{"pageNumber":"485","pageRowStart":"12100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":1427,"text":"wsp2288 - 1989 - Ground-water hydrology of the central Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2288","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2288","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the central Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico","docAbstract":"The watersheds of the Purgatoire and Apishapa Rivers contain most of the public coal lands in the Raton Basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, investigated the hydrogeology of this area from 1978 to 1982, inventorying 231 wells, 38 springs, and 6 mines, and collecting ground-water samples from 71 sites. \r\n\r\nThe Raton Basin is an asymmetrical trough, containing 10,000 to 25,000 feet of sedimentary rocks that range in age from Pennsylvanian to Eocene. These rocks are intruded by Miocene igneous rocks, covered with Pleistocene and Holocene alluvium on pediments and in stream valleys, and underlain by Precambrian crystalline rocks. Bituminous coal occurs in the Vermejo and Raton Formations of Cretaceous and Paleocene age. Virtually all of the sedimentary rocks transmit water. \r\n\r\nStream alluvium is the most productive aquifer. Bedrock aquifers have smaller yields but greater distribution. The principal bedrock aquifers are the Cuchara-Poison Canyon and the Raton-Vermejo-Trinidad. Other formations are nearly impermeable or too deep to be utilized economically. The Cuchara-Poison Canyon aquifer provides small, nonsustainable yields to wells. Sandstone and coal layers in the Raton-Vermejo-Trinidad aquifer provide small, sustainable yields, but many of these beds are lenticular and can be missed easily by wells. \r\n\r\nWater in alluvium typically is less mineralized than in bedrock but more susceptible to contamination. Sodium and calcium bicarbonate waters predominate in the area, but sodium chloride water commonly occurs in the Cuchara-Poison Canyon aquifer and may occur in the Pierre Shale. Plumes of sulfate-enriched water extend from coal mines into bedrock and alluvial aquifers. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from less than 500 milligrams per liter in calcium bicarbonate water to more than 1,500 milligrams per liter in sulfate and chloride waters. Much of the ground water is hard. Nitrogen is enriched in shallow ground water, and fluoride is enriched in deeper ground water. Levels of iron, manganese, zinc, and selenium locally exceed standards for domestic consumption.\r\n\r\nThe Purgatoire River and its tributaries are predominantly gaining streams, but losing reaches occur. Water quality in streams is affected by tributary inflows, mine discharge, contact with and seepage from tailings, groundwater seepage, diversion ditches, and changes in stage. Ground water flows regionally from west to east and locally from stream divides to valleys. Depths to water vary from 500 feet beneath divides to less than 100 feet in valleys. Springs typically develop where valleys intersect the water table, at or below the contact between the Poison Canyon and Raton Formations, and in stream channels that are crossed by dikes or sills or underlain by shallow bedrock. Most of the water in regional circulation discharges into surface drainages before reaching the east side of the basin. Groundwater supplies probably are insufficient for expanded settlement and coal mining.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2288","usgsCitation":"Geldon, A.L., 1989, Ground-water hydrology of the central Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2288, vii, 81 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2288.","productDescription":"vii, 81 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2288/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26531,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2288/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geldon, Arthur L.","contributorId":16395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geldon","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13703,"text":"ofr88347 - 1989 - Indexes of hydrologic data from selected coal-mining areas in northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:57","indexId":"ofr88347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-347","title":"Indexes of hydrologic data from selected coal-mining areas in northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Currently (1988), data from hydrologic studies related to coal mining that have been done in northwestern Colorado since the early 1970 's are stored in the files of private companies and government offices and in various computer systems. To compile these data for additional research, a trip to each office would have to be made to determine the availability and acceptability of the data. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Division, has created a database (COALDATA) that includes stream discharge, groundwater levels, and chemical analysis of water samples that were collected by private companies and government agencies other than the U.S. Geological Survey in and near selected coal mines in northwestern Colorado. Indexes in this report list 93 surface water sites and 95 groundwater sites where hydrologic data are available in the COALDATA data base. The indexes also list 62 surface water sites and 480 groundwater sites in the U.S. Geological Survey data base, which is separate from the COALDATA data base and contains only data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. The combined output of the COALDATA data base and the U.S. Geological Survey data base provides surface water and groundwater data that include most of the study area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88347","usgsCitation":"Gaggiani, N., 1989, Indexes of hydrologic data from selected coal-mining areas in northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-347, iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88347.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0347/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42266,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0347/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42267,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0347/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42268,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0347/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42269,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0347/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e630e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaggiani, N. G.","contributorId":95890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaggiani","given":"N. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20471,"text":"ofr8974 - 1989 - Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated zone study near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho; 1985-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr8974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-74","title":"Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated zone study near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho; 1985-86","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8974","usgsCitation":"Pittman, J.R., 1989, Hydrological and meteorological data for an unsaturated zone study near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho; 1985-86: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-74, v, 175 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8974.","productDescription":"v, 175 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0074/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50009,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, John R.","contributorId":31756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2611,"text":"wsp2302 - 1989 - Alluvial and bedrock aquifers of the Denver Basin — Eastern Colorado's dual ground-water resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T19:56:55.233074","indexId":"wsp2302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2302","title":"Alluvial and bedrock aquifers of the Denver Basin — Eastern Colorado's dual ground-water resource","docAbstract":"Large volumes of ground water are contained in alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the semiarid Denver basin of eastern Colorado. The bedrock aquifer, for example, contains 1.2 times as much water as Lake Erie of the Great Lakes, yet it supplies only about 9 percent of the ground water used in the basin. Although this seems to indicate underutilization of this valuable water supply, this is not necessarily the case, for many factors other than the volume of water in the aquifer affect the use of the aquifer. Such factors as climatic conditions, precipitation runoff, geology and water-yielding character of the aquifers, water-level conditions, volume of recharge and discharge, legal and economic constraints, and water-quality conditions can ultimately affect the decision to use ground water. Knowledge of the function and interaction of the various parts of this hydrologic system is important to the proper management and use of the ground-water resources of the region. \r\n\r\nThe semiarid climatic conditions on the Colorado plains produce flash floods of short duration and large peak-flow rates. However, snowmelt runoff from the Rocky Mountains produces the largest volumes of water and is typically of longer duration with smaller peak-flow rates. The alluvial aquifer is recharged easily from both types of runoff and readily stores and transmits the water because it consists of relatively thin deposits of gravel, sand, and clay located in the valleys of principal streams. The bedrock aquifer is recharged less easily because of its greater thickness (as much as 3,000 feet) and prevalent layers of shale which retard the downward movement of water in the formations. \r\n\r\nAlthough the bedrock aquifer contains more than 50 times as much water in storage as the alluvial aquifer, it does not store and transmit water as readily as the alluvial aquifer. For example, about 91 percent of the water pumped from wells is obtained from the alluvial aquifer, yet water-level declines generally have not exceeded 40 feet. By contrast, only 9 percent of the water pumped from wells is obtained from the bedrock aquifer, yet water-level declines in this aquifer have exceeded 500 feet in some areas. \r\n\r\nDepth to water in the alluvial aquifer generally is less than 40 feet, while depth to water in the bedrock aquifer may exceed 1,000 feet in some areas. Cost of pumping water to the surface and cost of maintaining existing supplies in areas of rapidly declining water levels in the bedrock aquifer affect water use. Water use is also affected by the generally poorer quality water found in the alluvial aquifer and, to a lesser extent, by the greater susceptibility of the alluvial aquifer to pollution from surface sources. \r\n\r\nBecause of these factors, the alluvial aquifer is used primarily as a source of irrigation supply, which is the largest water use in the area. The bedrock aquifer is used primarily as a source of domestic or municipal supply, which is the smaller of the two principal uses, even though the bedrock aquifer contains 50 times more stored ground water than the alluvial aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2302","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., 1989, Alluvial and bedrock aquifers of the Denver Basin — Eastern Colorado's dual ground-water resource: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2302, x, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2302.","productDescription":"x, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394685,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25269.htm"},{"id":28898,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2302/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2302/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.2870,\n              38.678\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.7,\n              38.678\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.7,\n              40.4360\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2870,\n              40.4360\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2870,\n              38.678\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68763b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, Stanley G.","contributorId":73187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20750,"text":"ofr88470 - 1989 - Hydrologic data for Indian Creek basin, Fayette and Westmoreland counties, Pennsylvania, 1985-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T15:04:01","indexId":"ofr88470","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-470","title":"Hydrologic data for Indian Creek basin, Fayette and Westmoreland counties, Pennsylvania, 1985-87","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were collected in the Indian Creek basin, Fayette and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania. Since the early 1900's, coal in the basin has been extensively mined by both underground and surface-mining techniques. Data-collection sites were located in mined and unmined areas of the basin. The hydrologic data presented are from 5 continuous-record surfacewater data-collection sites, 1 ground-water well, 23 partial-record surfacewater sites, and 2 continuous-record precipitation gages. Data from the five continuous-record surface-water sites include discharge, specific conductance, temperature, pH, and suspended-sediment concentration. Results of laboratory analyses are reported. Benthic macroinvertebrates collected at 23 sites are listed. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88470","usgsCitation":"Sams, J.I., and Witt, E., 1989, Hydrologic data for Indian Creek basin, Fayette and Westmoreland counties, Pennsylvania, 1985-87: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-470, vi, 124 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88470.","productDescription":"vi, 124 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0470/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0470/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, J. I. III","contributorId":50548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sams","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witt, E. C. III","contributorId":105746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"E. C.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39648,"text":"pp1403I - 1989 - Geochemistry of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T18:52:27.70877","indexId":"pp1403I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"I","title":"Geochemistry of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","docAbstract":"The chemical quality of the ground water in the Floridan aquifer system is determined primarily by mineral-water interaction. However, some changes in water quality have been imposed by development, particularly near coastal pumping centers. A total of 601 chemical analyses, all from different wells, most completed in the upper part of the aquifer system, were used to describe the variations in water chemistry and to study the processes responsible for observed changes. \r\n\r\nThe Floridan aquifer system is a vertically continuous sequence of Tertiary carbonate rocks that are of generally high permeability and are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The rocks are principally limestone and dolomite, but they grade into limy sands and clays near the aquifer system's updip limits. Major minerals in the aquifer system are calcite, dolomite, and, locally, gypsum or quartz; minor minerals include apatite, glauconite, and clay minerals such as kaolinite and montmorillonite. Trace amounts of metallic oxides or sulfides are present in some areas. \r\n\r\nThe aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, separated in most places by a less permeable confining unit that has highly variable hydraulic properties. Only the Upper Floridan aquifer is present throughout the study area. Freshwater enters the aquifer system in outcrop areas located primarily in central Georgia and north-central Florida. Discharge occurs chiefly to streams and springs and, to a lesser extent, directly into the sea. Most of the flow into and out of the system takes place where it is unconfined or where the upper confining unit is thin. Secondary permeability developed by dissolution of aquifer material is most prominent in these areas of dynamic flow. \r\n\r\nDissolved-solids concentrations in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer generally range from less than 25 milligrams per liter near outcrops to more than 25,000 milligrams per liter along the coasts. The dominant cations in the ground water are Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+; the dominant anions are HCO3-, Cl-, and SO42-, The concentration of Ca2+ is controlled primarily by calcite saturation. Concentrations of Mg2+, NA+, and Cl- are highest where mixing of freshwater and saltwater occurs. Concentrations of HCO3- reflect the control of calcite solubility. The concentration of SO42- is highest where gypsiferous rock units are present in the aquifer system. \r\n\r\nThe major geochemical processes that occur in the Upper Floridan aquifer, based on water-quality maps and computations using a geochemical model, are (1) dissolution of aquifer minerals toward equilibrium, (2) mixing of ground water with recharge, leakage, or seawater, (3) sulfate reduction, and (4) cation exchange between water and aquifer minerals. \r\n\r\nSimilar processes apparently control minor dissolved constituents, although quantification is difficult with the available data. Statistical tests of available nutrient data indicate that concentrations of N (nitrogen) species in unconfined recharge areas may be increasing over time; more detailed studies of all N species are needed to test this hypothesis, however. Data on trace metals, radionuclides, and man-made organic contaminants are limited. Available data indicate that most freshwater within the Upper Floridan is potable, but detection of pesticides in a few samples indicates that the system is susceptible to contamination from the land surface in some areas, particularly where its upper confining unit is thin or absent. \r\n\r\nGeochemical models were used to examine changes in major chemical elements along selected ground-water paths within the Upper Floridan aquifer. Water in the Upper Floridan aquifer can be categorized into four hydrochemical facies, whose exact distribution is determined by confined or unconfined conditions of the aquifer and by chloride concentrations. The reaction models are considered plausible based on available chemical, isotopic, and hydrologic information, and they","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1403I","usgsCitation":"Geochemistry of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama; 1989; PP; 1403-I; Sprinkle, Craig L.","productDescription":"Report: 105 p.; 9 Plates: 21.00 x 26.30 inches or smaller; Database","numberOfPages":"105","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":67334,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67325,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67326,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67330,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"1.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67331,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67332,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-8.pdf","text":"Plate 8","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67333,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-9.pdf","text":"Plate 9","size":"1.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67328,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"1.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67327,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"1.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104625,"rank":12,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4840.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4840"},{"id":484733,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4840.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":67329,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"1.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.97973632812499,\n              24.577099744289427\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              24.457150524185852\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.090087890625,\n              24.686952411999155\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43090820312499,\n              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        -87.6708984375,\n              30.221101852485987\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.759033203125,\n              30.38709188778112\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3690185546875,\n              30.349176094149833\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.858154296875,\n              30.183121842195515\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.440673828125,\n              29.907329376851553\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.4132080078125,\n              29.654642479663647\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.067138671875,\n              29.568679425235135\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3255615234375,\n              29.88351825335318\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.26513671875,\n              30.0405664305846\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.05639648437499,\n              30.083354648756128\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.660888671875,\n              29.888280933159265\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0950927734375,\n              29.176145182559758\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8369140625,\n              29.142566155107065\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.705078125,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8204345703125,\n              28.188243641850313\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.880859375,\n              27.873072565422785\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.298583984375,\n              26.77013508224145\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              26.426308999847024\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.947021484375,\n              26.436146919246013\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.749267578125,\n              25.859223554761382\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4251708984375,\n             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Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1989-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprinkle, Craig L.","contributorId":41802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprinkle","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25588,"text":"wri894033 - 1989 - Hydrologic and geochemical monitoring in Long Valley caldera, Mono County, California, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri894033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4033","title":"Hydrologic and geochemical monitoring in Long Valley caldera, Mono County, California, 1986","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey continued to monitor hydrologic and geochemical conditions in the Long Valley caldera during 1986. The monitoring is directed toward detecting changes in the hydrologic system caused by tectonic or magmatic processes. Data collected during 1986 include chemical and isotopic composition of water from selected streams sites, springs, and wells; pumpage from four geothermal wells; flow rates of selected springs and stream sites; mean daily water or gas temperatures at selected sites; mean daily atmospheric pressures and water level at selected wells, and precipitation records for two sites. Seismicity within the caldera persisted at a relatively low level compared with the more active periods of 1978-84. The most significant events of seismicity that affected hydrologic monitoring sites in Long Valley during 1986 occurred during July , in response to the Chalfant Valley earthquakes, centered about 20 miles southeast of the caldera. Water level records for three wells show distinct responses to the Chalfant Valley earthquakes. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894033","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., Sorey, M., Rojstaczer, S., Steinemann, A., and Clark, M.D., 1989, Hydrologic and geochemical monitoring in Long Valley caldera, Mono County, California, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4033, vi, 69 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894033.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54330,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rojstaczer, S.A.","contributorId":54620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojstaczer","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steinemann, A.C.","contributorId":71214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinemann","given":"A.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, M. D.","contributorId":25202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":25599,"text":"wri894035 - 1989 - Hydrologic environments and water-quality characteristics at four landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1980-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:47:21","indexId":"wri894035","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4035","title":"Hydrologic environments and water-quality characteristics at four landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1980-86","docAbstract":"A water-quality study was conducted during 1980-86 at four landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Each landfill has a three-layered hydrogeologic system typical of the Piedmont, consisting of (1) the regolith; (2) a transition zone; and (3) unweathered, fractured crystalline bedrock. As much as 7.6 inches per year of rainfall enters the ground-water system and has the potential to generate leachate within landfill cells. Ground water and leachate discharge to tributaries within the landfill sites or to streams adjacent to them.\r\n\r\nWater-quality samples were collected from 53 monitoring wells and 20 surface-water sites. Samples were analyzed for selected physical and biological characteristics, major inorganic ions, nutrients, trace elements, and organic compounds. Selected indicators of water quality, including specific conductance; hardness; and concentrations of chloride, manganese, dissolved solids, total organic carbon, and specific organic compounds were analyzed to determine the effects of each landfill on ground- and surface-water quality.\r\n\r\nIncreases in concentrations of inorganic constituents above background levels were detected in ground water downgradient of the landfills. The increases were generally greatest in samples from wells in close proximity to the older landfill cells. In general, the increases in concentrations in downgradient wells were greater for calcium, magnesium, and chloride than for other major ions. Manganese exhibited the largest relative increase in concentration between upgradient and downgradient wells of any constituent, and manganese concentration data were effective in defining areas with extensive anaerobic biological activity.\r\n\r\nDifferences between upgradient and downgradient concentrations of total organic carbon and specific organic compounds generally were not as apparent. The most frequently identified organic contaminants were the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. Chlorofluoromethanes were identified in three of four ground-water samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds.\r\n\r\nLandfills affected the water quality of several smaller streams but did not noticeably affect larger ones. Apparent effects on water quality were greatest at the oldest landfill, located on Statesville Road, where waste is in cells that are partly below the water table.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894035","usgsCitation":"Cardinell, A., Barnes, C., Eddins, W., and Coble, R.W., 1989, Hydrologic environments and water-quality characteristics at four landfills in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1980-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4035, vi, 79 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894035.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54343,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-81.9447,35.9585],[-81.9383,35.9523],[-81.9329,35.9442],[-81.9274,35.9293],[-81.9256,35.9253],[-81.9169,35.9154],[-81.9133,35.9078],[-81.9137,35.9014],[-81.9099,35.8856],[-81.9109,35.8806],[-81.919,35.8641],[-81.9215,35.8527],[-81.9309,35.8403],[-81.942,35.8342],[-81.957,35.8204],[-81.9785,35.8187],[-81.9907,35.8076],[-81.9335,35.7663],[-81.8971,35.7406],[-81.8695,35.7215],[-81.8248,35.581],[-81.8326,35.5782],[-81.8425,35.5667],[-81.8477,35.548],[-81.8481,35.5389],[-81.9016,35.5349],[-81.9726,35.5265],[-81.9783,35.5268],[-81.9876,35.5357],[-81.9993,35.5519],[-82.0039,35.5536],[-82.0089,35.5522],[-82.0228,35.5415],[-82.034,35.5372],[-82.0973,35.5361],[-82.1563,35.5255],[-82.1706,35.5316],[-82.2206,35.5575],[-82.2421,35.5607],[-82.2519,35.5637],[-82.2674,35.5747],[-82.2918,35.5938],[-82.2913,35.5979],[-82.2865,35.6048],[-82.2815,35.6108],[-82.2765,35.6132],[-82.2686,35.6151],[-82.2653,35.6165],[-82.2654,35.6188],[-82.2747,35.6282],[-82.2732,35.635],[-82.2837,35.6439],[-82.2881,35.661],[-82.2828,35.672],[-82.2846,35.6765],[-82.2934,35.685],[-82.2936,35.6909],[-82.2865,35.7006],[-82.2765,35.7066],[-82.2622,35.7015],[-82.2354,35.7165],[-82.2163,35.7219],[-82.1925,35.74],[-82.1878,35.7542],[-82.1749,35.7607],[-82.1579,35.7792],[-82.1574,35.782],[-82.1649,35.7873],[-82.165,35.7913],[-82.1574,35.8024],[-82.149,35.8071],[-82.1452,35.8148],[-82.1331,35.8251],[-82.1206,35.8271],[-82.1191,35.8335],[-82.1084,35.8368],[-82.1007,35.8442],[-82.0996,35.8483],[-82.0992,35.852],[-82.0958,35.8525],[-82.085,35.8509],[-82.0708,35.852],[-82.0607,35.8549],[-82.0488,35.8565],[-82.0331,35.8645],[-82.0289,35.8786],[-82.0245,35.8841],[-82.0195,35.886],[-82.0115,35.8853],[-82.0023,35.8818],[-81.9988,35.8778],[-81.9892,35.8779],[-81.9864,35.8798],[-81.9882,35.8843],[-81.9792,35.8885],[-81.9815,35.9103],[-81.9704,35.92],[-81.9643,35.9269],[-81.9582,35.9306],[-81.9657,35.9369],[-81.9642,35.9432],[-81.9447,35.9585]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"McDowell\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardinell, A.P.","contributorId":59033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardinell","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, C.R.","contributorId":85625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eddins, W.H.","contributorId":47796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddins","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coble, R. W.","contributorId":49380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25607,"text":"wri884235 - 1989 - Hydrology of the Goat Lake watershed, Snohomish County, Washington, 1982-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri884235","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4235","title":"Hydrology of the Goat Lake watershed, Snohomish County, Washington, 1982-87","docAbstract":"The Goat Lake watershed in Snohomish County, Washington, functions as an '  experimental watershed ' for long-term studies to determine the effects of acidic precipitation on water resources. Data have been collected there by the U.S. Geological Survey since 1982. The watershed is in a wilderness area of the Cascade Range and is downwind of an industrial and urban area that produces chemical compounds found in acidic precipitation.  The lake is considered sensitive to acidic inputs from atmospheric deposition and streamflow. The mean annual discharge of the Goat Lake outflow is 35 cu ft/sec; precipitation on the watershed is calculated to be about 170 in/yr. The inflow to Goat Lake is sufficient to replace the entire contents of the lake basin on an average every 21.5 days, or 17 times/year. Water in Goat Lake, and that of the inlet and outlet, is of low ionic strength and of calcium-bicarbonate type. The lake, although considered oligotrophic, is sufficiently deep to stratify thermally, and summer dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the hypolimnion are depressed. Even though alkalinity and specific conductance at Goat Lake are in the range considered sensitive to acidic inputs , the pH of water in the lake has consistently ranged from 6.1 to 7.2, indicating that the lake is not acidified at this time. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884235","usgsCitation":"Dion, N.P., Ebbert, J., Poole, J., and Peck, B., 1989, Hydrology of the Goat Lake watershed, Snohomish County, Washington, 1982-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4235, iv, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884235.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4235/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acbe4b07f02db67e3a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, J.E.","contributorId":70764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peck, B.S.","contributorId":46128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25624,"text":"wri884072 - 1989 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:56:58.219486","indexId":"wri884072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4072","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Low-flow characteristics of selected streams in West Virginia were determined at continuous-record and partial-record sites. Daily discharges at 100 continuous-record gaging stations on unregulated streams were used to compute selected low-flow frequency values. Estimates of low-flow frequency values at 296 partial-record sites (ones having only discharge measurements) were made using the relation defined by concurrent flows with a continuous-record station. Low-flow characteristics at continuous-record stations were related to drainage area and a variability index to produce equations which can be used to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites in West Virginia. The State was divided into two hydrologic regions. Drainage area and a streamflow-variability index were determined to be the most significant. The streamflow variability index was computed from duration curves and was used to account for the integrated effects of geology and other hydrologic characteristics. The standard error of estimate for the 7-day low flow with a 2-year recurrence interval is 43% for Region 1 and 57% for Region 2. The standard error of estimate for the 7-day low flow with a 10-year recurrence interval is 82% for Region 1 and 83% for Region 2.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884072","usgsCitation":"Friel, E., Embree, W., Jack, A.R., and Atkins, J.T., 1989, Low-flow characteristics of streams in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4072, Report: iv, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 18.32 × 16.40 inches and 18.38 × 16.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884072.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 18.32 × 16.40 inches and 18.38 × 16.57 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394616,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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R.","contributorId":48597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jack","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atkins, J. T. Jr.","contributorId":29474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25811,"text":"wri884220 - 1989 - US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-23T11:33:13","indexId":"wri884220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4220","title":"US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988","docAbstract":"<p>Crude oil floating at the surface of a shallow aquifer of glacial outwash, near Bemidji, Minnesota, is altered by geochemical processes. Hydrocarbons from the oil are attenuated by several reactions that include aerobic and anaerobic microbial degradation. These degradation reactions result in the development of geochemical facies in the shallow groundwater system. Groundwater most affected by the presence of organic compounds is anoxic, and concentrations of methane, dissolved organic carbon, and total inorganic are high--0.76 millimole/L, 2.9 millimole/L, and 12.3 millimole/L, respectively. The concentrations of chemical species and delta-(13)C isotope values indicate that the plume near the oil lens has become progressively more reducing. Over a 4-year period (1984 through 1987), the concentrations of methane and iron have increased by a factor of &gt; 25. The data suggest that sequential degradation occurs, as predicted by thermo-dynamics: manganese is reduced before iron is reduced, which occurs before methanogenesis. These data provide field evidence that reduction of iron and manganese is an important mechanism of decomposition of organic matter in aquifers. The delta-(13)C values of inorganic carbon of the native groundwater range from -12 ppt to -15 ppt as a result of mixing of soil CO2 with CO2 from the dissolution of carbonates. Non methanogenic biodegradation of oil constituents adds isotopically light CO2 to the groundwater because the oil has a delta-(13)C value of 28 ppt. The delta-(13)C value of inorganic carbon in the reducing zone have become progressively heavier from 1985 through 1987. The maximum change occurs 15 m downgradient from the oil lens, where the delta-(13)C values increased from -21.6 ppt to -5.35 ppt. This change indicates that the plume has become more reducing and methanogenic over time.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884220","usgsCitation":"1989, US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, xii, 651 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884220.","productDescription":"xii, 651 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54562,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a10","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mallard, Gail E.","contributorId":46556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallard","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736273,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ragone, Stephen E.","contributorId":74374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragone","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736274,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25875,"text":"wri884028 - 1989 - Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:07:12.651795","indexId":"wri884028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4028","title":"Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system","docAbstract":"<p>Data describing the aquifer framework and steady-state regional flow were assembled for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer north of Vicksburg, Mississippi. The aquifer is part of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system. The 60 to 140 ft thick alluvial aquifer grades from gravel at the bottom to fine sand near the top. It is overlain by the Mississippi River Valley confining unit, which consists of 10 to 50 ft of silts, clays, and fine-grained sands. Underlying units consist of alternating sands and clays corresponding to regional hydrogeologic units of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system. The three-layer finite difference model was used to simulate two-dimensional confined or unconfined steady-state flow for predevelopment and 1972. Preliminary analysis of predevelopment flow indicates that recharge to the alluvial aquifer was from underlying aquifers and the confining unit. Rivers accounted for almost all discharge. Pumpage from the alluvial aquifer for irrigation substantially changed regional flow direction toward depressions in the potentiometric surface. Recharge from rivers and the confining unit increased and recharge from underlying aquifers decreased. Discharge to underlying aquifers increased and discharge to rivers decreased. Recharge from the confining unit reached a maximum of 1.3 inch/year for large parts of the aquifer. Nearly all drawdown exceeding 20 ft was at two locations in Arkansas--the Grande Prairie region, and west of Crowleys Ridge. Model results indicate the importance of leakage from rivers and the confining unite to providing recharge to sustain large amounts of pumpage from the alluvial aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884028","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., 1989, Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4028, vi, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884028.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54629,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394609,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46953.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              37.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -92,\n              37.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -92,\n              32\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, D. J.","contributorId":53380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25960,"text":"wri884222 - 1989 - Evaluation of a watershed model to simulate sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:36:58","indexId":"wri884222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4222","title":"Evaluation of a watershed model to simulate sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The streamflow and sediment components of the watershed model, ' Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran ', were evaluated using 2 years and 9 months of data from a 2.7-sq mi agricultural watershed in Indiana. Hydrographs of simulated sediment concentration generally have smaller peaks and longer recessions than do hydrographs of measured data. The attenuation of simulated peaks was partly caused by difficulties in designing a representative channel system. Simulated surface runoff during low-intensity rainfall was greater than measured surface runoff; this caused an overestimation of sediment concentration and discharge. Rainfalls of low intensity were mostly absorbed by the soil, but the model predicted that the amount of surface runoff from such storms would be large. The overly large volume of simulated surface runoff transported more sediment than actually occurred. The mean absolute error of mean sediment concentrations during storms is 45% of the measured average concentration. The error resulted from a combination of error in recording streamflow and rainfall, in simulating streamflows, and in simulating sedimentation processes. The largest percent errors are associated with simulated maximum streamflows and average sediment discharges. The root-mean-square errors are 93 and 102% of the measured maximum streamflow and average sediment discharges. 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D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26053,"text":"wri884033 - 1989 - Hydrologic effects of pumpage from the Denver basin bedrock aquifers of northern El Paso County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri884033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4033","title":"Hydrologic effects of pumpage from the Denver basin bedrock aquifers of northern El Paso County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Denver groundwater basin underlies a 6,700 sq-mi area in eastern Colorado. To assess current conditions of the four bedrock aquifers in the basin, water levels, streamflow gain and loss, and other data were collected. Current aquifer conditions in the southern part of the basin and likely response to various 100-year pumping scenarios were analyzed using a digital finite-difference model. Simulated predevelopment flow through the bedrock aquifers was about 59 cu ft/sec. Water level changes between 1978 and 1985, likely caused by variations in precipitation and in pumping and by lowering of the water table in the overlying Black Squirrel Creek alluvial aquifer, ranged from rises of more than 40 ft to declines of as much as 80 ft. In 1985, pumping from the bedrock aquifers was about 56 cu ft/sec. Simulations indicate that 43% of the pumpage came from a decrease in volume of groundwater in storage; 37% came from induced recharge and captured discharge. The remaining 20% came from a transient high rate of recharge from precipitation. A baseline 100-yr simulation, beginning in 1985, indicated minimal drawdowns for constant pumping at 1985 rates in the southern part of the basin. Other simulations indicated that the pumpage required to supply the needs of the projected population would be accompanied by drawdowns of as much as 1,300 ft and by large decreases in amount of groundwater in storage. Pumpage from a hypothetical well field, located where the aquifers are thickest , and from the aquifers underlying Colorado Springs also was simulated. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884033","usgsCitation":"Banta, E.R., 1989, Hydrologic effects of pumpage from the Denver basin bedrock aquifers of northern El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4033, vi, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884033.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54829,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4033/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54830,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4033/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54831,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4033/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54832,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4033/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54833,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4033/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54834,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606e8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, E. R.","contributorId":63038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26204,"text":"wri884225 - 1989 - Water resources of Sedgwick County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri884225","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4225","title":"Water resources of Sedgwick County, Kansas","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data from streams, impoundments, and wells are interpreted to: (1) document water resources characteristics; (2) describe causes and extent of changes in water resources characteristics; and (3) evaluate water resources as sources of supply. During 1985, about 134,200 acre-ft of water (84% groundwater) were used for public (42%), irrigation, (40%), industrial (14%), and domestic (4%) supplies. Streamflow and groundwater levels are related directly to precipitation, and major rivers are sustained by groundwater inflow. Significant groundwater level declines have occurred only in the Wichita well field. The Arkansas and Ninnescah Rivers have sodium chloride type water; the Little Arkansas River, calcium bicarbonate type water. Water quality characteristics of water in small streams and wells depend primarily on local geology. The Wellington Formation commonly yields calcium sulfate type water; Ninnescah Shale and unconsolidated deposits generally yield calcium bicarbonate type water. Sodium chloride and calcium sulfate type water in the area often have dissolved-solids concentrations exceeding 1,000 mg/L. Water contamination by treated sewage effluent was detected inparts of the Arkansas River, Little Arkansas River, and Cowskin Creek. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen contamination was detected in 11 of 101 wells; oilfield brine was detected in the Wichita-Valley Center Floodway, Prairie Creek, Whitewater Creek, and 16 of 101 wells; and agricultural pesticides were detected in 8 of 14 impoundments and 5 of 19 wells. Generally, the water is acceptable for most uses. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884225","usgsCitation":"Bevans, H., 1989, Water resources of Sedgwick County, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4225, viii, 119 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884225.","productDescription":"viii, 119 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4225/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54997,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4225/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54998,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4225/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54999,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4225/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69964f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bevans, H.E.","contributorId":102892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevans","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26769,"text":"wri884093 - 1989 - Hydrogeology and water quality near a solid- and hazardous-waste landfill, Northwood, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri884093","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4093","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality near a solid- and hazardous-waste landfill, Northwood, Ohio","docAbstract":"Hydrogeology and water quality of ground water and selected streams were evaluated near a landfill in northwestern Ohio. The landfill is used for codisposal of solid and hazardous waste. Water-level and geologic data were collected from 36 wells and 3 surface-water sites during the period November 1983 to November 1985. Water-quality samples were collected from 18 wells and 3 surface-water sites this during this same period.\r\n\r\nThe primary aquifers in the area are the Greenfield Dolomite and underlying Lockport Dolomite of Silurian age. These bedrock carbonates are overlain by two clay tills of Wisconsin age. The tills are capped by a glacial lake clay. The tills generally are saturated, but do not yield sufficient water to be considered an aquifer. Two wells in the study area yield water, in part, from discontinuous deposits of outwash sand and gravel at the lower till-bedrock interface.\r\n\r\nRegional ground-water flow is from southwest to northeast; local flow is influenced by a ground-water mound centered under the northernmost cells of the landfill. Water levels in wells penetrating refuse within the landfill and the presence of leachate seeps indicate that the refuse is saturated. Head relations among the landfill, till, and dolomite aquifer indicate a vertical component of flow downward from the landfill to the dolomite aquifer. Water levels near the landfill fluctuate as much as 14 feet per year, in contrast to fluctuations of less than 3 feet per year in wells upgradient landfill.\r\n\r\nGround waters from wells completed in the dolomite aquifer and glacial till were found to have major-iron concentrations controlled, in large part, by reaction with calcite, dolomite, and other minerals in the aquifer. Only minor departures from equilibrium mineral saturation were noted for ground water, except in wells affected by cement/grout contamination. Molal ratios of calcuim:magnesium in ground water suggest a similar chemical evolution of waters throughout the dolomite aquifer in the study area. Stable-isotope ratios of oxygen and hydrogen indicate the source of water in the till unit and dolomite aquifer is atmospheric precipitation.\r\n\r\nElevated levels of total dissolved solids, boron, ammonia, and iron in the leachate and in wells downgradient of the landfill may indicate mixing of ground water with leachate. Oxygen and hydrogen stable-isotope ratios were used to differentiate waters from the glacial till and dolomite aquifer. Isotope ratios also show a shift off the local mixing line for leachate and for a well just downgradient from the landfill. The shift to heavier values of o D in the well water may be indicative of leachate mixing with ground water.\r\n\r\nThe effect of this mixing denoted by hydrologic, isotopic, and chemical-quality data is limited mostly to elevated levels of the common ions. Analysis did not indicate significant levels of toxic metals or organic contaminants except phenol, which was present at concentrations of from 1 to 5 micrograms per liter in six wells. Analysis of water-quality data from nearby streams suggest that surface leaching from the landfill does not significantly affect stream-water quality, but may contribute to higher level of trace metals in the streambed sediments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884093","usgsCitation":"De Roche, J., and Breen, K.J., 1989, Hydrogeology and water quality near a solid- and hazardous-waste landfill, Northwood, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4093, v, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884093.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Roche, J.T.","contributorId":66691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Roche","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breen, K. J.","contributorId":44176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26898,"text":"wri894100 - 1989 - Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T08:14:13","indexId":"wri894100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4100","title":"Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected at the Julietta and Tibbs-Banta landfills in Marion County. Both landfills were closed in the mid-1970's, and sewage sludge mixed with dirt was spread on the landfills in the mid-1980's as part of a revegetation project.</p>\n<p>The landfills were constructed in unconsolidated glacial sediments that consist of sand, gravel, silt, and clay. The maximum thickness of the sediments is 180 feet at Julietta and 100 feet at Tibbs-Banta. Both landfills are underlain by sand and gravel aquifers and are adjacent to gaining streams. Ground water flows toward and into the streams at each study area. Two sand and gravel aquifers were mapped at Julietta and four were mapped at TibbsBanta. The aquifers are separated in places by discontinuous clay layers.</p>\n<p>Ground-water-flow models, calibrated to simulate steady-state low-flow conditions, indicate that about 19,000 gallons of water per day move through the refuse at Julietta and 42,000 gallons per day move through the refuse at Tibbs-Banta. The Julietta model also indicates that recharge through the surface of the landfill is less than in the surrounding natural areas, probably because of the addition and compaction of the sludge/soil mixture.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of dissolved inorganic substances in ground-water samples indicate that leachate from both landfills is reaching the shallow aquifers. The effect on deeper aquifers is small because of the predominance of horizontal ground-water flow and discharge to the streams. Increases in almost all dissolved constituents were observed in shallow wells that are screened beneath and downgradient from the landfills. Several analyses, especially those for bromide, dissolved solids, and ammonia, were useful in delineating the plume of leachate at both landfills.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri894100","collaboration":"City of Indianapolis, Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R., and Greeman, T., 1989, Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4100, viii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894100.","productDescription":"viii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"143","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, R.F.","contributorId":28250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeman, T. K.","contributorId":58275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeman","given":"T. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27008,"text":"wri884030 - 1989 - Water resources of Soledad, Poway, and Moosa basins, San Diego County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T21:36:52.086707","indexId":"wri884030","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4030","title":"Water resources of Soledad, Poway, and Moosa basins, San Diego County, California","docAbstract":"<p>Reclaimed water is being considered as as supplemental water supply in the Soledad, Poway, and Moosa basins, San Diego County. This report describes the geology, soils, hydrology, and cultural factors in each of the basins as they relate to use of reclaimed water. Imported water is currently the major water-supply source in the basins. Groundwater supplies are used to a limited extent for both agricultural and domestic needs. Surface water flows are intermittent and, therefore, have not been developed for use in the basins. All three of the basins have the potential for use of reclaimed water, but only the Moosa basin is currently implementing a plan for such use. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in both ground and surface water commonly exceed local basin objectives. As of 1985, plans for use of reclaimed water are oriented toward improving the quality of the groundwater.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884030","usgsCitation":"Evenson, K.D., 1989, Water resources of Soledad, Poway, and Moosa basins, San Diego County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4030, vii, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884030.","productDescription":"vii, 87 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408837,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49220.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4030/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Soledad, Poway, and Mousa basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.2667,\n              33.2667\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2667,\n              32.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.9583,\n              32.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.9583,\n              33.2667\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2667,\n              33.2667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69962e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evenson, K. D.","contributorId":85978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27270,"text":"wri874195 - 1989 - Hydrogeology of the Leadville limestone and other paleozoic rocks in northwestern Colorado, with results of aquifer tests at Glenwood Springs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri874195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4195","title":"Hydrogeology of the Leadville limestone and other paleozoic rocks in northwestern Colorado, with results of aquifer tests at Glenwood Springs","docAbstract":"Paleozoic rocks in northwestern Colorado were investigated during the U.S. Geological Survey 's Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Paleozoic rocks in the study area are grouped into 11 hydrostratigraphic units on the basis of lithologic and hydrologic properties. Devonian and Mississippian carbonate rocks and Pennsylvanian and Permian sandstone are regional aquifers, with natural discharges commonly ranging from 50 to 1,000 gal/min. Other hydrostratigraphic units in the area are either local aquifers or confining layers, with discharges rarely exceeding 50 gal/min. Aquifer tests at Glenwood Springs indicate that the Devonian and Mississippian carbonate rocks unit locally has a transmissivity of 47,000 sq ft/day, a storage coefficient of 0.0005, and a hydraulic conductivity of more than 100 ft/day. Hydraulic conductivities in most hydrostratigraphic units decrease with distance away from structural uplifts. Water in the Devonian and Mississippian carbonate rocks unit flows from structural uplifts to structural and fluvial basins. This hydrostratigraphic unit supplies water to streams that drain the White River Plateau, hot springs at Glenwood Springs, and artesian wells in the Burns basin. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874195","usgsCitation":"Geldon, A.L., 1989, Hydrogeology of the Leadville limestone and other paleozoic rocks in northwestern Colorado, with results of aquifer tests at Glenwood Springs: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4195, vi, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874195.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56149,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6150ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geldon, Arthur L.","contributorId":16395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geldon","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27308,"text":"wri884232 - 1989 - Ground-water flow and quality near the Upper Great Lakes connecting channels, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T19:49:11.566193","indexId":"wri884232","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4232","title":"Ground-water flow and quality near the Upper Great Lakes connecting channels, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The Upper Great Lakes connecting channels are the St. Marys, St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, and Lake St. Clair. The effect of ground water on the connecting channels is largely unknown, and the controls on its movement and quality are undefined. Geologic, hydrologic, and environmental conditions near the channels have been examined.for this investigation. Included in the study area is a 50-mile reach of channel beginning at Whitefish Bay and extending to Neebish Island, and a 90-mile reach of channel between Port Huron and Pointe Mouillee in Lake Erie. </p><p>Glacial deposits, which transmit most ground water to the channels, range from less than 100 feet in thickness in the southern part of the St. Clair-Detroit River area to more than 250 feet in thickness in the northern part. Marine seismic surveys were used at some locations to determine the thickness of deposits. Glacial deposits in the St. Marys River area range from less than 10 feet to more than 300 feet in thickness. Permeable bedrock in the southern reach of the Detroit River area and throughout most of the St. Marys River area may contribute substantial amounts of water to the channels. Total ground-water discharge to the channels, by area, is estimated as follows! St. Marys area, 76 cubic feet per second; St. Clair area, 11 cubic feet per second; Lake St. Clair area, 46 cubic feet per second; and Detroit area, 54 cubic feet per second. </p><p>Analyses of water from 31 wells, 25 of which were installed by the U.S. Geological Survey, were made for organic compounds, trace metals, and other substances. Volatile hydrocarbons, and base neutral, acid extractable, and chlorinated neutral compounds were not detectable in water at most locations. Concentrations of trace metals, however, were higher than common in natural waters at some locations. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri884232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Gillespie, J., and Dumouchelle, D., 1989, Ground-water flow and quality near the Upper Great Lakes connecting channels, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4232, Report: vii, 82 p.; 5 Plates: 20.96 x 17.54 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884232.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 82 p.; 5 Plates: 20.96 x 17.54 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393248,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4232/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466035,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47127.htm","text":"St. Mary's study area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4232/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466034,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47126.htm","text":"St. Clair - Detroit River study area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4232/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56182,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4232/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4232/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393249,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4232/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393250,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4232/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"St. Clair-Detroit River, St Mary's River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.52743301912491,\n              46.58073968434181\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.47845376209919,\n              46.42266829090466\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.32261067156153,\n              46.478360354740786\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2704509432996,\n              46.158506855332746\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.84373605369098,\n              45.971058144663715\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.70814876101491,\n              46.045604714566025\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7660333375008,\n              46.29435340425064\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0452787119742,\n              46.548376135783485\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.52743301912491,\n              46.58073968434181\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.18852630080252,\n              41.976867533683816\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.09036888055267,\n              42.037648241533645\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.97585189026181,\n              42.32858698636622\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.73874504974451,\n              42.271013827921465\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.40326693880598,\n              42.32057261831909\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.419626508847,\n              42.485619629262374\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.53414349913862,\n              42.582059682339064\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.32146908859792,\n              43.02615686235137\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.46870521897232,\n              43.05007127689956\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.58322220926318,\n              42.70240029179044\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.78771683478337,\n              42.72043130569506\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.95131253519952,\n              42.50974360366189\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9676721052413,\n              42.40111243646069\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.20488587084428,\n              42.32253941978951\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25396458096883,\n              42.061944263799404\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.18852630080252,\n              41.976867533683816\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cdaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillespie, J.L.","contributorId":67927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumouchelle, D.H.","contributorId":83144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27312,"text":"wri884186 - 1989 - Preliminary assessment of sources, distribution, and mobility of selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri884186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4186","title":"Preliminary assessment of sources, distribution, and mobility of selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Selenium in tile drain water from parts of the western San Joaquin Valley, California, has adversely affected fish and waterfowl where drain water was impounded. Soils in these drained areas were derived from Coast Range marine sedimentary formations, were naturally saline and probably contained abundant soluble selenium. Decades of irrigation have redistributed the most soluble forms of selenium from the soil into groundwater and have caused the water table to rise 1 to 4 ft/year. Selenium in shallow groundwater has been further concentrated because of evapotranspiration. The rising water table has caused a large area of farmland to require artificial drainage of groundwater that contains high concentrations of selenium. The present areal distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater reflects the natural distribution of saline soils. The depth distribution of selenium in groundwater reflects the history of irrigation. The highest concentrations of selenium in groundwater (50 to more than 1,000 micrograms/L) are in a zone of variable thickness located between 20 and 150 ft below the water table. The toxic water in this zone was recharged during the first few decades of irrigation. The large volume of high selenium groundwater makes it desirable to leave this water where it is, rather than bring it to the land surface or allow it to move into parts of the aquifer that may be used for water supply. Selenium concentrations in the San Joaquin River depend on the magnitude of the selenium load from drain water and dilution by water with low concentrations of selenium from all other sources of streamflow. The San Joaquin Valley is a regional-scale example of how manipulation of the hydrologic system can cause water quality problems if naturally occurring toxic substances are mobilized. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884186","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., 1989, Preliminary assessment of sources, distribution, and mobility of selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4186, x, 129 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884186.","productDescription":"x, 129 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db66989e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27348,"text":"wri874051 - 1989 - Composition, distribution, and hydrologic effects of contaminated sediments resulting from the discharge of gold milling wastes to Whitewood Creek at Lead and Deadwood, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri874051","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4051","title":"Composition, distribution, and hydrologic effects of contaminated sediments resulting from the discharge of gold milling wastes to Whitewood Creek at Lead and Deadwood, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Whitewood Creek-Belle Fourche-Cheyenne River stream system in western South Dakota has been extensively contaminated by the discharge to Whitewood Creek of about 100 million tons of mill tailings from gold-mining operations. The resulting contaminated sediments contain unusually large concentrations of arsenic, as much as 11,000 micrograms/g, derived from the mineral arsenopyrite, as well as potentially toxic constituents derived from the ore-body minerals or from the milling processes. Because of the anomalous arsenic concentrations associated with the contamination, arsenic was used as an indicator for a geochemically based, random, sediment-sampling program. Arsenic concentrations in shallow, contaminated sediments along the flood plains of the streams were from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than arsenic concentrations in uncontaminated sediments in about 75% of the flood plains of Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River. Appreciable surface-water contamination resulting from the contaminated sediments is confined to Whitewood Creek and a reach of the Belle Fourche River downstream from the mouth of Whitewood Creek. In Whitewood Creek , dissolved-arsenic concentrations vary from about 20 to 80 microgram/L during the year in response to variations in groundwater inflow and dilution, whereas total-recoverable-arsenic concentrations vary from about 20 to 8 ,000 micrograms/L during short periods in response to rapid changes in suspended-sediment concentration. Contamination of the alluvial aquifer along the stream system is limited to areas in direct contact with large deposits of contaminated sediments. Within the aquifer, arsenic concentrations are thought to be controlled by sorption-desorption on metallic hydroxides. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874051","usgsCitation":"Goddard, K., 1989, Composition, distribution, and hydrologic effects of contaminated sediments resulting from the discharge of gold milling wastes to Whitewood Creek at Lead and Deadwood, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4051, vii, 76 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874051.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56210,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a7fd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goddard, K.E.","contributorId":82319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27466,"text":"wri854283 - 1989 - Surface-water quality in the West Branch Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania: An appraisal of areal and temporal variability from 1962 to 1982 in hydrologic accounting unit 020502","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-30T21:28:35.535812","indexId":"wri854283","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4283","title":"Surface-water quality in the West Branch Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania: An appraisal of areal and temporal variability from 1962 to 1982 in hydrologic accounting unit 020502","docAbstract":"<p>The West Branch Susquehanna River basin has a drainage area of 6,955 square miles in north-central Pennsylvania and comprises Hydrologic Accounting Unit 020502. A National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) waterquality data collection site, maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey, is located on the river near its mouth at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Water-quality data are collected at numerous other sites throughout the basin by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Water Quality Management. Data collected from the NASQAN site and the sites operated by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources from 1962 to 1982 were used to evaluate water-quality variability in the basin. The following objectives were addressed: (1) describe the surface-water quality upstream of the NASQAN site on an areal and temporal basis; (2) relate the water-quality variability, on both an areal and temporal basis, to general basin characteristics; and (3) assess the ability of the water-quality data collected at the NASQAN site to represent, on both an areal and temporal basis the water quality for Hydrologic Accounting Unit 020502 upstream from the site. Areally, the water quality varies considerably throughout the basin. Generally, the river was found to have moderately good water quality in the upper reaches, poor water quality in its middle reach, and good water quality near the mouth. Two tributaries, Moshannon Creek (median pH 3.9) and Bald Eagle Creek (median pH 7.8), had the most pronounced effect on the water quality of the river. Temporal trends were found in the concentrations of several of the constituents at most of the stations. Of the constituents analyzed, those which exhibited increasing or decreasing trends most frequently were pH, alkalinity, dissolved sulfate, total ammonia, and total nitrite plus nitrate. The largest trends were in the concentrations of total-recoverable aluminum, manganese, and zinc. Causes of areal variation were attributed to land use and geologic variations throughout the basin. Trends which indicated an improvement in water qualijty are believed to be caused by improvements in the treatment of acid mine drainage and wastewater. Trends which indicated degradation of water quality were generally found in areas where these types of treatment are not yet effective. The NASQAN site at Lewisburg was shown not to represent the water quality of the entire basin, either areally or temporally. It does, however, represent the water quality of the West Branch Susquehanna River at its mouth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854283","usgsCitation":"Hainly, R., Truhlar, J., and Wetzel, K.L., 1989, Surface-water quality in the West Branch Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania: An appraisal of areal and temporal variability from 1962 to 1982 in hydrologic accounting unit 020502: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4283, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854283.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393707,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36421.htm"},{"id":56322,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4283/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4283/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"West Branch Susquehanna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.9170,\n              40.462\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25,\n              40.462\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25,\n              41.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9170,\n              41.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9170,\n              40.462\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hainly, R.A.","contributorId":45732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truhlar, J.F.","contributorId":107738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truhlar","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, K. L.","contributorId":14418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27552,"text":"wri894096 - 1989 - Assessment of hydrologic and hydrogeologic data at Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:15:01","indexId":"wri894096","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4096","title":"Assessment of hydrologic and hydrogeologic data at Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base, North Carolina","docAbstract":"        The Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base occupies 164 square miles in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, including 30 square miles of the New River estuary that bisects the Base.  As much as 1,500 feet of unconsolidated or partly consolidated sand, limestone, silt, and clay beds that contain seven aquifers separated by six confining units underlie the Base.  Freshwater is present in aquifers to a depth of about 300 feet in the area and is the principal water-supply source for the Base.\r\n\tGround-water withdrawn for the military and civilian population of about 68,000 at the Base increased from about 4 million gallons per day in 1941 to more than 7 million gallons per day in 1986.  In the last decade, water demand has not increased substantially; however, certain wells have been discontinued, and new wells have been drilled in different locations.\r\n        Well-acceptance tests indicate an average specific capacity of 6.3 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown for 33 wells finished in the Castle Hayne aquifer.  Estimates of transmissivity based on estimated specific capacities that were adjusted to represent full aquifer penetration, ranged from 4,300 to 24,500 feet squared per day and had an average of 10,200 feet squared per day; the average estimated hydraulic conductivity is 35 feet per day.\r\n\tRecords for more than 160 wells indicate that the average water-supply well at the Base has a depth of 162 feet, a casing diameter of 8 inches, about 37 feet of well screen, and a yield of 174 gallons per minute.  Ground-water level naturally fluctuates as much as 4 feet seasonally, but effects of pumping on water-level fluctuations are much greater, depending on the rate of pumping and proximity to production wells.  Natural ground-water discharge from the Castle Hayne aquifer is to the New River and the Atlantic Ocean.\r\n\tThe hydraulic gradient in the Castle Hayne aquifer is 5 to 15 feet per mile in areas unaffected by pumping and is as much as 200 feet per mile within major pumping centers.  Estimated velocities of ground-water movement range from 0.06 to 16 feet per day.\r\n\tThe specific conductance of water in wells ranged from 251 to 1,213 microsiemens per centimeter.  Wells that contained water with specific conductance values greater than 800 microsiemens per centimeter are suspected of being affected by saltwater.\r\n\tFreshwater bearing deposits consist of two aquifers: the surficial aquifer and Castle Hayne aquifer.  Clay beds within the Castle Hayne aquifer are less than 30 feet thick, are discontinuous, and comprise between 15 and 24 percent of the aquifer.\r\n\tAdditional test holes are needed to fully describe the hydrogeologic framework in the central and southwestern parts of the study area.  Observation wells are needed in the beach areas of the Base and near the Air Station.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894096","usgsCitation":"Harned, D., Lloyd, O.B., and Treece, M., 1989, Assessment of hydrologic and hydrogeologic data at Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4096, v, 64 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894096.","productDescription":"v, 64 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56407,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4096/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56408,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4096/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56409,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4096/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56410,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base, Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.82440185546875,\n              34.439760996804985\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.82440185546875,\n              34.858890491257796\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.97708129882811,\n              34.858890491257796\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.97708129882811,\n              34.439760996804985\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.82440185546875,\n              34.439760996804985\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harned, Douglas","contributorId":11195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lloyd, O. B. Jr.","contributorId":97932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Treece, M.W. Jr.","contributorId":60255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treece","given":"M.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27661,"text":"wri894037 - 1989 - Trend analysis of Lake Parker stage and relation to various hydrologic factors, 1950-86, Lakeland, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri894037","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4037","title":"Trend analysis of Lake Parker stage and relation to various hydrologic factors, 1950-86, Lakeland, Florida","docAbstract":"Kendall tau test and regression analysis were used to determine if statistically significant long-term trends exist for Lake Parker, Florida stage data or for four other area lakes, four groundwater sites, four rainfall sites, Lakeland public-supply pumpage, and pan evaporation. A 10% significance level was used for criterion of an existing trend. Findings were consistent between the two analytical methods. There were no long-term trends indicated for seasonal or annual stage data at Lake Parker. Statistically significant Kendall tau slope estimators were detected for pan evaporation (+0.45 in/yr), Lakeland well-field pumpage (+0.56 million gal/day/yr), and one groundwater site (+0.48 ft/year). Decreasing trends were indicated for three other lakes (-0.03 to -0.27 ft/year) and one groundwater site (-0.25 ft/year). Kendall tau tests of four annual rainfall records indicated no long-term trends. Change in Lake Parker stage from November to May was related by multiple linear regression to change in groundwater level, rainfall, and pumpage for the same time period. The regression coefficient of determination was 0.90, and the standard error was 0.24 ft. Monthly change in lake stage for November through May was related to evaporation, rainfall, and groundwater levels with a coefficient of determination of 0.67 and a standard error of 0.14 ft. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894037","usgsCitation":"Henderson, S., and Lopez, M.A., 1989, Trend analysis of Lake Parker stage and relation to various hydrologic factors, 1950-86, Lakeland, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4037, iii, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894037.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4037/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56515,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6267a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, S.E.","contributorId":70806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez, M. A.","contributorId":12493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}