during the growing season (April–October) were generally similar between the two predators. However, growth of northern pike was always reduced (−3 to −45% change) compared to largemouth bass that experienced subtle changes (4 to −6% change) in weight by the end of the growing season. Assuming similar population size structure and numbers of predators in 2040–2060, future consumption of bluegill and yellow perch by northern pike and largemouth bass will likely increase (range: 3–24%), necessitating greater prey biomass to meet future energy demands. The timing of increased predator consumption will likely shift towards spring and fall (compared to summer), when prey species may not be available in the quantities required. Our findings suggest that increased water temperatures may affect species at the edge of their native range (i.e. northern pike) and a potential mismatch between predator and prey could exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Munksgaard","publisherLocation":"Copenhagen","doi":"10.1111/eff.12248","usgsCitation":"Breeggemann, J.J., Kaemingk, M.A., DeBates, T., Paukert, C.P., Krause, J., Letvin, A.P., Stevens, T.M., Willis, D.W., and Chipps, S.R., 2015, Potential direct and indirect effects of climate change on a shallow natural lake fish assemblage: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12248.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045842","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Cherry","otherGeospatial":"Valentine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.0829,42.9979],[-102.0007,42.9973],[-101.9652,42.9971],[-101.7528,42.9958],[-101.6775,42.9953],[-101.2277,42.9953],[-100.7509,42.9947],[-100.6721,42.9949],[-100.3938,42.996],[-100.1984,42.997],[-100.1985,42.8461],[-100.1984,42.782],[-100.184,42.7829],[-100.1837,42.4338],[-100.1675,42.4348],[-100.1667,42.0881],[-100.2675,42.0871],[-100.6156,42.0872],[-100.73,42.0885],[-100.8444,42.0896],[-100.9582,42.0897],[-100.9841,42.09],[-101.1016,42.0913],[-101.1926,42.0914],[-101.3094,42.0925],[-101.3323,42.0927],[-101.4097,42.0942],[-101.4251,42.0936],[-101.4492,42.0933],[-101.6861,42.0945],[-101.7733,42.0938],[-101.803,42.0934],[-101.8902,42.0962],[-101.9199,42.0958],[-102.0065,42.0958],[-102.0393,42.0962],[-102.0387,42.1826],[-102.0402,42.4448],[-102.0669,42.4448],[-102.0664,42.5302],[-102.0665,42.7867],[-102.0846,42.7864],[-102.0836,42.9606],[-102.0829,42.9979]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cherry\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a31e4b00162522207dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breeggemann, Jason J.","contributorId":149395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breeggemann","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaemingk, Mark A.","contributorId":40510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaemingk","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBates, T.J.","contributorId":57250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBates","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krause, J.","contributorId":56874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Letvin, Alexander P.","contributorId":149396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Letvin","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stevens, Tanner M.","contributorId":149397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Tanner","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70147396,"text":"ofr20151080 - 2015 - Methods for evaluating potential sources of chloride in surface waters and groundwaters of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:36:56","indexId":"ofr20151080","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-04T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1080","title":"Methods for evaluating potential sources of chloride in surface waters and groundwaters of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Chloride exists as a major ion in most natural waters, but many anthropogenic sources are increasing concentrations of chloride in many receiving waters. Although natural concentrations in continental waters can be as high as 200,000 milligrams per liter, chloride concentrations that are suitable for freshwater ecology, human consumption, and agricultural and industrial water uses commonly are on the order of 10 to 1,000 milligrams per liter. “Road salt” frequently is identified as the sole source of anthropogenic chloride, but only about 30 percent of the salt consumed and released to the environment is used for deicing. Furthermore, several studies in Southern States where the use of deicing salt is minimal also show anthropogenic chloride in rising concentrations and in strong correlation to imperviousness and road density. This is because imperviousness and road density also are strongly correlated to population density. The term “road salt” is a misnomer because deicers applied to parking lots, sidewalks, and driveways can be a substantial source of chloride in some catchments because these land covers are comparable to roadways as a percentage of the total impervious area and commonly receive higher salt application rates than some roadways. Other sources of anthropogenic chloride include wastewater, dust control on unpaved roads, fertilizer, animal waste, irrigation, aquaculture, energy production wastes, and landfill leachates. The assumption that rising chloride concentrations in surface water or groundwater is indicative of contamination by deicing chemicals rather than one or more other potential sources may preclude the identification of toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or endocrine-disrupting contaminants that are associated with many sources of elevated chloride concentrations. Once the sources of anthropogenic chloride in an area of interest have been identified and measured, water and solute budgets can be estimated to guide decisionmakers to identify and apply potential mitigation measures that can reduce the problem.
\nScientists, engineers, regulators, and decisionmakers need information about potential sources of chloride, water and solute budgets, and methods for collecting water-quality data to help identify potential sources. This information is needed to evaluate potential sources of chloride in areas where chloride may have adverse ecological effects or may degrade water supplies used for drinking water, agriculture, or industry. Knowledge of potential sources will help decisionmakers identify the best mitigation measures to reduce the total background chloride load, thereby reducing the potential for water-quality exceedances that occur because of superposition on rising background concentrations. Also, knowledge of potential sources may help decisionmakers identify the potential for the presence of contaminants that have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or endocrine-disrupting effects at concentrations that are lower by orders of magnitude than the chloride concentrations in the source water. This report is a comprehensive synthesis of relevant information, but it is not the result of an exhaustive search for literature on each topic. The potential adverse effects of chloride on infrastructure and the environment are not discussed in this report because these issues have been extensively documented elsewhere.
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U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
A conceptual framework synthesizes previous studies to provide an understanding of conditions, processes, and relations of saltwater to groundwater withdrawal in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system. A strategy for monitoring saltwater movement is based on spatial relations between the saltwater-transition zone and 612 groundwater-production wells that were regulated during 2013 by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. The vertical position and lateral distance and direction of the bottom of each production well’s screened interval was calculated relative to previously published groundwater chloride iso-concentration surfaces. Spatial analysis identified 81 production wells completed in the Yorktown-Eastover and Potomac aquifers that are positioned in closest proximity to the 250-milligrams-per-liter chloride surface, and from which chloride concentrations are most likely to increase above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 250-milligrams-per-liter secondary maximum-contaminant level. Observation wells are specified to distinguish vertical upconing from lateral intrusion among individual production wells. To monitor upconing, an observation well is to be collocated with each production well and completed at about the altitude of the 250-milligrams-per-liter chloride iso-concentration surface. To monitor lateral intrusion, a potential location of an observation well is projected from the bottom of each production well’s screened interval, in the lateral direction to the underlying chloride surface to a distance of 1 mile.
\nMonitoring potential withdrawal-induced movement of saltwater in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system is needed to detect increases in chloride concentration before groundwater-production wells become contaminated. An investigation was undertaken during 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, to provide a sound scientific understanding of saltwater movement and guidance to implement a monitoring program. Previous studies have theorized that the saltwater originated primarily from seawater repeatedly emplaced within aquifer sediments during the past about 65 million years. Subsequent flushing by fresh groundwater has been impeded across sediments filling the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. The resulting saltwater-transition zone has been mapped to exhibit a warped and steeply mounded dome shape about centered on the impact crater, and flanked by a nearly level and shallow plateau shape to the southeast. Groundwater chloride concentrations have historically fluctuated during periods of weeks to months, probably as a result of localized vertical upconing beneath individual production wells. Lateral intrusion takes several decades or more to horizontally displace groundwater across distances of about 1 mile toward production wells. Upconing is relatively immediate, but reversible, whereas lateral intrusion under the regionally landward hydraulic gradient may slowly, but permanently reposition the saltwater-transition zone. Upconing coupled with lateral intrusion is theorized to produce composite chloride-concentration trends that vary widely over time in response to changing water demands, and evolve dynamically from hydraulic interactions among multiple neighboring production wells.
\nSome aspects of observation-well construction and sampling are of particular importance to monitoring saltwater movement in the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system. Observation wells should feature screened intervals generally of no more than 10 feet that isolate distinct parts of the aquifer, and be thoroughly developed for removal of drilling fluid and introduced water. Presample purging should fully displace stratified saltwater in the well casing upward to the pump. Stable flow should be maintained as field parameters are measured and sample containers are filled with filtered water isolated from the atmosphere and unaffected by surface temperature. Groundwater samples from both upconing and lateral-intrusion observation wells should initially be collected four times per year when wells are newly established, but can be more optimally timed with withdrawal once responses in chloride concentrations can be reliably predicted. Concentrations of major ions (1) determine the dominant chemical composition of groundwater at each well, (2) establish the relative position of the well within the saltwater-transition zone, and (3) provide data quality control by calculation of sample charge balance. For these reasons, samples initially collected for the first year from newly established observation wells should be analyzed for calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium cations and chloride, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, fluoride, and bromide anions. Inflection-point titration for alkalinity should be completed in the field. Analysis of chloride and field parameters may be adequate on a long-term basis once the dominant chemical composition at each well is established. Specific conductance may also provide a surrogate for chloride concentration depending on regulatory policy.
\nThe saltwater-movement monitoring strategy is limited and constrained. Relative monitoring needs among groundwater-production wells, and construction of observation wells, depend on the accuracy of previously mapped groundwater chloride iso-concentration surfaces. Production wells in similar proximity to saltwater can differ in aquifer hydraulic conductivity, rates of withdrawal, and screened-interval lengths. Only production wells making withdrawals reported to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality have been accounted for; undocumented production wells can result in spurious changes in groundwater chloride concentration. Upconing observation wells should be as close as possible to corresponding production wells, so long as production wells are not damaged by borehole deviation. Projected locations of some lateral-intrusion observation wells may be precluded and require adjustment. Depths of upconing and lateral-intrusion observation wells may also require adjustment to be within the same aquifer as their corresponding production wells. Existing unused wells can be adapted as observation wells if differences from specified locations and construction are kept to a minimum and are accounted for. Where multiple production wells are in proximity, a modified monitoring approach may be needed to determine their net effect on changes in chloride concentration, and may require more than one lateral-intrusion observation well depending on the vertical positions of production-well screened intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"McFarland, E.R., 2015, A conceptual framework and monitoring strategy for movement of saltwater in the Coastal Plain aquifer system of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5117, 30 p., 1 pl., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155117.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 30 p.; Plate: 24 x 35 inches; Table","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062904","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117"},{"id":307900,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117_attachment1.xlsx","text":"Attachment 1","size":"114 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-production Wells, Vertical Positions and Lateral Distances and Directions Relative to Chloride Iso-concentration Surfaces, and Projected Locations of Lateral-intrusion Observation Wells"},{"id":307901,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5117/sir20155117_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"399 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5117","linkHelpText":"Locations of Groundwater-Production Wells, Projected Locations of Lateral Intrusion Observation Wells, and the Configuration of the 250-Milligrams-Per-Liter Chloride Iso-Concentration Surface"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 36.51405119943165\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.3387451171875,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.3387451171875,\n 36.51405119943165\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 36.51405119943165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
(804) 261-2600
Or visit the Virginia Water Science Center Web site:
http://va.water.usgs.gov/
Arid shrublands are stressful environments, typified by alkaline soils low in organic matter, with biologically-limiting extremes in water availability, temperature, and UV radiation. The widely-spaced plants and interspace biological soil crusts in these regions provide soil nutrients in a localized fashion, creating a mosaic pattern of plant- or crust-associated microhabitats with distinct nutrient composition. With sporadic and limited rainfall, nutrients are primarily retained in the shallow surface soil, patterning biological activity. We examined soil bacterial and fungal community responses to simulated nitrogen (N) deposition in an arid Larrea tridentata-Ambrosia dumosa field experiment in southern Nevada, USA, using high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal RNA genes. To examine potential interactions among the N application, microhabitat and soil depth, we sampled soils associated with shrub canopies and interspace biological crusts at two soil depths (0–0.5 or 0–10 cm) across the N-amendment gradient (0, 7, and 15 kg ha−1 yr−1). We hypothesized that localized compositional differences in soil microbiota would constrain the impacts of N addition to a microhabitat distribution that would reflect highly localized geochemical conditions and microbial community composition. The richness and community composition of both bacterial and fungal communities differed significantly by microhabitat and with soil depth in each microhabitat. Only bacterial communities exhibited significant responses to the N addition. Community composition correlated with microhabitat and depth differences in soil geochemical features. Given the distinct roles of soil bacteria and fungi in major nutrient cycles, the resilience of fungi and sensitivity of bacteria to N amendments suggests that increased N input predicted for many arid ecosystems could shift nutrient cycling toward pathways driven primarily by fungal communities.
The Colorado River and its tributaries supply water to more than 35 million people in the United States and 3 million people in Mexico, irrigating more than 4.5 million acres of farmland, and generating about 12 billion kilowatt hours of hydroelectric power annually. The Upper Colorado River Basin, encompassing more than 110,000 square miles (mi2), contains the headwaters of the Colorado River (also known as the River) and is an important source of snowmelt runoff to the River. Groundwater discharge also is an important source of water in the River and its tributaries, with estimates ranging from 21 to 58 percent of streamflow in the upper basin. Planning for the sustainable management of the Colorado River in future climates requires an understanding of the Upper Colorado River Basin groundwater system. This report documents input datasets for a Soil-Water Balance groundwater recharge model that was developed for the Upper Colorado River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151160","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., 2015, Documentation of input datasets for the soil-water balance groundwater recharge model of the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1160, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151160.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066684","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1160/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":307919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1160/ofr20151160.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1160 PDF"},{"id":316699,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr_2015_1160_soil-water_balance"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.69937133789062,\n 36.730079507078415\n ],\n [\n -111.68083190917969,\n 36.730079507078415\n ],\n [\n -111.64581298828125,\n 36.72677751526221\n ],\n [\n -111.4068603515625,\n 36.67723060234619\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 36.54936246839778\n ],\n [\n -110.45654296875,\n 36.46105407505434\n ],\n [\n -109.8687744140625,\n 35.991340960635405\n ],\n [\n -109.5062255859375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -109.21508789062499,\n 35.48751102385376\n ],\n [\n -108.907470703125,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -107.5286865234375,\n 35.290468565908775\n ],\n [\n -107.2760009765625,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -107.215576171875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -107.13317871093749,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -106.9793701171875,\n 35.62604706595698\n ],\n [\n -106.94091796875,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -106.842041015625,\n 36.67723060234619\n ],\n [\n -106.864013671875,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -107.0068359375,\n 37.21283151445594\n ],\n [\n -107.33642578124999,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -107.545166015625,\n 37.55328764595765\n ],\n [\n -107.666015625,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -107.42431640625,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -107.07275390625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -106.666259765625,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -106.69921875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 40.34654412118006\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -106.69921875,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -107.57812499999999,\n 42.65012181368025\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 42.84375132629023\n ],\n [\n -108.8525390625,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -109.77539062499999,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -110.3466796875,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -110.61035156249999,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -111.37939453125,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -111.73095703125,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -111.884765625,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -112.2802734375,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 38.856820134743636\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 38.376115424036016\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 38.22091976683121\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 37.87485339352928\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -112.9833984375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 36.756490329505155\n ],\n [\n -112.34619140625,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -111.69937133789062,\n 36.730079507078415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/