Cyanobacterial blooms, and associated cyanotoxin occurrence, are a concern because of the potential harms posed to humans, wildlife, and aquatic ecosystem health. Evidence suggests the magnitude, frequency, and duration of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing, and these events represent a significant challenge to freshwaters and, increasingly, marine waters, worldwide. Cyanobacterial blooms routinely receive local and national attention because of occurrence in new locations, recreational closures, drinking-water impacts, animal illnesses and deaths, scientific advances, and novel management and mitigation strategies. Due to public information campaigns at local, state, and federal levels, the public is generally aware of what cyanobacterial blooms look like and potential risks posed to human and animal health. It is difficult now to imagine a time when cyanobacterial blooms were considered an occasional nuisance in lakes and reservoirs, well-known only by limnologists. When I began my career over twenty years ago, however, that was the status. Cyanobacteria were just beginning to capture attention, and they certainly captured mine.
","language":"English","publisher":"North American Lake Management Society","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.L., 2021, Cyanotoxin occurrence in the United States: A 20 year retrospective: Lakeline, v. 41, p. 8-11.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-129870","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222498,"text":"70222498 - 2021 - Movement of sediment through a burned landscape: Sediment volume observations and model comparisons in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T12:53:39.663168","indexId":"70222498","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-15T07:51:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of sediment through a burned landscape: Sediment volume observations and model comparisons in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Post-wildfire changes to hydrologic and geomorphic systems can lead to widespread sediment redistribution. Understanding how sediment moves through a watershed is crucial for assessing hazards, developing debris flow inundation models, engineering sediment retention solutions, and quantifying the role that disturbances play in landscape evolution. In this study, we used terrestrial and airborne lidar to measure sediment redistribution in the 2016 Fish Fire, in the San Gabriel Mountains in southern California, USA. The lidar areas are in two adjacent watersheds, at spatial scales of 900 m2 to 4 km2, respectively. Terrestrial lidar data were acquired prior to rainfall, and two subsequent surveys show erosional change after rainstorms. Two airborne lidar flights occurred (1) 7 months before, and (2) 14 months after the fire ignition, capturing the erosional effects after rainfall. We found hillslope erosion dominated the overall sediment budget in the first rainy season after wildfire. Only 7% of the total erosion came from the active channel bed and channel banks, and the remaining 93% of eroded sediment was derived from hillslopes. Within the channelized portion of the watershed erosion/deposition could be generally described with topographic metrics used in a stream power equation. Observed sediment volumes were compared with four empirical models and one process-based model. We found that the best predictions of sediment volume were obtained from an empirical model developed in the same physiographic region. Moreover, this study showed that post-wildfire erosion rates in the San Gabriel Mountains attain the same magnitude as millennial time scale bedrock erosion rates.
Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in southwest Alaska declined substantially between about 1990 and the most recent set of surveys in 2015. Here we report changes in the distribution and abundance of sea otters, and covarying patterns in reproduction, mortality, body size and condition, diet and foraging behavior, food availability, health profiles, and exposure to environmental contaminants over this 25-yr period. The population decline, which resulted in densities on the order of 5% of environmental carrying capacity, ranged from Attu Island in the west to about Castle Cape (on the south side of the Alaska Peninsula) in the east. Remaining sea otters moved closer to shore and into shallow, protected habitats. Reproductive rates appeared unchanged with the decline. Although the demographic cause of the decline was clearly elevated mortality, stranded carcasses were rare or absent. The net rate of energy gain by foraging sea otters, body length and condition, and prey biomass density, all increased after the decline and varied inversely with sea otter population density beyond the area of decline. Sea otters within the area of decline showed no increases in health anomalies, disease, contaminant exposure, or abnormal gene transcription patterns as compared to animals outside the area of decline. These collective findings are inconsistent with nutritional limitation, disease, or environmental contaminants, and consistent with predation (or possibly some other density-independent factor) as the reason for the sea otter population decline. Our approach and analyses provide a broad conceptual template for thinking about and assessing the causes of wildlife population declines.
Pesticides occur in urban streams globally, but the relation of occurrence to urbanization can be obscured by regional differences. In studies of five regions of the United States, we investigated the effect of region and urbanization on the occurrence and potential toxicity of dissolved pesticide mixtures. We analyzed 225 pesticide compounds in weekly discrete water samples collected during 6–12 weeks from 271 wadable streams; development in these basins ranged from undeveloped to highly urbanized. Sixteen pesticides were consistently detected in 16 urban centers across the five regions—we propose that these pesticides comprise a suite of urban signature pesticides (USP) that are all common in small U.S. urban streams. These USPs accounted for the majority of summed maximum pesticide concentrations at urban sites within each urban center. USP concentrations, mixture complexity, and potential toxicity increased with the degree of urbanization in the basin. Basin urbanization explained the most variability in multivariate distance-based models of pesticide profiles, with region always secondary in importance. The USPs accounted for 83% of pesticides in the 20 most frequently occurring 2-compound unique mixtures at urban sites, with carbendazim+prometon the most common. Although USPs were consistently detected in all regions, detection frequencies and concentrations varied by region, conferring differences in potential aquatic toxicity. Potential toxicity was highest for invertebrates (benchmarks exceeded in 51% of urban streams), due most often to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and secondarily to organophosphate insecticides and fipronil. Benchmarks were rarely exceeded in urban streams for plants (at 3% of sites) or fish (<1%). We propose that the USPs identified here would make logical core (nonexclusive) constituents for monitoring dissolved pesticides in U.S. urban streams, and that unique mixtures containing imidacloprid, fipronil, and carbendazim are priority candidates for mixtures toxicity testing.
Citizen science, or community science, has emerged as a cost-efficient method to collect data for wildlife monitoring. To inform research and conservation, citizen science sampling designs should collect data that match the robust statistical analyses needed to quantify species and population patterns. Further increasing the contributions of citizen science, integrating citizen science data with other datasets and datatypes can improve population estimates and expand the spatiotemporal extent of inference. We demonstrate these points with a citizen science program called iSeeMammals developed in New York state in 2017 to supplement costly systematic spatial capture-recapture sampling by collecting opportunistic data from one-off observations, hikes, and camera traps. iSeeMammals has initially focused on the growing population of American black bear (Ursus americanus), with integrated analysis of iSeeMammals camera trap data with systematic data for a region with a growing bear population. The triumvirate of increased spatial and temporal coverage by at least twofold compared to systematic sampling, an 83% reduction in annual sampling costs, and improved density estimates when integrated with systematic data highlight the benefits of collecting presence-absence data in citizen science programs for estimating population patterns. Additional opportunities will come from applying presence-only data, which are oftentimes more prevalent than presence-absence data, to integrated models. Patterns in data submission and filtering also emphasize the importance of iteratively evaluating patterns in engagement, usability, and accessibility, especially focusing on younger adult and teenage demographics, to improve data quality and quantity. We explore how the development and use of integrated models may be paired with citizen science project design in order to facilitate repeated use of datasets in standalone and integrated analyses for supporting wildlife monitoring and informing conservation.
Tree hyraxes (Dendrohyrax) are one of only three genera currently recognized in Procaviidae, the only extant family in the mammalian order Hyracoidea. Their taxonomy and natural history have received little attention in recent decades. All tree hyrax populations of Guineo-Congolian forests of Africa are currently treated as a single species, Dendrohyrax dorsalis, the western tree hyrax, but many other groups of mammals distributed across this large biome have been shown to consist of several different species, each restricted to a distinct biogeographical region. We analysed variation in loud-call structure, pelage colour, skull morphometrics and mitochondrial genomes in populations across much of the range of D. dorsalis. This integrative approach uncovered considerable cryptic variation. The population found between the Niger and Volta Rivers in West Africa is particularly distinctive, and we describe it herein as a new species. Our study highlights the need to revise the taxonomy of the genus Dendrohyrax in light of modern systematics and current understanding of its distribution. It also adds to a growing body of evidence that the Niger–Volta interfluvium has a distinct meso-mammal fauna. Unfortunately, the fauna of this region is under major threat and warrants much greater conservation attention.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab029","usgsCitation":"Oates, J.F., Woodman, N., Gaubert, P., Sargis, E.J., Wiafe, E.D., Lecompte, E., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Dowsett, R.J., Bi, S.G., Ikemeh, R.A., Djagoun, C., Tomsett, L., and Bearder, S.K., 2021, A new species of tree hyrax (Procaviidae: Dendrohyrax) from West Africa and the significance of the Niger–Volta interfluvium in mammalian biogeography: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlab029, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab029.","productDescription":"zlab029","ipdsId":"IP-127431","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"West Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -19.33593749999999,\n 2.811371193331128\n ],\n [\n 22.14843750000001,\n 2.811371193331128\n ],\n [\n 22.14843750000001,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -19.33593749999999,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -19.33593749999999,\n 2.811371193331128\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oates, John F. 0000-0001-5943-4557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5943-4557","contributorId":260296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oates","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":52558,"text":"Department of Anthropology, Hunter College CUNY, New York, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaubert, Philippe 0000-0002-1375-9935","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-9935","contributorId":149820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaubert","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17834,"text":"Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM) – UM2-CNRS-IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 05, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sargis, Eric J. 0000-0003-0424-3803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-3803","contributorId":203885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sargis","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36741,"text":"Department of Anthropology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208277, New Haven, CT 06520, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiafe, Edward D. 0000-0001-5938-9901","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5938-9901","contributorId":260297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiafe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":52559,"text":"Le Pouget, 30440 Sumène, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lecompte, Emilie 0000-0002-5711-7395","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-7395","contributorId":260298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lecompte","given":"Emilie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52560,"text":"Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, IRD / CNRS / UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dowsett-Lemaire, Francoise","contributorId":260299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dowsett-Lemaire","given":"Francoise","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52559,"text":"Le Pouget, 30440 Sumène, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dowsett, Robert J.","contributorId":260300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":52559,"text":"Le Pouget, 30440 Sumène, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bi, Sery Gonedele 0000-0001-8823-4319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-4319","contributorId":260301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bi","given":"Sery","email":"","middleInitial":"Gonedele","affiliations":[{"id":52562,"text":"Département de Génétique, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ikemeh, Rachel A. 0000-0002-0342-9625","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-9625","contributorId":260302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikemeh","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":52563,"text":"SW/Niger Delta Forest Project, New Garki, Abuja, Nigeria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Djagoun, Chabi 0000-0002-6352-2450","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-2450","contributorId":260303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Djagoun","given":"Chabi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52564,"text":"Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tomsett, Louise","contributorId":260304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomsett","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52565,"text":"Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bearder, Simon K.","contributorId":260305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bearder","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":52566,"text":"School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70221485,"text":"70221485 - 2021 - Effects of tidally varying river flow on entrainment of juvenile salmon into Sutter and Steamboat Sloughs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-17T11:39:33.433744","indexId":"70221485","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-15T06:37:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of tidally varying river flow on entrainment of juvenile salmon into Sutter and Steamboat Sloughs","docAbstract":"Structure from motion (SFM) has become an integral technique in coastal change assessment; the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition photogrammetry software to develop a workflow that processes coastline aerial imagery collected in response to storms since Hurricane Florence in 2018. This report details step-by-step instructions to create three-dimensional (3D) spatial products from both singular and repeated collections of shoreline aerial imagery. The products can be used for real-time hazard guidance and future forecasting and recovery endeavors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211039","usgsCitation":"Over, J.R., Ritchie, A.C., Kranenburg, C.J., Brown, J.A., Buscombe, D., Noble, T., Sherwood, C.R., Warrick, J.A., and Wernette, P.A., 2021, Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6—Structure from motion workflow documentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1039, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039.","productDescription":"viii, 46","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-121963","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436312,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DGS5B9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Agisoft Metashape/Photoscan Automated Image Alignment and Error Reduction version 2.0"},{"id":436311,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ISFCVN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aerial Imagery of the North Carolina Coast: 2020-02-08 to 2020-02-09"},{"id":436310,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99TL46N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aerial Imagery of the North Carolina Coast: 2019-11-26"},{"id":386455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1039/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386456,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1039/ofr20211039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1039"}],"contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543–1598
508–548–8700 or 508–457–2200
Landscape change in Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, California, was characterized using data derived from four lidar surveys: one airborne survey in 2006 and three terrestrial surveys in 2016, 2017, and 2018. These surveys were used to generate a better quantitative understanding of changes associated with fluvial processes along the reach of the Tuolumne River within Tuolumne Meadows. This research was performed to provide a scientific basis for restoration and management decisions made by the National Park Service in accordance with the Tuolumne Wild and Scenic River Final Comprehensive Management Plan. A total of 15 reaches of the streambanks along the Tuolumne River in Tuolumne Meadows were subject to measurable streambank erosion between 2006 and 2018. In these areas, streambank retreat rates ranged between 0 and 2.7 meters per year (m/yr), recorded as an average retreat distance along the length of changing streambank position, with most retreat rates being less than 0.50 m/yr. The highest streambank retreat rates are associated with a year of high spring streamflow in 2017. Based on the data available, it was concluded that deposition on channel and point bars balances streambank erosion over a period of 12 years along the Tuolumne River in Tuolumne Meadows. As such, the river could be considered to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium during this period; erosion and sedimentation occur in distinct pulses in response to hydrological forcing but it is not clear that there is a trend towards sediment accumulation or removal in Tuolumne Meadows nor is there an obvious trend toward channel widening or narrowing. The existence of visible paleochannels in the meadow are an indication that more dramatic channel planform geometry changes have occurred in Tuolumne Meadows over an undetermined period and may occur again in the future. Geomorphic change rates relate to hydrology; during the study period, the high water in 2017 led to the highest rates of geomorphic change. Land managers should anticipate that floods with discharge rates greater than the peak flow in 2017 may cause more substantial landscape change than what was observed in this study, but erosion resulting from these events may be balanced by channel and point-bar deposition over a period of years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Pickering, A.J., and Kuhn, T., 2021, Streambank erosion and related geomorphic change in Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5025, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215025.","productDescription":"viii, 87 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118934","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386473,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5025/sir20215025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":386472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5025/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.03936767578124,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -118.85284423828124,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -118.85284423828124,\n 38.0091482264894\n ],\n [\n -120.03936767578124,\n 38.0091482264894\n ],\n [\n -120.03936767578124,\n 37.461778479617465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Landsat surface temperature and land cover products have been used to estimate surface temperatures in urban and surrounding nonurban areas and to quantify urban heat island intensity. Understanding the intensity and long-term temporal trends of urban heat islands enables the heat-related health challenges associated with heat waves to be monitored and the effects for human health and ecosystems to be better understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20213031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Xian, G.Z., 2021, Monitoring and assessing urban heat island variations and effects in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021–3031, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213031.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-129124","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386098,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H6E1FZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Land surface thermal feature change monitoring in urban and urban wild land interface (ver. 3.0, June 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U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Globally, anthrax outbreaks pose a serious threat to people, livestock, and wildlife. Furthermore, environmental change can exacerbate these outbreak dynamics by altering the host–pathogen relationship. However, little is known about how the quantitative spatial dynamics of host movement and environmental change may affect the spread of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. Here, we use real-time observations and high-resolution tracking data from a population of common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in Tanzania to explore the relationship between river hydrology, H. amphibius movement, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of an active anthrax outbreak. We found that extreme river drying, a consequence of anthropogenic disturbances to our study river, indirectly facilitated the spread of B. anthracis by modulating H. amphibius movements. Our findings reveal that anthrax spread upstream in the Great Ruaha River (~3.5 km over a 9-day period), which followed the movement patterns of infected H. amphibius, who moved upstream as the river dried in search of remaining aquatic refugia. These upstream movements can result in large aggregations of H. amphibius. However, despite these aggregations, the density of H. amphibius in river pools did not influence the number of B. anthracis-induced mortalities. Moreover, infection by B. anthracis did not appear to influence H. amphibius movement behaviors, which suggests that infected individuals can vector B. anthracis over large distances right up until their death. Finally, we show that contact rates between H. amphibius- and B. anthracis-infected river pools are highly variable and the frequency and duration of contacts could potentially increase the probability of mortality. While difficult to obtain, the quantitative insights that we gathered during a real-time anthrax outbreak are critical to better understand, predict, and manage future outbreaks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3540","usgsCitation":"Stears, K., Schmitt, M.H., Turner, W.C., McCauley, D., Muse, E.A., Kiwango, H., Matheyo, D., and Mutayoba, B.M., 2021, Hippopotamus movements structure the spatiotemporal dynamics of an active anthrax outbreak: Ecosphere, v. 12, no. 6, e03540, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3540.","productDescription":"e03540, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121950","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3540","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Ruaha National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 33.95874023437499,\n -8.697784143504906\n ],\n [\n 34.87884521484374,\n -8.697784143504906\n ],\n [\n 34.87884521484374,\n -7.917793352627911\n ],\n [\n 33.95874023437499,\n -7.917793352627911\n ],\n [\n 33.95874023437499,\n -8.697784143504906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stears, Keenan","contributorId":287054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stears","given":"Keenan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16936,"text":"University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, Melissa H.","contributorId":287055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16936,"text":"University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCauley, Douglas J.","contributorId":287056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCauley","given":"Douglas J.","affiliations":[{"id":16936,"text":"University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muse, Epaphras A.","contributorId":287060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muse","given":"Epaphras","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":61455,"text":"Tanzania National Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kiwango, Halima","contributorId":287062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiwango","given":"Halima","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61455,"text":"Tanzania National Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matheyo, Daniel","contributorId":287063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matheyo","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61455,"text":"Tanzania National Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mutayoba, Benezeth M.","contributorId":287064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mutayoba","given":"Benezeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":61457,"text":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70222470,"text":"70222470 - 2021 - Seasonal controls on sediment delivery and hydrodynamics in a vegetated tidally influenced interdistributary island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T13:15:24.206845","indexId":"70222470","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-14T08:12:44","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2321,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal controls on sediment delivery and hydrodynamics in a vegetated tidally influenced interdistributary island","docAbstract":"River deltas are maintained by a continuous supply of terrestrial sediments that provide critical land building material to help sustain and protect vulnerable ecological communities and serve as natural storm protection barriers. Local hydrodynamics are important in determining the degree to which fluvial sediments are removed from the water column and retained on the delta complex. During 2014, we measured hydrodynamics and sediment transport characteristics at one of the world's most rapidly prograding deltas, the Wax Lake delta in Louisiana, USA. We observed waves to be the dominant source of bottom stress for 70% of our observations. Sediment concentration tended to increase with shear stress, but only after stresses exceeded 0.01–0.02 Pa. Significant wave height and bottom stress were substantially reduced after June, when the emergence of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) formed a dense canopy over the intertidal regions of the island splay. Hydrodynamics during these summer vegetated conditions were much more favorable to floc formation, and by extension particle settling, as shown by trends in the Kolmogorov microscale parameter over the course of the measurement campaign. Together, these findings suggest that the timing between peak river discharge and the emergence of vegetation may have a strong influence on rates of progradation in seasonally vegetated delta splays, whereby sediments delivered by flood events that extend late into summer may be governed by hydrodynamics that favor particle deposition, whereas those delivered prior to the summer may be more prone to remain in suspension and bypass the delta complex.
Connecting earthquake nucleation in basement rock to fluid injection in basal, sedimentary reservoirs, depends heavily on choices related to the poroelastic properties of the fluid-rock system, thermo-chemical effects notwithstanding. Direct constraints on these parameters outside of laboratory settings are rare, and it is commonly assumed that the rock layers are isotropic. With the Arbuckle wastewater disposal reservoir in Osage County, Oklahoma, high-frequency formation pressure changes and collocated broadband ground velocities measured during the passing of large teleseismic waves show a poroelastic response of the reservoir that is both azimuthally variable and anisotropic; this includes evidence of static shifts in pressure that presumably relate to changes in local permeability. The azimuthal dependence in both the static response and shear coupling appears related to tectonic stress and strain indicators such as the orientations of the maximum horizontal stress and faults and fractures. Using dynamic strains from a nearby borehole strainmeter, we show that the ratio of shear to volumetric strain coupling is
The latest release of MODFLOW 6, the current core version of the MODFLOW groundwater modeling software, debuted a new package dubbed the “mover” (MVR). Using a generalized approach, MVR facilitates the transfer of water among any arbitrary combination of simulated features (i.e., pumping wells, stream, drains, lakes, etc.) within a MODFLOW 6 simulation. Four “rules” controlling the amount of water transferred from a providing feature to a receiving feature are currently available. In this way, MVR can represent natural connections between features, for example streams entering or exiting lakes, and perhaps more interestingly, it also can transfer water among simulated features to more accurately simulate water management. An example model representative of an agricultural setting demonstrates some of the available MVR connections. For example, an irrigation event that transfers surface water from an irrigation delivery ditch to multiple cropped areas demonstrates a “one-to-many” connection that is possible within MVR. Conversely, irrigation or precipitation runoff from multiple fields may be routed to a particular stream segment using “many-to-one” MVR connections. MVR supports many additional connection types, several of which are demonstrated by the included example problem.
Ecological forecasts are quantitative tools that can guide ecosystem management. The coemergence of extensive environmental monitoring and quantitative frameworks allows for widespread development and continued improvement of ecological forecasting systems. We use a relatively simple estuarine hypoxia model to demonstrate advances in addressing some of the most critical challenges and opportunities of contemporary ecological forecasting, including predictive accuracy, uncertainty characterization, and management relevance. We explore the impacts of different combinations of forecast metrics, drivers, and driver time windows on predictive performance. We also incorporate multiple sets of state-variable observations from different sources and separately quantify model prediction error and measurement uncertainty through a flexible Bayesian hierarchical framework. Results illustrate the benefits of (1) adopting forecast metrics and drivers that strike an optimal balance between predictability and relevance to management, (2) incorporating multiple data sources in the calibration data set to separate and propagate different sources of uncertainty, and (3) using the model in scenario mode to probabilistically evaluate the effects of alternative management decisions on future ecosystem state. In the Chesapeake Bay, the subject of this case study, we find that average summer or total annual hypoxia metrics are more predictable than monthly metrics and that measurement error represents an important source of uncertainty. Application of the model in scenario mode suggests that absent watershed management actions over the past decades, long-term average hypoxia would have increased by 7% compared to 1985. Conversely, the model projects that if management goals currently in place to restore the Bay are met, long-term average hypoxia would eventually decrease by 32% with respect to the mid-1980s.
A three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework of the Hot Springs anticlinorium beneath Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, was constructed to represent the complex hydrogeology of the park and surrounding areas to depths exceeding 9,000 feet below ground surface. The framework, composed of 6 rock formations and 1 vertical fault emplaced beneath the thermal springs, was discretized into 19 layers, 429 rows, and 576 columns and incorporated into a 3-dimensional steady-state groundwater-flow model constructed in MODFLOW-2005. Historical daily mean thermal spring flows were simulated for one stress period of approximately 34 years (1980–2014), chosen to represent the period of record for historical climate data used in the quantification of the boundary conditions. The groundwater-flow model was manually calibrated to historical daily mean thermal spring flows of 88,000 cubic feet per day observed over a 12-year period of record (1990–1995 and 1998–2005) at the thermal springs collection system. Calibration was achieved by calculating starting heads and general head boundary conditions from the Bernoulli equation and then adjusting the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities of the rock formations and vertical fault and the hydraulic conductance of head-dependent flux boundaries. The groundwater-flow model was coupled to a surface-water model developed in the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) by using PRMS-simulated gravity drainage as a specified flux recharge boundary condition in the groundwater-flow model. Together, the coupled models were used to (1) locate the areas of groundwater recharge to the thermal springs in the discretized hydrogeologic framework by using forward and reverse particle-tracking capabilities of MODPATH, (2) simulate the effects of variable recharge rates on the spring flows at the thermal springs, and (3) assess possible effects of climate and land-use change on the long-term variability of spring flows at the thermal springs.
Forward and backward particle-tracking maps indicated that the most prevalent areas of recharge in the discretized hydrogeologic framework used in this study were within about 0.6–0.9 mile of the thermal springs. Forward particle tracking indicated a recharge area southwest of the thermal springs that corresponded to a location where the predominant lithologies are the Arkansas Novaculite, Hot Springs Sandstone, and Bigfork Chert. Backward particle tracking indicated a second localized area of recharge to the northeast of the thermal springs that corresponded to a location where the dominant lithology is the Bigfork Chert. The groundwater-flow model indicated that the most probable recharge formations are the Arkansas Novaculite, Bigfork Chert, and Hot Springs Sandstone.
The simulated effects of climate and land-use changes on the variability of the spring-flow rates at the thermal springs generally resulted in reductions of thermal spring flow attributed to urban development and more extreme climates characterized by elevated mean surface air temperatures. The groundwater-flow model predicted a linear relation between the thermal spring discharge and the cumulative recharge volume applied to the hydrogeologic framework, and the positive slope of the predicted relation between recharge and simulated thermal spring flow indicates that more extreme precipitation events that supply more recharge may in fact increase the thermal spring-flow rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.M., Ikard, S.J., Hays, P.D., and Clark, B.R., 2021, Effects of climate and land-use change on thermal springs recharge—A system-based coupled surface-water and groundwater-flow model for Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5045, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215045.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091576","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5045/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386402,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5045/sir20215045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"43.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5045"},{"id":386403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SBJVVL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model inputs and outputs for simulating and predicting the effects of climate and land-use changes on thermal springs recharge—A system-based coupled surface-water and groundwater-flow model for Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas"},{"id":386404,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5045/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Hot Springs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1475830078125,\n 34.487881874939866\n ],\n [\n -92.96012878417969,\n 34.487881874939866\n ],\n [\n -92.96012878417969,\n 34.57273337081573\n ],\n [\n -93.1475830078125,\n 34.57273337081573\n ],\n [\n -93.1475830078125,\n 34.487881874939866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
Coral growth anomalies (GAs) are tumor-like protrusions that are detrimental to coral health, affecting both the coral skeleton and soft tissues. These lesions are increasingly found throughout the tropics and are commonly associated with high human population density, yet little is known about the molecular pathology of the disease. Here, we investigate the metabolic impacts of GAs through 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics in Porites compressa tissues from a site of high disease prevalence (Coconut Island, Hawaii). We putatively identified 18 metabolites (8.1% of total annotated features) through complementary 1H and 1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum correlation NMR data that increase confidence in pathway analyses and may bolster future coral metabolite annotation efforts. Extract yield was elevated in both GA and unaffected (normal tissue from a diseased colony) compared to reference (normal tissue from GA-free colony) samples, potentially indicating elevated metabolic activity in GA-impacted colonies. Relatively high variation in metabolomic profiles among coral samples of the same treatment (i.e., inter-colony variation) confounded data interpretation, however, analyses of paired GA and unaffected samples identified 73 features that differed between these respective metabolome types. These features were largely annotated as unknowns, but 1-methylnicotinamide and trigonelline were found to be elevated in GA samples, while betaine, glycine, and histamine were lower in GA samples. Pathway analyses indicate decreased choline oxidation in GA samples, making this a pathway of interest for future targeted studies. Collectively, our results provide unique insights into GA pathophysiology by showing these lesions alter both the absolute and relative metabolism of affected colonies and by identifying features (metabolites and unknowns) and metabolic pathways of interest in GA pathophysiology going forward.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-021-02125-7","usgsCitation":"Andersson, E.R., Day, R.D., Work, T.M., Anderson, P.E., Woodley, C.M., and Schock, T.B., 2021, Identifying metabolic alterations associated with coral growth anomalies using 1H NMR metabolomics: Coral Reefs, v. 40, p. 1195-1209, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02125-7.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1209","ipdsId":"IP-126580","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02125-7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersson, Erik R.","contributorId":260786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andersson","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":35839,"text":"College of Charleston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Rusty D.","contributorId":260787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Rusty","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35839,"text":"College of Charleston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Paul E.","contributorId":260788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35839,"text":"College of Charleston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodley, Cheryl M.","contributorId":260789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodley","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schock, Tracey B.","contributorId":260790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schock","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":47720,"text":"NIST","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70221857,"text":"70221857 - 2021 - Low MSP-1 haplotype diversity in the West Palearctic population of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-12T17:33:46.698672","indexId":"70221857","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-12T12:33:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2650,"text":"Malaria Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Low MSP-1 haplotype diversity in the West Palearctic population of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum","title":"Low MSP-1 haplotype diversity in the West Palearctic population of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum","docAbstract":"Although avian Plasmodium species are widespread and common across the globe, limited data exist on how genetically variable their populations are. Here, the hypothesis that the avian blood parasite Plasmodium relictum exhibits very low genetic diversity in its Western Palearctic transmission area (from Morocco to Sweden in the north and Transcaucasia in the east) was tested.
The genetic diversity of Plasmodium relictum was investigated by sequencing a portion (block 14) of the fast-evolving merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) gene in 75 different P. relictum infections from 36 host species. Furthermore, the full-length MSP1 sequences representing the common block 14 allele was sequenced in order to investigate if additional variation could be found outside block 14.
The majority (72 of 75) of the sequenced infections shared the same MSP1 allele. This common allele has previously been found to be the dominant allele transmitted in Europe.
The results corroborate earlier findings derived from a limited dataset that the globally transmitted malaria parasite P. relictum exhibits very low genetic diversity in its Western Palearctic transmission area. This is likely the result of a recent introduction event or a selective sweep.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s12936-021-03799-8","usgsCitation":"Hellgren, O., Kelbskopf, V., Ellis, V.A., Ciloglu, A., Duc, M., Huang, X., Lopes, R.J., Mata, V.A., Aghayan, S.A., Inci, A., and Drovetski, S.V., 2021, Low MSP-1 haplotype diversity in the West Palearctic population of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum: Malaria Journal, v. 20, 265, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03799-8.","productDescription":"265, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127806","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03799-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellgren, Olof","contributorId":140266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellgren","given":"Olof","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13428,"text":"Lund University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelbskopf, Victor","contributorId":260867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelbskopf","given":"Victor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52694,"text":"Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Vincenzo A","contributorId":260868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellis","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":52694,"text":"Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ciloglu, Arif","contributorId":260869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ciloglu","given":"Arif","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52698,"text":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duc, Melanie","contributorId":260870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duc","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52695,"text":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huang, Xi","contributorId":260871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Xi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16866,"text":"Beijing Normal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lopes, Ricardo J.","contributorId":260872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"Ricardo","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":52696,"text":"CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mata, Vanessa A","contributorId":260873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mata","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":52696,"text":"CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aghayan, Sargis A.","contributorId":260874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aghayan","given":"Sargis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":52697,"text":"Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Republic of Armenia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Inci, Abdullah","contributorId":260875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inci","given":"Abdullah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52698,"text":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Drovetski, Sergei V. 0000-0002-1832-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-5597","contributorId":229520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drovetski","given":"Sergei","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70223769,"text":"70223769 - 2021 - Response of fish assemblages to restoration of rapids habitat in a Great Lakes connecting channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-07T16:05:33.360728","indexId":"70223769","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-12T11:00:01","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of fish assemblages to restoration of rapids habitat in a Great Lakes connecting channel","docAbstract":"Rapids habitats are critical spawning and nursery grounds for multiple Laurentian Great Lakes fishes of ecological importance such as lake sturgeon, walleye, and salmonids. However, river modifications have destroyed important rapids habitat in connecting channels by modifying flow profiles and removing large quantities of cobble and gravel that are preferred spawning substrates of several fish species. The conversion of rapids habitat to slow moving waters has altered fish assemblages and decreased the spawning success of lithophilic species. The St. Marys River is a Great Lakes connecting channel in which the majority of rapids habitat has been lost. However, rapids habitat was restored at the Little Rapids in 2016 to recover important spawning habitat in this river. During the restoration, flow and substrate were recovered to rapids habitat. We sampled the fish community (pre- and post-restoration), focusing on age-0 fishes in order to characterize the response of the fish assemblage to the restoration, particularly for species of importance (e.g. lake whitefish, walleye, Atlantic salmon). Following restoration, we observed a 40% increase in age-0 fish catch per unit effort, increased presence of rare species, and a shift in assemblage structure of age-0 fishes (higher relative abundance of Salmonidae, Cottidae, and Gasterosteidae). We also observed a “transition” period in 2017, in which the assemblage was markedly different from the pre- and post-restoration assemblages and was dominated by Catostomidae. Responses from target species were mixed, with increased Atlantic salmon abundance, first documented presence of walleye and no presence of lake sturgeon or Coregoninae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2021.05.009","usgsCitation":"Molina-Moctezuma, A., Godby, N., Kapuscinski, K., Roseman, E., Skubik, K., and Moerke, A., 2021, Response of fish assemblages to restoration of rapids habitat in a Great Lakes connecting channel: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. 4, p. 1182-1191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.05.009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1182","endPage":"1191","ipdsId":"IP-126170","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.05.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.37362670898438,\n 46.150345757336574\n ],\n [\n -83.9190673828125,\n 46.150345757336574\n ],\n [\n -83.9190673828125,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -84.37362670898438,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -84.37362670898438,\n 46.150345757336574\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Moctezuma, A.","contributorId":247565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molina-Moctezuma","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49581,"text":"Lake Superior State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godby, N.","contributorId":265347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godby","given":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kapuscinski, K.","contributorId":247567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapuscinski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49581,"text":"Lake Superior State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":217909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skubik, K.","contributorId":265348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skubik","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49581,"text":"Lake Superior State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moerke, A.","contributorId":247569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moerke","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49581,"text":"Lake Superior State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70222099,"text":"70222099 - 2021 - Integrating thermal infrared stream temperature imagery and spatial stream network models to understand natural spatial thermal variability in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T12:18:00.475837","indexId":"70222099","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-12T07:15:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2476,"text":"Journal of Thermal Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating thermal infrared stream temperature imagery and spatial stream network models to understand natural spatial thermal variability in streams","docAbstract":"Under a warmer future climate, thermal refuges could facilitate the persistence of species relying on cold-water habitat. Often these refuges are small and easily missed or smoothed out by averaging in models. Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery can provide empirical water surface temperatures that capture these features at a high spatial resolution (<1 m) and over tens of kilometers. Our study examined how TIR data could be used along with spatial stream network (SSN) models to characterize thermal regimes spatially in the Middle Fork John Day (MFJD) River mainstem (Oregon, USA). We characterized thermal variation in seven TIR longitudinal temperature profiles along the MFJD mainstem and compared them with SSN model predictions of stream temperature (for the same time periods as the TIR profiles). TIR profiles identified reaches of the MFJD mainstem with consistently cooler temperatures across years that were not consistently captured by the SSN prediction models. SSN predictions along the mainstem identified ~80% of the 1-km reach scale temperature warming or cooling trends observed in the TIR profiles. We assessed whether landscape features (e.g., tributary junctions, valley confinement, geomorphic reach classifications) could explain the fine-scale thermal heterogeneity in the TIR profiles (after accounting for the reach-scale temperature variability predicted by the SSN model) by fitting SSN models using the TIR profile observation points. Only the distance to the nearest upstream tributary was identified as a statistically significant landscape feature for explaining some of the thermal variability in the TIR profile data. When combined, TIR data and SSN models provide a data-rich evaluation of stream temperature captured in TIR imagery and a spatially extensive prediction of the network thermal diversity from the outlet to the headwaters.
At present, the most reliable information for inferring storm-time ground electric fields along electrical transmission lines comes from coarsely sampled, national-scale magnetotelluric (MT) data sets, such as that provided by the EarthScope USArray program. An underlying assumption in the use of such data is that they adequately sample the spatial heterogeneity of the surface relationship between geomagnetic and geoelectric fields. Here, we assess the degree to which the density of MT data sampling affects geoelectric hazard assessments. For electrical transmission networks in each of four focus regions across the contiguous United States, we perform two parallel band-limited (101–103 s) hazard analyses: one using only USArray-style (∼70-km station spacing) MT data, and one incorporating denser (≪70-km station spacing) MT data. We find that the use of USArray-style MT sampling alone provides a useful first-order estimate of integrated geoelectric fields along electrical transmission lines. However, we also find that the use of higher density MT data can in some areas lead to order-of-magnitude differences in line-averaged electric field estimates at the level of individual transmission lines and can also yield significant differences in subregional hazard patterns. As we demonstrate using variogram plots, these differences reflect short-spatial-scale variability in Earth conductivity, which in turn reflects regional lithotectonic structure and history. We also provide a cautionary example in the use of electrical conductivity models to predict dense MT data; although valuable for hazard applications, models may only be able to reproduce surface geoelectric fields as captured by the MT data from which they were derived.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020SW002693","usgsCitation":"Murphy, B.S., Lucas, G., Love, J.J., Kelbert, A., Bedrosian, P.A., and Rigler, E.J., 2021, Magnetotelluric sampling and geoelectric hazard estimation: Are national-scale surveys sufficient?: AGU Space Weather, v. 19, no. 7, e2020SW002693, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002693.","productDescription":"e2020SW002693, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128631","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020sw002693","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.33203124999997,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -120.93749999999997,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -120.93749999999997,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -125.33203124999997,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -125.33203124999997,\n 39.70718665682654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.140625,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 37.23032838760387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 33.211116472416855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 44.276671273775186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Benjamin Scott 0000-0001-7636-3711","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7636-3711","contributorId":242928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, Greg M. 0000-0003-1331-1863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-1863","contributorId":223556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Greg M.","affiliations":[{"id":6605,"text":"USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelbert, Anna 0000-0003-4395-398X akelbert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-398X","contributorId":184053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelbert","given":"Anna","email":"akelbert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rigler, E. 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The bNMR logs were used to aid in the evaluation of the aquifer by measuring the porosity, determining the mobile and immobile fractions of water, and estimating the hydraulic conductivity, to evaluate the potential storage and transport properties at the site. The bNMR method measures the transverse (T2) decay in nuclear magnetism in response to radio-frequency pulses. The relaxation decay is related to water content and the size of the pores where the water resides. In addition, the relaxation decay parameters are used to estimate hydraulic conductivity. The results were compared to other borehole logs collected at the site and to regional groundwater investigations in similar rock formations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2021","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/sageep.33-029","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Phillips, S.N., Day-Lewis, F.D., Tiedeman, C.R., Rundell, B., and Gilbert, E., 2021, Nuclear magnetic resonanance logs of fractured bedrock at the Hidden Lane Landfill site, Culpeper Basin, Virginia, in Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems proceedings, p. 63-68, https://doi.org/10.4133/sageep.33-029.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-125623","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Culpeper","otherGeospatial":"Hidden Lane Landfill site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5169563293457,\n 38.783126804001704\n ],\n [\n -77.44245529174805,\n 38.783126804001704\n ],\n [\n -77.44245529174805,\n 38.81630492781235\n ],\n [\n -77.5169563293457,\n 38.81630492781235\n ],\n [\n -77.5169563293457,\n 38.783126804001704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":245365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2021 - Experimental warming differentially affects vegetative and reproductive phenology of tundra plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-13T10:13:24.993767","indexId":"70221874","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-11T09:55:57","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental warming differentially affects vegetative and reproductive phenology of tundra plants","docAbstract":"Rapid climate warming is altering Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystem structure and function, including shifts in plant phenology. While the advancement of green up and flowering are well-documented, it remains unclear whether all phenophases, particularly those later in the season, will shift in unison or respond divergently to warming. Here, we present the largest synthesis to our knowledge of experimental warming effects on tundra plant phenology from the International Tundra Experiment. We examine the effect of warming on a suite of season-wide plant phenophases. Results challenge the expectation that all phenophases will advance in unison to warming. Instead, we find that experimental warming caused: (1) larger phenological shifts in reproductive versus vegetative phenophases and (2) advanced reproductive phenophases and green up but delayed leaf senescence which translated to a lengthening of the growing season by approximately 3%. Patterns were consistent across sites, plant species and over time. The advancement of reproductive seasons and lengthening of growing seasons may have significant consequences for trophic interactions and ecosystem function across the tundra.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-23841-2","usgsCitation":"Collins, C.G., Elmendorf, S.C., Hollister, R.D., Henry, G., Clark, K., Bjorkman, A., Myers-Smith, I.H., Prevey, J.S., Ashton, I., Assmann, J.J., Alatalo, J., Carbognani, M., Chisholm, C., Cooper, E.J., , C., Jonsdottir, I.S., Klanderud, K., Kopp, C., Livensperger, C., Mauritz, M., May, J., Molau, U., Oberbaeur, S.F., Ogburn, E., Panchen, Z., Petraglia, A., Post, E., Rixen, C., Rodenhizer, H., Schuur, T., Semenchuk, P., Smith, J.G., Steltzer, H., Totland, Ø., Walker, M., Welker, J., and Suding, K.N., 2021, Experimental warming differentially affects vegetative and reproductive phenology of tundra plants: Nature Communications, v. 12, 3442, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23841-2.","productDescription":"3442, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124079","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open 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