{"pageNumber":"4860","pageRowStart":"121475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":5222209,"text":"5222209 - 1981 - Colony site dynamics and habitat use in Atlantic coast seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T16:12:57","indexId":"5222209","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colony site dynamics and habitat use in Atlantic coast seabirds","docAbstract":"

Seabird colony sizes and movements were documented in the DelMarVa coastal region in 1976-1977 and in New Jersey in 1978-1979. Most colonies were found on marsh and dredge deposition islands and on barrier island beaches. For the \"traditionally\" beach-nesting Herring Gull, Common Tern, and Black Skimmer, larger, more stable colonies were found on barrier beaches than on marsh islands. In marsh habitats, rates of colony-site change of marsh-nesting Forster's Tern and Laughing Gulls were similar to those of the former beach nesters. Several adaptations have evolved in marsh specialists to cope with a high risk of reproductive failure due to flooding, but both Herring Gulls and Common Terns also appear to be very adaptable in nesting under various habitat conditions.

New colonies and those abandoned between years may be pioneering attempts by younger or inexperienced birds, because they are often smaller than persistent colonies, although patterns differ among areas and habitats. Colony-site dynamics are complex and result from many selective factors including competition, predation, physical changes in site structure, and flooding. The invasion of Herring Gulls into marshes along the mid-Atlantic coast has had an impact on new colony-site choice by associated seabirds.

Calculating colony-site turnover rates allows for comparisons among species, habitats, and regions and may give useful insights into habitat quality and change and alternative nesting strategies.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Galli, J., and Burger, J., 1981, Colony site dynamics and habitat use in Atlantic coast seabirds: The Auk, v. 98, no. 3, p. 550-561.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"561","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086121"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galli, J.","contributorId":39753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galli","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, J.","contributorId":25894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221698,"text":"5221698 - 1981 - Iatrogenic salt poisoning in captive sandhill cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:39","indexId":"5221698","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2528,"text":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iatrogenic salt poisoning in captive sandhill cranes","docAbstract":"Salt poisoning developed in captive sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) when sea salt was added to normal drinking water to produce a sodium chloride concentration of 1%. Two of 18 cranes died and 2 were euthanatized when moribund. Muscle weakness, paresis, dyspnea, and depression were observed. Brain and serum sodium, serum uric acid,:and plasma osmolality values were abnormally high. Lesions were those of visceral gout, renal tubular necrosis, nephrosis, and skeletal muscle.necrosis. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., Sileo, L., and Fleming, W.J., 1981, Iatrogenic salt poisoning in captive sandhill cranes: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 179, no. 11, p. 1211-1213.","productDescription":"1211-1213","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1213","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"179","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223131,"text":"5223131 - 1981 - Marine turtles of the Galapagos Islands and adjacent areas of the eastern Pacific on the basis of observations made by J.R. Slevin 1905-1906","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-10T16:57:17.220224","indexId":"5223131","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine turtles of the Galapagos Islands and adjacent areas of the eastern Pacific on the basis of observations made by J.R. Slevin 1905-1906","docAbstract":"The field notes of J. R. Slevin written during the expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos Islands in 1905-1096 contain previously unavailable data on the marine turtles of the eastern Pacific. 'Land basking' by green turtles in Galapagos was predominately, if not exclusively, a female behavior. These terrestrial emergences were not concentrated in the major reproductive season of Galapagos turtles. Female Chelonia were also collected on shore during daylight hours on Socorro Island southwest of Baja California, Mexico. Chelonia, green turtles, were observed to feed on seaweed, the leaves and shoots of mangrove trees, and the leaves of another unidentified shoreline shrub. Comparative data on the gonads of dark and yellow turtles indicated that the latter did not breed in Galapagos during Slevin's stay. Lepidochelys olivacea, the olive ridley, was recorded in Galapagos waters and fed on fish eggs","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1563432","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., 1981, Marine turtles of the Galapagos Islands and adjacent areas of the eastern Pacific on the basis of observations made by J.R. Slevin 1905-1906: Journal of Herpetology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 293-301, https://doi.org/10.2307/1563432.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195870,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221661,"text":"5221661 - 1981 - Organochlorine residues and mortality of herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T14:48:55","indexId":"5221661","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues and mortality of herons","docAbstract":"

Since 1966, 72 herons found dead or moribund in the field have been analyzed for organochlorine chemicals. In addition, 36 herons were obtained through systematic collections, and carcasses were analyzed to determine sublethal exposure to organochlorines. Brains of birds found dead or moribund were analyzed to determine whether the birds had died of organochlorine poisoning. Residues of DDE were found most frequently (96 of 105 carcasses analyzed), PCBs were second (detected in 90 carcasses), and dieldrin and TDE (detected in 37 and 35 carcasses, respectively) were about equal as third and fourth most frequent. Endrin, mirex, toxaphene, and HCB were found least often (8, 9, 9, and 9 carcasses, respectively). At least one organochlorine was found in each carcass, except for six heron chicks found dead in a Maryland heronry. DDE and PCBs were present in highest concentrations; they exceeded 100 ppm in two birds each. Organochlorine concentrations were almost always higher in adult herons than in immature birds. All birds that had hazardous or lethal concentrations in the brain were adults, and most were great blue herons (Ardea herodias). Dieldrin was the chemical most often considered responsible for death. Herons died of suspected DDT and dieldrin poisoning years after the chemicals were banned in the United States. More than 20 percent of the herons found dead or moribund had lethal or hazardous concentrations of organochlorines in the brain.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Swineford, D.M., and Locke, L.N., 1981, Organochlorine residues and mortality of herons: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 14, no. 4, p. 125-135.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267905,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26096965"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Michigan, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain, Mobile Bay, Lake Saint Clair","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.73117065429688,\n 42.70968691975666\n ],\n [\n -82.628173828125,\n 42.69959515809203\n ],\n [\n -82.59384155273438,\n 42.67031977251908\n ],\n [\n -82.51693725585938,\n 42.65416193033991\n ],\n [\n -82.45376586914062,\n 42.60667398549725\n ],\n [\n -82.41531372070312,\n 42.55004530600437\n ],\n [\n -82.38922119140625,\n 42.48627657532141\n ],\n [\n -82.38922119140625,\n 42.382894009614056\n ],\n [\n -82.41531372070312,\n 42.3037216984154\n ],\n [\n -82.68447875976562,\n 42.28137302193453\n ],\n [\n -82.82318115234375,\n 42.286452962920926\n ],\n [\n -82.9632568359375,\n 42.32504712815144\n ],\n [\n -83.001708984375,\n 42.33519955487233\n ],\n [\n -82.9742431640625,\n 42.370720143531955\n ],\n [\n -82.93304443359374,\n 42.387965757279154\n ],\n [\n -82.91519165039062,\n 42.420415239489934\n ],\n [\n -82.913818359375,\n 42.47918714391391\n ],\n [\n -82.90695190429688,\n 42.533856237848504\n ],\n [\n -82.86849975585938,\n 42.582410848693954\n ],\n [\n -82.84652709960938,\n 42.59757641618889\n ],\n [\n -82.83279418945312,\n 42.64103059165477\n ],\n [\n -82.79708862304688,\n 42.68849232550868\n ],\n [\n -82.73117065429688,\n 42.70968691975666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.99362182617186,\n 30.784317689718897\n ],\n [\n -87.97508239746094,\n 30.758948767084227\n ],\n [\n -87.96890258789062,\n 30.736524153326393\n ],\n [\n -87.94418334960938,\n 30.716455600485418\n ],\n [\n -87.93663024902344,\n 30.714094319607938\n ],\n [\n -87.9180908203125,\n 30.71055228989073\n ],\n [\n -87.90573120117188,\n 30.709961938958287\n ],\n [\n -87.90023803710938,\n 30.69106880162018\n ],\n [\n -87.89749145507812,\n 30.60600393400217\n ],\n [\n -87.89543151855469,\n 30.56462594065098\n ],\n [\n -87.89405822753906,\n 30.535650839702168\n ],\n [\n -87.91122436523438,\n 30.50193423154247\n ],\n [\n -87.90573120117188,\n 30.479449996609706\n ],\n [\n -87.89955139160155,\n 30.446897825875332\n ],\n [\n -87.85972595214844,\n 30.3989375576187\n ],\n [\n -87.83843994140625,\n 30.427361303226718\n ],\n [\n -87.8192138671875,\n 30.427953376568325\n ],\n [\n -87.80548095703125,\n 30.397753055276908\n ],\n [\n -87.80754089355469,\n 30.373467591889508\n ],\n [\n -87.8192138671875,\n 30.360433879760766\n ],\n [\n -87.79312133789062,\n 30.331990661042568\n ],\n [\n -87.76840209960938,\n 30.318358689813856\n ],\n [\n -87.75398254394531,\n 30.304132001763655\n ],\n [\n -87.73338317871094,\n 30.303539178280136\n ],\n [\n -87.71415710449219,\n 30.281009229934632\n ],\n [\n -87.71896362304688,\n 30.256101688343282\n ],\n [\n -87.75466918945312,\n 30.248984087355694\n ],\n [\n -87.82402038574219,\n 30.239493150580977\n ],\n [\n -87.85423278808594,\n 30.23830671903527\n ],\n [\n -87.90229797363281,\n 30.234747338474293\n ],\n [\n -87.93731689453125,\n 30.235933812981585\n ],\n [\n -87.96066284179688,\n 30.232374346500517\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 30.232374346500517\n ],\n [\n -88.01353454589844,\n 30.22644161598637\n ],\n [\n -88.04306030273438,\n 30.228814751146885\n ],\n [\n -88.09318542480469,\n 30.235933812981585\n ],\n [\n -88.11790466308592,\n 30.24957724046765\n ],\n [\n -88.12957763671875,\n 30.274486436999464\n ],\n [\n -88.1494903564453,\n 30.321915039121063\n ],\n [\n -88.13301086425781,\n 30.34562073484083\n ],\n [\n -88.1268310546875,\n 30.38709188778112\n ],\n [\n -88.12339782714844,\n 30.494242841112055\n ],\n [\n -88.10623168945312,\n 30.52855357843757\n ],\n [\n -88.09593200683594,\n 30.551026460088067\n ],\n [\n -88.12408447265625,\n 30.582361529037794\n ],\n [\n -88.12614440917967,\n 30.614868348553493\n ],\n [\n -88.11309814453125,\n 30.622550184776674\n ],\n [\n -88.10279846191405,\n 30.637321233301265\n ],\n [\n -88.08975219726562,\n 30.65327143279877\n ],\n [\n -88.08082580566406,\n 30.661540870820918\n ],\n [\n -88.0609130859375,\n 30.666856564516053\n ],\n [\n -88.05679321289062,\n 30.739475058679485\n ],\n [\n -88.04100036621094,\n 30.78844688123278\n ],\n [\n -87.99362182617186,\n 30.784317689718897\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.377685546875,\n 45.01918507438176\n ],\n [\n -73.34060668945312,\n 45.08127861241874\n ],\n [\n -73.30215454101562,\n 45.12392881616326\n ],\n [\n -73.27468872070312,\n 45.1394300814679\n ],\n [\n -73.2073974609375,\n 45.13264879631321\n ],\n [\n -73.16482543945311,\n 45.12392881616326\n ],\n [\n -73.114013671875,\n 45.10454630976873\n ],\n [\n -73.08380126953125,\n 45.08709642547449\n ],\n [\n -73.06594848632812,\n 45.06673148768116\n ],\n [\n -73.06045532226562,\n 45.035685245316344\n ],\n [\n -73.06182861328125,\n 44.99199795382439\n ],\n [\n -73.07693481445312,\n 44.959939425508466\n ],\n [\n -73.12088012695312,\n 44.95216496198618\n ],\n [\n -73.157958984375,\n 44.96285457777543\n ],\n [\n -73.1854248046875,\n 44.958967675170506\n ],\n [\n -73.16207885742188,\n 44.94730538740607\n ],\n [\n -73.125,\n 44.93077975622578\n ],\n [\n -73.12774658203125,\n 44.90744135615697\n ],\n [\n -73.14422607421875,\n 44.858789242557805\n ],\n [\n -73.14147949218749,\n 44.82373424434257\n ],\n [\n -73.09066772460938,\n 44.81691551782855\n ],\n [\n -73.12088012695312,\n 44.77013681219717\n ],\n [\n -73.16482543945311,\n 44.73014997478245\n ],\n [\n -73.1744384765625,\n 44.6706061651103\n ],\n [\n -73.1854248046875,\n 44.62859586258382\n ],\n [\n -73.1744384765625,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -73.14422607421875,\n 44.595356872562256\n ],\n [\n -73.16482543945311,\n 44.57286088638149\n ],\n [\n -73.19915771484375,\n 44.51511398458795\n ],\n [\n -73.2183837890625,\n 44.49944393446856\n ],\n [\n -73.19915771484375,\n 44.46319080919909\n ],\n [\n -73.20053100585938,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -73.21701049804688,\n 44.375895083949125\n ],\n [\n -73.24172973632812,\n 44.344476001665214\n ],\n [\n -73.2513427734375,\n 44.314022698837775\n ],\n [\n -73.24859619140625,\n 44.25601950434298\n ],\n [\n -73.25271606445312,\n 44.22552029849434\n ],\n [\n -73.28567504882812,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -73.30490112304686,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -73.32412719726562,\n 44.17826452922576\n ],\n [\n -73.34747314453125,\n 44.14575420090964\n ],\n [\n -73.3502197265625,\n 44.104351509943406\n ],\n [\n -73.36532592773438,\n 44.07476039341059\n ],\n [\n -73.388671875,\n 44.03232064275084\n ],\n [\n -73.42300415039062,\n 44.008620115415354\n ],\n [\n -73.45458984375,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -73.47518920898438,\n 44.00269350325321\n ],\n [\n -73.49166870117188,\n 44.022446574403226\n ],\n [\n -73.46694946289062,\n 44.07278712592713\n ],\n [\n -73.45870971679688,\n 44.11322595798781\n ],\n [\n -73.45596313476562,\n 44.17136989600329\n ],\n [\n -73.4326171875,\n 44.209772586984485\n ],\n [\n -73.39553833007812,\n 44.238312212932016\n ],\n [\n -73.39004516601562,\n 44.28551981101237\n ],\n [\n -73.38317871093749,\n 44.33465408319267\n ],\n [\n -73.38592529296875,\n 44.36804189293885\n ],\n [\n -73.4161376953125,\n 44.374913492661456\n ],\n [\n -73.4381103515625,\n 44.39257961837961\n ],\n [\n -73.42987060546874,\n 44.43672160879806\n ],\n [\n -73.43399047851562,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -73.43124389648438,\n 44.49748488200713\n ],\n [\n -73.41751098632812,\n 44.5063000997406\n ],\n [\n -73.45596313476562,\n 44.540568831327874\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 44.58948919368969\n ],\n [\n -73.48068237304688,\n 44.616866626576595\n ],\n [\n -73.48342895507812,\n 44.64911632343077\n ],\n [\n -73.48617553710938,\n 44.692088041727814\n ],\n [\n -73.48480224609375,\n 44.72917434046452\n ],\n [\n -73.44772338867188,\n 44.73307677899358\n ],\n [\n -73.43536376953125,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -73.39691162109375,\n 44.78963254761407\n ],\n [\n -73.38180541992188,\n 44.80327564555043\n ],\n [\n -73.41201782226562,\n 44.80522439622254\n ],\n [\n -73.42300415039062,\n 44.84126440957738\n ],\n [\n -73.41476440429688,\n 44.858789242557805\n ],\n [\n -73.40789794921875,\n 44.88409347642904\n ],\n [\n -73.39828491210936,\n 44.90063253713748\n ],\n [\n -73.40103149414062,\n 44.923001342833125\n ],\n [\n -73.39553833007812,\n 44.95508050924061\n ],\n [\n -73.38455200195312,\n 44.98908428276138\n ],\n [\n -73.377685546875,\n 45.01918507438176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ee4b07f02db50c466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, Harry M.","contributorId":60291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swineford, Douglas M.","contributorId":176501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swineford","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, Louis N.","contributorId":71233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221717,"text":"5221717 - 1981 - Effects of DDE and PCB (Aroclor 1260) on experimentally poisoned little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): Lethal brain concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:30:40","indexId":"5221717","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of DDE and PCB (Aroclor 1260) on experimentally poisoned little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): Lethal brain concentrations","docAbstract":"Adult female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) were collected in a church attic in North East, Cecil County, Md. Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) containing organochlorine pollutants were fed to the bats as follows: 5 bats were dosed at 480 ppm DDE, 12 at 150 ppm DDE, 5 at 1000 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB; Aroclor 1260), and 12 at 15 ppm PCB. Seven other bats were fed untreated mealworms. The objective was to elevate brain levels of DDE and PCB to lethality and measure these concentrations. During 40 d of dosage, one DDE-dosed bat and two PCB-dosed bats died after exhibiting the prolonged tremor that characterizes organochlorine poisoning. After dosage, surviving bats were starved to elevate brain levels of toxicants, and three additional DDE-dosed bats had tremors before dying. The mean brain concentration of DDE diagnostic of death was estimated as 603 ppm, range 540-670 ppm. This mean is 16-18% higher than means for Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and may indicate less sensitivity. Lethal brain concentrations of Aroclor 1260 were 1300 and 1500 ppm. Such values appear to be higher than values (Aroclor 1254) for brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). During starvation, DDE-dosed bats lost weight about 24% faster than controls. If smaller amounts of stored DDE cause increases in metabolic rates of nonfeeding bats, as during hibernation or migration, the result could be premature energy depletion and increased mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287398109530035","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Stafford, C.J., 1981, Effects of DDE and PCB (Aroclor 1260) on experimentally poisoned little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): Lethal brain concentrations: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 7, no. 6, p. 925-934, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398109530035.","productDescription":"925-934","startPage":"925","endPage":"934","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269459,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398109530035"},{"id":196604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221703,"text":"5221703 - 1981 - Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T14:33:19","indexId":"5221703","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides","docAbstract":"

Oral doses of the organophosphorus pesticides acephate, dicrotophos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, and parathion were administered to mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos), and brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities were determined for up to 77 d after dosing. In vivo recovery of brain ChE activity to within 2 standard deviations of the mean activity of undosed birds occurred within 8 d, after being depressed an average of 25-58% at 24 h after dosing. In vivo recovery of plasma ChE appeared as fast as or faster than that of brain, but the pattern of recovery was more erratic and therefore statistical comparison with brain ChE recovery was not attempted. In vitro tests indicated that the potential for dephosphorylation to contribute to in vivo recovery of inhibited brain ChE differed among chemical treatments. Some ducklings died as a result of organophosphate dosing. In an experiment in which ducklings within each treatment group received the same dose (mg/kg), the brain ChE activity in birds that died was less than that in birds that survived. Brain ChE activities in ducklings that died were significantly different among pesticide treatments: fensulfothion > parathion> acephate > malathion (p < 0.05).

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287398109530123","usgsCitation":"Fleming, W.J., and Bradbury, S., 1981, Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 8, no. 5-6, p. 885-897, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398109530123.","productDescription":" p.","startPage":"885","endPage":"897","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/166","text":"External Repository"},{"id":193350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, S.P.","contributorId":20025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007488,"text":"1007488 - 1981 - The effect of use limits on backcountry visitation trends in Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-06T15:35:09.983737","indexId":"1007488","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2612,"text":"Leisure Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of use limits on backcountry visitation trends in Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"

Backcountry use in Yosemite National Park increased drastically during the decade starting in the mid 1960s. In 1975, use reached a maximum of nearly 79,000 visitors and 219,000 visitor nights. Since then use has leveled off to about 89 percent of the peak figures for visitors and 84 percent for visitor nights. This leveling off is attributed primarily to a general trend of decreased popularity of backpacking in California and not to the imposition of use limits. These limits have been effective in shifting use from peak summer months as well as from heavily used trail heads and travel zones.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490408109512970","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., 1981, The effect of use limits on backcountry visitation trends in Yosemite National Park: Leisure Science, v. 4, no. 3, p. 311-323, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490408109512970.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.98049130437735,\n 37.993015276055374\n ],\n [\n -119.98049130437735,\n 37.514713142204684\n ],\n [\n -119.00605733828769,\n 37.514713142204684\n ],\n [\n -119.00605733828769,\n 37.993015276055374\n ],\n [\n -119.98049130437735,\n 37.993015276055374\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66757a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230175,"text":"5230175 - 1981 - Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T09:45:17","indexId":"5230175","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Fritts, S., and Mech, L.D., 1981, Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota, v. 80, 79 p.","productDescription":"79 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292057,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3830611"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.0,47.8 ], [ -96.0,49.2 ], [ -94.2,49.2 ], [ -94.2,47.8 ], [ -96.0,47.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230174,"text":"5230174 - 1981 - Deer social organization and wolf predation in northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T10:29:13","indexId":"5230174","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Deer social organization and wolf predation in northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M.E., and Mech, L.D., 1981, Deer social organization and wolf predation in northeastern Minnesota, v. 77, 53 p.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292063,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3830578"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.0,47.28 ], [ -93.0,48.5 ], [ -89.47,48.5 ], [ -89.47,47.28 ], [ -93.0,47.28 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200052,"text":"5200052 - 1981 - Newsletter for the Accelerated Research Program for migratory shore and upland game birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5200052","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:21","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":193,"text":"Newsletter for the Accelerated Research Program for migratory shore and upland game birds","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 6.","title":"Newsletter for the Accelerated Research Program for migratory shore and upland game birds","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird & Habitat Research Laboratory","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Coon, R., 1981, Newsletter for the Accelerated Research Program for migratory shore and upland game birds: Newsletter for the Accelerated Research Program for migratory shore and upland game birds No. 6., 33.","productDescription":"33","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a9278","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, R.A.","contributorId":43060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210879,"text":"5210879 - 1981 - Physical and chemical characteristics of warmwater streams: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5210879","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Physical and chemical characteristics of warmwater streams: A review","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Warmwater Streams Symposium: a national symposium on fisheries aspects of warmwater streams : proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 9-11 March, 1980","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southern Division, American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","collaboration":"OCLC: 7799859","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., 1981, Physical and chemical characteristics of warmwater streams: A review, chap. of The Warmwater Streams Symposium: a national symposium on fisheries aspects of warmwater streams : proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 9-11 March, 1980, p. 32-44.","productDescription":"422","startPage":"32","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"422","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c83","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krumholz, Louis A.","contributorId":112086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krumholz","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507262,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210365,"text":"5210365 - 1981 - Sampling in rugged terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210365","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Sampling in rugged terrain","docAbstract":"Work in rugged terrain poses some unique problems that should be considered before research is initiated. Besides the obvious physical difficulties of crossing uneven terrain, topography can influence the bird species? composition of a forest and the observer's ability to detect birds and estimate distances. Census results can also be affected by the slower rate of travel on rugged terrain. Density figures may be higher than results obtained from censuses in similar habitat on level terrain because of the greater likelihood of double-recording of individuals and of recording species that sing infrequently. In selecting a census technique, the researcher should weigh the efficiency and applicability of a technique for the objectives of his study in light of the added difficulties posed by rugged terrain. The variable circular-plot method is probably the most effective technique for estimating bird numbers. Bird counts and distance estimates are facilitated because the observer is stationary, and calculations of species? densities take into account differences in effective area covered amongst stations due to variability in terrain or vegetation structure. Institution of precautions that minimize the risk of injury to field personnel can often enhance the observer?s ability to detect birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., 1981, Sampling in rugged terrain, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 311-315.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"311","endPage":"315","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fddd6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506354,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506355,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210275,"text":"5210275 - 1981 - Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210275","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"One of the major purposes of bird population studies is to document changes in population size over a period of years. The traditional method used in Europe and North America to detect population change is to calculate annual ratios. However, this method can produce spurious results when ratios are accumulated over many years. Consequently, new methods of computing trends are needed. Several new methods of estimating population trends are developed and illustrated with data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). Each method is compared in terms of its assumptions, biases, and limitations. On the basis of these comparisons we recommend one method that we feel most accurately detects true population trends. Both the biological and statistical justifications for the model selection are presented. Trends estimated with this model are then presented for two species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Geissler, P., and Noon, B., 1981, Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 42-51.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"42","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb7a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506217,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506218,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noon, B.R.","contributorId":24311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210281,"text":"5210281 - 1981 - A funding source for sandhill crane research: The Accelerated Research Program for Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210281","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A funding source for sandhill crane research: The Accelerated Research Program for Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1981 Crane Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Audubon Society","publisherLocation":"Tavernier, Florida","usgsCitation":"Coon, R., and Dwyer, T., 1981, A funding source for sandhill crane research: The Accelerated Research Program for Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds, chap. of Proceedings of the 1981 Crane Workshop, p. 127-128.","productDescription":"viii, 296","startPage":"127","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb9f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lewis, J. C.","contributorId":10057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506226,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Coon, R.A.","contributorId":43060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, T.J.","contributorId":56177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210278,"text":"5210278 - 1981 - Methods of detecting and counting raptors: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5210278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Methods of detecting and counting raptors: A review","docAbstract":"Most raptors are wide-ranging, secretive, and occur at relatively low densities. These factors, in conjunction with the nocturnal activity of owls, cause the counting of raptors by most standard census and survey efforts to be very time consuming and expensive. This paper reviews the most common methods of detecting and counting raptors. It is hoped that it will be of use to the ever-increasing number of biologists, land-use planners, and managers that must determine the occurrence, density, or population dynamics of raptors. Road counts of fixed station or continuous transect design are often used to sample large areas. Detection of spontaneous or elicited vocalizations, especially those of owls, provides a means of detecting and estimating raptor numbers. Searches for nests are accomplished from foot surveys, observations from automobiles and boats, or from aircraft when nest structures are conspicuous (e.g., Osprey). Knowledge of nest habitat, historic records, and inquiries of local residents are useful for locating nests. Often several of these techniques are combined to help find nest sites. Aerial searches have also been used to locate or count large raptors (e.g., eagles), or those that may be conspicuous in open habitats (e.g., tundra). Counts of birds entering or leaving nest colonies or colonial roosts have been attempted on a limited basis. Results from Christmas Bird Counts have provided an index of the abundance of some species. Trapping and banding generally has proven to be an inefficient method of detecting raptors or estimating their populations. Concentrations of migrants at strategically located points around the world afford the best opportunity to count many rap tors in a relatively short period of time, but the influence of many unquantified variables has inhibited extensive interpretation of these counts. Few data exist to demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods. We believe more research on sampling techniques, rather than complete counts or intensive searches, will provide adequate yet affordable estimates of raptor numbers in addition to providing methods for detecting the presence of raptors on areas of interest to researchers and managers.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Fuller, M., and Mosher, J.A., 1981, Methods of detecting and counting raptors: A review, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 235-246.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"235","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bcba","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506221,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506222,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosher, J. A.","contributorId":34605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210271,"text":"5210271 - 1981 - Physiology of the eggshell thinning response to DDE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210271","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Physiology of the eggshell thinning response to DDE","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"XII Congress of the International Union of Game Biologists, 1975.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Direccao-Geral dos Recursos Florestais Servico de Inspeccao da Caca e Pesca","publisherLocation":"Lisbon, Portugal","collaboration":"OCLC: 9567825. Congress held Oct. 19-24, 1975, in Lisbon, Portugal. ","usgsCitation":"Haseltine, S., Peterle, T., Nagode, L., Parsons, A., and Lustick, S., 1981, Physiology of the eggshell thinning response to DDE, chap. of XII Congress of the International Union of Game Biologists, 1975., p. 237-243.","productDescription":"353","startPage":"237","endPage":"243","numberOfPages":"353","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haseltine, S.","contributorId":77617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haseltine","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterle, T.","contributorId":52688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterle","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagode, L.","contributorId":78053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagode","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsons, A.","contributorId":30955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lustick, S.","contributorId":96804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lustick","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5210285,"text":"5210285 - 1981 - The North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210285","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"A brief history of the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and a discussion of the technique are presented. The approximately 2000 random roadside routes conducted yearly during the breeding season throughout North America produce an enormous bank of data on distribution and abundance of breeding birds with great potential use. Data on about one million total birds of 500 species per year are on computer tape to facilitate accessibility and are available to any serious investigator. The BBS includes the advantages of wide geographic coverage, sampling of most habitat types, standardization of data collection, and a relatively simple format. The Survey is limited by placement of roads (e.g., marshes and rugged mountainous areas are not well sampled), traffic noise interference in some cases and preference of some bird species for roadside habitats. These and other problems and biases of the BBS are discussed. The uniformity of the technique allows for detecting changes in populations and for creation of maps of relative abundance. Examples of each are presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society, Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Bystrak, D., 1981, The North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 34-41.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"34","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af5e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506231,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506232,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210391,"text":"5210391 - 1981 - The role of observer bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:26:43","indexId":"5210391","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"The role of observer bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"Ornithologists sampling breeding bird populations are subject to a number of biases in bird recognition and identification. Using Breeding Bird Survey data, these biases are examined qualitatively and quantitatively, and their effects on counts are evaluated. Differences in hearing ability and degree of expertise are the major observer biases considered. Other, more subtle influences are also discussed, including unfamiliar species, resolution, imagination, similar songs and attitude and condition of observers. In most cases, welltrained observers are comparable in ability and their differences contribute little beyond sampling error. However, just as hearing loss can affect results, so can an unprepared observer. These biases are important because they can reduce the credibility of any bird population sampling effort. Care is advised in choosing observers and in interpreting and using results when observers of variable competence are involved.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Faanes, C.A., and Bystrak, D., 1981, The role of observer bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 353-359.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"359","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640df0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faanes, C. A.","contributorId":8790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faanes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210286,"text":"5210286 - 1981 - Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210286","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)","docAbstract":"The toxicity of metals to earthworms and the residues of metals found in earthworms are reviewed. Meta 1 concentrations are rarely high enough to be toxic to worms, but copper may reduce populations in orchards heavily treated with fungicides and in soil contaminated with pig wastes. The metals in some industrial sewage sludges may interfere with using sludge in vermiculture. Storage ratios (the concentration of a metal in worms divided by the concentration in soil) tend to be highest in infertile soil and lowest in media rich in organic matter, such as sewage sludge. Cadmium, gold, and selenium are highly concentrated by worms. Lead concentrations in worms may be very high, but are generally lower than concentrations in soil. Body burdens of both copper and zinc seem to be regulated by worms. Because worms are part of the food webs of many wildlife species, and also because they are potentially valuable feed supplements for domestic animals, the possible toxic effects of cadmium and other metals should be studied. Worms can make metals more available to food webs and can redistribute them in soil.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues, Proceedings, Volume 1. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Beech Leaf Press","publisherLocation":"Kalamazoo, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., 1981, Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta), chap. of Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues, Proceedings, Volume 1. , p. 137-150.","productDescription":"xxv, 315","startPage":"137","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210434,"text":"5210434 - 1981 - Management and research opportunities with urban wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210434","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Management and research opportunities with urban wildlife","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Symposium, August 13-14, 1981, Athens, Georgia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Game and Fish Division","publisherLocation":"Atlanta","collaboration":"OCLC: 9246771","usgsCitation":"Geis, A.D., 1981, Management and research opportunities with urban wildlife, chap. of Proceedings of the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Symposium, August 13-14, 1981, Athens, Georgia, p. 37-40.","productDescription":"179","startPage":"37","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"179","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a24d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Odom, Ron R.","contributorId":112904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odom","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guthrie, J.W.","contributorId":112702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guthrie","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210272,"text":"5210272 - 1981 - Interpreting population estimates of birds following pesticide applications--behavior of male starlings exposed to an organophosphate pesticide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210272","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Interpreting population estimates of birds following pesticide applications--behavior of male starlings exposed to an organophosphate pesticide","docAbstract":"We determined activity budgets for 10 pairs of captive male Starlings between 7 May and 18 July 1980. Our objective was to quantify changes in behavior after exposure to an organophosphate (OP) pesticide and to assess the impact of changes in behavior on the interpretation of population estimates of birds following pesticide applications. We observed each pair of males for an hour at 07:30 and 09:30 for four days and classified their behavior into one of four categories: flying, perching, foraging, or singing and displaying. At 06:30 on day 2, one male received a single oral dose of 2.5 mg dicrotophos (3-hydroxy-N, N-dimethyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate) per kg of body weight; the other male received an equivalent exposure of corn oil. Changes in the activity budgets of OP-dosed and control males were compared using t-tests. Activity of OP-dosed males was significantly (P _ 0.05) reduced within the 2-4 h following exposure. OP-dosed males spent more time perching (46.1%) than controls and less time flying (-96.6%), foraging (-28.5%), and singing and displaying (-49.5%). The frequency of perching (-75.3%), flying (-83.8%), foraging (-54.1%), and singing and displaying (- 59.2%) was significantly reduced. Activity in OP-dosed males returned to normal by 26-28 h posttreatment. Results suggest that movement and vocalization may be significantly reduced in birds exposed to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Conventional censusing techniques and population estimating procedures may, therefore, be inadequate to assess changes in bird populations after pesticide applications because of the difficulty in separating decreases in density due to mortality or emigration from reductions in activity.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Grue, C., and Shipley, B., 1981, Interpreting population estimates of birds following pesticide applications--behavior of male starlings exposed to an organophosphate pesticide, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 292-296.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"292","endPage":"296","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e023a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506212,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506213,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shipley, B.J.","contributorId":106233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipley","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210274,"text":"5210274 - 1981 - [Comments on] 'A windshield and multivariate approach to the classification, inventory, and evaluation of wildlife habitat: An exploratory study,' by C.E. Grue, R.R. Reid, and N.J. Silvy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210274","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"[Comments on] 'A windshield and multivariate approach to the classification, inventory, and evaluation of wildlife habitat: An exploratory study,' by C.E. Grue, R.R. Reid, and N.J. Silvy","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Use of Multivariate Statistics in Studies of Wildlife Habitat","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service.","usgsCitation":"Geissler, P., 1981, [Comments on] 'A windshield and multivariate approach to the classification, inventory, and evaluation of wildlife habitat: An exploratory study,' by C.E. Grue, R.R. Reid, and N.J. Silvy, chap. of The Use of Multivariate Statistics in Studies of Wildlife Habitat, p. 138-140.","productDescription":"249","startPage":"138","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"249","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4795e4b07f02db48d47c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Capen, David E.","contributorId":114088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506216,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210261,"text":"5210261 - 1981 - Polychlorinated biphenyls in a wild mink population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210261","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls in a wild mink population","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings: August 3-11, 1980, Frostburg, Maryland, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Worldwide Furbearer Conference, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Frostburg, Maryland","collaboration":"OCLC: 7819898. Three volumes.","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Kaiser, T., Askins, G., and Chapman, J., 1981, Polychlorinated biphenyls in a wild mink population, chap. of Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings: August 3-11, 1980, Frostburg, Maryland, USA, p. 1746-1751.","productDescription":"xvii, 2056","startPage":"1746","endPage":"1751","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843a3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chapman, Joseph A.","contributorId":112987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506196,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pursley, Duane","contributorId":111554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pursley","given":"Duane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506195,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, T. E.","contributorId":75486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Askins, G.R.","contributorId":90014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Askins","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, J.A.","contributorId":6156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210269,"text":"5210269 - 1981 - PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in wild mink and river otters from Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210269","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in wild mink and river otters from Oregon","docAbstract":"Mink (Mustela vison) and river otters (Lutra canadensis) collected during the 1978-1979 trapping season in Oregon were analyzed for organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues. PCB residues were most frequently encountered in both species from the Lower Columbia River. PCB residues in 6 of 9 Columbia River mink livers were as high as those reported in livers of experimental female mink that experienced total reproductive failure after eating a PCB-contaminated diet of 0.64 ppm for 160 days. Also, some fish from the Columbia River contained PCBs (range 0.24-2.8 ppm) equivalent to or higher than the dietary dosage given in the same laboratory study. River otter livers from the same area contained even higher levels of PCBs [(M) geometric mean 9.3 ppm, (F) geometric mean 3.5 ppm], but the relative sensitivity of the 2 species to these contaminants is unknown. The river otter harvest along the Lower Columbia River has declined in the last 3 decades, whereas the statewide harvest trend is upward. PCBs were generally low or not detected in the remainder of the Oregon locations studied. Lower Columbia River collections also showed the highest organochlorine pesticides (mainly DDE) in both species. We are less concerned about the DDE residues reported, particularly in mink, because mink are less sensitive to DDT than to PCBs. Population declines of both mink and otters resulting from PCB contamination may have occurred, and may still be occurring, along the Lower Columbia River.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings: August 3-11, 1980, Frostburg, Maryland, USA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Worldwide Furbearer Conference, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Frostburg, Maryland","collaboration":"OCLC: 7819898. Three volumes.","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Blus, L.J., Gregory, S., and Stafford, C.J., 1981, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in wild mink and river otters from Oregon, chap. of Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings: August 3-11, 1980, Frostburg, Maryland, USA, p. 1763-1780.","productDescription":"xvii, 2056","startPage":"1763","endPage":"1780","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689f2e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chapman, Joseph A.","contributorId":112987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506209,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pursley, Duane","contributorId":111554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pursley","given":"Duane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506208,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregory, S.V.","contributorId":21130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210260,"text":"5210260 - 1981 - Analysis of bird survey data using a modification of Emlen's method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210260","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Analysis of bird survey data using a modification of Emlen's method","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, F.L., and Scott, J.M., 1981, Analysis of bird survey data using a modification of Emlen's method, chap. of Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds, p. 483-487.","productDescription":"x, 630","startPage":"483","endPage":"487","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680a66","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506193,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506194,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, F. L.","contributorId":92379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"F.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. M.","contributorId":55766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}