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Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) are the preferred prey species of the top piscivore predators in the Lake Ontario food web and are an essential constituent in the bioaccumulation of persistent organic contaminants. Year-class samples collected in 2016 represent the alewife age ranges of 2015 (Age-01) sequentially dating back to 2008 (Age-08). The most abundant contaminant measured in Lake Ontario alewife (151.5 ng/g) were total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), increasing at a rate of 11.8 ng/g per year on an age-averaged concentration basis. Total mercury demonstrated the largest percent increase (240%) accumulated over alewife ages of 1–8 years. Average total concentrations of the most abundant polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomer (2378-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1.3 pg/g) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomer (2378-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran (2378-TCDF), 6.6 pg/g) comprised most of the overall total dioxin (2.5 pg/g) and total furan concentrations (8.7 pg/g). The vast majority (69%) of alewife total toxic equivalence (TEQ) was comprised of the non-ortho coplanar PCBs. Both mammal and avian wildlife protection values based on total TEQ were uniformly exceeded for the dioxin-like compounds measured in Lake Ontario alewife. Ontogenetic dietary influences expressed a significant impact on Age-01 alewife age-contaminant relationships and age-stable isotope concentrations and trends for legacy contaminants. Total Hg and all dioxin-like contaminants did not demonstrate the Age-01 ontogenetic dietary effects found in legacy contaminants. A prominent polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) concentration peak measured in year-class Age-04 alewife was followed by a corresponding lake trout peak 3–4 years later illustrating a unique example of trophic-level contaminant uptake and concomitant integration delay.

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2021 - Mapping out a future for ungulate migrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T20:45:22.28195","indexId":"70228932","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T10:49:06","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping out a future for ungulate migrations","docAbstract":"

Migration of ungulates (hooved mammals) is a fundamental ecological process that promotes abundant herds, whose effects cascade up and down terrestrial food webs. Migratory ungulates provide the prey base that maintains large carnivore and scavenger populations and underpins terrestrial biodiversity (fig. S1). When ungulates move in large aggregations, their hooves, feces, and urine create conditions that facilitate distinct biotic communities. The migrations of ungulates have sustained humans for thousands of years, forming tight cultural links among Indigenous people and local communities. Yet ungulate migrations are disappearing at an alarming rate (1). Efforts by wildlife managers and conservationists are thwarted by a singular challenge: Most ungulate migrations have never been mapped in sufficient detail to guide effective conservation. Without a strategic and collaborative effort, many of the world's great migrations will continue to be truncated, severed, or lost in the coming decades. Fortunately, a combination of animal tracking datasets, historical records, and local and Indigenous knowledge can form the basis for a global atlas of migrations, designed to support conservation action and policy at local, national, and international levels.

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Steffen","contributorId":225490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zuther","given":"Steffen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41147,"text":"Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":91}]}} ,{"id":70222336,"text":"70222336 - 2021 - Correlation of porosity variations and rheological transitions on the southern Cascadia megathrust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-22T15:20:11.893595","indexId":"70222336","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T10:12:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of porosity variations and rheological transitions on the southern Cascadia megathrust","docAbstract":"

The unknown onshore extent of megathrust earthquake rupture in the Cascadia subduction zone represents a key uncertainty in earthquake hazard for the Pacific Northwest that is governed by the physical state and mechanical properties of the plate interface. The Cascadia plate interface is segmented into an interseismically locked zone located primarily offshore that is expected to rupture in large earthquakes, a region of aseismic slow slip at greater depth, and an intervening transition zone of uncertain rupture potential. Here we image the evolution of the ratio of seismic compressional to shear wave velocities from the locked zone to the transition zone, which is related to changes in fluid content of the plate boundary zone, using a dense onshore–offshore seismic dataset from southernmost Cascadia. The locked zone shows evidence of high fluid content implying a high porosity, yet the downdip transition zone shows an order of magnitude lower porosity. This strong variation is consistent with models that contain a ductile region between the earthquake rupture and slow slip zones that would inhibit onshore propagation of future large earthquake ruptures and hence reduce seismic hazard.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/s41561-021-00740-1","usgsCitation":"Guo, H., McGuire, J., and Zhang, H., 2021, Correlation of porosity variations and rheological transitions on the southern Cascadia megathrust: Nature Geoscience, v. 14, no. 5, p. 341-348, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00740-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"348","ipdsId":"IP-106445","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone, Mendocino triple junction","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.925048828125,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 40.96330795307353\n ],\n [\n -126.925048828125,\n 40.96330795307353\n ],\n [\n -126.925048828125,\n 39.85915479295669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Hao","contributorId":261277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Hao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52789,"text":"Univ. of Science and Technology of China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-9235-2166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-2166","contributorId":219786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Haijiang","contributorId":174443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Haijiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36359,"text":"University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222510,"text":"70222510 - 2021 - TrendPowerTool: A lookup tool for estimating the statistical power of a monitoring program to detect population trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T14:27:22.853972","indexId":"70222510","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T09:25:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5803,"text":"Conservation Science and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TrendPowerTool: A lookup tool for estimating the statistical power of a monitoring program to detect population trends","docAbstract":"

A simulation-based power analysis can be used to estimate the sample sizes needed for a successful monitoring program, but requires technical expertise and sometimes extensive computing resources. We developed a web-based lookup app, called TrendPowerTool (https://www.usgs.gov/apps/TrendPowerTool/), to provide guidance for ecological monitoring programs when resources are not available for a simulation-based power analysis. TrendPowerTool is implemented through the shiny package in R, but is accessible through a webpage without the need for users to install any software. By drawing on results of 1.4 million scenarios that we simulated on a supercomputer, TrendPowerTool quickly and easily provides an estimate of the statistical power to detect a population trend of a particular magnitude with a planned monitoring program, based on user-specified parameters for the monitoring design and population of interest. TrendPowerTool provides a user-friendly interface that retrieves results instantaneously, facilitating the important step of conducting a power analysis when designing monitoring programs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.445","usgsCitation":"Weiser, E.L., Diffendorfer, J., Lopez-Hoffman, L., Semmens, D., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2021, TrendPowerTool: A lookup tool for estimating the statistical power of a monitoring program to detect population trends: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 3, e445, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.445.","productDescription":"e445, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119582","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.445","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiser, Emily L. 0000-0003-1598-659X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1598-659X","contributorId":206605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiser","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopez-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":231064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":28236,"text":"Univ of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":64201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220370,"text":"ofr20211036 - 2021 - Survival and growth of suckers in mesocosms at three locations within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-07T19:39:47.723836","indexId":"ofr20211036","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T08:23:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1036","displayTitle":"Survival and Growth of Suckers in Mesocosms at Three Locations Within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018","title":"Survival and growth of suckers in mesocosms at three locations within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018","docAbstract":"

Executive Summary

Due to high mortality in the first year or two of life, Lost River (Deltistes luxatus sp.) and Shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris sp.) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon rarely reach maturity. In 2015, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began the Sucker Assisted Rearing Program (SARP) to improve early life survival before releasing the fish back into Upper Klamath Lake. Survival and growth rates were compared for fish in mesocosms among three potential release or in-lake rearing sites, and in a pond at the SARP rearing facility. Fish used in this study included a mix of Lost River, Shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers reared at either U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or Klamath Tribes fish rearing facilities. These sites were Shoalwater Bay (SWB), Rattlesnake Point (RPT), and Cove Point (CPT). Ninety-nine to 103 suckers tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT) were placed into each mesocosm for up to 80 days and up to 103 days in the SARP pond. Cessation of movement, as determined by passive detection of tagged fish on remote antennas, indicated mortality. Dissolved-oxygen saturation, temperature, and pH were tracked hourly in each mesocosm. All the suckers placed into the SWB mesocosm died during an extreme hypoxia event. These fish were replaced with another 120 PIT-tagged and 2 untagged hatchery-reared Lost River suckers from the Klamath Tribes Fish Research Facility (KTFRF), of which, all but two died during a second extreme hypoxia event. It was determined that SWB was an unsuitable site for summertime release or rearing of juvenile suckers in 2018. The summer survival rate was ≥86 percent at CPT, RPT, and the SARP pond. Suckers in the SARP pond grew slightly slower and gained less weight relative to increases in length than suckers held at RPT and CPT. All suckers sampled at the start of the study from both the SARP facility and the KTFRF, when water temperatures averaged approximately 18–22 degrees Celsius (°C), were infected with low levels of the gill parasite Ichthyobodo sp. Ichthyobodo sp. was detected on only 1 of 16 suckers sampled from CPT, RPT, and the SARP pond in late September or early October when water temperatures were approximately 16–19 °C, indicating fish were able to shed the parasite in cooler temperatures. Water quality conditions at RPT and CPT were adequate for in-lake rearing of SARP suckers in 2018. Due to interannual differences in water quality conditions, these sites may not be suitable in all years. Future research focused on the suitability of RPT, CPT and other potential sites under in years with varying conditions would be beneficial for improving sucker in-lake rearing practices. Additional research could help to elucidate how size at entry into the mesocosms affects sucker survival.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., Conway, C.M., Ostberg, C.O., Bart, R.J., and Elliott, D.G., 2021, Survival and growth of suckers in mesocosms at three locations within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1036, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211036.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119761","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1036/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385518,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1036/ofr20211036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1036"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.79031372070312,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 42.39810802339276\n ],\n [\n -121.95098876953125,\n 42.6147595985433\n ],\n [\n -122.12265014648438,\n 42.48627657532139\n ],\n [\n -121.96884155273436,\n 42.34129022434778\n ],\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -121.81365966796874,\n 42.22139878761366\n ],\n [\n -121.79031372070312,\n 42.24478535602799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2021-05-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Carla M. 0000-0002-3851-3616 cmconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3616","contributorId":2946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Carla","email":"cmconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458 costberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":3031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","email":"costberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bart, Ryan J. 0000-0003-0310-0667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0310-0667","contributorId":223561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":815273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220322,"text":"sir20215021 - 2021 - Hydraulic characterization of carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:34:47.405035","indexId":"sir20215021","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T07:51:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5021","displayTitle":"Hydraulic Characterization of Carbonate-Rock and Basin-Fill Aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, Northeastern Nevada","title":"Hydraulic characterization of carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada","docAbstract":"

Understanding groundwater flow and pumping effects near pending mining operations requires accurate subsurface hydraulic characterization. To improve conceptual models of groundwater flow and development in the complex hydrogeologic system near Long Canyon Mine, in northwestern Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada, the U.S. Geological Survey characterized the hydraulic properties of carbonate rocks and basin-fill aquifers using an integrated analysis of steady-state and stressed aquifer conditions informed by water chemistry and aquifer-test data. Hydraulic gradients and groundwater-age data in northern Goshute Valley indicate carbonate rocks in the Pequop Mountains just west and south of the Long Canyon Mine project area constitute a more permeable and active flow system than saturated rocks in the northern Pequop Mountains, western Toano Range, and basin fill. Permeable carbonate rocks in the northern Pequop Mountains, in part, discharge to the Johnson Springs wetland complex (JSWC), where mean groundwater ages range from 500 to 2,400 years and samples all contain a small fraction of modern waters, relative to mean ages of 8,600 to more than 22,000 years for most groundwater sampled to the north and east. Recharge to the JSWC occurs from a roughly 27-square-mile area in the upgradient Pequop Mountains to the west, composed mostly of permeable carbonate rock and fractured quartzite, and bounded by low-permeability shales and marbleized and siliclastic rocks.

Single-well aquifer-test analyses provided transmissivity estimates at pumped wells. Transmissivity estimates ranged from 7,000 to 400,000 feet squared per day (ft2/d) in carbonate rocks and from 2,000 to 80,000 ft2/d in basin fill near the Long Canyon Mine. Water-level drawdown from multiple-well aquifer testing and rise from unintentional leakage into the overlying basin-fill aquifer were estimated and distinguished from natural fluctuations in 93 pumping and monitoring sites using analytical water-level models. Leakage of disposed aquifer-test pumpage occurred south of the aquifer test area through an unlined irrigation ditch. Drawdown was detected at distances of as much as 3 miles (mi) from pumping wells at all but one carbonate-rock site, at basin-fill sites on the alluvial fan immediately downgradient from pumping wells, and in Big Spring and spring NS-05. Similar drawdowns in carbonate rocks within the drawdown detection area suggest all wells penetrate a highly transmissive zone (HTZ) that is bounded by low-permeability rocks. Drawdown was not detected in carbonate rocks to the west of Canyon fault, in any basin-fill sites on the valley floor east of the Hardy fault, or at volcanic sites to the north, indicating that these major fault structures and (or) permeability contrasts between hydrogeologic units impeded groundwater flow or obscured pumping signals. Alternatively, unintentional leakage might have obscured drawdown at basin-fill sites on the valley floor, where water-level rise was detected at nine sites over 3 mi.

Consistent hydraulic properties were estimated by simultaneously interpreting steady-state flow during predevelopment conditions and changes in groundwater levels and springflows from the 2016 carbonate-rock aquifer test with an integrated groundwater-flow model. Hydraulic properties were distributed across carbonate rocks, basin fill, volcanic rocks, and siliciclastic rocks with a hydrogeologic framework developed from geologic mapping and hydraulic testing. Estimated transmissivity distributions spanned at least three orders of magnitude in each rock unit. In the HTZ, simulated transmissivities ranged from 10,000 to 23,000,000 ft2/d, with the most transmissive areas occurring around Big Spring. Comparatively low carbonate-rock transmissivities of less than 10,000 ft2/d were estimated in the northern Pequop Mountains and poorly defined values of less than 1,000 ft2/d were estimated in the western Toano Range. Transmissivities in basin fill ranged from less than 10 to 80,000 ft2/d and were minimally constrained by the 2016 carbonate-rock aquifer test because poorly quantified leakage affected water levels more so than pumping. The most transmissive areas were informed by single-well aquifer tests along the eastern edge of the Pequop Mountains near Long Canyon Mine and could be indicative of a hydraulic connection between basin fill and more transmissive underlying carbonate rocks. Simulated transmissivities of volcanic and low-permeability rocks mostly are less than 1,000 ft2/d. The estimated hydraulic-property distributions and informed interpretation of hydraulic connections among hydrogeologic units improved the characterization and representation of groundwater flow near the Long Canyon Mine.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., Halford, K.J., Gardner, P.M., and Smith, D.W., 2021, Hydraulic characterization of carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5021, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215021.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 99 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-094004","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397361,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5021/sir20215021.XML"},{"id":397360,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5021/images"},{"id":385454,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P1P7QV","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Appendixes and supplemental data—Hydraulic characterization of carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada, 2011–16."},{"id":385453,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JI8NQF","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-2005 and PEST models used to simulate the 2016 carbonate-rock aquifer test and characterize hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada."},{"id":385451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5021/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385452,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5021/sir20215021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Goshute Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.98840332031249,\n 40.55554790286311\n ],\n [\n -114.2633056640625,\n 40.55554790286311\n ],\n [\n -114.2633056640625,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -114.98840332031249,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -114.98840332031249,\n 40.55554790286311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2021-05-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David W. 0000-0002-9543-800X dwsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-800X","contributorId":1681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dwsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220397,"text":"70220397 - 2021 - Using next generation sequencing of alpine plants to improve fecal metabarcoding diet analysis for Dall’s sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-12T11:52:00.593454","indexId":"70220397","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T06:43:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":958,"text":"BMC Research Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using next generation sequencing of alpine plants to improve fecal metabarcoding diet analysis for Dall’s sheep","docAbstract":"

Objectives

Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) are important herbivores in the mountainous ecosystems of northwestern North America, and recent declines in some populations have sparked concern. Our aim was to improve capabilities for fecal metabarcoding diet analysis of Dall’s sheep and other herbivores by contributing new sequence data for arctic and alpine plants. This expanded reference library will provide critical reference sequence data that will facilitate metabarcoding diet analysis of Dall’s sheep and thus improve understanding of plant-animal interactions in a region undergoing rapid climate change.

Data description

We provide sequences for the chloroplast rbcL gene of 16 arctic-alpine vascular plant species that are known to comprise the diet of Dall’s sheep. These sequences contribute to a growing reference library that can be used in diet studies of arctic herbivores.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13104-021-05590-z","usgsCitation":"Williams, K.E., Menning, D.M., Wald, E.J., Talbot, S.L., Rattenbury, K.L., and Prugh, L., 2021, Using next generation sequencing of alpine plants to improve fecal metabarcoding diet analysis for Dall’s sheep: BMC Research Notes, v. 14, 173, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05590-z.","productDescription":"173, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124845","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05590-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Kelly E. 0000-0003-1275-5761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-5761","contributorId":257954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menning, Damian M. 0000-0003-3547-3062 dmenning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3062","contributorId":205131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menning","given":"Damian","email":"dmenning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, Eric J.","contributorId":257955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wald","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rattenbury, Kumi L.","contributorId":257956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rattenbury","given":"Kumi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prugh, Laura R.","contributorId":257957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prugh","given":"Laura R.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70267302,"text":"70267302 - 2021 - Responses of vertebrate wildlife to oil and natural gas development: Patterns and frontiers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-20T17:17:49.319926","indexId":"70267302","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5476,"text":"Current Landscape Ecology Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of vertebrate wildlife to oil and natural gas development: Patterns and frontiers","docAbstract":"

Purpose of Review

Anthropogenic activities can lead to the loss, fragmentation, and alteration of wildlife habitats. I reviewed the recent literature (2014–2019) focused on the responses of avian, mammalian, and herpetofaunal species to oil and natural gas development, a widespread and still-expanding land use worldwide. My primary goals were to identify any generalities in species’ responses to development and summarize remaining gaps in knowledge. To do so, I evaluated the directionality of a wide variety of responses in relation to taxon, location, development type, development metric, habitat type, and spatiotemporal aspects.

Recent Findings

Studies (n = 70) were restricted to the USA and Canada, and taxonomically biased towards birds and mammals. Longer studies, but not those incorporating multiple spatial scales, were more likely to detect significant responses. Negative responses of all types were present in relatively low frequencies across all taxa, locations, development types, and development metrics but were context-dependent. The directionality of responses by the same species often varied across studies or development metrics.

Summary

The state of knowledge about wildlife responses to oil and natural gas development has developed considerably, though many biases and gaps remain. Studies outside of North America and that focus on herpetofauna are lacking. Tests of mechanistic hypotheses for effects, long-term studies, assessment of response thresholds, and experimental designs that isolate the effects of different stimuli associated with development, remain critical. Moreover, tests of the efficacy of habitat mitigation efforts have been rare. Finally, investigations of the demographic effects of development across the full annual cycle were absent for non-game species and are critical for the estimation of population-level effects.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s40823-021-00065-0","usgsCitation":"Chalfoun, A.D., 2021, Responses of vertebrate wildlife to oil and natural gas development: Patterns and frontiers: Current Landscape Ecology Reports, v. 6, p. 71-84, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40823-021-00065-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-125857","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40823-021-00065-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.99133325913138,\n 48.99530882529015\n ],\n [\n -115.94775136101576,\n 47.635070317007006\n ],\n [\n -114.71798520155821,\n 46.75535562272523\n ],\n [\n -114.49414972872306,\n 45.45998234056832\n ],\n [\n -113.96758226906417,\n 45.524482366283685\n ],\n [\n -113.60221411335195,\n 44.681702439031596\n ],\n [\n -111.32527287492972,\n 44.560953493263426\n ],\n [\n -110.95041014777493,\n 41.06914399002384\n ],\n [\n -103.87530651855269,\n 41.10554283282917\n ],\n [\n -103.94967923279542,\n 45.96760028626089\n ],\n [\n -96.46530149091419,\n 46.097634685465835\n ],\n [\n -97.09333137335523,\n 49.05935053469682\n ],\n [\n -115.99133325913138,\n 48.99530882529015\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. 0000-0002-0219-6006 achalfoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-6006","contributorId":197589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":937676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70262542,"text":"70262542 - 2021 - eDNA metabarcoding outperforms traditional fisheries sampling and reveals fine-scale heterogeneity in a temperate freshwater lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-23T17:19:54.530829","indexId":"70262542","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T11:14:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5840,"text":"Environmental DNA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"eDNA metabarcoding outperforms traditional fisheries sampling and reveals fine-scale heterogeneity in a temperate freshwater lake","docAbstract":"

Understanding biodiversity in aquatic systems is critical to ecological research and conservation efforts, but accurately measuring species richness using traditional methods can be challenging. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, which uses high-throughput sequencing and universal primers to amplify DNA from multiple species present in an environmental sample, has shown great promise for augmenting results from traditional sampling to characterize fish communities in aquatic systems. Few studies, however, have compared exhaustive traditional sampling with eDNA metabarcoding of corresponding water samples at a small spatial scale. We intensively sampled Boardman Lake (1.4 km2) in Michigan, USA, from May to June in 2019 using gill and fyke nets and paired each net set with lake water samples collected in triplicate. We analyzed water samples using eDNA metabarcoding with 12S and 16S fish-specific primers and compared estimates of fish diversity among methods. In total, we set 60 nets and analyzed 180 1 L lake water samples. We captured a total of 12 fish species in our traditional gear and detected 40 taxa in the eDNA water samples, which included all the species observed in nets. The 12S and 16S assays detected a comparable number of taxa, but taxonomic resolution varied between the two genes. In our traditional gear, there was a clear difference in the species selectivity between the two net types, and there were several species commonly detected in the eDNA samples that were not captured in nets. Finally, we detected spatial heterogeneity in fish community composition across relatively small scales in Boardman Lake with eDNA metabarcoding, but not with traditional sampling. Our results demonstrated that eDNA metabarcoding was substantially more efficient than traditional gear for estimating community composition, highlighting the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for assessing species diversity and informing management and conservation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/edn3.197","usgsCitation":"Gehri, R., Larson, W., Gruenthal, K., Sard, N., and Shi, Y., 2021, eDNA metabarcoding outperforms traditional fisheries sampling and reveals fine-scale heterogeneity in a temperate freshwater lake: Environmental DNA, v. 3, no. 5, p. 919-929, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.197.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"919","endPage":"929","ipdsId":"IP-120930","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.197","text":"External Repository"},{"id":481011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Boardman Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.76069598432639\n ],\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.73083633270895\n ],\n [\n -85.604420992646,\n 44.73083633270895\n ],\n [\n -85.604420992646,\n 44.76069598432639\n ],\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.76069598432639\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehri, Rebecca R.","contributorId":349609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehri","given":"Rebecca R.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gruenthal, Kristen","contributorId":349610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gruenthal","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sard, Nicholas","contributorId":243196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sard","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":48660,"text":"SUNY Oswego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shi, Yue","contributorId":349037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Yue","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220253,"text":"70220253 - 2021 - Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T16:20:59.899733","indexId":"70220253","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:45:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","title":"Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"

The timing of life history events in many plants and animals depends on the seasonal fluctuations of specific environmental conditions. Climate change is altering environmental regimes and disrupting natural cycles and patterns across communities. Anadromous fishes that migrate between marine and freshwater habitats to spawn are particularly sensitive to shifting environmental conditions and thus are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. However, for many anadromous fish species the specific environmental mechanisms driving migration and spawning patterns are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the upstream spawning migrations of river herring Alosa spp. in 12 coastal Massachusetts streams. By analyzing long-term data sets (8–28 years) of daily fish counts, we determined the local influence of environmental factors on daily migration patterns and compared seasonal run dynamics and environmental regimes among streams. Our results suggest that water temperature was the most consistent predictor of both daily river herring presence–absence and abundance during migration. We found inconsistent effects of streamflow and lunar phase, likely due to the anthropogenic manipulation of flow and connectivity in different systems. Geographic patterns in run dynamics and thermal regimes suggest that the more northerly runs in this region are relatively vulnerable to climate change due to migration occurring later in the spring season, at warmer water temperatures that approach thermal maxima, and during a narrower temporal window compared to southern runs. The phenology of river herring and their reliance on seasonal temperature patterns indicate that populations of these species may benefit from management practices that reduce within-stream anthropogenic water temperature manipulations and maintain coolwater thermal refugia.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10301","usgsCitation":"Legett, H., Jordaan, A., Roy, A.H., Sheppard, J., Somos-Valenzuela, M., and Staudinger, M., 2021, Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 4, p. 501-513, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10301.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"513","ipdsId":"IP-122758","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10301","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.91125488281249,\n 42.879989517714826\n ],\n [\n -70.82611083984375,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -70.65032958984375,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -70.5596923828125,\n 42.64002037386321\n ],\n [\n -70.62286376953124,\n 42.70867781741311\n ],\n [\n -70.78216552734375,\n 42.938328528472546\n ],\n [\n -70.91125488281249,\n 42.879989517714826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 41.87365126992505\n ],\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 41.469486382476376\n ],\n [\n -70.40313720703125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -69.84832763671875,\n 41.67496335351134\n ],\n [\n -69.90325927734375,\n 41.83478149415483\n ],\n [\n -70.125732421875,\n 41.83887416186901\n ],\n [\n -70.3948974609375,\n 41.76721469421018\n ],\n [\n -70.609130859375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -70.71624755859374,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 41.87365126992505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legett, Henry","contributorId":257708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legett","given":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":257709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheppard, John","contributorId":257712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheppard","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":52088,"text":"MA DMF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo","contributorId":257713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Somos-Valenzuela","given":"Marcelo","affiliations":[{"id":52089,"text":"Universidad de La Frontera","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":206655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70262200,"text":"70262200 - 2021 - Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-15T16:30:27.357865","indexId":"70262200","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:24:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers","docAbstract":"

Aim

To evaluate the ability of precipitation-based environmental DNA (eDNA) sample collection and mitochondrial 12S metabarcoding sequencing to reconstruct well-studied fish communities in lakes and rivers. Specific objectives were to 1) determine correlations between eDNA species detections and known community composition based on conventional field sampling, 2) compare efficiency of eDNA to detect fish biodiversity among systems with variable morphologies and trophic states, and 3) determine if species habitat preferences predict eDNA detection.

Location

Upper Great Lakes Region, North America.

Methods

Fish community composition was estimated for seven lakes and two Mississippi River navigation pools using sequence data from the mitochondrial 12S gene amplified from 10 to 50 water samples per waterbody collected in 50-mL centrifuge tubes at a single time point. Environmental DNA (eDNA) was concentrated without filtration by centrifuging samples to reduce per-sample handling time. Taxonomic detections from eDNA were compared to established community monitoring databases containing up to 40 years of sampling and a detailed habitat/substrate preference matrix to identify patterns of bias.

Results

Mitochondrial 12S gene metabarcoding detected 15%–47% of the known species at each waterbody and 30%–76% of known genera. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) assessment of the community structure indicated that eDNA-detected communities grouped in a similar pattern as known communities. Discriminant analysis of principal components indicated that there was a high degree of overlap in habitat/substrate preference of eDNA-detected and eDNA-undetected species suggesting limited habitat bias for eDNA sampling.

Main conclusions

Large numbers of small volume samples sequenced at the mitochondrial 12S gene can describe the coarse community structure of freshwater systems. However, additional conventional sampling and environmental DNA sampling may be necessary for a complete diversity census.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13253","usgsCitation":"Euclide, P., Lor, Y., Spear, M., Tajjioui, T., Vander Zanden, M., Larson, W., and Amberg, J., 2021, Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1966-1980, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13253.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1966","endPage":"1980","ipdsId":"IP-124028","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13253","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.69650645627553,\n 42.67261502369823\n ],\n [\n -87.50037188847926,\n 44.96099256889755\n ],\n [\n -88.12421244787475,\n 45.82427169426791\n ],\n [\n -90.90876519937515,\n 46.80434775293887\n ],\n [\n -92.74682473245406,\n 46.577434240390176\n ],\n [\n -92.71276788305403,\n 44.70480675177035\n ],\n [\n -91.11604087595344,\n 43.46353667736918\n ],\n [\n -91.4600402858816,\n 42.70232293796812\n ],\n [\n -90.81653570303575,\n 41.91372416048236\n ],\n [\n -91.73687842169363,\n 40.83446553068484\n ],\n [\n -91.1461518055107,\n 40.30547432621668\n ],\n [\n -89.98143751284452,\n 42.22475699654589\n ],\n [\n -87.69650645627553,\n 42.67261502369823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euclide, Peter T.","contributorId":348493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euclide","given":"Peter T.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lor, Yer 0000-0002-5738-2412","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-2412","contributorId":210011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lor","given":"Yer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spear, Michael J.","contributorId":348494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spear","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tajjioui, Tariq 0000-0002-0113-0451","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-0451","contributorId":215091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tajjioui","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vander Zanden, M. Jake","contributorId":348495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"M. Jake","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70229746,"text":"70229746 - 2021 - Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T15:08:34.373821","indexId":"70229746","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:03:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach","docAbstract":"

An in situ bioassay approach was used to determine whether aquatic contaminant stressors in a large Atlantic river ecosystem affect the survival of 3 fish species: the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, juveniles), the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, adults), and the robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum, juveniles). Hatchery-propagated fish were placed into cages to assess site-specific survival in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina, USA. Contaminants were measured in caged fish and sediment and surface water at each site. No apparent longitudinal trends in fish survival were detected, and contaminant concentrations varied among sites. Juvenile largemouth bass and robust redhorse did not survive past 13 and 23 d, with corresponding Kaplan-Meier median survival estimates of 9.7 and 12.1 d, respectively. Survival of adult fathead minnows deployed in cages alongside the juvenile fish averaged 43% at the end of the 28-d exposure, with a 22-d median survival estimate. The intersex condition, an indicator of endocrine disruption, was not observed in any adult fathead minnow. Contaminant accumulation in surviving fathead minnows was apparent, with highest accumulated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (34.6–93.4 ng/g dry wt), organochlorine pesticides (19.9–66.1 ng/g dry wt), and mercury (0.17–0.63 μg/g dry wt). Contaminants and other water quality stressors in this river system appear to detrimentally impact juvenile fish survival, with presumed effects at the fish assemblage and community levels. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5104","usgsCitation":"Grieshaber, C.A., Cope, W., Kwak, T.J., Penland, T.N., Heise, R., and Law, J., 2021, Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 40, no. 8, p. 2206-2219, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5104.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2206","endPage":"2219","ipdsId":"IP-128449","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Yadkin-Pee Dee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 34.161818161230386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grieshaber, C. A.","contributorId":275797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grieshaber","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W. G.","contributorId":275793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cope","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penland, T. N.","contributorId":275792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heise, R. J.","contributorId":275798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heise","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[{"id":48960,"text":"Duke Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Law, J. M.","contributorId":288662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Law","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236715,"text":"70236715 - 2021 - Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T13:54:15.7826","indexId":"70236715","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T08:49:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California","docAbstract":"

We studied a paleoseismic trench excavated in 2017 across the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault and herein provide the first detailed record of ground-breaking earthquakes on this important fault in Southern California. The trench exposed an ~40-m-wide fault zone cutting through alluvial sand, gravel, silt, and clay deposits. We evaluated the paleoseismic record using a new metric that combines event indicator quality and stratigraphic uncertainty. The most recent paleoearthquake occurred between 950 and 730 calibrated years B.P. (cal yr B.P.), potentially contemporaneous with the last rupture of the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone. We interpret five surface-rupturing earthquakes since 3.3–2.5 ka and eight earthquakes since 7.1–5.7 ka. It is possible that additional events have occurred but were not recognized, especially in the deeper (older) section of the stratigraphy, which was not fully exposed across the fault zone. We calculated an average recurrence interval of 380–640 yr based on four complete earthquake cycles between earthquakes 1 and 5. The average recurrence interval is thus slightly less than the elapsed time since the most recent event on the Banning strand. The average recurrence interval on the Banning strand is thus intermediate between longer intervals published for the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone (~1600 yr) and shorter intervals on both the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault (~215 yr) and the Coachella section (~125 yr) of the San Andreas fault.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02237.1","usgsCitation":"Castillo, B.A., McGill, S.F., Scharer, K., Yule, D., McPhillips, D., McNeil, J., Saha, S., Brown, N.D., and Moon, S., 2021, Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California: Geosphere, v. 117, no. 3, p. 685-710, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02237.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"710","ipdsId":"IP-122126","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02237.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"North Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.08840942382812,\n 33.72776616734189\n ],\n [\n -116.55120849609375,\n 34.028762179464465\n ],\n [\n -116.71463012695311,\n 33.93082707134273\n ],\n [\n -116.23947143554688,\n 33.631772324639655\n ],\n [\n -116.08840942382812,\n 33.72776616734189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castillo, Bryan A.","contributorId":264628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castillo","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGill, Sally F. 0000-0001-7176-7055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-7055","contributorId":264627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGill","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36956,"text":"California State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, Doug","contributorId":239568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yule","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36305,"text":"CSU Northridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhillips, Devin 0000-0003-1987-9249","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-9249","contributorId":217362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhillips","given":"Devin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNeil, James","contributorId":296611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNeil","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36305,"text":"CSU Northridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Saha, Sourav 0000-0001-7106-2936","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-2936","contributorId":264624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saha","given":"Sourav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Nathan D. 0000-0002-7385-8679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-8679","contributorId":264626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moon, Seulgi 0000-0001-5207-1781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1781","contributorId":264625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Seulgi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70221147,"text":"70221147 - 2021 - Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T19:02:28.450766","indexId":"70221147","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T08:27:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","title":"Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","docAbstract":"

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) use sea ice to access marine mammal prey. In Alaska’s Southern Beaufort Sea, the declining availability of sea ice habitat in summer and fall has reduced opportunities for polar bears to routinely hunt on the ice for seals, their primary prey. This reduced access to prey may result in physiological stress with subsequent potential consequences to reproductive function (physiological changes that accompany reproduction), which can be measured via reproductive hormones. Hormone concentrations in hair can be used as a minimally invasive alternative to serum concentrations, which must come from animal captures. Hair samples also provide a long-term average measurement of hormone concentrations that is not influenced by short-term fluctuations like that of serum. The aim of this study was (1) to determine if a radioimmunoassay could be used to measure adrenal and reproductive hormones in polar bear hair, and (2) to determine what the relationship is between these hormones and other reproductive, condition, and demographic parameters of polar bears. We successfully validated this method for cortisol, progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone through the analysis of hair and serum of 141 free-ranging polar bears. We found that while hair cannot be used to estimate serum hormone concentrations during the breeding season, hormone concentrations in hair can be used to measure reproductive function in polar bears. Further, our findings support trends in previous studies measuring hormone concentrations in serum. We found that adrenal and some reproductive hormones were positively correlated in hair samples of females. Associations between hormone concentrations in hair and serum did not vary relative to reproductive status of adult females. Serum testosterone increased throughout the breeding season for adult males and was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI). Our research supports the use of hair as a measure of reproductive function in polar bears and allows us to monitor the future effects of climate change on polar bear physiology.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113807","usgsCitation":"Van der Walt, M., Neuman-Lee, L., Terletzky, P., Atwood, T.C., Gese, E., and French, S., 2021, Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus): General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 310, 113807, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113807.","productDescription":"113807, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119642","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/2454","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Southern Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 69.17818443567214\n ],\n [\n -125.3759765625,\n 69.17818443567214\n ],\n [\n -125.3759765625,\n 74.9707914022581\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 74.9707914022581\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 69.17818443567214\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"310","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Walt, Marilize","contributorId":259224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van der Walt","given":"Marilize","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39139,"text":"Utah State University and the Ecology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuman-Lee, Lorin","contributorId":199061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neuman-Lee","given":"Lorin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terletzky, Patricia","contributorId":199062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terletzky","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gese, Eric","contributorId":199063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gese","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"French, Susannah","contributorId":199067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"French","given":"Susannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70222490,"text":"70222490 - 2021 - Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T13:04:31.964357","indexId":"70222490","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T08:01:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams","docAbstract":"

Riparian forests regulate stream ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, changes to riparian structure may threaten stream ecosystem function by triggering taxonomic and functional changes to aquatic communities. Because macroinvertebrate assemblages are sensitive to environmental changes, they can be effective indicators of stream integrity in disturbed landscapes. To assess the role of riparian forests in maintaining tropical stream communities in areas experiencing large-scale watershed disturbance, we quantified the taxonomic and functional response of stream macroinvertebrate communities to forest clearing in the southeastern Amazon’s agricultural frontier, a region experiencing widespread deforestation. Our results show that watershed deforestation can lead to significant changes in macroinvertebrate richness and community composition. We found a predominance of shredders in forested watersheds; scrapers in cropland watersheds with riparian forests; and collector-filterers in cropland watersheds without riparian forest buffers. Taxonomic composition was controlled by available organic material in forested watersheds and by periphyton in cropland sites regardless of whether they had a riparian buffer. Our results show that the clearing of riparian forests alters food sources supporting aquatic food webs, leading to ecosystem-level shifts through changes in light and temperature dynamics that affect aquatic communities in areas with intense land-use change such as the southeastern Amazon.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-021-04604-y","usgsCitation":"Marques, N.C., Jankowski, K.J., Macedo, M., Juen, L., Luiza-Andrade, A., and Deegan, L.A., 2021, Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams: Hydrobiologia, v. 848, p. 3503-3520, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04604-y.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3503","endPage":"3520","ipdsId":"IP-122857","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Tanguro Ranch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -54.140625,\n -20.055931265194438\n ],\n [\n -43.9453125,\n -20.055931265194438\n ],\n [\n -43.9453125,\n -12.297068292853805\n ],\n [\n -54.140625,\n -12.297068292853805\n ],\n [\n -54.140625,\n -20.055931265194438\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"848","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marques, Nubia C.S. 0000-0001-9183-9335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-9335","contributorId":261625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marques","given":"Nubia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.S.","affiliations":[{"id":52936,"text":"Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jankowski, Kathi Jo 0000-0002-3292-4182","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-4182","contributorId":207429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"Kathi","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macedo, Marcia N.","contributorId":218934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macedo","given":"Marcia N.","affiliations":[{"id":16705,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juen, Leandro 0000-0002-6188-4386","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-4386","contributorId":261626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juen","given":"Leandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52939,"text":"Universidade Federal do Para","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luiza-Andrade, Ana","contributorId":261627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luiza-Andrade","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52939,"text":"Universidade Federal do Para","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deegan, Linda A.","contributorId":34094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deegan","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27818,"text":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220449,"text":"70220449 - 2021 - Stopover ecology of red knots in southwestern James Bay during southbound migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T18:53:10.924923","indexId":"70220449","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:57:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stopover ecology of red knots in southwestern James Bay during southbound migration","docAbstract":"

Many shorebirds rely on small numbers of staging sites during long annual migrations. Numerous shorebird species are declining and understanding the importance of these staging sites is important for successful conservation. We surveyed endangered rufa red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) staging in James Bay, Ontario, Canada, during southbound migration in 2017 and 2018. We used mark‐resight data and count data in an integrated Bayesian analysis to quantify migration phenology, estimate passage population size, and model the age structure of the stopover population. Many adult red knots arrived in James Bay in a single wave in early August in 2017, whereas adult red knots arrived in multiple smaller waves in July and mid‐August in 2018. These waves may correspond with breeding phenology where more red knots bred successfully and arrived in one large event in 2017 and the higher number of earlier arrivals in July 2018 may have been failed breeders. We included a binomial generalized linear model in the integrated analysis to estimate that 20% and 10% of staging red knots were juveniles in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In future applications, this method could provide a metric to assess breeding performance and develop our understanding of its role in population declines. Overall, we estimated that up to 23% of the estimated rufa red knot population staged in southwestern James Bay for an average of 10–12 days. The region is a key staging site for endangered red knots and could be included in conservation planning. 

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22059","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, A., Smith, P., Friis, C., Lyons, J., Aubry, Y., and Nol, E., 2021, Stopover ecology of red knots in southwestern James Bay during southbound migration: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 5, p. 932-944, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22059.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"932","endPage":"944","ipdsId":"IP-123446","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"James Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 51.17934297928927\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 51.17934297928927\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 55.229023057406344\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 55.229023057406344\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 51.17934297928927\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Amie 0000-0002-6424-7761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-7761","contributorId":258022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Amie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36679,"text":"Trent University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Paul","contributorId":147639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friis, Christian","contributorId":194605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friis","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, James E. 0000-0002-9810-8751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-8751","contributorId":210574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aubry, Yves","contributorId":202279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aubry","given":"Yves","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nol, Erica","contributorId":216259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nol","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36679,"text":"Trent University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70221102,"text":"70221102 - 2021 - Runoff response to directional land cover change across reference basins in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T11:55:21.447072","indexId":"70221102","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:16:47","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Runoff response to directional land cover change across reference basins in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

Land cover change plays a critical role in influencing hydrological responses. Change in land cover has impacted runoff across basins with substantial human interference; however, the impacts in basins with minimal human interference have been studied less. In this study, we investigated the impacts of directional land cover changes (forest to/from combined grassland and shrubland) in runoff coefficient (RC; ratio of runoff to precipitation) and runoff volume across 603 low human interference reference basins in the conterminous United States (CONUS). The results indicate basins with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends in runoff and RC were across the northeast and northwest regions of CONUS, and basins with decreasing trends were in the southern CONUS region. A unit percent increase in basin area from grassland and shrubland to forest was associated with a ∼4% decrease in RC across basins with decreasing RC trends. Similarly, a unit percent increase in basin area from forest to a combined grassland and shrubland was associated with a ∼1% increase in RC across increasing RC trend basins. Runoff volume was decreased (increased) by ∼25 × 106 m3 yr−1 (∼9 × 106 m3 yr−1) across basins with decreasing (increasing) trends in runoff and RC. When relating runoff volume with the area of directional land cover changes, each 1 km2 increase in area from grassland and shrubland to forest resulted in a decrease of ∼530,000 m3 runoff volume across basins with decreasing trends. In contrast, each 1 km2 increase in area from forest to grassland and shrubland increased runoff volume by ∼200,000 m3 across increasing trend basins. Basins in the southern region of CONUS were more impacted by runoff parameters (RC and runoff volume) from directional land cover changes than basins in the northern region. The findings of this study are useful for planning and managing water availability for sustainable and adaptive water resources management at regional scales.

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senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220394,"text":"70220394 - 2021 - Associations between private well water and community water supply arsenic concentrations in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T14:00:13.220699","indexId":"70220394","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:13:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations between private well water and community water supply arsenic concentrations in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

Geogenic arsenic contamination typically occurs in groundwater as opposed to surface water supplies. Groundwater is a major source for many community water systems (CWSs) in the United States (US). Although the US Environmental Protection Agency sets the maximum contaminant level (MCL enforceable since 2006: 10 μg/L) for arsenic in CWSs, private wells are not federally regulated. We evaluated county-level associations between modeled values of the probability of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L and CWS arsenic concentrations for 2231 counties in the conterminous US, using time invariant private well arsenic estimates and CWS arsenic estimates for two time periods. Nationwide, county-level CWS arsenic concentrations increased by 8.4 μg/L per 100% increase in the probability of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L for 2006–2008 (the initial compliance monitoring period after MCL implementation), and by 7.3 μg/L for 2009–2011 (the second monitoring period following MCL implementation) (1.1 μg/L mean decline over time). Regional differences in this temporal decline suggest that interventions to implement the MCL were more pronounced in regions served primarily by groundwater. The strong association between private well and CWS arsenic in Rural, American Indian, and Semi Urban, Hispanic counties suggests that future research and regulatory support are needed to reduce water arsenic exposures in these vulnerable subpopulations. This comparison of arsenic exposure values from major private and public drinking water sources nationwide is critical to future assessments of drinking water arsenic exposure and health outcomes.

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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Navas-Acien, Ana","contributorId":257950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Navas-Acien","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52179,"text":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nigra, Anne E","contributorId":257951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nigra","given":"Anne E","affiliations":[{"id":52179,"text":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70222398,"text":"70222398 - 2021 - Growth and defense characteristics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) in a high-elevation, disturbance-prone mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T11:53:28.997024","indexId":"70222398","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:11:50","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Growth and defense characteristics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) in a high-elevation, disturbance-prone mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana, USA","title":"Growth and defense characteristics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) in a high-elevation, disturbance-prone mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana, USA","docAbstract":"

Recent, widespread tree mortality in the western U.S. resulting from changes in climate, pathogens, insect activity, and forest management practices has led to concerns for many ecologically and culturally important species. Within conifers, resin-based defenses have long been recognized as a primary defense mechanism against a variety of insects and pathogens. Oleoresin produced by trees contain complex mixtures of terpenoids that have numerous insecticidal and fungicidal properties. Research has also identified links between resin duct characteristics and increased probability of survival during bark beetle outbreaks. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a culturally significant high elevation species that provides numerous ecological services within subalpine and alpine ecosystems. Whitebark pine has co-evolved with a suite of biotic and abiotic disturbances. Individual trees allocate resources towards growth and resin-based defenses, making it a good candidate species to evaluate growth and defense relationships and tradeoffs. In this study we compared constitutive resin chemistry, tree growth and resin duct anatomy between similarly aged whitebark and lodgepole pine (P. contorta var latifolia) growing in proximity within a disturbance-prone, mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana. These two host species have varying degrees of historical exposure to mountain pine beetle. Our research yields four important findings. First, we did not find evidence of a tradeoff between tree growth and tree defenses (resin duct morphology and resin chemistry). This suggests that trees growing under favorable field conditions can experience high growth rates and still allocate ample resources towards defense. Second, we found that resin ducts and constitutive mono- and sesqui- terpenes were not correlated in lodgepole pine while duct production and area were positively related to constitutive monoterpenes, and duct size and area were positively related to constitutive sesquiterpenes, in whitebark pine. The lack of distinct, consistent relationships between these defensive features suggests that both whitebark and lodgepole pine trees present beetles with numerous, complex combinations of resin-based defenses. Third, based on constitutive terpene profiles, bark beetles are more likely to enter lodgepole pine but more likely to successfully elicit mass attacks in whitebark pine, which agrees with beetle attack and success patterns observed in the field. Fourth, overstory competition, particularly by Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), can influence tree defenses, specifically by reducing constitutive terpene concentrations in lodgepole and whitebark pine. Competitive tree interactions could lead to altered bark beetle-conifer interactions as host and nonhost species migrate in response to changing climate. Our results suggest that strategies designed to support whitebark pine populations can benefit from better understanding interactions among growth, competition and physical and chemical defenses in response to multiple disturbance.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119286","usgsCitation":"Kichas, N., Trowbridge, A.M., Raffa, K.F., Malone, S.C., Hood, S.M., Everett, R.G., McWethy, D.B., and Pederson, G.T., 2021, Growth and defense characteristics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) in a high-elevation, disturbance-prone mixed-conifer forest in northwestern Montana, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 493, 119286, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119286.","productDescription":"119286, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126893","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119286","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"493","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kichas, Nicholas E.","contributorId":261369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kichas","given":"Nicholas E.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trowbridge, Amy M.","contributorId":261371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trowbridge","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raffa, Kenneth F.","contributorId":219903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raffa","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":40094,"text":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malone, Shealyn C.","contributorId":261374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Shealyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hood, Sharon M.","contributorId":221183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Everett, Richard G.","contributorId":221184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Everett","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37636,"text":"Salish Kootenai College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McWethy, David B.","contributorId":207232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWethy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70221165,"text":"70221165 - 2021 - When a typical jumper skips: Itineraries and staging habitats used by Red Knots (Calidris canutus piersmai) migrating between northwest Australia and the New Siberian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T14:56:44.934507","indexId":"70221165","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:07:45","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When a typical jumper skips: Itineraries and staging habitats used by Red Knots (Calidris canutus piersmai) migrating between northwest Australia and the New Siberian Islands","docAbstract":"

The ecological reasons for variation in avian migration, with some populations migrating across thousands of kilometres between breeding and non-breeding areas with one or few refuelling stops, in contrast to others that stop more often, remain to be pinned down. Red Knots Calidris canutus are a textbook example of a shorebird species that makes long migrations with only a few stops. Recognizing that such behaviours are not necessarily species-specific but determined by ecological context, we here provide a description of the migrations of a relatively recently described subspecies (piersmai). Based on data from tagging of Red Knots on the terminal non-breeding grounds in northwest Australia with 4.5- and 2.5-g solar-powered Platform Terminal Transmitters (PTTs) and 1.0-g geolocators, we obtained information on 19 route-records of 17 individuals, resulting in seven complete return migrations. We confirm published evidence that Red Knots of the piersmai subspecies migrate from NW Australia and breed on the New Siberian Islands in the Russian Arctic and that they stage along the coasts of southeastern Asia, especially in the northern Yellow Sea in China. Red Knots arrived on the tundra breeding grounds from 8 June onwards. Southward departures mainly occurred in the last week of July and the first week of August. We documented six non-stop flights of over c. 5000 km (with a maximum of 6500 km, lasting 6.6 days). Nevertheless, rather than staging at a single location for multiple weeks halfway during migration, piersmai-knots made several stops of up to a week. This was especially evident during northward migration, when birds often stopped along the way in southeast Asia and ‘hugged’ the coast of China, thus flying an additional 1000–1500 km compared with the shortest possible (great circle route) flights between NW Australia and the Yellow Sea. The birds staged longest in areas in northern China, along the shores of Bohai Bay and upper Liaodong Bay, where the bivalve Potamocorbula laevis, known as a particularly suitable food for Red Knots, was present. The use of multiple food-rich stopping sites during northward migration by piersmai is atypical among subspecies of Red Knots. Although piersmai apparently has the benefit of multiple suitable stopping areas along the flyway, it is a subspecies in decline and their mortality away from the NW Australian non-breeding grounds has been elevated.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12964","usgsCitation":"Piersma, T., Kok, E., Hassell, C.J., Verkuil, Y.I., Lei, G., Peng, H., Rakhimberdiev, E., Howey, P., Tibbitts, T., Chan, Y., and Karagicheva, J., 2021, When a typical jumper skips: Itineraries and staging habitats used by Red Knots (Calidris canutus piersmai) migrating between northwest Australia and the New Siberian Islands: Ibis, v. 163, no. 4, p. 1235-1251, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12964.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1235","endPage":"1251","ipdsId":"IP-122078","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, China, Russia, Vietnam","otherGeospatial":"New Siberian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 120.234375,\n -19.973348786110602\n ],\n [\n 127.79296875,\n -13.581920900545844\n ],\n [\n 151.69921875,\n 74.86788912917916\n ],\n [\n 137.98828125,\n 76.14295846479848\n ],\n [\n 125.33203125,\n 73.32785809840696\n ],\n [\n 106.171875,\n 11.695272733029402\n ],\n [\n 120.234375,\n -19.973348786110602\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"163","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piersma, Theunis 0000-0001-9668-466X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-466X","contributorId":203123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kok, Eva","contributorId":225537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kok","given":"Eva","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hassell, Chris J.","contributorId":127818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassell","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verkuil, Yvonne I.","contributorId":194622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verkuil","given":"Yvonne","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lei, Guangchun","contributorId":259278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lei","given":"Guangchun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peng, He-Bo","contributorId":218155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"He-Bo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39765,"text":"University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; Fudan University, Shanghai, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rakhimberdiev, Eldar","contributorId":209701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rakhimberdiev","given":"Eldar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Howey, Paul","contributorId":225538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howey","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41157,"text":"Microwave Telemetry Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Karagicheva, Julia","contributorId":209703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karagicheva","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36570,"text":"NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":224104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T. Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chan, Ying-Chi","contributorId":167762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Ying-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24822,"text":"Department of Marine Ecology, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70220402,"text":"70220402 - 2021 - Activity patterns of anadromous fish below a tide gate: Observations from high‐resolution imaging sonar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-12T12:09:44.909293","indexId":"70220402","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:06:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Activity patterns of anadromous fish below a tide gate: Observations from high‐resolution imaging sonar","docAbstract":"

The construction of dams and tide gates on waterways has altered the physical structure of many coastal, estuarine, and freshwater systems. These changes have come at a cost to fish populations, most notably diadromous species, which rely on connectivity between marine and freshwater systems. These anthropogenic structures can have direct effects on migrating fish, such as blocking fish passage, or have more subtle effects, such as changing movement patterns. This study used a high‐resolution Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar to examine the behavior of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, a large coastal predator, and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis (collectively known as river herring), which are forage fish, below a tide gate structure on the Herring River in Wellfleet, Massachusetts, during the river herring spring spawning run. Striped Bass were persistently present downstream of the tide gate and exhibited strong diurnal and tidal patterns. Activity of Striped Bass was highest at night and during ebb tides. During peak outflow periods, river herring were observed milling downstream of the dam in a scour pool, indicating delayed upstream passage. River herring upstream migration was primarily associated with daytime and during incoming tides. Downstream‐migrating river herring were primarily observed during nighttime hours. While it was documented that the tide gates provided a physical impediment to migration, their effect on predator behavior could pose an additional challenge to migrating river herring, further complicating their recovery efforts. Due to the prevalence of obstructed waterways, studying the behavior of fish around anthropogenic structures is important in understanding the full range of impacts that these systems have under varying ecological conditions and on ecological relationships.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10149","usgsCitation":"Rillahan, C.B., Alcott, D., Castro-Santos, T.R., and He, P., 2021, Activity patterns of anadromous fish below a tide gate: Observations from high‐resolution imaging sonar: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 13, no. 3, p. 200-212, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10149.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"212","ipdsId":"IP-122821","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10149","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Wellfleet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.04093170166016,\n 41.921183459336\n ],\n [\n -70.01758575439453,\n 41.921183459336\n ],\n [\n -70.01758575439453,\n 41.94161653083027\n ],\n [\n -70.04093170166016,\n 41.94161653083027\n ],\n [\n -70.04093170166016,\n 41.921183459336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rillahan, Christopher B.","contributorId":257974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rillahan","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":52192,"text":"SMAST","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alcott, Derrick 0000-0001-7765-1889","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-1889","contributorId":257975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcott","given":"Derrick","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"He, Pingguo","contributorId":257976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Pingguo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220372,"text":"70220372 - 2021 - The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare Astragalus species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T14:23:15.719208","indexId":"70220372","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:05:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare Astragalus species","title":"The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare Astragalus species","docAbstract":"

Aim

Evolutionary radiations are central to the origin and maintenance of biodiversity, yet we rarely understand how they are jointly shaped by demography and ecological opportunity. Astragalus is the largest plant genus in the world and is disproportionately comprised of rare species restricted to narrow geographic and ecological regions. Here, we explored the demographic and ecological mechanisms underlying patterns of diversification in a threatened Astragalus species complex endemic to a small desert region in the western United States.

Location

Southeast Utah, USA.

Methods

We used high‐throughput DNA sequencing to infer genetic structure, genetic diversity, and demographic history (i.e., the timing of population divergence, effective population sizes and gene flow) among Astragalus taxa. We performed landscape genetic analyses to quantify the relationships between genetic differentiation, geographic distance, and ecological distance based on bioclimatic and soil variables. Finally, we identified putative adaptive loci that show higher genetic differentiation between taxa than expected based on our inferred neutral demographic model.

Results

We found evidence of low gene flow between three highly differentiated taxa (currently delineated as A. iselyi, A. sabulosus var. sabulosus and A. sabulosus var. vehiculus) that rapidly diverged from a small ancestral population near the beginning of the last glacial period. Genomic signatures revealed long‐term effective population sizes are 2–10× larger than recent census sizes, perhaps due to the maintenance of standing genetic variation through seed banks. Consistent with limited dispersal and local adaptation, genome‐wide patterns of differentiation are shaped by geographic distance (isolation‐by‐distance) and climate and soil variation (isolation‐by‐environment). Taxon‐specific adaptation is further supported by uncovering putative adaptive loci.

Main Conclusions

Our findings suggest that interactions between demography (i.e., dispersal limitations and seeds banks) and ecological opportunity (i.e., spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity) may promote diversification, endemism, and rarity among closely related Astragalus species and similar plant clades distributed across complex landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13288","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.R., Winkler, D.E., and Massatti, R., 2021, The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rare Astragalus species: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1407-1421, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13288.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1407","endPage":"1421","ipdsId":"IP-119600","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13288","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93SRC7M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Astragalus species complex genetic data from southeast Utah (Grand County and San Juan County), USA"},{"id":385525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 38.229550455326134\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 38.229550455326134\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 39.59722324495565\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 39.59722324495565\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 38.229550455326134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Matthew Richard 0000-0002-4822-157X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-157X","contributorId":257921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkler, Daniel E. 0000-0003-4825-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9073","contributorId":206786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massatti, Robert 0000-0001-5854-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-5597","contributorId":207294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massatti","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221840,"text":"70221840 - 2021 - Artificial lights with different spectra do not alter detrimental attraction of young Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon along lake shorelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-14T16:24:43.614703","indexId":"70221840","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:01:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial lights with different spectra do not alter detrimental attraction of young Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon along lake shorelines","docAbstract":"

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is common in lakes with developed shorelines, especially prevalent in the nearshore areas where juvenile fishes, including salmonids, are present. One concern is that fishes may be attracted to ALAN and become more vulnerable to predators. The use of longer wavelength lights has been suggested to reduce the effects of ALAN; however, the response in juvenile salmonids is not well known. We tested the hypothesis that longer wavelength lights would attract fewer subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) than shorter wavelength lights. Test lights included 4 LED lights, an incandescent light, and a high-pressure sodium light (HPS). In total, 13 experimental trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018, and in total 1769 Chinook salmon and 870 sockeye salmon were collected with beach seines. The mean catch rate (number per beach seine set) of subyearling salmonids was 51.0 for lighted treatments but only 6.6 for control treatments (no light). In both years, we did not find any significant difference in catch rates for either species between either of the longer wavelength lights (red-filter and yellow-filter LED lights) and other lights, and thus we rejected the hypothesis that longer wavelength light would attract fewer subyearling salmonids. For these early life stages of salmon in shallow shoreline habitats, reducing the intensity of light present is likely more important than altering the spectral composition when trying to minimize maladaptive attraction to ALAN.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2021.1906364","usgsCitation":"Tabor, R.A., Perkin, E.K., Beauchamp, D., Britt, L.L., Haehn, R., Greene, J., Robinson, T., Stolnack, S., Lantz, D.W., and Moore, Z.J., 2021, Artificial lights with different spectra do not alter detrimental attraction of young Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon along lake shorelines: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 37, no. 3, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2021.1906364.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","ipdsId":"IP-118912","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32589721679688,\n 47.49400862548164\n ],\n [\n -122.15286254882812,\n 47.49400862548164\n ],\n [\n -122.15286254882812,\n 47.76332998647307\n ],\n [\n -122.32589721679688,\n 47.76332998647307\n ],\n [\n -122.32589721679688,\n 47.49400862548164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tabor, Roger A.","contributorId":178981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tabor","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkin, Elizabeth K","contributorId":260822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkin","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":52677,"text":"McDaniel University, Westminster, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beauchamp, David 0000-0002-3592-8381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":217816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Britt, Lyle L.","contributorId":260261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Britt","given":"Lyle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":52548,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haehn, Rebecca","contributorId":260823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haehn","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52678,"text":"NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Bldg. 4, Seattle, WA 98115","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greene, John A. 0000-0002-4310-602X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-602X","contributorId":200999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, Timothy J.","contributorId":171636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Timothy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stolnack, Scott","contributorId":260824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolnack","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52679,"text":"King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104 - retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lantz, Daniel W","contributorId":260825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantz","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":52680,"text":"King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moore, Zachary J","contributorId":260826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":52681,"text":"King County, 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70231639,"text":"70231639 - 2021 - Geomorphic expression and slip rate of the Fairweather fault, southeast Alaska, and evidence for predecessors of the 1958 rupture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-17T11:54:18.758519","indexId":"70231639","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T06:46:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic expression and slip rate of the Fairweather fault, southeast Alaska, and evidence for predecessors of the 1958 rupture","docAbstract":"

Active traces of the southern Fairweather fault were revealed by light detection and ranging (lidar) and show evidence for transpressional deformation between North America and the Yakutat block in southeast Alaska. We map the Holocene geomorphic expression of tectonic deformation along the southern 30 km of the Fairweather fault, which ruptured in the 1958 moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake. Digital maps of surficial geology, geomorphology, and active faults illustrate both strike-slip and dip-slip deformation styles within a 10°–30° double restraining bend where the southern Fairweather fault steps offshore to the Queen Charlotte fault. We measure offset landforms along the fault and calibrate legacy 14C data to reassess the rate of Holocene strike-slip motion (≥49 mm/yr), which corroborates published estimates that place most of the plate boundary motion on the Fairweather fault. Our slip-rate estimates allow a component of oblique-reverse motion to be accommodated by contractional structures west of the Fairweather fault consistent with geodetic block models. Stratigraphic and structural relations in hand-dug excavations across two active fault strands provide an incomplete paleoseismic record including evidence for up to six surface ruptures in the past 5600 years, and at least two to four events in the past 810 years. The incomplete record suggests an earthquake recurrence interval of ≥270 years—much longer than intervals <100 years implied by published slip rates and expected earthquake displacements. Our paleoseismic observations and map of active traces of the southern Fairweather fault illustrate the complexity of transpressional deformation and seismic potential along one of Earth's fastest strike-slip plate boundaries.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02299.1","usgsCitation":"Witter, R., Bender, A., Scharer, K., DuRoss, C., Haeussler, P., and Lease, R.O., 2021, Geomorphic expression and slip rate of the Fairweather fault, southeast Alaska, and evidence for predecessors of the 1958 rupture: Geosphere, v. 17, no. 3, p. 711-738, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02299.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"738","ipdsId":"IP-122221","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02299.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q08JGV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Radiocarbon and Luminescence Data for Fairweather Fault Investigation, Glacier Bay National Park, Southeast Alaska"},{"id":400685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.447265625,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n -127.705078125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n -127.705078125,\n 62.91523303947614\n ],\n [\n -148.447265625,\n 62.91523303947614\n ],\n [\n -148.447265625,\n 52.855864177853974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, Adrian 0000-0001-7469-1957","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-1957","contributorId":219952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher 0000-0002-6963-7451 cduross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-7451","contributorId":152321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher","email":"cduross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220335,"text":"70220335 - 2021 - Science storms the cloud","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T17:32:07.061842","indexId":"70220335","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-05T11:21:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7751,"text":"AGU Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Science storms the cloud","docAbstract":"

The core tools of science (data, software, and computers) are undergoing a rapid and historic evolution, changing what questions scientists ask and how they find answers. Earth science data are being transformed into new formats optimized for cloud storage that enable rapid analysis of multi-petabyte data sets. Data sets are moving from archive centers to vast cloud data storage, adjacent to massive server farms. Open source cloud-based data science platforms, accessed through a web-browser window, are enabling advanced, collaborative, interdisciplinary science to be performed wherever scientists can connect to the internet. Specialized software and hardware for machine learning and artificial intelligence are being integrated into data science platforms, making them more accessible to average scientists. Increasing amounts of data and computational power in the cloud are unlocking new approaches for data-driven discovery. For the first time, it is truly feasible for scientists to bring their analysis to data in the cloud without specialized cloud computing knowledge. This shift in paradigm has the potential to lower the threshold for entry, expand the science community, and increase opportunities for collaboration while promoting scientific innovation, transparency, and reproducibility. Yet, we have all witnessed promising new tools which seem harmless and beneficial at the outset become damaging or limiting. What do we need to consider as this new way of doing science is evolving?

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020AV000354","usgsCitation":"Gentemann, C., Holdgraf, C., Abernathey, R., Crichton, D., Colliander, J., Kearns, E.J., Panda, Y., and Signell, R.P., 2021, Science storms the cloud: AGU Advances, v. 2, no. 2, e2020AV000354, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020AV000354.","productDescription":"e2020AV000354, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125885","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020av000354","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gentemann, C. L.","contributorId":257873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gentemann","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[{"id":52149,"text":"Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holdgraf, C.","contributorId":257874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holdgraf","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52151,"text":"2i2c, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abernathey, Ryan","contributorId":257830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abernathey","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52132,"text":"Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crichton, D.","contributorId":257875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crichton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25664,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colliander, J","contributorId":257876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colliander","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52153,"text":"Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kearns, E. J.","contributorId":257877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kearns","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":52154,"text":"First Street Foundation, Brooklyn, NY,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Panda, Y","contributorId":257878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panda","given":"Y","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52151,"text":"2i2c, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. 0000-0003-0682-9613 rsignell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-9613","contributorId":140906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}