The Platte River in south-central Nebraska flows generally eastward in a broad, flat valley. The river banks and many areas adjacent to the river support thick stands of cottonwood and willow trees. Brush, grass, pasture land, and cultivated fields occupy most of the remaining area. This is the habitat for many types of wildlife that live in the area or stop over in the area during annual migrations. Both sandhill cranes and whooping cranes are part of the annual migration. There is concern that water-management changes, such as surface-water diversions or ground-water withdrawals for irrigation, may alter the hydrologic environment of the wetland areas and be harmful to the wildlife habitat. In order to determine what affect changes in water management might have on ground-water levels in the wetland areas, detailed data were collected from Crane Meadows Wildlife Area, which is on an island in the Platte River near Grand Island, Nebr. Ground-water levels beneath the island respond to changes in river stage, to recharge from snowmelt and precipitation, and to evapotranspiration by riparian vegetation and from areas where the water table is close to the land surface. The data show that ground-water levels respond rapidly to changes in river stage-usually within 24 hours for distances up to 2,500 feet from the edge of the river. Thus changes in river stage due to changes in surface-water diversions will not have a long-term effect on ground-water levels. Changes in ground-water withdrawals will have the double effect of changing ground-water levels due to changes in drawdown and due to changes in river stage caused by the effects of pumping on river flow. These effects will develop slowly and be long lasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811109","usgsCitation":"Hurr, R.T., 1981, Ground-water hydrology of the Mormon Island Crane Meadows wildlife area near Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1109, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811109.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398556,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Hall County","otherGeospatial":"Mormon Island Crane Meadows wildlife area near Grand Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.37741851806639,\n 40.82160395916235\n ],\n [\n -98.36797714233398,\n 40.82160395916235\n ],\n [\n -98.36797714233398,\n 40.82712467108559\n ],\n [\n -98.37741851806639,\n 40.82712467108559\n ],\n [\n -98.37741851806639,\n 40.82160395916235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurr, R. Theodore","contributorId":27023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Theodore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9633,"text":"ofr81630 - 1981 - Hydrogeology of well-field areas near Tampa, Florida; Phase I, development and documentation of a two-dimensional finite-difference model for simulation of steady-state ground-water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T07:15:21","indexId":"ofr81630","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-630","title":"Hydrogeology of well-field areas near Tampa, Florida; Phase I, development and documentation of a two-dimensional finite-difference model for simulation of steady-state ground-water flow","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-difference model was developed for simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Floridan aquifer throughout a 932-square-mile area, which contains nine municipal well fields. The overlying surficial aquifer contains a constant-head water table and is coupled to the Floridan aquifer by a leakage term that represents flow through a confining layer separating the two aquifers. Under the steady-state condition, all storage terms are set to zero. Utilization of the head-controlled flux condition allows head and flow to vary at the model-grid boundaries. Procedures are described to calibrate the model, test its sensitivity to input-parameter errors, and verify its accuracy for predictive purposes. Also included are attachments that describe setting up and running the model. An example model-interrogation run shows anticipated drawdowns that should result from pumping at the newly constructed Cross Bar Ranch and Morris Bridge well fields. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81630","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, C.B., Johnson, D.M., and Gerhart, J.M., 1981, Hydrogeology of well-field areas near Tampa, Florida; Phase I, development and documentation of a two-dimensional finite-difference model for simulation of steady-state ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-630, vi, 135 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81630.","productDescription":"vi, 135 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0630/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":275906,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0630/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6149ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Dale M.","contributorId":58273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerhart, James M.","contributorId":35717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9640,"text":"ofr81743 - 1981 - Short papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System, 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T18:26:12","indexId":"ofr81743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-743","title":"Short papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System, 1981","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81743","usgsCitation":"1981, Short papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System, 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-743, viii, 262 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81743.","productDescription":"viii, 262 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0743/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0743/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3f81","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Taylor, Michael E.","contributorId":77530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749888,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9644,"text":"ofr81143 - 1981 - Aquatic biology of the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek drainage basins, Redwood National Park, Humboldt and Del Norte counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-22T22:21:27.062244","indexId":"ofr81143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-143","title":"Aquatic biology of the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek drainage basins, Redwood National Park, Humboldt and Del Norte counties, California","docAbstract":"A 2-year study of the aquatic biota in the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek drainage basins of Redwood National Park indicated that the aquatic productivity is low.
Densities of coliform bacteria were low except in Prairie Creek, a tributary to Redwood Creek, where a State park, county fish hatchery, grazing land, lumber mill, and scattered residential areas are potential sources of fecal coliform bacteria.
Benthic invertebrate data indicated a diverse fauna which varied considerably between streams and among stream sections. Noteworthy findings include: (1) benthic invertebrates rapidly recolonized the streambed following a major storm, and (2) man-caused disruption or sedimentation of the streambed during low flow can result in drastic reductions of the benthic invertebrate community.
Seven species of fish representing species typically found in northern California coastal streams were captured during the study. Nonparametric statistical tests indicate that condition factors of steelhead trout were significantly larger at sampling stations with more insolation, regardless of drainage basin land-use history.
Periphyton and phytoplankton communities were diverse, variable in numbers, and dominated by diatoms. Seston concentrations were extremely variable between stations and at each station sampled.
The seston is influenced seasonally by aquatic productivity at each station and amount of allochthonous material from the terrestrial ecosystem. Time-series analysis of some seston data indicated larger and sharper peak concentrations being flushed from the logged drainage basin than from the control drainage basin. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr81143","usgsCitation":"Iwatsubo, R.T., and Averett, R., 1981, Aquatic biology of the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek drainage basins, Redwood National Park, Humboldt and Del Norte counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-143, v, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81143.","productDescription":"v, 115 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0143/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Del Norte County, Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.04388427734374,\n 41.20242295382758\n ],\n [\n -123.93951416015626,\n 41.20242295382758\n ],\n [\n -123.93951416015626,\n 41.24890252240322\n ],\n [\n -124.04388427734374,\n 41.24890252240322\n ],\n [\n -124.04388427734374,\n 41.20242295382758\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db67a08a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwatsubo, Rick T.","contributorId":11602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averett, R. C.","contributorId":35709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9647,"text":"ofr81161 - 1981 - Fission-track ages of air-fall tuffs in Miocene sedimentary rocks of the Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:13","indexId":"ofr81161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-161","title":"Fission-track ages of air-fall tuffs in Miocene sedimentary rocks of the Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81161","usgsCitation":"Izett, G.A., and Naeser, C.W., 1981, Fission-track ages of air-fall tuffs in Miocene sedimentary rocks of the Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-161, 10 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81161.","productDescription":"10 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef3f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izett, Glen Arthur","contributorId":90303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izett","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naeser, Charles W.","contributorId":76281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9648,"text":"ofr81574 - 1981 - Documentation of a FORTRAN program, 'isocomp', for computing isostatic residual gravity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:09","indexId":"ofr81574","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-574","title":"Documentation of a FORTRAN program, 'isocomp', for computing isostatic residual gravity","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81574","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R.C., and Roberts, C.W., 1981, Documentation of a FORTRAN program, 'isocomp', for computing isostatic residual gravity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-574, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81574.","productDescription":"26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0574/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0574/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d78c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Carter W.","contributorId":45282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9651,"text":"ofr81256 - 1981 - Interpretation of D.C. resistivity, VLF, and total magnetic field intensity measurements of Kilauea Iki lava lake, 1979-1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:09","indexId":"ofr81256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-256","title":"Interpretation of D.C. resistivity, VLF, and total magnetic field intensity measurements of Kilauea Iki lava lake, 1979-1980","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81256","usgsCitation":"Jackson, D.B., and Zablocki, C.J., 1981, Interpretation of D.C. resistivity, VLF, and total magnetic field intensity measurements of Kilauea Iki lava lake, 1979-1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-256, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81256.","productDescription":"29 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0256/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Dallas B.","contributorId":19947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Dallas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zablocki, Charles J.","contributorId":48961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9667,"text":"ofr81117 - 1981 - Seismicity near Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1976-1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:09","indexId":"ofr81117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-117","title":"Seismicity near Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1976-1978","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81117","usgsCitation":"Jaksha, L.H., and Locke, J., 1981, Seismicity near Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1976-1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-117, 18 p.; maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81117.","productDescription":"18 p.; maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37397,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa90f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaksha, Lawrence H.","contributorId":75921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaksha","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Jerry","contributorId":103678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9687,"text":"ofr811195 - 1981 - Low-flow characteristics of Ohio streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr811195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1195","title":"Low-flow characteristics of Ohio streams","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811195","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D., and Metzker, K., 1981, Low-flow characteristics of Ohio streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1195, v, 292 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811195.","productDescription":"v, 292 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37406,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, D.P.","contributorId":76297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metzker, K.D.","contributorId":80272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzker","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9691,"text":"ofr81669 - 1981 - A laboratory study of some physical properties of sulfide ores in igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Burnt Nubble area, Somerset County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr81669","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-669","title":"A laboratory study of some physical properties of sulfide ores in igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Burnt Nubble area, Somerset County, Maine","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81669","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.R., and Anderson, L.A., 1981, A laboratory study of some physical properties of sulfide ores in igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Burnt Nubble area, Somerset County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-669, 24 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81669.","productDescription":"24 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0669/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37410,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0669/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gordon R.","contributorId":90725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Lennart A.","contributorId":106111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lennart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9696,"text":"ofr81140 - 1981 - Fluoride concentrations in water from four principal coastal plain aquifer systems, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-14T16:24:46.592512","indexId":"ofr81140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-140","title":"Fluoride concentrations in water from four principal coastal plain aquifer systems, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Ample supplies of ground water are available throughout most of the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, but in many places the fluoride concentrations far exceed (as high as 5.8 mg/L, milligrams per liter) the MCL (maximum concentration limit) established for drinking water by the EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) and SCDHEC (South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control).
Fluoridation of drinking water for the prevention of dental caries is a well known practice in many parts of the country. Low concentrations of fluoride have an apparent beneficial effect whereas high concentrations may cause dental fluorosis (mottled teeth enamel) in young children. The recommended concentration of fluoride, as established by EPA (1975) in South Carolina ranges from 1.4 to about 2.4 mg/L depending on the daily air temperature (tables 1 and 2). A lower fluoride concentration in drinking water is considered optimum in areas of high air temperature because generally more water is consumed by individuals in these areas. The total fluoride intake in a warm area where the concentration is low, therefore, will be approximately the same as in a cooler area where the concentration is higher. However, it has been established by SCDHEC that the MCL for fluoride in public drinking water in the coastal areas will be 1.6 mg/L (R. Lewis Shaw, written commun., 1976).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P.W., and Rhett, J., 1981, Fluoride concentrations in water from four principal coastal plain aquifer systems, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-140, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81140.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de68c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Phillip W.","contributorId":27422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhett, James M.","contributorId":60217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhett","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9701,"text":"ofr81195 - 1981 - Pattern-recognition program modified and applied to southeastern United States seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-09T18:38:10.259916","indexId":"ofr81195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-195","title":"Pattern-recognition program modified and applied to southeastern United States seismicity","docAbstract":"The pattern-recognition technique of Bongard and others (1966), Gelfand and others (1976), and Briggs and others (1977) was modified and applied in Southeastern United States to try to detect combinations or interactions of geologic, geophysical, and topographic parameters characteristic of areas with moderate and large earthquakes. The modification involved replacing the operator-defined criteria for significance of association of parameters and earthquakes with statistical estimates of significance. This was done in order to decrease the probability of random associations and to increase the flexibility of the pattern-recognition technique. The binomial distribution was used to determine the probability that each particular association could have occurred by chance. Bonferroni's inequality was invoked to determine a conservative significance level for each of the binomial tests. However, without being able to quantify the dependence among the associations, it is not possible to statistically evaluate the group of binomial tests as a whole. Preliminary results identify four independent associations characterizing spatially independent earthquake epicenters, or \"dangerous\" points, and seven independent associations characterizing the intervening \"safe\" points. When all points were reclassified using these traits, all epicenters were correctly classified as dangerous. In addition, three \"safe\" points were reclassified as dangerous and appear to be potential sites for future earthquakes. However, it is not possible to determine the degree of dangerousness of the points using this reclassification scheme. Two dangerous zones emerge in the northeast and southwest portions of the study area. Epicenters outside of these zones, including those of the large historic earthquakes (MMI > VIII) in Giles County, Virginia, and Charleston, South Carolina, have not been well characterized by the significant associations and may have fundamentally different causes.
We have taken advantage of the recent increase in strong-motion data at close distances to derive new attenuation relations for peak horizontal acceleration and velocity. Acceleration data from 183 recordings of 24 earthquakes and velocity data from 62 recordings of 10 earthquakes have been used. This new analysis uses a magnitude-independent shape for the attenuation curve based on geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation. A magnitude-dependent shape could be accommodated by the method, but the data do not support it. An innovation in technique is introduced that decouples the determination of the distance dependence of the data from the magnitude dependence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81365","usgsCitation":"Joyner, W.B., Boore, D.M., and Porcella, R.L., 1981, Peak horizontal acceleration and velocity from strong motion records including records from the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-365, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81365.","productDescription":"46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405015,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0365/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0365/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.58029174804686,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -114.67391967773436,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -114.67391967773436,\n 33.002905178377304\n ],\n [\n -115.58029174804686,\n 33.002905178377304\n ],\n [\n -115.58029174804686,\n 32.713355353177555\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6889cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyner, William B.","contributorId":39786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":160188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porcella, Ronald L.","contributorId":26674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":67534,"text":"i1256 - 1981 - Geologic map of Owyhee County, Idaho, west of longitude 116 degrees W.","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42900,"text":"ofr78341 - 1978 - Preliminary geologic map of the west half of Owyhee County, Idaho","indexId":"ofr78341","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the west half of Owyhee County, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67534,"text":"i1256 - 1981 - Geologic map of Owyhee County, Idaho, west of longitude 116 degrees W.","indexId":"i1256","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of Owyhee County, Idaho, west of longitude 116 degrees W."},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:25","indexId":"i1256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1256","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of Owyhee County, Idaho, west of longitude 116 degrees W.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1256","usgsCitation":"Ekren, E.B., McIntyre, D.H., Bennett, E.H., and Malde, H., 1981, Geologic map of Owyhee County, Idaho, west of longitude 116 degrees W.: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1256, 1 map :col. ;156 x 57 cm. on 2 sheets 80 x 87 cm. and 101 x 116 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1256.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;156 x 57 cm. on 2 sheets 80 x 87 cm. and 101 x 116 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":106668,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9085.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9085"}],"scale":"25000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.08333333333333,42 ], [ -117.08333333333333,43.75 ], [ -116,43.75 ], [ -116,42 ], [ -117.08333333333333,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ekren, E. B.","contributorId":14371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekren","given":"E.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, D. H.","contributorId":45726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, E. H.","contributorId":39041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malde, H.E.","contributorId":65863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malde","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9730,"text":"ofr811012 - 1981 - Quality of water and time of travel in Goodwater and Okatoma Creeks near Magee, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T20:46:26.569307","indexId":"ofr811012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1012","title":"Quality of water and time of travel in Goodwater and Okatoma Creeks near Magee, Mississippi","docAbstract":"An intensive quality-of-water study was conducted during a period of generally low streamflow in Goodwater and Okatoma Creeks near Magee, Miss. During the August 12-14, 1980, study, the mean specific conductance of the water at all sites was less than 59 micromhos per centimeter; the dissolved-oxygen concentrations were greater than 5.0 milligrams per liter: pH values ranged from 6.0 to 6.8, and the mean water temperature ranged from 23.0 to 27.0 Celsius. The biochemical oxygen demand and nutrient concentrations at the downstream sampling sites were higher in Goodwater Creek than in Okatoma Creek. The maximum 5-day biochemical oxygen demand was 2.7 milligrams per liter in Goodwater Creek and 1.5 milligrams per liter in Okatoma Creek. The mean concentration of total nitrogen was 1.0 and 0.71 milligrams per liter and the mean total phosphorus concentration was 0.26 and 0.10 milligrams per liter at the downstream sites on Goodwater and Okatoma Creeks, respectively. Fecal coliform densities generally were high at all sites, exceeding 4,000 colonies per 100 milliliters in both Goodwater and Okatoma Creeks. Objectionable concentrations of total cadmium, mercury, iron, and phenol were present in a sample of water. Dieldrin, chlordane, DDD, DDE, and DDT were present in a sample of bottom material collected at the downstream site of Okatoma Creek. The peak concentration of dye injected into Goodwater Creek traveled through a 1.7-mile reach at a rate of 0.3 mile per hour.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Pollution Control","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 1981, Quality of water and time of travel in Goodwater and Okatoma Creeks near Magee, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1012, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811012.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398783,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1012/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"Magee","otherGeospatial":"Goodwater and Okatoma Creeks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.74662780761719,\n 31.86662415700802\n ],\n [\n -89.70062255859374,\n 31.86662415700802\n ],\n [\n -89.70062255859374,\n 31.899857932299323\n ],\n [\n -89.74662780761719,\n 31.899857932299323\n ],\n [\n -89.74662780761719,\n 31.86662415700802\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545d9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J.","contributorId":87231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9731,"text":"ofr811069 - 1981 - Quality of water and time of travel in Little Copiah Creek near Crystal Springs, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:24","indexId":"ofr811069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1069","title":"Quality of water and time of travel in Little Copiah Creek near Crystal Springs, Mississippi","docAbstract":"An intensive quality of water study was conducted on Little Copiah Creek in the vicinity of Crystal Springs, Miss., from August 19 to August 21, 1980. The quality of water in Little Copiah Creek improved 7 miles downstream of a source of wastewater inflow. The mean total nitrogen concentration decreased from 17 to 1.1 milligrams per liter and the mean total phosphorus concentrations decreased from 5.8 to 0.39 milligrams per liter. The maximum five-day biochemical oxygen demand decreased from 14 to 1.4 milligrams per liter while the dissolved-oxygen concentration increased from 2.0 to 6.9 milligrams per liter. The maximum fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus densities at the upstream sampling site were 2,200 and 6,700 colonies per 100 milliliter, respectively, and were observed to decrease downstream to 160 and 1,500 colonies per 100 milliliters. The mean stream temperatures decreased downstream only slightly from 26.5 to 25.0 Celsius and the pH of the water ranged from 7.2 to 7.4 units upstream and 6.5 to 7.0 units at the downstream site. The average rate of dye travel through the upstream 2.3 mile reach was 0.08 miles per hour during the study. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811069","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S., 1981, Quality of water and time of travel in Little Copiah Creek near Crystal Springs, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1069, v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811069.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37475,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db65176e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9733,"text":"ofr81406 - 1981 - Quality of water in Tibbee Creek and tributaries near West Point, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-10T13:46:14.777396","indexId":"ofr81406","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-406","title":"Quality of water in Tibbee Creek and tributaries near West Point, Mississippi","docAbstract":"An intensive water-quality study was conducted on Tibbee Creek and two of its tributaries, Town Creek and Catalpa Creek, on June 19-22, 1979. The data were collected during a period of low discharge and high air temperatures. The water in Tibbee Creek and Catalpa Creek was of much better quality than water in Town Creek. Large quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved solids and high densities of fecal coliform were present in Town Creek. The five-day biochemical oxygen demand values averaged 14 mg/L, and the mean total nitrogen concentration was 56 mg/L. The mean concentrations of ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, and organic nitrogen were 1.8 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 3.7 mg/L, respectively. A total phosphorus load of more than 400 pounds per day, more than 91 percent of the total phosphorus load leaving the study area, was carried by Town Creek into Tibbee Creek. Total phosphorus concentrations averaged 14 mg/L in Town Creek and 0.11 and 0.12 mg/L in Tibbee and Catalpa Creeks respectively. Bacterial densities were higher at site 2 in Town Creek than at sites 1 and 3 in Tibbee and Catalpa Creeks respectively. The median fecal coliform bacterial density was 25,000 col/100 mL (colonies per 100 milliliters) in Town Creek and less than 200 col/100 mL in Tibbee and Catalpa Creeks. Median fecal streptococcal densities were 1,000 col/100 mL in Town Creek, 210 col/100 mL in Tibbee Creek, and 800 col/100 mL in Catalpa Creek. Fecal coliform to fecal streptococcal ratios were greater than 4.0 in Town Creek, indicating wastes of human origin were probably present during the study. Ratios were less than 0.7 in Tibbee and Catalpa Creeks, indicating human wastes were probably absent during the study.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81991","usgsCitation":"Kane, J.S., and Smith, H., 1981, Analysis of Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Department samples by rapid rock and atomic absorption procedures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-991, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81991.","productDescription":"58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0991/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0991/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Egypt","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[34.9226,29.50133],[34.64174,29.09942],[34.42655,28.34399],[34.15451,27.8233],[33.92136,27.6487],[33.58811,27.97136],[33.13676,28.41765],[32.42323,29.85108],[32.32046,29.76043],[32.73482,28.70523],[33.34876,27.69989],[34.10455,26.14227],[34.47387,25.59856],[34.79507,25.03375],[35.69241,23.92671],[35.49372,23.75237],[35.52598,23.10244],[36.69069,22.20485],[36.86623,22],[32.9,22],[29.02,22],[25,22],[25,25.6825],[25,29.23865],[24.70007,30.04419],[24.95762,30.6616],[24.80287,31.08929],[25.16482,31.56915],[26.49533,31.58568],[27.45762,31.32126],[28.45048,31.02577],[28.91353,30.87005],[29.68342,31.18686],[30.09503,31.4734],[30.97693,31.55586],[31.68796,31.4296],[31.96041,30.9336],[32.19247,31.26034],[32.99392,31.02407],[33.7734,30.96746],[34.26544,31.21936],[34.9226,29.50133]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Egypt\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680c09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Jean S.","contributorId":22359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Hezekiah","contributorId":12860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Hezekiah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}