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After 101 years of careful science of the Earth's past and meticulous observations and assessments of the present, predictive earth science was in full public view. However vague and faint the glimpse of the future made possible by earth science, it was enough. Warnings were issued, thousands of lives were saved, and the age of real-time geology began. The Survey's basic mission has not changed, but the power of our analytical tools has increased by several orders of magnitude. The Survey's efforts to understand Earth processes and hydrologic principles continued with the collection, during fiscal year 1980, of valuable new data on the geologic origin and framework, seismicity, and mineral and energy resources of the United States. The Survey is also responsible for classification of the leasable minerals on Federal lands and the regulation of mineral exploration and development activities on Federal and Indian lands. As the principal earth science fact-gathering agency, the Survey provides information for sound decisionmaking by government and private industry. Industry uses the Survey's information in exploring for energy and minerals and improving their efforts to make development of energy and minerals compatible with environmental protection standards. Government uses the Survey's information in conducting leasing operations on public lands, in regulating the safe design and siting of nuclear plants, and in establishing guidelines for determining and locating areas that are subject to geologic hazards such as landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. The Yearbook reports a broad range of the Survey's accomplishments during the past fiscal year and provides an overview of future directions. Many of the topics covered will continue to be important natural resource and earth science issues of the 1980's.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039034","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, United States Geological Survey Yearbook, fiscal year 1980: Yearbook, vi, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039034.","productDescription":"vi, 137 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261273,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039034/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"49.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":261274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039034/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc91e4b08c986b328cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006721,"text":"70006721 - 1981 - Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate (Thanite) and a metabolite in fish and treated ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70006721","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:27:53","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate (Thanite) and a metabolite in fish and treated ponds","docAbstract":"Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate (Thanite) is an insecticide that induces a surfacing response in fish and therefore has been considered to have potential as a fish collection agent. Analyses for residues of Thanite in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to chemical yielded only a trace of the parent compound. A metabolite, isobornyl a-(methylthio)acetate, was isolated and indentified by GC-MS,and a reference standard for the metabolite was synthesized. Residues of the metabolite were present in largemouth bass muscle tissue within 1 h after exposure to Thanite. The metabolite was also observed in the muscle, blood plasma, and bile of carp. Residues of the metaboliteare rapidly elimanated after the fish are transferred to Thanite-free water. Residues of Thanite in water, algae, and from soil from ponds treated with Thanite declined to undetectable levels within 28 days after treatment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/jf00105a049","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.L., Sills, J., Dawson, V.K., and Amel, R., 1981, Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate (Thanite) and a metabolite in fish and treated ponds: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 29, no. 3, p. 634-636, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00105a049.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"634","endPage":"636","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00105a049","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9a9e4b0c8380cd85eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sills, J.B.","contributorId":55380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sills","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amel, R.T.","contributorId":46818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amel","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039567,"text":"70039567 - 1981 - Studying the Earth from space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-13T17:03:59","indexId":"70039567","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:12:25","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Studying the Earth from space","docAbstract":"Space age technology contains a key to increased knowledge about the Earth's resources; this key is remote sensing detecting the nature or condition of something without actually touching it. An early and still most useful form of remote sensing is photography which records the\nscene, as man sees it, on film sensitive to that part of the electromagnetic spectrum called visible energy. Electromagnetic energy travels in waves of various lengths; most are invisible to the human eye. Wavelengths progressively longer than those that the eye can see are infrared and microwave. Wavelengths progressively shorter than the eye can see are ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039567","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Studying the Earth from space: General Information Product, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039567.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":259582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ceae4b08c986b31d518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006392,"text":"70006392 - 1981 - \"Duck stamp\" dollars reserve native prairie tracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:19:25","indexId":"70006392","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"\"Duck stamp\" dollars reserve native prairie tracts","docAbstract":"Ducks and wetlands are inseparable in the prairies. Hunters know this, bird watchers know this, wildlife managers know this, and most importantly people who manage the croplands and rangelands know this. The 1,746 tracts of native prairie within these upland-wetland complexes known as Waterfowl Production Areas are not the only lands purchased with \"duck stamp\" dollars. Considerable acreages have also been purchased in central and southern parts of the United States to provide staging, resting, and wintering areas for waterfowl. Since 1934, when \"duck stamps\" were first sold, nearly 2.5 million acres of waterfowl habitats have been acquired or taken under easement within the United States with revenue from these sales. By purchasing \"duck stamps\", more than 2.2 million people provide over $16.5 million in annual revenue. It is certainly gratifying to know that some of the remaining native prairie remnants in the Northern Great Plains are being reserved for the future with \"duck stamp\" dollars.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangelands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Higgins, K., 1981, \"Duck stamp\" dollars reserve native prairie tracts: Rangelands, v. 3, no. 5, p. 190-191.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263630,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/view/11685/10958"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bd1353e4b069d93eefc4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012020,"text":"70012020 - 1981 - Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70012020,"text":"70012020 - 1981 - Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","indexId":"70012020","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9554,"text":"ofr79951 - 1979 - Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","indexId":"ofr79951","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":9554,"text":"ofr79951 - 1979 - Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","indexId":"ofr79951","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:10:35","indexId":"70012020","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","docAbstract":"

Long linear tension cracks associated with declining groundwater levels at four sites in subsiding areas in south-central Arizona, Fremont Valley, California, and Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, occur near points of maximum convex-upward curvature in subsidence profiles oriented perpendicular to the cracks. Profiles are based on repeated precise vertical control surveys of lines of closely spaced bench marks. Association of these fissures with zones of localized differential subsidence indicates that linear earth fissures are caused by horizontal tensile strains probably resulting from localized differential compaction. Horizontal tensile strains across the fissures at the point of maximum convex-upward curvature, ranging from approximately 100 to 700 microstrains (0.01 to 0.07% per year), were indicated based on measurements with a tape or electronic distance meter.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i001p00223","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., and Pampeyan, E.H., 1981, Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 223-227, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i001p00223.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"227","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Fremont Valley, Las Vegas Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,31.3 ], [ -124.8,43.5 ], [ -109.0,43.5 ], [ -109.0,31.3 ], [ -124.8,31.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0499e4b0c8380cd50a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pampeyan, Earl H.","contributorId":54698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pampeyan","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046351,"text":"70046351 - 1981 - Improved methods for national water assessment, water resources contract: WR15249270","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T12:50:12","indexId":"70046351","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Improved methods for national water assessment, water resources contract: WR15249270","docAbstract":"The purpose of our research is to develop methods to make National Water Assessment more useful in estimating water availability for economic growth and more helpful in determining the effect of water resource development upon the environmental quality of related land resources. There are serious questions pertaining to the 1975 Water Assessment and these amplify the significance of decisions made as to the planning and scheduling of the next assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"Harvard Water Resources Group","doi":"10.3133/70046351","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H., 1981, Improved methods for national water assessment, water resources contract: WR15249270, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70046351.","productDescription":"59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70046351/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":274618,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70046351/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f568e4b0097a7158e5c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Harold A. Jr.","contributorId":82206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Harold A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222794,"text":"5222794 - 1981 - Gray bats and pollution in Missouri and northern Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"5222794","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":973,"text":"Bat Research News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gray bats and pollution in Missouri and northern Alabama","docAbstract":"Gray bats died with lethal brain concentrations of dieldrin and rising levels of heptachlor epoxide in 1976, 1977, and 1978 at Bat Caves No. 2-3, Franklin County, Missouri. The colony disappeared in 1979. Dieldrin was banned in 1974 and 1981 was the last year for heptachlor use in Missouri. The State is recommendiing three organophosphates (chlorpyrifos or Dursban, dyfonate or Fonophos, and ethoprop or Mocap) as substitutes for heptachlor. All three compounds have excellent records in the environment. Analyses of insects collected where bats of this colony fed showed beetles, particularly rove beetles (Staphylinidae), to be the most heavily contaminated part of the bat's diet. Lactation concentrated these residues so that levels in milk were approximately 30 times those in the insect diet. Gray bats found dead in caves in northern Alabama showed DDD (a DDT derivative) contamination. Bats from the colony at Cave Springs Cave on the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge contained up to 29 ppm DDD in their brains, but this is probably less than one-half the lethal level. Bats from other colonies contained less. The DDD contamination enters the Terinessee River just above the Wheeler Refuge and is seen in gray bat colonies as far as 60 miles downriver.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bat Research News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Bunck, C., Cromartie, E., LaVal, R.K., and Tuttle, M., 1981, Gray bats and pollution in Missouri and northern Alabama: Bat Research News, v. 22, no. 4, p. 35-36(abs).","productDescription":"35-36 (abstract)","startPage":"35","endPage":"36(abs)","numberOfPages":"-34","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cromartie, E.","contributorId":13926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromartie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaVal, R. K.","contributorId":8945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaVal","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tuttle, M.D.","contributorId":11725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221727,"text":"5221727 - 1981 - Organochlorine concentrations in bald eagles: Brain/body lipid relations and hazard evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T16:35:34.647812","indexId":"5221727","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine concentrations in bald eagles: Brain/body lipid relations and hazard evaluation","docAbstract":"

Residue levels of 12 organochlorine compounds found In the brains of bald eagles can be predicted from the corresponding concentrations in the carcass when expressed on a hexane‐extractable lipid basis. The compounds varied by a factor of about 3 in the degree to which they accumulated In the brain. An understanding of these relations enhances our ability to assess the toxic hazards of environmental contamination.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287398109530073","usgsCitation":"Barbehenn, K., and Reichel, W.L., 1981, Organochlorine concentrations in bald eagles: Brain/body lipid relations and hazard evaluation: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 8, no. 1/2, p. 325-330, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398109530073.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a8ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbehenn, K.R.","contributorId":39476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbehenn","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221637,"text":"5221637 - 1981 - Using captive propagation to help save the Puerto Rican parrot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:47","indexId":"5221637","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:18","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":614,"text":"AFA Watchbird","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using captive propagation to help save the Puerto Rican parrot","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"AFA Watchbird","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.W., and Gee, G., 1981, Using captive propagation to help save the Puerto Rican parrot: AFA Watchbird, v. 8, no. 5, p. 4, 6-11.","productDescription":"4, 6-11","startPage":"4, 6","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J. W.","contributorId":51399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221644,"text":"5221644 - 1981 - Heavy metals in mammals from two unmined copper-zinc deposits in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T00:10:31.379717","indexId":"5221644","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:18","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy metals in mammals from two unmined copper-zinc deposits in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01610982","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.J., and Rongstad, O., 1981, Heavy metals in mammals from two unmined copper-zinc deposits in Wisconsin: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 28-33, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01610982.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63cdcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rongstad, O.J.","contributorId":39475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rongstad","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221635,"text":"5221635 - 1981 - Eustrongylides and pesticide levels in a great blue heron shot in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T16:39:56.804404","indexId":"5221635","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:18","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Eustrongylides and pesticide levels in a great blue heron shot in Wisconsin","title":"Eustrongylides and pesticide levels in a great blue heron shot in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

The parasitic roundworm, Eustrongylides ignotus Jagersk, has been known to cause mortality and morbidity in members of the heron family in the eastern states of North America. To date no previous records exist for this nematode in Wisconsin. Even though eustrongylidiosis was first detected in the District of Columbia in 1926 by Chapin (1926), it was not until 1976 that this parasite was found in the midwest, in central Indiana (Winterfield and Kazacos 1977). The purpose of this report is to document the occurrence of this nematode even further westward in Wisconsin, and to show the debilitating effect it can have on herons.

","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Natural Science Society","usgsCitation":"Windingstad, R.M., and Swineford, D.M., 1981, Eustrongylides and pesticide levels in a great blue heron shot in Wisconsin: Prairie Naturalist, v. 13, no. 2, p. 161-162.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409097,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tpn/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Oneida County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0477,45.8953],[-89.047,45.8097],[-89.0469,45.7265],[-89.0475,45.6391],[-89.0468,45.5518],[-89.0467,45.4668],[-89.174,45.4681],[-89.3013,45.4692],[-89.4274,45.4707],[-89.4286,45.5553],[-89.5489,45.5562],[-89.6725,45.5556],[-89.7961,45.5559],[-89.9197,45.5551],[-90.0433,45.5551],[-90.0434,45.6443],[-90.0434,45.7302],[-90.0448,45.8176],[-90.0428,45.8972],[-89.9846,45.8974],[-89.9212,45.8981],[-89.8199,45.8984],[-89.797,45.898],[-89.7571,45.8985],[-89.6741,45.8987],[-89.5498,45.8988],[-89.4256,45.8987],[-89.3628,45.8987],[-89.3007,45.9014],[-89.3008,45.8606],[-89.1754,45.859],[-89.1752,45.8993],[-89.1091,45.8973],[-89.0477,45.8953]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oneida\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windingstad, R. M.","contributorId":71124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windingstad","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swineford, D. M.","contributorId":106839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swineford","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222986,"text":"5222986 - 1981 - Forty-fourth breeding bird census. 10. Upland tulip-tree--maple--oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5222986","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forty-fourth breeding bird census. 10. Upland tulip-tree--maple--oak forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1981, Forty-fourth breeding bird census. 10. Upland tulip-tree--maple--oak forest: American Birds, v. 35, no. 1.","productDescription":"52","startPage":"52","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db5317c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222996,"text":"5222996 - 1981 - Thirty-third winter bird-population study. 5. Upland tulip-tree--maple--oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5222996","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thirty-third winter bird-population study. 5. Upland tulip-tree--maple--oak forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1981, Thirty-third winter bird-population study. 5. Upland tulip-tree--maple--oak forest: American Birds, v. 35, no. 1.","productDescription":"23","startPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bf19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221668,"text":"5221668 - 1981 - The structure of western warbler assemblages: Analysis of foraging behavior and habitat selection in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T16:10:52","indexId":"5221668","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The structure of western warbler assemblages: Analysis of foraging behavior and habitat selection in Oregon","docAbstract":"

This study examines the foraging behavior and habitat selection of a MacGillivray's (Oporornis tolmiei)-Orange-crowned (Vermivora celata)-Wilson's (Wilsonia pusilla) warbler assemblage that occurred on early-growth clearcuts in western Oregon during breeding. Sites were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of deciduous trees. Density estimates for each species were nearly identical between site classes except for Wilson's, whose density declined on nondeciduous tree sites. Analysis of vegetation parameters within the territories of the species identified deciduous tree cover as the variable of primary importance in the separation of warblers on each site, so that the assemblage could be arranged on a continuum of increasing deciduous tree cover. MacGillivray's and Wilson's extensively used shrub cover and deciduous tree cover, respectively; Orange-crowns were associated with both vegetation types. When the deciduous tree cover was reduced, Orange-crowns concentrated foraging activities in shrub cover and maintained nondisturbance densities. Indices of foraging-height diversity showed a marked decrease after the removal of deciduous trees. All species except MacGillivray's foraged lower in the vegatative substrate on the nondeciduous tree sites; MacGillivray's concentrated foraging activities in the low shrub cover on both sites. Indices of foraging overlap revealed a general pattern of decreased segregation by habitat after removal of deciduous trees. I suggest that the basic patterns of foraging behavior and habitat selection evidenced today in western North America were initially developed by ancestral warblers before their invasion of the west. Species successfully colonizing western habitats were probably preadapted to the conditions they encountered, with new habitats occupied without obvious evolutionary modifications.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Morrison, M.L., 1981, The structure of western warbler assemblages: Analysis of foraging behavior and habitat selection in Oregon: The Auk, v. 98, no. 3, p. 578-588.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"588","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086124"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, Michael L.","contributorId":169013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221654,"text":"5221654 - 1981 - Tolerance of adult mallards to subacute ingestion of crude petroleum oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:33","indexId":"5221654","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3611,"text":"Toxicology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tolerance of adult mallards to subacute ingestion of crude petroleum oil","docAbstract":"Adult male mallards were fed untreated mash or mash containing 1.5% Prudhoe Bay crude oil for 7 days ad lib. During the initial 24 h of exposure to crude petroleum oil, ducks consumed less mash (P less than 0.05) and lost approx. 3.5% of their initial body weight (P less than 0.05), however, neither intake nor body weight differ between groups on days 2-7. Plasma samples collected between 09.00 and 10.00 h on days 0, 1, 3, or 7 indicated that corticosterone, glucose, thyroxine, total protein, and uric acid concentrations, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) were not affected by treatment. These findings suggest that adult mallards may be able to tolerate large quantities of crude petroleum oil mixed in their diet (approx. 25 ml over a 7-day period) without overt or biochemical indications of distress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0378-4274(81)90123-5","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., 1981, Tolerance of adult mallards to subacute ingestion of crude petroleum oil: Toxicology Letters, v. 8, no. 6, p. 337-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(81)90123-5.","productDescription":"337-342","startPage":"337","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18146,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(81)90123-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221650,"text":"5221650 - 1981 - Avian surveys of large geographical areas: A systematic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5221650","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian surveys of large geographical areas: A systematic approach","docAbstract":"A multidisciplinary team approach was used to simultaneously map the distribution of birds, selected food items, and major vegetation types in 34,000- to 140,000-ha tracts in native Hawaiian forests. By using a team approach, large savings in time can be realized over attempts to conduct similar surveys of smaller scope, and a systems approach to management problems is made easier. The methods used in survey design, training observers, and documenting bird numbersand habitat descriptions are discussed in detail.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.M., Jacobi, J., and Ramsey, F.L., 1981, Avian surveys of large geographical areas: A systematic approach: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 9, no. 3, p. 190-200.","productDescription":"190-200","startPage":"190","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18150,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3781837","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aecc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobi, J.D.","contributorId":13570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, F. L.","contributorId":92379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"F.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221657,"text":"5221657 - 1981 - Asiatic clam (Corbicula manilensis) and other foods used by waterfowl in the James River, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T16:32:30.805639","indexId":"5221657","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Asiatic clam (Corbicula manilensis) and other foods used by waterfowl in the James River, Virginia","title":"Asiatic clam (Corbicula manilensis) and other foods used by waterfowl in the James River, Virginia","docAbstract":"

Corbicula manilensis was found in the gizzards of 24 ducks of 5 species taken from the James River, Virginia, between 1973 and 1976. Percent average volume in these species ranged from trace to 6%. This is the first known occurrence of this exotic clam in the food of duck in Chesapeake Bay. A total of 135 other food items was identified from the 116 gizzards of 9 species that were examined. Food that predominated included Cyperus spp.,Leersia oryzoides, Polygonum spp., and Zea mays. The great diversity of food consumed in this fresh tidal section of the James River indicates the high value of these wetlands to waterfowl.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351481","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., and Uhler, F., 1981, Asiatic clam (Corbicula manilensis) and other foods used by waterfowl in the James River, Virginia: Estuaries, v. 4, no. 3, p. 229-233, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351481.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"233","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"James River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.96703251441268,\n 37.93871880617202\n ],\n [\n -79.9937374752602,\n 37.89102274261042\n ],\n [\n -79.99596288866374,\n 37.86233169782183\n ],\n [\n -80.01116988025761,\n 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-79.6777994953306,\n 37.593805047733824\n ],\n [\n -79.77517735509637,\n 37.728708810461285\n ],\n [\n -79.72648842521349,\n 37.798473298709\n ],\n [\n -79.8025648781558,\n 37.84895132118716\n ],\n [\n -79.92124414474574,\n 37.82972566940302\n ],\n [\n -79.96703251441268,\n 37.93871880617202\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uhler, F.M.","contributorId":81965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhler","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223714,"text":"5223714 - 1981 - Whale sharks associated with fish schools off south Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T16:24:41.914313","indexId":"5223714","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2893,"text":"Northeast Gulf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whale sharks associated with fish schools off south Texas","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Southern Mississippi","doi":"10.18785/negs.0501.08","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, W., Fritts, T.H., and Reynolds, R., 1981, Whale sharks associated with fish schools off south Texas: Northeast Gulf Science, v. 5, no. 1, p. 55-57, https://doi.org/10.18785/negs.0501.08.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487354,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/negs.0501.08","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"south Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.06146651628724,\n 28.303924891010837\n ],\n [\n -98.06146651628724,\n 26.039958372787268\n ],\n [\n -95.73704985551815,\n 26.039958372787268\n ],\n [\n -95.73704985551815,\n 28.303924891010837\n ],\n [\n -98.06146651628724,\n 28.303924891010837\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e496b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, W.","contributorId":50245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, R.P.","contributorId":104439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222302,"text":"5222302 - 1981 - Plasma corticosterone and thyroxine concentrations during chronic ingestion of crude oil in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T14:58:08","indexId":"5222302","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1294,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Comparative Pharmacology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plasma corticosterone and thyroxine concentrations during chronic ingestion of crude oil in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)","docAbstract":"

1. Blood samples were collected from mallard ducks after 6, 12, and 18 weeks of dietary exposure to mash containing 0.015%, 0.150%, and 1.500% crude oil.

2. Plasma corticosterone concentrations in ducks fed mash containing 0.150% or 1.500% Alaskan Prudhoe Bay crude oil were uniformly depressed when compared to values in untreated control birds.

3. Plasma thyroxine concentration was not altered in ducks chronically exposed to crude oil.

4. The observed alteration in corticosterone concentration could reduce tolerance to temperature and dietary fluctuations in the environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0306-4492(81)90002-2","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., and Eastin, W.C., 1981, Plasma corticosterone and thyroxine concentrations during chronic ingestion of crude oil in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, v. 68, no. 2, p. 103-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4492(81)90002-2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"107","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684ff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eastin, W. C. Jr.","contributorId":6147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastin","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221680,"text":"5221680 - 1981 - The Mayfield method of estimating nesting success: A model, estimators and simulation results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:44","indexId":"5221680","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mayfield method of estimating nesting success: A model, estimators and simulation results","docAbstract":"Using a nesting model proposed by Mayfield we show that the estimator he proposes is a maximum likelihood estimator (m.l.e.). M.l.e. theory allows us to calculate the asymptotic distribution of this estimator, and we propose an estimator of the asymptotic variance. Using these estimators we give approximate confidence intervals and tests of significance for daily survival. Monte Carlo simulation results show the performance of our estimators and tests under many sets of conditions. A traditional estimator of nesting success is shown to be quite inferior to the Mayfield estimator. We give sample sizes required for a given accuracy under several sets of conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hensler, G.L., and Nichols, J., 1981, The Mayfield method of estimating nesting success: A model, estimators and simulation results: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 93, no. 1, p. 42-53.","productDescription":"42-53","startPage":"42","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18087,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v093n01/p0042-p0053.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":197384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221676,"text":"5221676 - 1981 - Effects of lead shot ingestion on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, hemoglobin concentration, and serum chemistry in bald eagles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-23T20:53:53.343701","indexId":"5221676","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lead shot ingestion on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, hemoglobin concentration, and serum chemistry in bald eagles","docAbstract":"

Lead shot ingestion by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is considered to be widespread and has been implicated in the death of eagles in nature. It was recently demonstrated under experimental conditions that ingestion of as few as 10 lead shot resulted in death within 12 to 20 days. In the present study hematological responses to lead toxicity including red blood cell ALAD activity, hemoglobin concentration and 23 different blood serum chemistries were examined in five captive bald eagles that were unsuitable for rehabilitation and release. Eagles were dosed by force-feeding with 10 lead shot; they were redosed if regurgitation occurred. Red blood cell ALAD activity was inhibited by nearly 80% within 24 hours when mean blood lead concentration had increased to 0.8 parts per million (ppm). By the end of 1 week there was a significant decrease (20-25%) in hematocrit and hemoglobin, and the mean blood lead concentration was over 3 ppm. Within as little as 1-2 weeks after dosing, significant elevations in serum creatinine and serum alanine aminotransferase occurred, as well as a significant decrease in the ratio of serum aspartic aminotransferase to serum alanine aminotransferase. The mean blood lead concentration was over 5 ppm by the end of 2 weeks. These changes in serum chemistry may be indicative of kidney and liver alterations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-17.3.423","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Pattee, O.H., Wiemeyer, S.N., and Mulhern, B., 1981, Effects of lead shot ingestion on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, hemoglobin concentration, and serum chemistry in bald eagles: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 17, no. 3, p. 423-431, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-17.3.423.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480558,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-17.3.423","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":194334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pattee, O. H.","contributorId":46459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulhern, B.","contributorId":89995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulhern","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221693,"text":"5221693 - 1981 - The effects of ingested petroleum on the maphthalene-metabolizing properties of the liver tissue in seawater-adapted mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:36","indexId":"5221693","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:12","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of ingested petroleum on the maphthalene-metabolizing properties of the liver tissue in seawater-adapted mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)","docAbstract":"Hepatic mixed function oxidase activities were estimated in seawater-adapted mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) that had been consuming food contaminated with one of five different types of crude oil. After 50 days of exposure to contaminated food, enzyme activities of liver microsomal preparations were assessed in terms of their naphthalenemetabolizing properties in vitro. Although dose-dependent increases in the total hepatic enzyme activities (nmole naphthalene metabolized per minute per unit mass body weight) were observed in birds consuming food contaminated with each type of crude oil, three patterns of response were apparent. Crude oils from South Louisiana and Kuwait stimulated large and significant increases in the specific activity of the enzyme system (nmole naphthalene metabolized per minute per unit mass microsomal protein), whereas little or no increase in either microsomal protein content or relative liver weight were observed. In contrast, two crude oils from Santa Barbara, Calif., induced only small increases in specific activity but significant increases occurred in hepatic microsomal protein concentration and relative liver weight. The crude oil from Prudhoe Bay, Ala., evoked intermediate patterns of response. The possible significance of these data is discussed in relation to the survival of seabirds consuming petroleum-contaminated food and drinking water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0013-9351(81)90167-5","collaboration":"2527_Gorsline.pdf","usgsCitation":"Gorsline, J., Holmes, W.N., and Cronshaw, J., 1981, The effects of ingested petroleum on the maphthalene-metabolizing properties of the liver tissue in seawater-adapted mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos): Environmental Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 377-390, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(81)90167-5.","productDescription":"377-390","startPage":"377","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18078,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(81)90167-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6358cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorsline, J.","contributorId":30307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorsline","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, W. N.","contributorId":70497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronshaw, J.","contributorId":44247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronshaw","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221684,"text":"5221684 - 1981 - A review of bufflehead sex and age criteria with notes on weights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:35","indexId":"5221684","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:12","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of bufflehead sex and age criteria with notes on weights","docAbstract":"Summary: Buftleheads Bucephala albeola were collected along the Oregon coast during the hunting season. Birds were first sexed and aged upon cloacal and internal characteristics. Results were then compared with data derived from wing plumage. A small change was made in Carney's (1964) wing plumage key to improve its accuracy. Although only a few studies have been made of Bufflehead weights, it seems that in at least several of these, some immature males have been included in the female category. This mistake has probably resulted from the extremely small penis in the immatures. The foot web length shows potential as a simple sexing criterion during the fall and winter for immatures which are the most difficult to sex under field conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"2542_Henny.pdf","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Carter, J., and Carter, B.J., 1981, A review of bufflehead sex and age criteria with notes on weights: Wildfowl, v. 32, p. 117-122.","productDescription":"117-122","startPage":"117","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Barbara J.","contributorId":11713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221689,"text":"5221689 - 1981 - Acute toxicities of toxaphene and endrin to larvae of seven species of amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"5221689","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:12","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3611,"text":"Toxicology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicities of toxaphene and endrin to larvae of seven species of amphibians","docAbstract":"Seven species of amphibian larvae were exposed to toxaphene and endrin in a continuous-flow dosing system to determine differences in sensitivity to the two compounds, EC50 and LC50 estimates varied from those for Rana sphenocephala by no more than one order of magnitude when calculated on the basis of intended concentrations. Removal of pesticides from water by the test animals was significant and it makes interpretation of results difficult. Continuous-flow toxicity tests conflict with the adaptations of amphibian larvae for static water; use of such tests for amphibians requires further evaluation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0378-4274(81)90122-3","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., and Swineford, D.M., 1981, Acute toxicities of toxaphene and endrin to larvae of seven species of amphibians: Toxicology Letters, v. 8, no. 6, p. 331-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(81)90122-3.","productDescription":"331-336","startPage":"331","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18082,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(81)90122-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.J.","contributorId":32885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swineford, D. M.","contributorId":106839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swineford","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222209,"text":"5222209 - 1981 - Colony site dynamics and habitat use in Atlantic coast seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T16:12:57","indexId":"5222209","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colony site dynamics and habitat use in Atlantic coast seabirds","docAbstract":"

Seabird colony sizes and movements were documented in the DelMarVa coastal region in 1976-1977 and in New Jersey in 1978-1979. Most colonies were found on marsh and dredge deposition islands and on barrier island beaches. For the \"traditionally\" beach-nesting Herring Gull, Common Tern, and Black Skimmer, larger, more stable colonies were found on barrier beaches than on marsh islands. In marsh habitats, rates of colony-site change of marsh-nesting Forster's Tern and Laughing Gulls were similar to those of the former beach nesters. Several adaptations have evolved in marsh specialists to cope with a high risk of reproductive failure due to flooding, but both Herring Gulls and Common Terns also appear to be very adaptable in nesting under various habitat conditions.

New colonies and those abandoned between years may be pioneering attempts by younger or inexperienced birds, because they are often smaller than persistent colonies, although patterns differ among areas and habitats. Colony-site dynamics are complex and result from many selective factors including competition, predation, physical changes in site structure, and flooding. The invasion of Herring Gulls into marshes along the mid-Atlantic coast has had an impact on new colony-site choice by associated seabirds.

Calculating colony-site turnover rates allows for comparisons among species, habitats, and regions and may give useful insights into habitat quality and change and alternative nesting strategies.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Galli, J., and Burger, J., 1981, Colony site dynamics and habitat use in Atlantic coast seabirds: The Auk, v. 98, no. 3, p. 550-561.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"561","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086121"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galli, J.","contributorId":39753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galli","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, J.","contributorId":25894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}