{"pageNumber":"486","pageRowStart":"12125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":27810,"text":"wri894107 - 1989 - Estimating pumping time and ground-water withdrawals using energy- consumption data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri894107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4107","title":"Estimating pumping time and ground-water withdrawals using energy- consumption data","docAbstract":"Evaluation of the hydrology of an aquifer requires knowledge about the volume of groundwater in storage and also about the volume of groundwater withdrawals. Totalizer flow meters may be installed at pumping plants to measure withdrawals; however, it generally is impractical to equip all pumping plants in an area with meters. A viable alternative is the use of rate-time methods. Rate-time methods may be used at individual pumping plants to decrease the data collection necessary for determining withdrawals. At sites where pumping-time measurement devices are not installed, pumping time may be determined on the basis of energy consumption and power demand. At pumping plants where energy consumption is metered, data acquired by reading of meters is used to estimate pumping time. Care needs to be taken to read these meters correctly. At pumping plants powered by electricity, the calculations need to be modified if transformers are present. At pumping plants powered by natural gas, the effects of the pressure-correction factor need to be included in the calculations. At pumping plants powered by gasoline, diesel oil, or liquid petroleum gas, the geometry of storage tanks needs to be analyzed as part of the calculations. The relation between power demand and pumping rate at a pumping plant can be described through the use of the power-consumption coefficient. Where equipment and hydrologic conditions are stable, this coefficient can be applied to total energy consumption at a site to estimate total groundwater withdrawals. Random sampling of power consumption coefficients can be used to estimate area-wide groundwater withdrawal. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894107","usgsCitation":"Hurr, R., and Litke, D.W., 1989, Estimating pumping time and ground-water withdrawals using energy- consumption data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4107, iv, 27 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894107.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56642,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurr, R. T.","contributorId":20713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litke, D. W.","contributorId":94346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27827,"text":"wri894079 - 1989 - Analysis of the effect of pumping on ground-water flow in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers near Springfield, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri894079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4079","title":"Analysis of the effect of pumping on ground-water flow in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers near Springfield, Missouri","docAbstract":"Pumpage of water from the Ozark aquifer for public supply and industry use by the city of Springfield and surrounding communities in southwestern Missouri has significantly altered the potentiometric surface of the aquifer. Springfield is located on a regional groundwater divide that trends east and west across southern Missouri. Groundwater that once flowed north and south from the divide now moves toward Springfield. Drawdown in the Ozark aquifer beneath Springfield has increased about 50 ft near the center of the city since 1974. The area of well influence also has increased, most notably to the south and southwest, because of increased pumpage by Springfield and new groundwater withdrawals in rapidly increasing communities, such as Republic and Nixa. Changes in the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer, and to a lesser extent the Springfield Plateau aquifer, resulting from stresses applied by pumpage of water supply wells has altered the hydrologic budget of the Springfield area. Downward leakage of groundwater through the Ozark confining unit has increased from about 10 cu ft/sec to about 18 cu ft/sec because drawdown in the Ozark aquifer has resulted in an increased vertical hydraulic gradient across the confining unit. Minimal quantities of water are supplied by increased upward leakage through the St. Francois confining unit. Model simulations indicate substantial quantities of water are still (1987) being removed from storage within the Ozark and Springfield Plateau aquifers and the hydrologic system is not in equilibrium at this time. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri894079","usgsCitation":"Imes, J., 1989, Analysis of the effect of pumping on ground-water flow in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers near Springfield, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4079, vii, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894079.","productDescription":"vii, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f5d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28592,"text":"wri884156 - 1989 - Hydrology of the Prospector Square area, Summit County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri884156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4156","title":"Hydrology of the Prospector Square area, Summit County, Utah","docAbstract":"The Silver Creek tailings site is in Prospector Square, a commercial development and residential community in Summit County, Utah. This study assessed the presence of metals and the movement of groundwater in the unconsolidated valley-fill and consolidated-rock aquifers underlying the tailings. The unconsolidated valley fill is a poorly sorted mixture of clay, silt, sand, and gravel, with intermittent layers of clay. The hydraulic conductivity, estimated on the basis of slug tests, ranged from 1 to 14 ft/day. An aquifer-interference test indicated that water in the valley fill underlying the tailings site did not move toward the pumped municipal well completed in the consolidated-rock aquifer. Concentrations of dissolved and suspended cadmium, manganese, and zinc were greater than background in surface water only during low-flow conditions. Concentrations of suspended iron and lead were greater than background concentrations upstream from the tailings site, but concentrations decreased progressively downstream and during later sampling rounds. Concentrations of dissolved cadmium, managanese, and zinc were greater than background concentrations in water from six wells and one drain. Dissolved arsenic and lead were detected in water from a well downgradient from Prospector Square, but were not detected in water from any of the other wells. Concentrations of all selected metals detected in stream-sediment samples, were detected in similar concentrations in tailings samples. Concentrations of metals in surface and groundwater could increase if the pH of the water decreases substantially from the present (1988) values of about 7 (neutral). (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884156","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.L., 1989, Hydrology of the Prospector Square area, Summit County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4156, v, 75 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884156.","productDescription":"v, 75 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdbad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, J. L.","contributorId":24389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28709,"text":"wri874272 - 1989 - Hydrology of the Castle Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T21:40:12.647391","indexId":"wri874272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4272","title":"Hydrology of the Castle Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The debris avalanche that occurred during the May 19, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens blocked South Fork Castle Creek and created Castle Lake. Stability of the blockage was of concern, and a digital model that simulates three-dimensional groundwater movement in the blockage was constructed as part of the analysis used in a follow-up study that assessed the blockage 's stability. Slug test results in the debris avalanche deposits and model results indicate that the average horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the blockage material is approximately 2.5 ft/day, whereas the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity is approximately 10 to 1. The model was calibrated to seasonally high groundwater levels and groundwater discharge. Model-predicted recharge rates for this time period were 0.97 cu ft/sec. Most of the recharge (81%) results from the infiltration of precipitation, whereas discharge by seeps through the blockage accounts for 81% of the total discharge. Because water levels under the crest of the blockage are higher than lake level, the movement of groundwater is toward the lake and the toe of the blockage. The model allows the water levels to be estimated at any location in the blockage. This information is required for making estimates of the stability of the blockage against failure by gravitational-induced or earthquake-induced slope failure, liquefaction, the process of seepage erosion, or by erosion.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874272","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., and Sabol, M.A., 1989, Hydrology of the Castle Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4272, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874272.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46917.htm"},{"id":124043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4272/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Castle Lake blockage, Mount St, Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.31285095214842,\n              46.24884345903478\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26221084594725,\n              46.24884345903478\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26221084594725,\n              46.275190434531005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31285095214842,\n              46.275190434531005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31285095214842,\n              46.24884345903478\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a24a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, William","contributorId":87538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sabol, M. A.","contributorId":36178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28852,"text":"wri894109 - 1989 - Estimating flood hydrographs for Arkansas streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri894109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4109","title":"Estimating flood hydrographs for Arkansas streams","docAbstract":"Flood hydrographs are needed for the design of many highway drainage structures and embankments and flood water storage structures. A dimensionless hydrograph is presented for Arkansas streams having drainage areas &lt; 600 sq mi. This dimensionless hydrograph can be used with peak discharge and equivalent lagtime to determine flood hydrographs at ungaged sites on rural and urban streams in Arkansas. Multiple regression analysis was used to define relations between equivalent lagtime and basin, climatic, and hydrologic characteristics. Data collected on 450 storms at 9 gaging stations were used in the analysis. The regression analysis indicated that drainage area and 100-year discharge are significant parameters for estimating equivalent lagtime. The standard error of the regression equation is +/-38 %. The equation was tested for accuracy, bias, and sensitivity. An equation is presented for computing the volume of flood runoff when the peak discharge, equivalent lagtime, and drainage area are known. In addition, a hydrograph-width relation is presented for estimating the length of time that a specific discharge will be exceeded. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894109","usgsCitation":"Neely, B., 1989, Estimating flood hydrographs for Arkansas streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4109, iii, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894109.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4109/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57725,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neely, B.L. Jr.","contributorId":13249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"B.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28884,"text":"wri894011 - 1989 - Aquifer tests in the flood-plain alluvium and Santa Fe group at the Rio Grande near Canutillo, El Paso County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri894011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4011","title":"Aquifer tests in the flood-plain alluvium and Santa Fe group at the Rio Grande near Canutillo, El Paso County, Texas","docAbstract":"An aquifer system consisting of the Rio Grande flood-plain alluvium and Santa Fe Group underlying the southern Mesilla Valley in Dona Ana County, New Mexico and El Paso County, Texas has become an important source of water for both municipal and agricultural uses. Determination of aquifer properties is essential in order to evaluate groundwater potential for increasing water demand and potential streamflow depletion of the Rio Grande due to groundwater development. The aquifer system at the Canutillo well field hydrologic section was divided into a shallow, intermediate, and deep zone based on geohydrologic characteristics. Aquifer properties of specific zones at the test site were determined from a series of multiple-well aquifer tests conducted from December 3, 1985 through January 20, 1986. The Rio Grande is hydraulically connected to the shallow flood-plain alluvium. Water generally occurs within the shallow zone under unconfined conditions, within the intermediate zone under semiconfined conditions, and within the deep zone under confined conditions. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri894011","usgsCitation":"Nickerson, E.L., 1989, Aquifer tests in the flood-plain alluvium and Santa Fe group at the Rio Grande near Canutillo, El Paso County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4011, v, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894011.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57757,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nickerson, Edward L.","contributorId":45335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickerson","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29012,"text":"wri884071 - 1989 - Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T21:38:16.366533","indexId":"wri884071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4071","title":"Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Coal mining operations in northwestern Colorado commonly are located in areas that have minimal available water-resource information. Drainage-basin models can be a method for extending water-resource information to include periods for which there are no records or to transfer the information to areas that have no streamflow-gaging stations. To evaluate the magnitude and variability of the components of the water balance in the small drainage basins monitored, and to provide some method for transfer of hydrologic data, the U.S. Geological Survey 's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System was used for small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin to simulate daily mean streamflow using daily precipitation and air-temperature data. The study area was divided into three hydrologic regions, and in each of these regions, three drainage basins were monitored. Two of the drainage basins in each region were used to calibrate the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System. The model was not calibrated for the third drainage basin in each region; instead, parameter values were transferred from the model that was calibrated for the two drainage basins. For all of the drainage basins except one, period of record used for calibration and verification included water years 1976-81. Simulated annual volumes of streamflow for drainage basins used in calibration compared well with observed values; individual hydrographs indicated timing differences between the observed and simulated daily mean streamflow. Observed and simulated annual average streamflows compared well for the periods of record, but values of simulated high and low streamflows were different than observed values. Similar results were obtained when calibrated model parameter values were transferred to drainage basins that were uncalibrated. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884071","usgsCitation":"Parker, R.S., and Norris, J.M., 1989, Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4071, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884071.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406892,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46991.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57878,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Yampa River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108,\n              40.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.8333,\n              40.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.8333,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -108,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -108,\n              40.1\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f78f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, J. M.","contributorId":87953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29081,"text":"wri894045 - 1989 - Flow characteristics of the Clearwater River and tributaries from Clearbrook to Plummer, northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:45:06","indexId":"wri894045","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4045","title":"Flow characteristics of the Clearwater River and tributaries from Clearbrook to Plummer, northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>During March through October 1986, 52,560 acre-feet of water passed the continuous-record stream gaging station on the Clearwater River near Clearbrook, Minnesota, 4.8 river miles upstream from the Red Lake Indian Reservation. Flow at the downstream boundary of the Reservation totaled 93,770 acre-feet. The increase in Clearwater River flow in the reach bordering the Reservation equaled 32,950 acre-feet; 60 percent of the increase occurred during March, April, and May. During those months, flow in the Clearwater River was augmented by flow from Kiwosay Reservoir and Butcher Knife Creek, which are located on the Reservation. Daily streamflow records showed that flow in the river increased in the Reservation reach throughout the study except for 13 days during October when losses occurred. At the downstream Reservation boundary, all daily mean flows exceeded the 36 cubic feet per second minimum flow required by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for the gaging station at Plummer, Minnesota located 29.9 miles downstream from the Reservation boundary. Monthly flows generally followed expected seasonal trends, with the highest monthly totals occurring in April and May and the lowest monthly totals occurring during August, September, and October. Seasonal trends were modified by reservoir releases, withdrawals for irrigation, and return flows that resulted from drainage of adjacent wild-rice fields. A series of flow measurements showed that localized withdrawals and return flows at times exceeded 20 percent of total streamflow. Discharge measurements made during low flow indicated higher rates of groundwater discharge in the vicinity of the Kiwosay Reservoir than in other parts of the study reach. Measurements made during August indicated that groundwater discharge in the reach of the river bordering the Reservation resulted in a flow gain of about 20 percent. Analysis of long-term streamflow records showed that near-average hydrologic conditions prevailed during the study period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri894045","usgsCitation":"Payne, G.A., 1989, Flow characteristics of the Clearwater River and tributaries from Clearbrook to Plummer, northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4045, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894045.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57937,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.08,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.125,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.125,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.33,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.08,\n              47.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.08,\n              48\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aefaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, G. A.","contributorId":62190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29205,"text":"wri894010 - 1989 - Hydrologic evaluation and water-supply considerations for five Paiute Indian land parcels, Millard, Sevier, and Iron counties, southwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri894010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4010","title":"Hydrologic evaluation and water-supply considerations for five Paiute Indian land parcels, Millard, Sevier, and Iron counties, southwestern Utah","docAbstract":"The hydrologic resources in and adjacent to five parcels of land held in trust for the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah were evaluated. The land, located in southwestern Utah, is generally arid and has had only limited use for grazing. The parcels are located near the towns of Cove Fort, Joseph, Koosharem, and Kanarraville. On the basis of available geohydrologic and hydrologic data, water of suitable quality is locally available in the areas of all parcels for domestic, stock, recreation, and limited irrigation use. Developing this water for use on the parcels would potentially involve obtaining water rights, drilling wells, and constructing diversion structures. Surface water apparently is the most favorable source of supply available for the Joseph parcel, and groundwater apparently is the most favorable source of supply available for the other parcels. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894010","usgsCitation":"Price, D., Stephens, D.W., and Conroy, L., 1989, Hydrologic evaluation and water-supply considerations for five Paiute Indian land parcels, Millard, Sevier, and Iron counties, southwestern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4010, v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894010.","productDescription":"v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58064,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, L.S.","contributorId":6051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29302,"text":"wri884005 - 1989 - Suspended-sediment yields from an unmined area and from mined areas before and after reclamation in Pennsylvania, June 1978-September 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T08:10:45","indexId":"wri884005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4005","title":"Suspended-sediment yields from an unmined area and from mined areas before and after reclamation in Pennsylvania, June 1978-September 1983","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, has collected hydrologic data from areas in Tioga, Clearfield, and Fayette Counties to determine the effects of surface coal mining on sediment yields. The data were collected from June 1978 through September 1983. Rainfall, streamflow and suspended-sediment data were collected with automatic recording and sampling equipment. Data were collected in Tioga County from an agricultural area that was unaffected by mining and from a forested area prior to surface mining. Data were collected from two areas affected by active surface mining in Tioga County and from an area in Clearfield County being mined by the contour-surface method. Data also were collected from three areas, Tioga, Clearfield, and Fayette Counties, during and after reclamation. The efficiencies of sediment-control pounds in Clearfield and Fayette Counties also were determined. The average annual sediment yield from the agricultural area in Tioga County, which was 35 percent forested, was 0.48 ton per acre per year, and the yield from the forested area prior to mining was 0.0036 ton per acre per year. The average annual sediment yields from the areas affected by active surface mining were 22 tons per acre from the improved haul road and 148 tons per acre from the unimproved haul road. \r\n\r\nThe average annual sediment yield from the site in Clearfield County that had been prepared for mining was 6.3 tons per acre. The average annual sediment yield from the same site while it was being mined by the contour method was 5.5 tons per acre per year. The sediment-control pond reduced the average annual sediment yield to 0.50 ton per acre while the site was prepared for mining and to 0.14 ton per acre while the site was being mined. Because the active surface mining reduced the effective drainage area to the pond, the sediment yield decreased from 0.50 to 0.14 ton per acre. \r\n\r\nAverage annual suspended-sediment yields from the reclaimed site in Tioga County were 1.0 ton per acre during the first year, when vegetation was becoming established, and 0.037 ton per acre during the second year, when vegetation was well established. The average annual sediment yield below a 21.2-acre, reclaimed, surface mine in Clearfield County that had been mined by the contour method was 15 tons per acre during the first year when vegetation was becoming established. However, the average annual sediment yield below a sediment-control pond at this reclaimed site in Clearfield County was 0.30 ton per acre. \r\n\r\nData collected from a 4.2-acre reclaimed area that had been surface mined by the block-cut method in Fayette County showed that annual sediment yields from the area were 77 tons per acre in 1981 (no vegetation), 32 tons per acre in 1982 (sparse vegetation), and 1.0 ton per acre in 1983 (well-esatablished vegetation). The average annual yield below a sediment-control pond at the mine site in Fayette County was 0.19 ton per acre during the 27 months of data collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884005","usgsCitation":"Reed, L., and Hainly, R., 1989, Suspended-sediment yields from an unmined area and from mined areas before and after reclamation in Pennsylvania, June 1978-September 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4005, viii, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884005.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hainly, R.A.","contributorId":45732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29458,"text":"wri894067 - 1989 - Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri894067","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4067","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Kentucky","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of a study of the cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Kentucky. The total surface-water program includes 97 daily-discharge stations , 12 stage-only stations, and 35 crest-stage stations and is operated on a budget of $950,700. One station used for research lacks adequate source of funding and should be discontinued when the research ends. Most stations in the network are multiple-use with 65 stations operated for the purpose of defining hydrologic systems, 48 for project operation, 47 for definition of regional hydrology, and 43 for hydrologic forecasting purposes. Eighteen stations support water quality monitoring activities, one station is used for planning and design, and one station is used for research. The average standard error of estimation of streamflow records was determined only for stations in the Louisville Subdistrict. Under current operating policy, with a budget of $223,500, the average standard error of estimation is 28.5%. Altering the travel routes and measurement frequency to reduce the amount of lost stage record would allow a slight decrease in standard error to 26.9%. The results indicate that the collection of streamflow records in the Louisville Subdistrict is cost effective in its present mode of operation. In the Louisville Subdistrict, a minimum budget of $214,200 is required to operate the current network at an average standard error of 32.7%. A budget less than this does not permit proper service and maintenance of the gages and recorders. The maximum budget analyzed was $268,200, which would result in an average standard error of 16.9% indicating that if the budget was increased by 20%, the percent standard error would be reduced 40 %. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri894067","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, K., 1989, Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4067, v, 57 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894067.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4067/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58303,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68462c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, K.J.","contributorId":35322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29906,"text":"wri894086 - 1989 - Sediment transport and accretion and the hydrologic environment of Grove Creek near Kenansville, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:49:58","indexId":"wri894086","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4086","title":"Sediment transport and accretion and the hydrologic environment of Grove Creek near Kenansville, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Grove Creek basin includes an area of about 42 square miles in Duplin County, southeastern North Carolina. This report evaluates sediment transport and sediment-accretion rates in the lowermost 9-mile reach of Grove Creek by using hydrologic, dendrologic, and radioisotopic data collected at seven sites along the study reach.\r\n\r\nHydrologic data indicate two discharge frequencies. In the swampiest reaches downstream of site 5, inundation occurs 35 percent of the time; above this site, inundation occurs about 15 percent of the time. For the period from October 1982 through September 1987, overbank flows at site 4 occurred 82 times and lasted a total of 632 days with a maximum duration of 3 months.\r\n\r\nDistribution of tree species indicates that water-tolerant bald cypress have developed along the lowermost 7 miles of Grove Creek where the flood plain is inundated 35 percent of the time. These swampy conditions have been in existence across limited parts of the flood plain for the last 80 to 150 years. In contrast, the upstream sites have been comparatively dry for the same period.\r\n\r\nThe sediment that is transported in Grove Creek is predominately silt and clay. Measured suspended-sediment concentrations at discharges less than 100 cubic foot per second are less than 15 milligrams per liter; concentrations at higher discharges did not exceed 67 milligrams per liter. Calculated suspended-sediment loads ranged from 75 to 444 tons per year at the various data-collection sites on Grove Creek.\r\n\r\nSediment-accretion rates estimated from dendrologic data ranged from 0.03 foot per year to 0.06 foot per year. The highest accretion rates occur in the downstream swampy reaches and are due to channel braiding, low channel gradients and flow velocities, and high frequency and duration percentages of overbank flow, which result in the deposition of clay and silt over wide areas of the flood plain.\r\n\r\nSediment-accretion rates along Grove Creek were also estimated by radioisotope methods. Sediment cores from the flood plain showed detectable levels of cesium-137, lead-210, and radium-226. Cesium-137 was not present in the sediment cores below a depth of 10 inches; this indicates a maximum accretion rate of about 0.024 foot per year for the period 1952-87. Lead-210 and radium-226 data from these same sediment cores indicate an average accretion rate of 0.026 foot per year to a depth of about 2 feet. The maximum age of the flood-plain sediment at the 2-foot level is about 80 years. The atmosphere was confirmed as the source of excess lead-210 in flood-plain sediments by nearly matching calculated values of the lead-210 flux at each site with the measured value for atmospheric deposition.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894086","usgsCitation":"Stamey, T.C., 1989, Sediment transport and accretion and the hydrologic environment of Grove Creek near Kenansville, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4086, iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894086.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58723,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Kenansville","otherGeospatial":"Grove Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.8338,35.1781],[-77.769,35.146],[-77.7521,35.108],[-77.7484,35.0221],[-77.7303,35.0076],[-77.6786,34.9726],[-77.6509,34.9243],[-77.685,34.7392],[-77.6852,34.7328],[-77.6806,34.7205],[-77.919,34.715],[-77.9244,34.7214],[-77.9361,34.7239],[-77.944,34.7227],[-77.9541,34.7192],[-77.9621,34.7153],[-77.9653,34.7203],[-77.9697,34.7209],[-77.9737,34.7187],[-77.9765,34.7183],[-77.9793,34.7169],[-77.9849,34.7166],[-77.9989,34.7182],[-78.0033,34.721],[-78.0104,34.7288],[-78.0176,34.7312],[-78.0249,34.7286],[-78.0289,34.7251],[-78.044,34.7271],[-78.0618,34.7288],[-78.0787,34.7241],[-78.1011,34.7258],[-78.1129,34.7224],[-78.1232,34.7139],[-78.1339,34.7091],[-78.135,34.71],[-78.1493,34.7202],[-78.1974,34.7428],[-78.1938,34.7559],[-78.1793,34.8011],[-78.1732,34.8201],[-78.1684,34.8345],[-78.1672,34.8382],[-78.1466,34.9023],[-78.1483,34.926],[-78.1487,34.9319],[-78.1496,34.9401],[-78.15,34.9478],[-78.1539,34.9969],[-78.1551,35.0396],[-78.1597,35.0801],[-78.1712,35.0934],[-78.1707,35.1152],[-78.1629,35.1374],[-78.1639,35.1896],[-78.077,35.175],[-78.0445,35.1927],[-78.0259,35.1942],[-78.0186,35.194],[-78.0057,35.1911],[-77.9867,35.1844],[-77.9823,35.1812],[-77.9787,35.1707],[-77.9703,35.166],[-77.9546,35.1652],[-77.9448,35.1728],[-77.9302,35.1739],[-77.9202,35.1696],[-77.9113,35.1645],[-77.9098,35.1581],[-77.9015,35.1521],[-77.8971,35.1488],[-77.8895,35.1582],[-77.8855,35.1618],[-77.8338,35.1781]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Duplin\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamey, T. C.","contributorId":95496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30594,"text":"wri884223 - 1989 - Geohydrology of the Escondido hydrologic subarea, San Diego County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:12","indexId":"wri884223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4223","title":"Geohydrology of the Escondido hydrologic subarea, San Diego County, California","docAbstract":"The San Diego region of California is undergoing rapid growth with a corresponding increase in the demand for water. To update the basin plan developed in 1975 by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region, water-level and water quality data for the 44-sq mi Escondido hydrologic subarea were collected and analyzed. Water-level measurements indicate that groundwater in most of the subarea was within 20 ft of land surface. Groundwater generally moves from the weathered crystalline rocks on hillsides into the alluvium. Groundwater moves from north to south in Reidy Canyon and from east to west in the alluvium along Escondido Creek. Water from all 20 wells sampled in 1987 had dissolved-solids concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limit of 500 mg/L; concentrations ranged from 720 to 4,500 mg/L. Nitrate (as nitrogen) concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 86 mg/L. Water from 14 of the 20 wells had nitrate (as nitrogen) concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Agency recommended limit of 10 mg/L. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884223","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., 1989, Geohydrology of the Escondido hydrologic subarea, San Diego County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4223, iv, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884223.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59352,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, L. R. 0000-0003-3500-4709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":36945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30614,"text":"wri894004 - 1989 - Water quality and supply on Cortina Rancheria, Colusa County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri894004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4004","title":"Water quality and supply on Cortina Rancheria, Colusa County, California","docAbstract":"Cortina Rancheria covers an area of 1 sq mi in Colusa County, California, near the western edge of the Sacramento Valley. Local sources of water for residents of the rancheria are of poor quality or limited availability. Domestic needs are presently met by water from a hand-dug well and from a drilled well with a potential yield of 15 gal/min. Water from both wells fails to meet California State drinking-water standards, primarily because of high concentrations of chloride and dissolved solids. High concentrations of sodium and boron pose additional problems for agricultural use of the water. The dissolved ions originate in Upper Cretaceous marine sediments of the Cortina Formation, which occurs at or near land surface throughout the rancheria. Small quantities of fresh groundwater may occur locally in the Tehama Formation which overlies the Cortina Formation in the eastern part of the rancheria. Canyon Creek, the largest stream on the rancheria, flows only during winter and spring. Water from one of the rancheria 's three springs meet drinking water standards, but it almost stops flowing in summer. The generally poor quality of ground and surface water on the rancheria is typical of areas along the west side of the Sacramento Valley. Additional hydrologic information could indicate more precisely the quantity and quality of surface and groundwater on Cortina Rancheria. Principal features of a possible data-collection program would include monitoring of discharge and water quality in three springs and in Canyon Creek, electromagntic terrain conductivity surveys, and monitoring of water levels and quality in two existing wells and several proposed test wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies may be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri894004","usgsCitation":"Yates, E., 1989, Water quality and supply on Cortina Rancheria, Colusa County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4004, iv, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894004.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59381,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f323d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, E.B.","contributorId":77973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30632,"text":"wri884065 - 1989 - Hydrology of the Oakley Fan Area, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T14:23:37","indexId":"wri884065","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4065","title":"Hydrology of the Oakley Fan Area, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"The Oakley Fan area is a broad, crescent-shaped lowland along the southern margin of the Snake River Plain in south-central Idaho. Intensive groundwater development for irrigation has resulted in rapid water-level declines and, as a consequence, designation by the State of four Critical Groundwater Areas. Principal aquifers are in limestone, rhyolite, basalt, and alluvium. Annual water-level declines range from 3 ft to about 5 ft. Recharge to the groundwater system is from infiltration of surface water used for irrigation, precipitation on the surrounding mountains, infiltration of localized runoff, and upward movement of thermal water. Groundwater pumpage during the period 1979-84 averaged 173,000 acre-ft/yr. Surface and groundwater is predominantly a calcium bicarbonate type with variable concentrations of dissolved solids. Comparisons of silica and chloride concentrations and isotopic composition of groundwater were useful in determining areal extent of aquifers and movement of groundwater. A three-dimensional mathematical model of the Oakley Fan area was developed. The aquifer system was simulated in three phases: (1) Average 1979-84 hydrologic conditions, (2) 1910 hydrologic conditions, and (3) 1910-84 hydrologic conditions. Model simulation indicated that, for the period 1945-79, subsurface outflow declined from 327,000 acre-ft/yr to 215,000 acre-ft/yr. Simulated groundwater pumpage during the period 1945-79 was 3,000,000 acre-ft; simulated change in storage was 250,000 acre-ft. Simulations with the model approximate natural conditions and probably can be used to evaluate future changes in the hydrologic system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Southwest Irrigation District","usgsCitation":"Young, H., and Newton, G.D., 1989, Hydrology of the Oakley Fan Area, south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4065, Report: v, 73 p.; 4 Plates: 31.50 x 36.38 and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884065.","productDescription":"Report: v, 73 p.; 4 Plates: 31.50 x 36.38 and smaller","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4065/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59394,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4065/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59395,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4065/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59396,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4065/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59397,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4065/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59398,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Oakley Fan Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,41.75 ], [ -114.5,42.75 ], [ -113.5,42.75 ], [ -113.5,41.75 ], [ -114.5,41.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, G. D.","contributorId":43374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":34526,"text":"b1789 - 1989 - Geology and ground-water hydrology of Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington, with implications for lake retention","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-04T18:52:23.687525","indexId":"b1789","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1789","title":"Geology and ground-water hydrology of Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington, with implications for lake retention","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1789","usgsCitation":"Glicken, H.X., Meyer, W., and Sabol, M.A., 1989, Geology and ground-water hydrology of Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington, with implications for lake retention: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1789, Report: iv, 33 p.; 3 Plates: 41.00 × 29.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1789.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; 3 Plates: 41.00 × 29.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":62404,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1789/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62403,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1789/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62402,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1789/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62401,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1789/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1789/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":109796,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21936.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21936"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St, Helens, Spirit Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.23594665527342,\n              46.22284011773094\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14530944824217,\n              46.22284011773094\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14530944824217,\n              46.28503762859978\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23594665527342,\n              46.28503762859978\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23594665527342,\n              46.22284011773094\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glicken, Harry X.","contributorId":83580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glicken","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, William","contributorId":87538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabol, Martha A.","contributorId":80334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38400,"text":"pp1464 - 1989 - Summary of the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Land Management national coal-hydrology program, 1974-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T18:21:22.304751","indexId":"pp1464","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1464","title":"Summary of the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Land Management national coal-hydrology program, 1974-84","docAbstract":"<p>During the decade 1974-84, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management cooperated on investigations to collect information and to study hydrologic processes related to development and mining of federally owned coal. In addition, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted similar investigations related to nonfederally owned coal. As a result of these nationwide investigations, a large quantity of hydrologic information and data has been collected and compiled in more than 500 reports. This report summarizes the major findings and accomplishments that have resulted from data-collection activities, hydrologic studies, and research concerned with the effects of coal mining on water resources.</p><p>This summary report includes: (1) A description of the Nation's coal and water-resource issues related to coal development, including history, objectives, and design of the coal-hydrology program; (2) a summary of the hydrologic information collected in the major coal provinces and published in more than 500 reports and journal articles; and (3) a summary and application of results obtained from topical studies undertaken throughout the program, including discussions on watershed modeling, salinity modeling, ground-water flow systems, geochemistry of mine spoils, mine drainage, sedimentation, and aquatic biology. A detailed coal-hydrology reference list concludes the report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1464","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"1989, Summary of the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Land Management national coal-hydrology program, 1974-84: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1464, Report: vii,183 p.; 1 Plate: 28.00 × 20.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1464.","productDescription":"Report: vii,183 p.; 1 Plate: 28.00 × 20.00 inches","numberOfPages":"192","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":64766,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1464/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":104658,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":38435,"text":"pp1404B - 1989 - Hydrogeologic framework of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16692,"text":"ofr84730 - 1984 - Hydrogeologic framework of the New Jersey coastal plain","indexId":"ofr84730","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the New Jersey coastal plain"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38435,"text":"pp1404B - 1989 - Hydrogeologic framework of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","indexId":"pp1404B","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the New Jersey Coastal Plain"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T13:43:49.49535","indexId":"pp1404B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1404","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a water-resources, oriented subsurface mapping program within the Coastal Plain of New Jersey.  The occurrence and configuration of 15 regional  hydrogeologic units have been defined, primarily on the basis of an interpretation of borehole geophysical data.  The nine aquifers and six confining beds are composed of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel and range in age from Cretaceous to Quaternary.\r\n\r\nElectric and gamma-ray logs from more than 1,000 Coastal Plain wells were examined.  Of these, interpretive data for 302 sites were selected, on the basis of logged depth, quality of data, and data distribution, to prepare structure contour and thickness maps for each aquifer and a thickness map for each confining bed.  These maps, together with 14 hydrogeologic sections, show the geometry, lateral extent, and vertical and horizontal relationships among the 15 hydrogeologic units.  \r\n\r\nThe hydrogeologic maps and sections show that distinct lower, middle, and upper aquifers are present within the Potomac, Raritan-Magothy aquifer system near the Delaware River from Burlington County to Salem County.  Although the lower aquifer is recognized only in this area, the middle aquifer extends into the northeastern Coastal Plain of New Jersey, where it is stratigraphically equivalent to the Farrington aquifer.  The upper aquifer extends throughout most of the New Jersey Coastal Plain and is stratigraphically equivalent to the Old Bridge aquifer in the northeastern Coastal Plain.  The overlying Merchantville-Woodbury confining bed is the most regionally extensive confining bed within the New Jersey Coastal Plain.  Its thickness ranges from less than 100 feet near the outcrop to more than 450 feet along the coast.  The Englishtown aquifer system acts as a single aquifer throughout most of its subsurface extent, but it contains two water-bearing sands in pars of Monmouth and Ocean Counties.  The overlying Marshalltown-Wenonah confining bed is a thin, leaky unit ranging in thickness from approximately 20 to 80 feet.  The Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer is identified in the subsurface throughout the New Jersey Coastal Plain southeast of its outcrop  area.  \r\n\r\nSediments that overlie the Wenonah-Mount Lauren aquifer and that are subjacent to the major aquifers within the Kirkwood Formation and the Cohansey Sand are described hydrologically as a composite confining bed.  These include the Navesink Formation, Red Bank Sand, Tinton Sand, Hornerstown Sand, Vincentown Formation, Manasquan Formation, Shark River Formation, and Piney Point Formation and the basal clay of the Kirkwood Formation.. The Vincentown Formation functions as n aquifer within 3 to 10 miles downdip of its outcrop area.  In areas farther downdip the Vincentown Formation functions as a confining bed.  The Piney Point aquifer is laterally persistent from the southern New Jersey Coastal Plain northward into parts of Burlington and Ocean Counties.  The Atlantic City 800-foot sand of the Kirkwood Formation can be recognized in the subsurface along coastal areas of Cape May, Atlantic, and southern Ocean Counties, but inland only as far west as the extent of the overlying confining bed.  In areas west of the extent of the overlying confining bed, the Kirkwood Formation is in hydraulic connection with the overlying Cohansey Sand and younger surficial deposits and functions as an unconfined aquifer.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional aquifer-system analysis - Northern Atlantic coastal plain (Professional Paper 1404)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1404B","usgsCitation":"Zapecza, O.S., 1989, Hydrogeologic framework of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404, Report: vi, 49 p.; 24 plates: 20.25 x 27.68 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1404B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 49 p.; 24 plates: 20.25 x 27.68 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104627,"rank":27,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":38519,"text":"pp1352 - 1989 - Investigations of the characteristics, origin, and residence time of the upland residual mantle of the Piedmont of Fairfax County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:16","indexId":"pp1352","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1352","title":"Investigations of the characteristics, origin, and residence time of the upland residual mantle of the Piedmont of Fairfax County, Virginia","docAbstract":"Undisturbed cores of upland regolith developed from a variety of crystalline rocks of the Piedmont province in Fairfax County, Va., have been obtained by using a combination of Shelby tubes, Denison sampler, and modified diamond core drilling. The core study correlated variations in chemistry, mineralogy, and texture with engineering properties throughout individual weathering profiles and contrasted these parameters among weathering profiles developed from various parent rocks. Coring sites were chosen to obtain a maximum depth of weathering on diverse lithologies. The rocks that were investigated included metapelite, metagraywacke, granite, diabase, and serpentinite. Four to twelve samples per core were selected for analysis of petrography, texture, clay mineralogy, and major-element chemistry. The number of samples was determined on the basis of (1) the thickness of the weathering profile (from about 1 m in serpentinite to more than 30 m in pelitic schist) and (2) megascopic changes in the weathering profile. Shear strength and compressibility were determined on corresponding segments of core. Standard penetration tests were performed adjacent to coring sites to evaluate in-place engineering properties. \r\n\r\nThe regolith profiles on all rocks can be subdivided into soil, massive subsoil, saprolite, and weathered rock zones. Major differences in thicknesses of these zones are related to parent rock. Total regolith thickness is related to saprolite thickness. Saprolite is thickest on quartzofeldspathic metapelite, metagraywacke, and granite; thinner on diabase; and thinnest on serpentinite. Thickness of saprolite is related to rock structure and mineralogy. \r\n\r\nGeochemical changes of saprolite developed from each rock type follow predictable trends from fresh rock to soil profile, with increases in Ti, AI, Fe 3 +, and H 2 0+relative to absolute losses of Si, Fe2+, Mg, Ca, and Na. These variations are more pronounced in the weathering profiles above mafic and ultramafic rocks than in those above metagraywacke. Clay minerals in granite, schist, and metagraywacke saprolites are kaolinite, dioctahedral vermiculite, interlayered mica-vermiculite, and minor illite. Gibbsite is developed in near-surface samples of schist. \r\n\r\nStandard penetration test data for the upper 7 m of saprolite above schist, metagraywacke, and granite suggest alternations between stronger and weaker horizons that correlate with megascopic ally identified zones: soil, massive subsoil, and saprolite. The data correlate with density. Shear strength increases fairly regularly downward in the weathering profile. The engineering behavior of diabase saprolite is controlled by a dense, plastic, near-surface clay layer (montmorillonite and kaolinite) overlying rock that is weathered to a granular state (grus); the engineering properties of serpentinite are controlled by a very thin weathering profile. \r\n\r\nSimilarities in regolith thickness, zonation, mineralogy, and chemistry of quartzofeldspathic rocks indicate the existence of fundamental geochemical and geomechanical controls on regolith evolution on the Piedmont upland. Data from the profiles of quartzofeldspathic regolith are used to construct a model suggesting the principal rate-control steps in the development and downwasting of the upland regolith. This model is consistent with available information about Piedmont hydrology and tectonic uplift.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1352","usgsCitation":"Pavich, M., Leo, G.W., Obermeier, S., and Estabrook, J., 1989, Investigations of the characteristics, origin, and residence time of the upland residual mantle of the Piedmont of Fairfax County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1352, 58 p., 3 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1352.","productDescription":"58 p., 3 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1352/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65256,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1352/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65257,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1352/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65258,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1352/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1352/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leo, G. W.","contributorId":102899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leo","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obermeier, S. F.","contributorId":17602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estabrook, J.R.","contributorId":41423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estabrook","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":38531,"text":"pp1370A - 1989 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12310,"text":"ofr84738 - 1985 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste; basis of characterization and evaluation","indexId":"ofr84738","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste; basis of characterization and evaluation"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38531,"text":"pp1370A - 1989 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation","indexId":"pp1370A","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T15:48:37","indexId":"pp1370A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1370","chapter":"A","title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation","docAbstract":"<p>The geologic and hydrologic factors in selected regions of the Basin and Range province were examined to identify prospective areas for further study that may provide isolation of high-level radioactive waste from the accessible environment. The six regions selected for study were characterized with respect to the following guidelines: (1) Potential repository media; (2) Quaternary tectonic conditions; (3) climatic change and geomorphic processes; (4) ground-water conditions; (5) ground-water quality; and (6) mineral and energy resources.</p><p>The repository medium will function as the first natural barrier to radionuclide travel by virtue of associated slow ground-water velocity. The principal rock types considered as host media include granitic, intermediate, and mafic intrusive rocks; argillaceous rocks; salt and anhydrite; volcanic mudflow (laharic) breccias; some intrusive rhyolitic plugs and stocks; partially zeolitized tuff; and metamorphic rocks. In the unsaturated zone, the permeability and hydrologic properties of the rocks and the hydrologic setting are more important than the rock type. Media ideally should be permeable to provide drainage and should have a minimal water flux</p><p>The ground-water flow path from a repository to the accessible environment needs to present major barriers to the transport of radionuclides. Factors considered in evaluating the ground-water conditions include ground-water traveltimes and quality, confining beds, and earth materials favorable for retardation of radionuclides. </p><p>Ground-water velocities in the regions were calculated from estimated hydraulic properties of the rocks and gradients. Because site-specific data on hydraulic properties are not available, data from the literature were assembled and synthesized to obtain values for use in estimating ground-water velocities. Hydraulic conductivities for many rock types having granular and fracture permeability follow a log-normal distribution. Porosity for granular and very weathered crystalline rock tends to be normally distributed; porosity of fractured crystalline rock probably follows a log-normal distribution.</p><p>The tectonic setting needs to prevent an increase in radionuclides to the accessible environment. Data on historic seismicity and heat flow, Quaternary faults, volcanism, and uplift were used to assess the tectonic conditions. Long-term late Cenozoic rates of vertical crustal movement in the Basin and Range province range from less than 2 meters per 104 years to greater than 20 meters per 104 years. Shortterm rates of vertical movement may be more than an order of magnitude greater, based on geodetic leveling. Changes in tectonic and climatic processes may potentially cause changes in hydrologic conditions and geomorphology that could affect the integrity of a deep, mined repository either adversely or beneficially.</p><p>The transition from a full-glacial climate to the current interglacial condition has occurred within the past 15,000 years. Reconstructions of the last full-glacial climate indicate that, at that time, there was greater water availability for runoff and vegetation growth than there is now. Based on the increased water availability and depending on seasonal distribution of precipitation, on soil characteristics, on topography, and on other characteristics, ground-water recharge during the full-glacial climate is estimated to have been possibly 2 to 10 or more times the modern rate. During the full-glacial climate, more than 100 lakes occupied closed basins in the province. Any increase in ground-water recharge and refilling of Pleistocene lakes will tend to decrease the distance of ground-water flow and its time of travel. The unsaturated zone this zone is considered a potential host medium where the thickness is greater than 150 m will be decreased by these changes. In contrast, incision of streams and other geomorphic, tectonic, or climatically induced changes that lower the ground-water discharge level will tend to increase the thickness of the unsaturated zone. Aggradation in basinal troughs may either decrease or increase the thickness of the unsaturated zone. Aggradation in basins that causes the ground-water discharge level to rise will tend to decrease the thickness of unsaturated zone in the adjacent uplands; aggradation in basins where the ground-water discharge level remains the same or is lowered will increase the unsaturated thickness of basin fill.</p><p>Records show that, throughout late Cenozoic time in the Basin and Range province, continued vertical crustal movements have tended to maintain mountain ranges and closed basins, whereas aggradation of the basins and erosion of the mountain ranges have tended to decrease the topographic relief. Maximum rates of denudation for small basins in areas climatically similar to the Basin and Range province are about 2 meters per 104 years. For sites unaffected by stream incision and scarp retreat, a conservative estimate of erosion affecting long-term changes in depth of burial would appear to be 2 meters per 104 years, or, equal to the long-term rate of vertical crustal movement where greater than 2 meters per 104 years. The response of the ground-water conditions to climatic and geomorphically induced boundary conditions is significant from the points of: (1) The potential maximum change in the ground-water flow system; (2) the time of response of the ground-water system; and (3) the present state of the ground-water system as a result of past changes. Effects of longterm climatic and tectonic changes on hydrologic and geomorphic conditions differ from area to area, and rates of change of geomorphic and hydrologic conditions may vary significantly. Therefore, sitespecific studies need to be made to assess the long-term integrity of deep, mined repositories. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1370A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Sargent, K.A., Langer, W.H., Sherman, F.B., Reed, J., and Brady, B.T., 1989, Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1370, Report: vi, 41 p.; Plate: 34.00 in. x 32.00 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1370A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 41 p.; Plate: 34.00 in. x 32.00 in.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A41","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104611,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4821.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4821"},{"id":120236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65293,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65294,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a24e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, K. A.","contributorId":58630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":220006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherman, Frank B.","contributorId":16495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brady, B. T.","contributorId":93047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":41146,"text":"ofr89258 - 1989 - Physical and chemical data from two water-quality surveys of streams in the Lewisville Lake watershed, north-central Texas, 1984 and 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-16T20:06:23.346473","indexId":"ofr89258","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-258","title":"Physical and chemical data from two water-quality surveys of streams in the Lewisville Lake watershed, north-central Texas, 1984 and 1985","docAbstract":"<p>Physical and chemical water-quality data and nitrogen and phosphorus yields for 29 sites sampled in two synoptic surveys of streams within the Lewisville Lake watershed are presented in this report. The two synoptic surveys were conducted in March 1984 and March 1985, as a reconnaissance and assessment of water quality and nitrogen and phosphorus yields throughout the watershed. This work was cooperatively funded by the city of Dallas and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of a hydrologic study to quantify nonpoint nutrient loads to Lewisville Lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas","usgsCitation":"Gain, W.S., 1989, Physical and chemical data from two water-quality surveys of streams in the Lewisville Lake watershed, north-central Texas, 1984 and 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-258, 2 Plates: 26.72 x 17.59 inches and 27.16 x 17.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89258.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 26.72 x 17.59 inches and 27.16 x 17.44 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr89258.JPG"},{"id":387931,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17616.htm"},{"id":78985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0258/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":78986,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0258/plate-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lewisville Lake watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.652,\n              33.0600\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6890,\n              33.0600\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6890,\n              33.7390\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.652,\n              33.7390\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6520,\n              33.0600\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":224569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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