{"pageNumber":"4848","pageRowStart":"121175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":70011603,"text":"70011603 - 1982 - Sample design for estimating change in land use and land cover ( Pennsylvania).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70011603","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample design for estimating change in land use and land cover ( Pennsylvania).","docAbstract":"The methodology of sample design which is applied to estimating change in land use and land cover is general and extendable to determination of change in any type of thematic mapping that is time variant. Land-use maps of the State of Pennsylvania at a scale of 1:250,000 were compiled circa 1958 with land use classified into six categories. The more detailed land-use and land-cover mapping of the State of Pennsylvania at a scale of 1:250,000 was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey circa 1977. With some rearrangement of these categories, the recent maps are very nearly compatible with a combination of five categories of the earlier maps. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, G., 1982, Sample design for estimating change in land use and land cover ( Pennsylvania).: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 48, no. 5, p. 793-801.","startPage":"793","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab050e4b0c8380cd87a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, G.H.","contributorId":94670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011604,"text":"70011604 - 1982 - Regional thermal-inertia mapping from an experimental satellite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:34:53.386785","indexId":"70011604","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional thermal-inertia mapping from an experimental satellite","docAbstract":"

A new experimental satellite has provided, for the first time, thermal data that should be useful in reconnaissance geologic exploration. Thermal inertia, a property of geologic materials, can be mapped from these data by applying an algorithm that has been developed using a new thermal model. A simple registration procedure was used on a pair of day and night images of the Powder River basin, Wyoming, to illustrate the method. Preliminary assessment of these satellite data suggests that they will be of significant use for resource exploration when used in conjunction with other geologic, geophysical, and geochemical data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441317","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., 1982, Regional thermal-inertia mapping from an experimental satellite: Geophysics, v. 47, no. 12, p. 1681-1687, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441317.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1687","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a58ee4b0e8fec6cdbe67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, K.","contributorId":39123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011607,"text":"70011607 - 1982 - Comparison of techniques for estimating annual lake evaporation using climatological data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T17:36:22.506657","indexId":"70011607","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of techniques for estimating annual lake evaporation using climatological data","docAbstract":"

Mean annual evaporation estimates were determined for 30 lakes by use of a numerical model (Morton, 1979) and by use of an evaporation map prepared by the U.S. Weather Service (Kohler et al., 1959). These estimates were compared to the reported value of evaporation determined from measurements on each lake. Various lengths of observation and methods of measurement were used among the 30 lakes. The evaporation map provides annual evaporation estimates which are more consistent with observations than those determined by use of the numerical model. The map cannot provide monthly estimates, however, and is only available for the contiguous United States. The numerical model can provide monthly estimates for shallow lakes and is based on monthly observations of temperature, humidity, and sunshine duration.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR018i003p00630","usgsCitation":"Andersen, M., and Jobson, H., 1982, Comparison of techniques for estimating annual lake evaporation using climatological data: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 3, p. 630-636, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i003p00630.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"636","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f894e4b0c8380cd4d1cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, M.E.","contributorId":39520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011694,"text":"70011694 - 1982 - Siderite concretions: indicators of early diagenesis in the Gammon shale (Cretaceous).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011694","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Siderite concretions: indicators of early diagenesis in the Gammon shale (Cretaceous).","docAbstract":"The Gammon member of the Pierre shale of the northern Great Plains, USA, contains abundant siderite concretions. The relative depth and time of siderite precipitation can be inferred from the structure, mineralogy and isotopic composition of these concretions. Concretions that formed at shallow depths, early in the history of the sediment, contain a high percentage (75-85%) of carbonate, preserve uncompacted structures and have oxygen isotopic ratios similar to that of sea-water. In contrast, concretions that formed later and/or at greater depths have lower carbonate content and lower 18O/16O ratios. Concretions in rapidly deposited sediments formed at shallow depths (<10 m), and those in sediments that accumulated slowly formed at greater depths. These differences agree with the fossil evidence. Siderite did not form until nearly all the dissolved sulphur had been reduced and precipitated as pyrite; the excess organic matter produced methane at about the same time.-H.R.B.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., 1982, Siderite concretions: indicators of early diagenesis in the Gammon shale (Cretaceous).: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 859-871.","startPage":"859","endPage":"871","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ef2e4b08c986b318c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, D. L.","contributorId":69996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011692,"text":"70011692 - 1982 - Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:18:42.458757","indexId":"70011692","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Eighteen basalts and some volcanic gases from the submarine and subaerial parts of Kilauea volcano were analyzed for the concentration and isotope ratios of sulfur. By means of a newly developed technique, sulfide and sulfate sulfur in the basalts were separately but simultaneously determined. The submarine basalt has 700 ± 100 ppm total sulfur with δ34SΣs of 0.7 &#xB1; 0.1 &#x2030;\">‰0.7 ± 0.1 ‰. The sulfate/sulfide molar ratio ranges from 0.15 to 0.56 and the fractionation factor between sulfate and sulfide is +7.5 &#xB1; 1.5&#x2030;\">‰+7.5 ± 1.5‰. On the other hand, the concentration and δ34SΣs values of the total sulfur in the subaerial basalt are reduced to 150 ± 50 ppm and &#x2212;0.8 &#xB1; 0.2&#x2030;\">‰−0.8 ± 0.2‰, respectively. The sulfate to sulfide ratio and the fractionation factor between them are also smaller, 0.01 to 0.25 and +3.0‰, respectively. Chemical and isotopic evidence strongly suggests that sulfate and sulfide in the submarine basalt are in chemical and isotopic equilibria with each other at magmatic conditions. Their relative abundance and the isotope fractionation factors may be used to estimate the &#x192;o2\">ƒo2 and temperature of these basalts at the time of their extrusion onto the sea floor. The observed change in sulfur chemistry and isotopic ratios from the submarine to subaerial basalts can be interpreted as degassing of the SO2 from basalt thereby depleting sulfate and 34S in basalt.

The volcanic sulfur gases, predominantly SO2, from the 1971 and 1974 fissures in Kilauea Crater have δ34S values of 0.8 to 0.9%., slightly heavier than the total sulfur in the submarine basalts and definitely heavier than the subaerial basalts, in accord with the above model. However, the δ34S value of sulfur gases (largely SO2) from Sulfur Bank is 8.0%., implying a secondary origin of the sulfur. The δ34S values of native sulfur deposits at various sites of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanos, sulfate ions of four deep wells and hydrogen sulfide from a geothermal well along the east rift zone are also reported. The high δ34S values (+5 to +6%.o) found for the hydrogen sulfide might be an indication of hot basalt seawater reaction beneath the east rift zone.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90024-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sakai, H., Casadevall, T.J., and Moore, J., 1982, Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 5, p. 729-738, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90024-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"738","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a4e4b0c8380cd4c32c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sakai, H.","contributorId":92800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011680,"text":"70011680 - 1982 - Optimal dynamic management of groundwater pollutant sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T13:12:34","indexId":"70011680","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal dynamic management of groundwater pollutant sources","docAbstract":"

The linear programing-superposition method is presented for managing multiple sources of groundwater pollution over time. The method uses any linear solute transport simulation model to generate a unit source-concentration response matrix that is incorporated into a management model. This series of constraints indicates local solute concentration histories that will result from any series of waste injection schedules. The linear program operates on the matrix to arrive at optimal disposal schedules. An example demonstrates application of the method to maximizing groundwater waste disposal while maintaining water quality of local water supplies within desired limits. Flow field variations associated with waste injection are ignored as an approximation. Parametric programing is shown to be an important tool in evaluating waste disposal trade-offs at various injection sites over time. Mixed-integer programing permits restrictions to be placed upon the number of injection wells which may operate during given management periods.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR018i001p00071","usgsCitation":"Gorelick, S.M., and Remson, I., 1982, Optimal dynamic management of groundwater pollutant sources: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 1, p. 71-76, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i001p00071.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6edfe4b0c8380cd75844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":8784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011914,"text":"70011914 - 1982 - The UThPb age of equilibrated L chondrites and a solution to the excess radiogenic Pb problem in chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T12:24:40.6249","indexId":"70011914","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The UThPb age of equilibrated L chondrites and a solution to the excess radiogenic Pb problem in chondrites","docAbstract":"

U, Th, and Pb analyses of whole-rock and troilite separates from seven L chondrites suggest that the excess radiogenic Pb relative to U and the large variations in Pb\"singlePb model ages commonly observed in chondritic meteorites are largely due to terrestrial Pb contamination induced prior to analyses. Using the Pb isotopic composition of troilite separates to calculate the isotopic composition of the Pb contaminants, the whole-rock data have been corrected for pre-analysis terrestrial Pb contamination. Two approaches have been used: (1) the chondrite-troilite apparent initial Pb isotopic compositions were used to approximate the mixture of indigenous intial Pb and terrestrial Pb in the whole-rock sample, and (2) a single-stage (concordant) model was applied using the assumption that the excess radiogenic Pb in these samples was terrestrial. Data for L5 and L6 chondrites yield a4551 ± 7My age using the former correction and a4550 ± 5My age using the latter one.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(82)90104-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Unruh, D., 1982, The UThPb age of equilibrated L chondrites and a solution to the excess radiogenic Pb problem in chondrites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 58, no. 1, p. 75-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(82)90104-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba955e4b08c986b3221ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unruh, D.M.","contributorId":8498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011679,"text":"70011679 - 1982 - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-II. Observations on the origin of coal from lignite to bituminous coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:34:47","indexId":"70011679","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-II. Observations on the origin of coal from lignite to bituminous coal","docAbstract":"Coalified logs ranging in age from Late Pennsylvania to Miocene and in rank from lignite B to bituminous coal were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing the cross-polarization, magic-angle spinning technique, as well as by infrared spectroscopy. The results of this study indicate that at least three major stages of coalification can be observed as wood gradually undergoes transformation to bituminous coal. The first stage involves hydrolysis and loss of cellulose from wood with retention and differential concentration of the resistant lignin. The second stage involves conversion of the lignin residues directly to coalified wood of lignitic rank, during which the oxygen content of intermediate diagenetic products remains constant as the hydrogen content and the carbon content increases. These changes are thought to involve loss of methoxyl groups, water, and C3 side chains from the lignin. In the third major stage of coalification, the coalified wood increases in rank to subbituminous and bituminous coal; during this stage the oxygen content decreases, hydrogen remains constant, and the carbon content increases. These changes are thought to result from loss of soluble humic acids that are rich in oxygen and that are mobilized during compaction and dewatering. Relatively resistant resinous substances are differentially concentrated in the coal during this stage. The hypothesis that humic acids are formed as mobile by-products of the coalification of lignin and function only as vehicles for removal of oxygen represents a dramatic departure from commonly accepted views that they are relatively low-molecular-weight intermediates formed during the degradation of lignin that then condense to form high-molecular-weight coal structures. ?? 1982.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(82)90003-1","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P.G., Breger, I.A., Szeverenyi, N., and Maciel, G., 1982, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-II. Observations on the origin of coal from lignite to bituminous coal: Organic Geochemistry, v. 4, no. 1, p. 9-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(82)90003-1.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"9","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Pennsylvania 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\"}}]}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68c5e4b0c8380cd739bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szeverenyi, Nikolaus","contributorId":47908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szeverenyi","given":"Nikolaus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maciel, G.E.","contributorId":43910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maciel","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011656,"text":"70011656 - 1982 - A rapid method for concentrating sedimentary organic matter for vitrinite reflectance analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:47:02.824455","indexId":"70011656","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid method for concentrating sedimentary organic matter for vitrinite reflectance analysis","docAbstract":"

The tecnique discussed in this paper utilizes crushing, high-speed blending, and ultrasonic treatment to mechanically disaggregate rock and release the sedimentary organic matter (OM) in a suitable heavy liquid. This new method can provide freeze-dried concentrated OM in approximately 8 to 24 hours (longer time is necessary for removing carbonate). Under optimal conditions, it is possible to concentrate the OM and prepare a hardened epoxy microscope slide in about 24 hours. Subsequent grinding, polishing, and drying allows microscopic examination of the organic concentrate the next day.

","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F7FEF-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., 1982, A rapid method for concentrating sedimentary organic matter for vitrinite reflectance analysis: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 663-664, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7FEF-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"664","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52be4b0c8380cd46ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011513,"text":"70011513 - 1982 - Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 1. Theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T13:18:02","indexId":"70011513","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 1. Theory","docAbstract":"

Prior information on the parameters of a groundwater flow model can be used to improve parameter estimates obtained from nonlinear regression solution of a modeling problem. Two scales of prior information can be available: (1) prior information having known reliability (that is, bias and random error structure) and (2) prior information consisting of best available estimates of unknown reliability. A regression method that incorporates the second scale of prior information assumes the prior information to be fixed for any particular analysis to produce improved, although biased, parameter estimates. Approximate optimization of two auxiliary parameters of the formulation is used to help minimize the bias, which is almost always much smaller than that resulting from standard ridge regression. It is shown that if both scales of prior information are available, then a combined regression analysis may be made.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR018i004p00965","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1982, Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 1. Theory: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 4, p. 965-976, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i004p00965.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"976","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39f0e4b0c8380cd61aba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011291,"text":"70011291 - 1982 - Comparison of estimators of standard deviation for hydrologic time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T13:25:30","indexId":"70011291","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of estimators of standard deviation for hydrologic time series","docAbstract":"

Unbiasing factors as a function of serial correlation, ρ, and sample size, n for the sample standard deviation of a lag one autoregressive model were generated by random number simulation. Monte Carlo experiments were used to compare the performance of several alternative methods for estimating the standard deviation σ of a lag one autoregressive model in terms of bias, root mean square error, probability of underestimation, and expected opportunity design loss. Three methods provided estimates of σ which were much less biased but had greater mean square errors than the usual estimate of σ: s = (1/(n - 1) ∑ (xi −x¯)2)½. The three methods may be briefly characterized as (1) a method using a maximum likelihood estimate of the unbiasing factor, (2) a method using an empirical Bayes estimate of the unbiasing factor, and (3) a robust nonparametric estimate of σ suggested by Quenouille. Because s tends to underestimate σ, its use as an estimate of a model parameter results in a tendency to underdesign. If underdesign losses are considered more serious than overdesign losses, then the choice of one of the less biased methods may be wise.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR018i005p01503","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., and Gilroy, E.J., 1982, Comparison of estimators of standard deviation for hydrologic time series: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 5, p. 1503-1508, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i005p01503.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1503","endPage":"1508","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f862e4b0c8380cd4d077","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilroy, Edward J.","contributorId":50524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011292,"text":"70011292 - 1982 - Portable precision dc voltage-current transfer standard for electrometer calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70011292","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3276,"text":"Review of Scientific Instruments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Portable precision dc voltage-current transfer standard for electrometer calibration","docAbstract":"A circuit design is presented for an instrument providing a highly stable and fully adjustable voltage and current in the range of 0-1.999 V or 0-199.9 mV and 10-11-10-15 A. This instrument is used to verify the calibration and performance of dc and vibrating reed electrometers and chart recorders on mass spectrometers of the USGS Isotope Laboratories in Denver.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Scientific Instruments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1063/1.1137127","issn":"00346748","usgsCitation":"Landis, G., and Godwin, M., 1982, Portable precision dc voltage-current transfer standard for electrometer calibration: Review of Scientific Instruments, v. 53, no. 8, p. 1290-1291, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1137127.","startPage":"1290","endPage":"1291","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1137127"}],"volume":"53","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7deee4b0c8380cd7a240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landis, G.","contributorId":107235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godwin, M.","contributorId":103147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godwin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011517,"text":"70011517 - 1982 - Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. Part I: Differential thermal analysis of the NaCl-KCl liquidas at 1 atmosphere and 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 bars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:43:06.016709","indexId":"70011517","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. Part I: Differential thermal analysis of the NaCl-KCl liquidas at 1 atmosphere and 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 bars","docAbstract":"

A simple differential thermal analysis (DTA) technique has been developed to study phase relations of various chemical systems at elevated pressures and temperatures. The DTA system has been calibrated against known melting temperatures in the system NaCl-KCl. Isobaric sections of the liquidus in the system NaCl-KCl have been determined at pressures of 1 atmosphere and 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 bars. Using the least-squares method, the following equation was used to fit the experimental data: T(&#xB0;C)=&#x2211;i=06aiXiKCl\">T(°C)=∑i=06aiXiKCl

where T is the liquidus temperature, XKCl is mole fraction of KCl, and ai (listed below) are the derived empirical constants.

P (bars)ao\">aoa1\">a1a2\">a2a3\">a3a4\">a4a5\">a5a6\">a6
1 atm.800.1−334.2781.6−6490.317553.1−17638.46098.3
500813.5−354.9743.3−6011.716406.4−16516.35702.8
1000824.5−406.71446.8−8818.421253.5−20343.76839.4
1500838.6−418.71434.7−8819.021557.9−20908.47123.1
2000848.5−381.51246.9−8605.021785.8−21449.17375.8

The liquidus temperatures estimated from these equations are within ±3°C of experimental values. The measured liquidus temperatures at 1 atmosphere agree with the best available data to within 5°C. The melting temperatures for pure end members at higher pressures agree with the values calculated from the Simon equation (Clark, 1959) to within 3°C. No previous melting data are available for the intermediate compositions at elevated pressures. Using the data in both heating and cooling scans, the minimum melting temperature at 1 atmosphere in the system was located at 658° ± 3°C where the sample has an equimolar composition.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90133-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., 1982, Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. Part I: Differential thermal analysis of the NaCl-KCl liquidas at 1 atmosphere and 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 bars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 10, p. 1957-1962, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90133-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1957","endPage":"1962","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7880e4b0c8380cd786f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011519,"text":"70011519 - 1982 - Organic geochemistry of core samples from an ultradeep hot well (300°C, 7 km)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T14:12:08","indexId":"70011519","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic geochemistry of core samples from an ultradeep hot well (300°C, 7 km)","docAbstract":"

South Texas cores of Lower Cretaceous rocks from a depth of 6400.8 to 7544.6 m at present-day temperatures of 262–296°C have high concentrations of C15+ hydrocarbons. Bitumen coefficients range from 105 to 367 mg/g and C15+ extractable bitumen ranges from 500 to 2200 ppm. Some generation potential remains associated with the kerogen of these rocks. In addition to exhibiting the above organic-geochemical properties, characteristic of the zone of intense hydrocarbon generation, these rocks also have organic-geochemical properties, attributed to the zone of hydrocarbon extinction or greenschist metamorphism. These characteristics are: high vitrinite reflectance (R0) values, 4.4–4.8; low H/C ratios, 0.30–0.58; high saturate/aromatic hydrocarbon ratios, 7.05–20.6; high hydrocarbon/NSO ratios, 2.65–4.66; and high transformation index ratios [\"\"], 0.61–0.87. The data from this (and other wells we have studied) show that high concentrations of C15+ hydrocarbons are thermally stable to high temperatures (at least 300°C) in abnormally-pressured semi-closed systems over geologic time.

\n

Concepts prevelant among petroleum organic geochemists concerning the thermal fate of hydrocarbons, with subsequent graphite formation, and greenschist metamorphism, are in sharp contradiction to these data. Conventional concepts of the distribution of heavy hydrocarbons with increasing temperature and depth apparently require further review and revision.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(82)90079-1","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Price, L.C., 1982, Organic geochemistry of core samples from an ultradeep hot well (300°C, 7 km): Chemical Geology, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 215-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(82)90079-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266115,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(82)90079-1"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fbee4b0c8380cd75c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Leigh C.","contributorId":39379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011525,"text":"70011525 - 1982 - Differential compaction mechanism for earth fissures near Casa Grande, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T01:41:57.860655","indexId":"70011525","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential compaction mechanism for earth fissures near Casa Grande, Arizona","docAbstract":"

Precise gravity measurements indicate that earth fissures or tension cracks caused by ground-water withdrawal within a 10-km2 area southeast of Casa Grande, Arizona, are associated with relief on the buried interface between the alluvial aquifer and underlying bedrock. All of the fissure zones; which have a cumulative length of >8.7 km, occur above either ridges or steps in the bedrock surface. Intersecting fissure zones overlie intersecting bedrock features, and the angle of intersection of the zones accurately reflects the angle between the bedrock features. These relations suggest that the fissures are forming in response to localized differential compaction caused by localized variations of aquifer-system thickness. Topographic profiles across fissures on undisturbed desert floor confirm differential compaction proportional to the variations in aquifer thickness. The occurrence of the fissures at points of maximum convex-upward curvature in profiles of both the topographic and buried bedrock surfaces indicates that the fissures result from tensile strains caused by bending of the strata above the buried bedrock features in response to the differential compaction. Tensile strains at failure are estimated to range from ∼ 0.02% to 0.2% on the basis of modeling of the bending process.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<998:DCMFEF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R., and Holzer, T., 1982, Differential compaction mechanism for earth fissures near Casa Grande, Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 93, no. 10, p. 998-1012, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<998:DCMFEF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 P.","startPage":"998","endPage":"1012","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f5e4b0c8380cd4f9f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011527,"text":"70011527 - 1982 - Earthquakes of Loihi submarine volcano and the Hawaiian hot spot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:06:17.812666","indexId":"70011527","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes of Loihi submarine volcano and the Hawaiian hot spot","docAbstract":"

Loihi is an active submarine volcano located 35 km south of the island of Hawaii and may eventually grow to be the next and southernmost island in the Hawaiian chain. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory recorded two major earthquake swarms located there in 1971–1972 and 1975 which were probably associated with submarine eruptions or intrusions. The swarms were located very close to Loihi's bathymetric summit, except for earthquakes during the second stage of the 1971–1972 swarm, which occurred well onto Loihi's southwest flank. The flank earthquakes appear to have been triggered by the preceding activity and possible rifting along Loihi's long axis, similar to the rift-flank relationship at Kilauea volcano. Other changes accompanied the shift in locations from Loihi's summit to its flank, including a shift from burst to continuous seismicity, a rise in maximum magnitude, a change from small earthquake clusters to a larger elongated zone, a drop in b value, and a presumed shift from concentrated volcanic stresses to a more diffuse tectonic stress on Loihi's flank. The 1971–1972 swarm began at depths of 20–50 km about 1 month before the shallow swarm started and suggests an upward migration of seismicity as the first stage of the 13-month swarm. The seismic ‘root’ of Kilauea volcano is well defined by earthquakes which plunge to the south and southwest to a depth of 50–60 km, terminating in a region in which earthquakes are associated with deep harmonic tremor and magma. The zone of these deeper earthquakes and tremor lies between Kilauea, Loihi, and Mauna Loa volcanoes, may feed magma to all three volcanoes, and probably locates the Hawaiian hot spot.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB09p07719","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Klein, F.W., 1982, Earthquakes of Loihi submarine volcano and the Hawaiian hot spot: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B9, p. 7719-7726, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB09p07719.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7719","endPage":"7726","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0528e4b0c8380cd50c9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, F. W.","contributorId":88371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011737,"text":"70011737 - 1982 - Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T12:26:36.580688","indexId":"70011737","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles","docAbstract":"

The polar regions of Mars preserve, in both their layering and their topography, a record of recent climate changes. Because of the coincidence of the growth of the northern seasonal cap with global dust storms, dust may be currently accumulating on the northern cap, but conditions at the poles will alternate with the precessional cycle. Deposition is also modulated by changes in eccentricity and obliquity, which interact complexly, affecting initiation of global dust storms, the stability of volatiles at the surface, and global wind regimes. Formation of spiral valleys and low undulations on the surface of the layered deposits may result from prefential sublimation of volatiles on sunward-facing slopes and condensation on the adjacent flats, with the rates also modulated by astronomically caused insolation variations. Lack of impact craters on the surface and lack of interruption of the layers by impact scars suggest that the polar deposits are no more than a few million years old. Older deposits may have been periodically removed, as indicated by etch-pitted terrain at the south pole and by superposition relations around the periphery of the present layered deposits. Evidence of ancient periodic climate changes that occurred before formation of the present layered terrain is fragmentary but includes pedestal craters, parallel moraine-like ridges, and etched ground at high latitudes. Perturbation of the orbital motions also results in adsorption and desorption of volatiles in the regolith, which leads to variations in atmospheric pressure and partial dehydration of the equatorial near-surface materials.




","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(82)90121-X","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1982, Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles: Icarus, v. 50, no. 2-3, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(82)90121-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.567.1978","text":"External Repository"},{"id":220786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7697e4b0c8380cd781dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011736,"text":"70011736 - 1982 - Storage, migration, and eruption of magma at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1971-1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70011736","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storage, migration, and eruption of magma at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1971-1972","docAbstract":"The magmatic plumbing system of Kilauea Volcano consists of a broad region of magma generation in the upper mantle, a steeply inclined zone through which magma rises to an intravolcano reservoir located about 2 to 6 km beneath the summit of the volcano, and a network of conduits that carry magma from this reservoir to sites of eruption within the caldera and along east and southwest rift zones. The functioning of most parts of this system was illustrated by activity during 1971 and 1972. When a 29-month-long eruption at Mauna Ulu on the east rift zone began to wane in 1971, the summit region of the volcano began to inflate rapidly; apparently, blockage of the feeder conduit to Mauna Ulu diverted a continuing supply of mantle-derived magma to prolonged storage in the summit reservoir. Rapid inflation of the summit area persisted at a nearly constant rate from June 1971 to February 1972, when a conduit to Mauna Ulu was reopened. The cadence of inflation was twice interrupted briefly, first by a 10-hour eruption in Kilauea Caldera on 14 August, and later by an eruption that began in the caldera and migrated 12 km down the southwest rift zone between 24 and 29 September. The 14 August and 24-29 September eruptions added about 107 m3 and 8 ?? 106 m3, respectively, of new lava to the surface of Kilauea. These volumes, combined with the volume increase represented by inflation of the volcanic edifice itself, account for an approximately 6 ?? 106 m3/month rate of growth between June 1971 and January 1972, essentially the same rate at which mantle-derived magma was supplied to Kilauea between 1952 and the end of the Mauna Ulu eruption in 1971. The August and September 1971 lavas are tholeiitic basalts of similar major-element chemical composition. The compositions can be reproduced by mixing various proportions of chemically distinct variants of lava that erupted during the preceding activity at Mauna Ulu. Thus, part of the magma rising from the mantle to feed the Mauna Ulu eruption may have been stored within the summit reservoir from 4 to 20 months before it was erupted in the summit caldera and along the southwest rift zone in August and September. The September 1971 activity was only the fourth eruption on the southwest rift zone during Kilauea's 200 years of recorded history, in contrast to more than 20 eruptions on the east rift zone. Order-of-magnitude differences in topographic and geophysical expression indicate greatly disparate eruption rates for far more than historic time and thus suggest a considerably larger dike swarm within the east rift zone than within the southwest rift zone. Characteristics of the historic eruptions on the southwest rift zone suggest that magma may be fed directly from active lava lakes in Kilauea Caldera or from shallow cupolas at the top of the summit magma reservoir, through fissures that propagate down rift from the caldera itself at the onset of eruption. Moreover, emplacement of this magma into the southwest rift zone may be possible only when compressive stress across the rift is reduced by some unknown critical amount owing either to seaward displacement of the terrane south-southeast of the rift zone or to a deflated condition of Mauna Loa Volcano adjacent to the northwest, or both. The former condition arises when the forceful emplacement of dikes into the east rift zone wedges the south flank of Kilauea seaward. Such controls on the potential for eruption along the southwest rift zone may be related to the topographic and geophysical constrasts between the two rift zones. ?? 1982.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., Christiansen, R., Koyanagi, R.Y., and Peterson, D.W., 1982, Storage, migration, and eruption of magma at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1971-1972: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 13, no. 3-4, p. 273-307.","startPage":"273","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9874e4b08c986b31c045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, D. W.","contributorId":84326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011911,"text":"70011911 - 1982 - Air pollution: Household soiling and consumer welfare losses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T14:52:15.92587","indexId":"70011911","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2254,"text":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air pollution: Household soiling and consumer welfare losses","docAbstract":"

This paper uses demand and supply functions for cleanliness to estimate household benefits from reduced particulate matter soiling. A demand curve for household cleanliness is estimated, based upon the assumption that households prefer more cleanliness to less. Empirical coefficients, related to particulate pollution levels, for shifting the cleanliness supply curve, are taken from available studies. Consumer welfare gains, aggregated across 123 SMSAs, from achieving the Federal primary particulate standard, are estimated to range from $0.9 to $3.2 million per year (1971 dollars).

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0095-0696(82)90033-X","issn":"00950696","usgsCitation":"Watson, W., and Jaksch, J., 1982, Air pollution: Household soiling and consumer welfare losses: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 9, no. 3, p. 248-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(82)90033-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e918e4b0c8380cd480c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, W.D.","contributorId":96730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaksch, J.A.","contributorId":29956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaksch","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011663,"text":"70011663 - 1982 - Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:00:42.55983","indexId":"70011663","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9107,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds","docAbstract":"

In February and March of 1978, filter samplers mounted on an aircraft were used to collect the aerosol fraction of the eruption clouds from three active Guatemalan volcanoes (Fuego, Pacaya, and Santiaguito). The samples were collected on Teflon (Fluoropore) filters with a nominal pore diameter of 0.5μm. The mass of air sampled by the filters ranged from 0.15 to 6.6 kg. The particulate material collected consisted of fragments of angular silicate ash and droplets of what is interpreted as dilute H2SO4 and HCl. After collection of the samples, each filter was rinsed with 60 ml of distilled-deionized water. Splits of each extract were centrifuged to remove particles greater than or equal to 0.1 μm in diameter, acidified, and analyzed for B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, Si, Sr, V, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectroscopy. Separate splits were analyzed for F and Cl by specific-ion-electrode methods and for U by a fission track technique. The elements dissolved in the aqueous extracts represent components of water-soluble material either formed directly in the eruption cloud or derived from interaction of ash particles and aerosol components of the plume. Calculations of enrichment factors, based upon concentration ratios, showed the elements most enriched in the extracts relative to bulk ash composition were Cd, Cu, V, F, Cl, Zn, and Pb. These elements represent a subset (with the addition of Cl and F) of elements previously reported enriched in atmospheric aerosols in remote regions as well as in volcanic areas. This suggests that some of the enriched elements were widely dispersed as volatile halides emitted from a volcanic source.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC087iC07p04963","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Zielinski, R.A., Rose, W., and Huebert, B., 1982, Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, v. 87, no. C7, p. 4963-4972, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC087iC07p04963.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4963","endPage":"4972","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"C7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcef3e4b08c986b32e64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, W.I. Jr.","contributorId":25275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.I.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huebert, B.J.","contributorId":6189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebert","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011535,"text":"70011535 - 1982 - Earthquake location in island arcs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:38:11","indexId":"70011535","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake location in island arcs","docAbstract":"A comprehensive data set of selected teleseismic P-wave arrivals and local-network P- and S-wave arrivals from large earthquakes occurring at all depths within a small section of the central Aleutians is used to examine the general problem of earthquake location in island arcs. Reference hypocenters for this special data set are determined for shallow earthquakes from local-network data and for deep earthquakes from combined local and teleseismic data by joint inversion for structure and location. The high-velocity lithospheric slab beneath the central Aleutians may displace hypocenters that are located using spherically symmetric Earth models; the amount of displacement depends on the position of the earthquakes with respect to the slab and on whether local or teleseismic data are used to locate the earthquakes. Hypocenters for trench and intermediate-depth events appear to be minimally biased by the effects of slab structure on rays to teleseismic stations. However, locations of intermediate-depth events based on only local data are systematically displaced southwards, the magnitude of the displacement being proportional to depth. Shallow-focus events along the main thrust zone, although well located using only local-network data, are severely shifted northwards and deeper, with displacements as large as 50 km, by slab effects on teleseismic travel times. Hypocenters determined by a method that utilizes seismic ray tracing through a three-dimensional velocity model of the subduction zone, derived by thermal modeling, are compared to results obtained by the method of joint hypocenter determination (JHD) that formally assumes a laterally homogeneous velocity model over the source region and treats all raypath anomalies as constant station corrections to the travel-time curve. The ray-tracing method has the theoretical advantage that it accounts for variations in travel-time anomalies within a group of events distributed over a sizable region of a dipping, high-velocity lithospheric slab. In application, JHD has the practical advantage that it does not require the specification of a theoretical velocity model for the slab. Considering earthquakes within a 260 km long by 60 km wide section of the Aleutian main thrust zone, our results suggest that the theoretical velocity structure of the slab is presently not sufficiently well known that accurate locations can be obtained independently of locally recorded data. Using a locally recorded earthquake as a calibration event, JHD gave excellent results over the entire section of the main thrust zone here studied, without showing a strong effect that might be attributed to spatially varying source-station anomalies. We also calibrated the ray-tracing method using locally recorded data and obtained results generally similar to those obtained by JHD. ?? 1982.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(82)90099-1","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Engdahl, E., Dewey, J.W., and Fujita, K., 1982, Earthquake location in island arcs: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 30, no. 2-3, p. 145-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(82)90099-1.","startPage":"145","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267343,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(82)90099-1"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04f7e4b0c8380cd50bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engdahl, E.R.","contributorId":22906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujita, K.","contributorId":87935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011536,"text":"70011536 - 1982 - Application of automated image analysis to coal petrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:39:00.168408","indexId":"70011536","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of automated image analysis to coal petrography","docAbstract":"

The coal petrologist seeks to determine the petrographic characteristics of organic and inorganic coal constituents and their lateral and vertical variations within a single coal bed or different coal beds of a particular coal field. Definitive descriptions of coal characteristics and coal facies provide the basis for interpretation of depositional environments, diagenetic changes, and burial history and determination of the degree of coalification or metamorphism. Numerous coal core or columnar samples must be studied in detail in order to adequately describe and define coal microlithotypes, lithotypes, and lithologic facies and their variations. The large amount of petrographic information required can be obtained rapidly and quantitatively by use of an automated image-analysis system (AIAS).

An AIAS can be used to generate quantitative megascopic and microscopic modal analyses for the lithologic units of an entire columnar section of a coal bed. In our scheme for megascopic analysis, distinctive bands 2 mm or more thick are first demarcated by visual inspection. These bands consist of either nearly pure microlithotypes or lithotypes such as vitrite/vitrain or fusite/fusain, or assemblages of microlithotypes. Megascopic analysis with the aid of the AIAS is next performed to determine volume percentages of vitrite, inertite, minerals, and microlithotype mixtures in bands 0.5 to 2 mm thick. The microlithotype mixtures are analyzed microscopically by use of the AIAS to determine their modal composition in terms of maceral and optically observable mineral components. Megascopic and microscopic data are combined to describe the coal unit quantitatively in terms of (V) for vitrite, (E) for liptite, (I) for inertite or fusite, (M) for mineral components other than iron sulfide, (S) for iron sulfide, and (VEIM) for the composition of the mixed phases (Xi) i = 1,2, etc. in terms of the maceral groups vitrinite V, exinite E, inertinite I, and optically observable mineral content M. The volume percentage of each component present is indicated by a subscript. For example, a lithologic unit was determined megascopically to have the composition (V)13(I)1(S)1(X1)83(X2)2. After microscopic analysis of the mixed phases, this composition was expressed as (V)13(I)1(S)1(V63E19I14M4)83(V67E11I13M9)2. Finally, these data were combined in a description of the bulk composition as V67E16I13M3S1. An AIAS can also analyze textural characteristics and can be used for quick and reliable determination of rank (reflectance).

Our AIAS is completely software based and incorporates a television (TV) camera that has optimum response characteristics in the range of reflectance less than 5%, making it particularly suitable for coal studies. Analysis of the digitized signal from the TV camera is controlled by a microprocessor having a resolution of 64 gray levels between full illumination and dark current. The processed image is reconverted for display on a TV monitor screen, on which selection of phases or features to be analyzed is readily controlled and edited by the operator through use of a lightpen.

We expect that automated image analysis, because it can rapidly provide a large amount of pertinent information, will play a major role in the advancement of coal petrography.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(82)90002-7","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Chao, E.C., Minkin, J., and Thompson, C., 1982, Application of automated image analysis to coal petrography: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 113-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(82)90002-7.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec96e4b0c8380cd49376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011723,"text":"70011723 - 1982 - A note on the Goodman Jack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T12:05:51.618311","indexId":"70011723","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3305,"text":"Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the Goodman Jack","docAbstract":"

A Note on the Goodman Jack. Reconnaissance experiments, performed to evaluate the practical utility of the hard-rock variety of the Goodman Jack 1, reveal that the Hustrulid-T* correction adequately reconciles the discrepancy between the measured and true deformation modulus of the rock mass in the range of 30 to50 gigapascals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01246885","issn":"00357448","usgsCitation":"Swolfs, H., and Kibler, J., 1982, A note on the Goodman Jack: Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches, v. 15, no. 2, p. 57-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01246885.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c2e4b0c8380cd468df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swolfs, H.S.","contributorId":70759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swolfs","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kibler, J.D.","contributorId":68311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011541,"text":"70011541 - 1982 - Genetic implications of minor-element and Sr-isotope geochemistry of alkaline rock complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70011541","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic implications of minor-element and Sr-isotope geochemistry of alkaline rock complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"Concentrations of Rb, Sr, and REE (rare earth elements), and Sr-isotopic ratios in rocks of the Cambrian alkaline complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Colorado, show that rocks formed as end-products of a variety of magmas generated from different source materials. The complexes generally contain a bimodal suite of cumulus mafic-ultramafic rocks and younger leucocratic rocks that include nepheline syenite and hornblende-biotite syenite in the McClure Mountain Complex, nepheline syenite pegmatite in the Gem Park Complex, and quartz syenite in the complex at Democrat Creek. The nepheline syenite and hornblende-biotite syenite at McClure Mountain (535??5m.y.) are older than the syenitic rocks at Democrat Creek (511??8m.y.). REE concentrations indicate that the nepheline syenite at McClure Mountain cannot be derived from the hornblende-biotite syenite, which it intrudes, or from the associated mafic-ultramafic rocks. REE also indicate that mafic-ultramafic rocks at McClure Mountain have a source distinct from that of the mafic-ultramafic rocks at Democrat Creek. In the McClure Mountain Complex, initial87Sr/86Sr ratios for mafic-ultramafic rocks (0.7046??0.0002) are similar to those of hornblende-biotite syenite (0.7045??0.0002), suggesting a similar magmatic source, whereas ratios for carbonatites (0.7038??0.0002) are similar to those of nepheline syenite (0.7038??0.0002). At Democrat Creek, initial ratios of syenitic rocks (0.7032??0.0002) and mafic-ultramafic rocks (0.7028??0.0002) are different from those of corresponding rocks at McClure Mountain. ?? 1982 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01132072","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Armbrustmacher, T., and Hedge, C., 1982, Genetic implications of minor-element and Sr-isotope geochemistry of alkaline rock complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 79, no. 4, p. 424-435, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01132072.","startPage":"424","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205065,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01132072"},{"id":220846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1579e4b0c8380cd54e26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbrustmacher, T.J.","contributorId":92642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbrustmacher","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011542,"text":"70011542 - 1982 - The graphic cell method: a new look at digitizing geologic maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:52:05","indexId":"70011542","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The graphic cell method: a new look at digitizing geologic maps","docAbstract":"The graphic cell method is an alternative method of digitizing areal geologic information. It involves a discrete-point sampling scheme in which the computer establishes a matrix of cells over the map. Each cell and the whole cell is assigned the identity or value of the geologic information that is recognized at its center. Cell size may be changed to suit the needs of the user. The computer program resolves the matrix and identifies potential errors such as multiple assignments. Input includes the digitized boundaries of each geologic formation. This method should eliminate a primary bottleneck in the creation and testing of geomathematical models in such disciplines as resource appraisal. ?? 1982.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(82)90018-8","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Hanley, J., 1982, The graphic cell method: a new look at digitizing geologic maps: Computers & Geosciences, v. 8, no. 2, p. 149-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(82)90018-8.","startPage":"149","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266194,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(82)90018-8"},{"id":220912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac96e4b08c986b3235d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanley, J.T.","contributorId":73192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanley","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}