{"pageNumber":"4886","pageRowStart":"122125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70197686,"text":"70197686 - 1986 - Tectonic evolution of Northwest California and Southwest Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T10:08:49","indexId":"70197686","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5712,"text":"Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of Northwest California and Southwest Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Tectonostratigraphic terrances in northwest California and southwest Oregon record a complex history of subduction, collision, and transform faulting. During the late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny, the Elder Creek-Snow Camp and western Klamath terranes were imbricated during collision of an island-arc system with the continental margin. Subsequent collisions are recorded in the Pickett Peak (Early Cretaceous) and Yolla Bolly (middle Cretaceous) terranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","doi":"10.2113/gssgfbull.II.6.921","usgsCitation":"Blake, M.C., and Jayko, A.S., 1986, Tectonic evolution of Northwest California and Southwest Oregon: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. 11, no. 6, p. 921-930, https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.II.6.921.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"921","endPage":"930","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jayko, Angela S. 0000-0002-7378-0330 ajayko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":2531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"Angela","email":"ajayko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":738177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207375,"text":"70207375 - 1986 - Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T06:53:31","indexId":"70207375","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-18T12:47:47","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>The tholeiitic flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group of middle and late Miocene age cover more than 200,000 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The most voluminous formation of the Group, the Grande Ronde Basalt, erupted for 2 m.y. from north-northwest-trending fissure systems concentrated in southeast Washington and adjacent Oregon and Idaho. Four magnetostratigraphic units (designated R<sub>1</sub>, N<sub>1</sub>, R<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>from oldest to youngest) are recognized on the basis of polarity in the Grande Ronde and provide the broad stratigraphic framework for the formation. In this study, major-element chemistry and relative stratigraphic position within the polarity intervals are used to identify and correlate individual flows and sequences of flows within the Grande Ronde Basalt on a regional scale.</p><p>Systematic examination of more than 350 analyses from 47 stratigraphic sections show that most flows fall into one of five major chemical groupings, which are distinguished primarily by small but significant variations in MgO, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>content. In addition, four minor chemical types local to the eastern part of the province have been identified. Feeder dikes of each chemical type have also been located.</p><p>Flows or packets of flows of each chemical type can be correlated between field sections to define specific chemical-stratigraphic subunits. These subunits consist of several flows collectively 30–150 m thick. Subunits of most chemical types are repeated at irregular intervals throughout the formation; no progressive chemical trend occurs within the Grande Ronde.</p><p>Many of the chemical-stratigraphic subunits extend to the margins of the province, although most are confined to the source region in eastern Washington. Although the total number of subunits is less in the west away from the fissure systems, the total thicknesses of the N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and R<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>magnetostratigraphic units are each as thick or thicker than the corresponding units in eastern Washington. The greatest thicknesses occur in the central part of the province within the Pasco basin.</p><p>The distribution of basalt relative to the location of vents, as well as the relative east-west thicknesses, suggests that basalt flowed hundreds of kilometres westward during the most voluminous Grande Ronde eruptions, ponding against the irregular margin of the Cascade Range and being diverted through the ancestral Columbia Gorge toward the Washington-Oregon coast. Between these huge sheetflood events, smaller eruptions blanketed areas within the source region, and ongoing regional subsidence created a shallow westward-draining basin in the center of the province.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1300:RCOGRB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Wright, T., Swanson, D., and Byerly, G.R., 1986, Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA): GSA Bulletin, v. 97, no. 11, p. 1300-1318, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1300:RCOGRB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1318","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.4423828125,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3984375,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.970703125,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              44.15068115978094\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3115234375,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.740234375,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.861572265625,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.27929687499999,\n              43.91372326852401\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1142578125,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.98242187499999,\n              44.86365630540611\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.630859375,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.50976562499999,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18017578125,\n              46.9052455464292\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13623046874999,\n              47.60616304386874\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.410888671875,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              47.96050238891509\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4755859375,\n              46.37725420510028\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.4423828125,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byerly, G. R.","contributorId":6826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerly","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207312,"text":"70207312 - 1986 - The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T13:37:33.216588","indexId":"70207312","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-16T15:46:03","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Juan Basin of northwest New Mexico and southwest Colorado contains several Upper Cretaceous coal-bearing formations. The coals in these formations were deposited in environments associated with repeated transgressions and regressions of the Western Interior seaway in Late Cretaceous time. A detailed subsurface and surface study of the coal beds in one of these units, the Fruitland Formation, formed the basis for a coal-depositional model (Fassett and Hinds, 1971). This model basically shows that the thickest Fruitland coals formed landward of thickly stacked sandstone beds of the regressive-marine Pictured Cliffs Sandstone. Transferability of the Fruitland coal model was tested by comparing it to another San Juan Basin coal-bearing rock unit, the lower Menefee Formation. Lower Menefee coal deposits were formed in association with the Point Lookout Sandstone, an older regressive-marine unit. The purpose of this comparison was to see if thick lower Menefee coal beds were also concentrated adjacent to thick vertical shoreface-sandstone buildups. This comparison showed that even though thick sandstone buildups were found in the Point Lookout, no thick coal beds were found in the lower Menefee Formation adjacent to them. This test suggests that certain coal depositional models may have limited value as predictive tools and must be used with caution by coal explorationists. Even more importantly, potential coal-bearing areas should never be written off simply because they do not fit a previously described model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE210-p155","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J.E., 1986, The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado: GSA Special Papers, v. 210, p. 155-171, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE210-p155.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0562744140625,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0562744140625,\n              37.4530574713902\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              37.4530574713902\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"210","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, James E. jfassett@usgs.gov","contributorId":73590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"James","email":"jfassett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":777649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014828,"text":"70014828 - 1986 - Petroleum associated with polymetallic sulfide in sediment from Gorda Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-25T15:59:54.481273","indexId":"70014828","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum associated with polymetallic sulfide in sediment from Gorda Ridge","docAbstract":"<p><span>A sediment sample, impregnated with asphaltic petroleum and polymetallic sulfide, was dredged from the southern end of Gorda Ridge (the Escanaba Trough) off northern California, within the offshore Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States. The molecular distributions of hydrocarbons in this petroleum show that it was probably derived from terrestrial organic matter in turbidite sediment filling the Escanaba Trough. Hydrothermal activity at the Gorda Ridge spreading center provided the heat for petroleum formation and was the source of fluids for sulfide mineralization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.234.4781.1231","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., Rapp, J.B., Hostettler, F., Morton, J.L., King, J.D., and Claypool, G., 1986, Petroleum associated with polymetallic sulfide in sediment from Gorda Ridge: Science, v. 234, no. 4781, p. 1231-1234, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4781.1231.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1234","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gorda Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.69231378781924,\n              42.169044706587556\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.69231378781924,\n              40.05112564768223\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25772155727577,\n              40.05112564768223\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25772155727577,\n              42.169044706587556\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.69231378781924,\n              42.169044706587556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"234","issue":"4781","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77bde4b0c8380cd7857b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morton, J. L.","contributorId":56196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, J. D.","contributorId":71577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1007555,"text":"1007555 - 1986 - Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T16:04:58.396946","indexId":"1007555","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments","docAbstract":"<p><i>Salvia mellifera</i><span>&nbsp;seeds from coastal sage, chaparral and desert scrub in southern California failed to germinate in the dark unless exposed to powdered charred wood. This pattern was observed for seeds given a one month stratification at 5 C and for ones not stratified and also for seeds incubated under continuous 23 C or a diurnal alternation of 13 C/23 C. Dark inhibition of germination was also overcome, but only in seeds from chaparral populations, if seeds were incubated on commercial potting soil under alternating 13 C/23 C. Seeds in the light germinated readily in all but one population from desert scrub vegetation. Germination of seeds from this population was markedly stimulated by dry heating of the seeds at either 70 C for 5 h or 115 C for 5 min. For all populations there were numerous significant interactions between incubation temperature, pre-chilling stratification, light, and heating/charred wood treatments. Timing of germination was remarkably consistent between populations; the vast majority of seeds germinated within the first week at 23 C (or 13 C/23 C) regardless of whether or not they had received a pre-chilling treatment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00377311","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1986, Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments: Oecologia, v. 71, no. 1, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377311.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121257,"text":"70121257 - 1986 - Use of the instream flow incremental methodology: a tool for negotiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T13:37:07","indexId":"70121257","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T13:34:23","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1544,"text":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the instream flow incremental methodology: a tool for negotiation","docAbstract":"The resolution of conflicts arising from differing values and water uses requires technical information and negotiating skills. This article outlines the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM), developed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and demonstrates that its use to quantify flows necessary to protect desired instream values aids negotiation by illustrating areas of agreement and possible compromises between conflicting water interests. Pursuant to a Section 404 permit application to the US Army Corps of Engineers made by City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri, in 1978, IFIM provided the means by which City Utilities, concerned with a secure water supply for a growing population, and those advocating instream values were satisfied that their requirements were met. In tracing the 15-month process, the authors conclude that the application of IFIM, as well as the cooperative stance adopted by the parties involved, were the key ingredients of the successful permit application.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Inc.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0195-9255(86)90027-2","usgsCitation":"Cavendish, M., and Duncan, M.I., 1986, Use of the instream flow incremental methodology: a tool for negotiation: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 6, no. 4, p. 347-363, https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-9255(86)90027-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292654,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-9255(86)90027-2"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b65ae4b09d12e0e8e711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cavendish, Mary G.","contributorId":37263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavendish","given":"Mary G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, Margaret I.","contributorId":54896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231439,"text":"70231439 - 1986 - Use of AVHRR data in an information system for fire management in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:53:01.365763","indexId":"70231439","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T11:44:03","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of AVHRR data in an information system for fire management in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"December 4-10, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Nairobi, Kenya","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.A., Howard, S.M., and Moore, D.G., 1986, Use of AVHRR data in an information system for fire management in the western United States, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 1, Nairobi, Kenya, December 4-10, 1986, p. 67-79.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://symposia.org/past_symposia.htm"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n  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wamiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Wayne","email":"wamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70121382,"text":"70121382 - 1986 - A population model for a long-lived, resprouting chaparral shrub: <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T11:30:36","indexId":"70121382","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T11:28:11","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A population model for a long-lived, resprouting chaparral shrub: <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i>","docAbstract":"Extensive stands of <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i> H.&A. (chamise) in the chaparral of California are periodically rejuvenated by fire. A population model based on size-specific demographic characteristics (thinning and fire-caused mortality) was developed to generate probable age distributions within size classes and survivorship curves for typical stands. The model was modified to assess the long term effects of different mortality rates on age distributions. Under observed mean mortality rates (28.7%), model output suggests some shrubs can survive more than 23 fires. A 10% increase in mortality rate by size class slightly shortened the survivorship curve, while a 10% decrease in mortality rate by size class greatly elongated the curve. This approach may be applicable to other long-lived plant species with complex life histories.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(86)90007-4","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., and Rundel, P.W., 1986, A population model for a long-lived, resprouting chaparral shrub: <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i>: Ecological Modelling, v. 34, no. 3-4, p. 245-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(86)90007-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292771,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(86)90007-4"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707cee4b05ec1f2431b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186157,"text":"70186157 - 1986 - Preconcentration of trace elements from aqueous solutions by osmosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T20:01:50","indexId":"70186157","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preconcentration of trace elements from aqueous solutions by osmosis","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society ","doi":"10.1021/ac00127a070","usgsCitation":"Stec, R., Koirtyohann, S.R., and Taylor, H., 1986, Preconcentration of trace elements from aqueous solutions by osmosis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 58, no. 14, p. 3240-3242, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00127a070.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"3240","endPage":"3242","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699cc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stec, R.J.","contributorId":190180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stec","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koirtyohann, S. R.","contributorId":44287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koirtyohann","given":"S.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, H.D.","contributorId":190181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014716,"text":"70014716 - 1986 - Effects of pentachlorophenol on methanogenic fermentation of phenol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T17:31:40.262057","indexId":"70014716","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of pentachlorophenol on methanogenic fermentation of phenol","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01623507","usgsCitation":"Godsy, E.M., Goerlitz, D., and Ehrlich, G.G., 1986, Effects of pentachlorophenol on methanogenic fermentation of phenol: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 271-277, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01623507.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a077be4b0c8380cd51703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godsy, E. Michael","contributorId":45842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goerlitz, D.F.","contributorId":8445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goerlitz","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ehrlich, G. G.","contributorId":89126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehrlich","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007564,"text":"1007564 - 1986 - Foraging strategies of Glaucous-winged Gulls in rocky intertidal communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:05:49.657429","indexId":"1007564","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging strategies of Glaucous-winged Gulls in rocky intertidal communities","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939077","usgsCitation":"Irons, D., Anthony, R.G., and Estes, J.A., 1986, Foraging strategies of Glaucous-winged Gulls in rocky intertidal communities: Ecology, v. 67, p. 1460-1474, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939077.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1460","endPage":"1474","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de47a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irons, David B.","contributorId":272506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"David B.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":206136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70200537,"text":"70200537 - 1986 - Sedimentary deposits in the northern lowland plains, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T11:37:33","indexId":"70200537","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-30T11:36:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary deposits in the northern lowland plains, Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lowland plains on Mars have surfaces marked by large polygonal fracture patterns. It was recently proposed that the fracture patterns were developed on sedimentary deposits from outflow channels. We support this hypothesis because of the following observations. (1) Polygonal fracture patterns tend to occur in low areas on Mars that apparently received influx of sediments; the area of northern plains, in which the fractures occur, also forms a regional low. (2) The fracture patterns are concentrated near reentrants of the plains projecting into the southern highlands. Not only are these reentrants associated with outflow channels, but channels and polygonally fractured deposits have similar ages. (3) Sinuous ridges at the mouths of Martian outflow channels resemble ridges in Antarctic ice streams and ice shelves; the similarity suggests that the Martian material was transported from the southern highlands toward the northern plains, as the Antarctic material is transported from the continent toward the adjacent ocean. Overall, it appears that a massive transfer of material took place midway in Martian history, either through the outflow channels or elsewhere along the northern highland scarp, and that this material probably formed the deposits now characterized by polygonal fracture patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB13p0E166","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., Ferguson, H., and Summers, C., 1986, Sedimentary deposits in the northern lowland plains, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B13, p. E166-E174, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB13p0E166.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"E166","endPage":"E174","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferguson, H.M.","contributorId":61083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Summers, C.H.","contributorId":48389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013729,"text":"1013729 - 1986 - Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-23T16:26:51.751302","indexId":"1013729","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17824,"text":"Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Blinded, pinealectomized, or blinded and pinealectomized female channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) were placed with normal (unoperated on) control fish in outdoor tanks at constant temperature (21 ± 2 C) or earthen ponds (ambient conditions) in February or August, when they were 21 or 27 mo old. Fish were sampled through the following reproductive season. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma estrogen concentration changed seasonally in 3-yr-old fish, but the changes were less marked or lacking in 2-yr-olds. The GSI levels of sexually mature (≥3 years old) fish peaked about a month earlier in the tanks than in the ponds; the estrogen peak for fish in the tanks was lower than that for pond fish. All experimental fish (both ages) in ponds delayed ovarian resorption for about 1 mo, compared with normal control fish. Exposure to constant 21 C water allowed earlier gonadal recrudescence. All groups of sexually mature fish that were surgically altered in August spawned during the following spring. Fish with eyes spawned earlier and had higher spawning percentages (control 68%, pinealectomized 75%) than did fish without eyes (blinded 50%, blinded and pinealectomized 56%). Neither the eyes nor the pineal is essential for spring gonadal maturation or for spawning in channel catfish, but one or both may have a role in timing these events. An annual internal oscillator that may be modified by environmental temperature is suggested as the primary control of reproductive cycling in the species. Light information obtained through the pineal, eyes, or both appears to affect the time of gonadal resorption.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/physzool.59.6.30158617","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.B., Goudie, C.A., Simco, B., MacGregor, R., and Parker, N., 1986, Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, v. 59, no. 6, p. 717-724, https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.59.6.30158617.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"724","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60227d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, K. B.","contributorId":83869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goudie, C. A.","contributorId":97851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simco, B.A.","contributorId":101216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simco","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacGregor, R. III","contributorId":56178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacGregor","given":"R.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014627,"text":"70014627 - 1986 - Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-25T16:27:17.352171","indexId":"70014627","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic","docAbstract":"Temperature profiles measured in permafrost in northernmost Alaska usually have anomalous curvature in the upper 100 meters or so. When analyzed by heat-conduction theory, the profiles indicate a variable but widespread secular warming of the permafrost surface, generally in the range of 2 to 4 Celsius degrees during the last few decades to a century. Although details of the climatic change cannot be resolved with existing data, there is little doubt of its general magnitude and timing; alternative explanations are limited by the fact that heat transfer in cold permafrost is exclusively by conduction. Since models of greenhouse warming predict climatic change will be greatest in the Arctic and might already be in progress, it is prudent to attempt to understand the rapidly changing thermal regime in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.234.4777.689","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A.H., and Marshall, B.V., 1986, Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic: Science, v. 234, no. 4777, p. 689-696, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4777.689.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"696","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225264,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaskan Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              68.78776745900396\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.06125074207813,\n              68.78776745900396\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.06125074207813,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"234","issue":"4777","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f43fe4b0c8380cd4bc1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, Arthur H.","contributorId":27850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, B. Vaughan","contributorId":83896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vaughan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223697,"text":"5223697 - 1986 - Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T15:58:10.964942","indexId":"5223697","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui","docAbstract":"<p><i>Neblinaria celiae</i><span>&nbsp;(Theaceae), a rosette shrub endemic to the exceedingly rainy summit of remote Cerro de la Neblina in southern Venezuela, has a previously undescribed set of adaptations to fire. Its growth form entails sparse branching, massive terminal leaf rosettes, and thick bark. It is highly fire-tolerant, with a survival rate of 93% in a stand recently ignited by lightning, vs. 0% in seven co-occurring woody species. Survival increases sharply with rosette height, favoring a sparsely branched habit that would maximize the rate of upward growth through the sparse fuel layer supported by a sterile substrate. Thick bark and massive rosettes help protect cambial and foliar meristems from brief exposure to high temperatures. Rosettes on shorter plants are exposed to greater damage from fire near the ground and, as expected, are bigger and impound more rainwater; the greater number of leaves nearly balances the greater leaf mortality caused by fire. We relate&nbsp;</span><i>Neblinaria's</i><span>&nbsp;growth form to its dominance atop Neblina, to a general model for the evolution of sparse branching, and to the evolution of growth form in other tepui plants.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sprinter Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00379892","usgsCitation":"Givnish, T., McDiarmid, R., and Buck, W., 1986, Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui: Oecologia, v. 70, no. 4, p. 481-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379892.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"485","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17712,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/m200807695337366/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f461d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Givnish, T.J.","contributorId":40317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givnish","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buck, W.R.","contributorId":61542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015688,"text":"70015688 - 1986 - Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:37:17.566177","indexId":"70015688","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ascension Submarine Canyon, which lies along the strike-slip (transform) dominated continental margin of central California, consists of two discrete northwestern heads and six less well defined southeastern heads. These eight heads coalesce to form a single submarine canyon near the 2700 m isobath. Detailed seismic stratigraphic data correlated with 19 rock dredge hauls from the walls of the canyon system, suggest that at least one of the two northwestern heads was initially eroded during a Pliocene lowstand of sea level ∼3.8 m.y. B.P. Paleogeographic reconstructions indicate that at this time, northwestern Ascension Canyon formed the distal channel of nearby Monterey Canyon and has subsequently been offset by right-lateral, strike-slip faulting along the San Gregorio fault zone. Some of the six southwestern heads of Ascension Canyon may also have been initially eroded as the distal portions of Monterey Canyon during late Pliocene-early Pleistocene sea-level lowstands (∼2.8 and 1.75 m.y. B.P.) and subsequently truncated and offset to the northwest.</span></p><p><span>There have also been a minimum of two canyon-cutting episodes within the past 750,000 years, after the entire Ascension Canyon system migrated to the northwest past Monterey Canyon. We attribute these late Pleistocene erosional events to relative lowstands of sea level 750,000 and 18,000 yrs B.P.</span></p><p><span>The late Pleistocene and Holocene evolution of the six southeastern heads also appears to have been controlled by structural uplift of the Ascension-Monterey basement high at the southeastern terminus of the Outer Santa Cruz Basin. We believe that uplift of this basement high sufficiently oversteepened submarine slopes to induce gravitational instability and generate mass movements that resulted in the erosion of the canyon heads.</span></p><p><span>Most significantly, though, our results and interpretations support previous proposals that submarine canyons along strike-slip continental margins can originate by tectonic trunction and lateral offset.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90019-8","usgsCitation":"Nagel, D., Mullins, H., and Greene, H., 1986, Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin: Marine Geology, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 285-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90019-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ascension Submarine Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.04220770410816,\n              36.837418886253005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04220770410816,\n              36.60219012527101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82811580419279,\n              36.60219012527101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82811580419279,\n              36.837418886253005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04220770410816,\n              36.837418886253005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb6e4b0c8380cd4996f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagel, D.K.","contributorId":23393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, H.T.","contributorId":76881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"H.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015522,"text":"70015522 - 1986 - Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:28:40.658909","indexId":"70015522","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine","docAbstract":"<p><span>Data from seismic-reflection profiles, sidescan sonar images, and sediment samples reveal the Holocene depositional history of the large (1100 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) glaciated Penobscot Bay estuary of coastal Maine. Previous work has shown that the late Wisconsinan ice sheet retreated from the three main passages of the bay between 12,700 and 13,500 years ago and was accompanied by a marine transgression during which ice and sea were in contact. Isostatic recovery of the crust caused the bay to emerge during the immediate postglacial period, and relative sea level fell to at least −40 m sometime between 9000 and 11,500 years ago.</span></p><p><span>During lowered sea level, the ancestral Penobscot River flowed across the subaerially exposed head of the bay and debouched into Middle Passage. Organic-matter-rich mud from the river was deposited rapidly in remnant, glacially scoured depressions in the lower reaches of Middle and West Passages behind a shallow (⩽20 m water depth) bedrock sill across the bay mouth. East Passage was isolated from the rest of the bay system and received only small amounts of locally derived fine-grained sediments.</span></p><p><span>During the Holocene transgression that accompanied the eustatic rise of sea level, the locus of sedimentation shifted to the head of the bay. Here, heterogeneous fluvial deposits filled the ancestral valley of the Penobscot River as base level rose, and the migrating surf zone created a gently dipping erosional unconformity, marked by a thin (&lt;2 m) lag deposit of coarse sand and gravel. As sea level continued to rise, a thin (⩽9 m) layer of acoustically transparent muddy sediments accumulated over a shallow platform in the eastern half of the bay head. Graded sediments within this stratum began to accumulate early in the transgression, and they record both the decrease in energy conditions and the waning influence of the Penobscot River at the head of the bay. In contrast, relatively thick (up to 25 m) silty clays accumulated within a subbottom trough in the western half of the bay head. This deposit apparently developed late in the transgression after sea level had reached −20 m and after the westward transport of fine-grained sediments from the Penobscot River had been established.</span></p><p><span>During and since the late Holocene transgression of sea level, waves and currents have eroded, reworked, and redistributed Holocene sediments: (1) atop the shallow margins; (2) within constricted channels; (3) around topographic highs; and (4) over the shallow bedrock sill at the bay mouth.</span></p><p><span>The variable distribution, characteristics, and thickness (0 to more than 30 m) of Holocene deposits in Penobscot Bay primarily reflect: (1) the irregular glacially eroded bedrock topography beneath the bay; (2) the paleogeography of the bay during the sea-level lowstand; (3) the postglacial location of the ancestral Penobscot River; and (4) the wave and current regime during and since the Holocene sea-level transgression.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90016-2","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., 1986, Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine: Marine Geology, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 215-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90016-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.03999551126985,\n              44.34162199068783\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.03999551126985,\n              44.101920406934624\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.75420601797863,\n              44.101920406934624\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.75420601797863,\n              44.34162199068783\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.03999551126985,\n              44.34162199068783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31dee4b0c8380cd5e2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206243,"text":"70206243 - 1986 - Field comparison of shallow seismic sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T13:22:01","indexId":"70206243","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-01T13:11:57","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field comparison of shallow seismic sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Choosing a seismic source for a shallow reflection survey can be the most pivotal decision for the engineering geophysicist. The intent of this paper is to present data that will assist in selection of a shallow seismic source best meeting the goals within the constraints of specific projects, particularly in areas where the water table is near the surface. The data were collected (and displayed as seismograms and amplitude spectra) for 15 different shallow seismic sources in October, 1985, at a single site in New Jersey; they show the different characteristics of each source. Considering the almost three orders of magnitude difference in total source energy between the largest and smallest source, we chose a display format that presented the data as objectively as possible, while still allowing direct source‐to‐source comparisons. Two strong reflections at about 100 and 130 ms probably mark the top and bottom of a clay unit 80 m below the surface at this site. Our previous work and that of our colleagues suggests that, given a specific set of site characteristics, any source could dominate the comparison categories addressed here.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442061","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.D., Pullan, S.E., Waldner, J., and Haeni, F., 1986, Field comparison of shallow seismic sources: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 11, p. 2067-2092, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442061.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"2067","endPage":"2092","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.49417114257812,\n              39.375445057297966\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.31324005126953,\n              39.375445057297966\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.31324005126953,\n              39.55647128357006\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.49417114257812,\n              39.55647128357006\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.49417114257812,\n              39.375445057297966\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":55517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pullan, S. E.","contributorId":87329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pullan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldner, J.S.","contributorId":69726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldner","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175214,"text":"70175214 - 1986 - Formation of methane and carbon dioxide from dimethylselenide in anoxic sediments and by a methanogenic bacterium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T18:06:59.001843","indexId":"70175214","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of methane and carbon dioxide from dimethylselenide in anoxic sediments and by a methanogenic bacterium","docAbstract":"<p><span>Anaerobic San Francisco Bay salt marsh sediments rapidly metabolized [</span><sup>14</sup><span>C]dimethylselenide (DMSe) to&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Addition of selective inhibitors (2-bromoethanesulfonic acid or molybdate) to these sediments indicated that both methanogenic and sulfate-respiring bacteria could degrade DMSe to gaseous products. However, sediments taken from the selenium-contaminated Kesterson Wildlife Refuge produced only&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;from [</span><sup>14</sup><span>C]DMSe, implying that methanogens were not important in the Kesterson samples. A pure culture of a dimethylsulfide (DMS)-grown methylotrophic methanogen converted [</span><sup>14</sup><span>C]DMSe to&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. However, the organism could not grow on DMSe. Addition of DMS to either sediments or the pure culture retarded the metabolism of DMSe. This effect appeared to be caused by competitive inhibition, thereby indicating a common enzyme system for DMS and DMSe metabolism. DMSe appears to be degraded as part of the DMS pool present in anoxic environments. These results suggest that methylotrophic methanogens may demethylate methylated forms of other metals and metalloids found in nature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.52.5.1031-1036.1986","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., and Zehr, J.P., 1986, Formation of methane and carbon dioxide from dimethylselenide in anoxic sediments and by a methanogenic bacterium: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1031-1036, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.52.5.1031-1036.1986.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1036","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480125,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.52.5.1031-1036.1986","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.5183140292261,\n              37.8295786034801\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49359479094507,\n              37.760126555701305\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.41669049406985,\n              37.77532476984072\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40570416594505,\n              37.731893014963944\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43042340422608,\n              37.61667561726212\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3068272128199,\n              37.54920141564425\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23816266203869,\n              37.47730686076508\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14752545500755,\n              37.462047598615285\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.11731305266363,\n              37.40752481071222\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98273053313231,\n              37.392251313541635\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90033307219485,\n              37.455506961327416\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02667584563248,\n              37.51435209873242\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0651279940701,\n              37.59926877498913\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.11181988860105,\n              37.627552824870605\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13928570891387,\n              37.70147561964424\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.27112164641373,\n              37.81656131813628\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2876011386011,\n              37.91196807962626\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36175885344487,\n              37.95529394664449\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21344342375731,\n              38.039705918073054\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28210797453886,\n              38.26648565352335\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51282086516387,\n              38.14130402181155\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54028668547636,\n              37.914134979411244\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5183140292261,\n              37.8295786034801\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42fe4b006cb45552c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zehr, Jon P.","contributorId":172749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zehr","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70217594,"text":"70217594 - 1986 - Groundwater Seepage Vectors and the Potential for Hillslope Failure and Debris Flow Mobilization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T14:54:40.443296","indexId":"70217594","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-31T08:51:51","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater Seepage Vectors and the Potential for Hillslope Failure and Debris Flow Mobilization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Insight for understanding the effect of groundwater flow on the potential for hillslope failure and liquefaction is provided by a novel limit‐equilibrium analysis of infinite slopes with steady, uniform Darcian seepage of arbitrary magnitude and direction. Normalization of the limit‐equilibrium solution shows that three dimensionless parameters govern completely the Coulomb failure potential of saturated, cohesionless, infinite homogeneous hillslopes: (1) the ratio of seepage force magnitude to gravitational body force magnitude; (2) the angle θ − Φ, where θ is the surface slope angle and Φ is the angle of internal friction of the soil; and (3) the angle λ + Φ, where λ is the angle of the seepage vector measured with respect to an outward‐directed surface‐normal vector. An additional dimensionless parameter affects the solution if soil cohesion is included in the analysis. Representation of the normalized solution as a single family of curves shows that minimum slope stability universally occurs when the seepage direction is given by λ = 90° − Φ. It also shows that for some upward seepage conditions, slope stability is limited by static liquefaction rather than by Coulomb failure. Close association between these liquefaction conditions and certain Coulomb failure conditions indicates that slope failure in such instances could be responsible for nearly spontaneous mobilization of destructive flowing soil masses on hillslopes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i011p01543","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and Major, J.J., 1986, Groundwater Seepage Vectors and the Potential for Hillslope Failure and Debris Flow Mobilization: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 11, p. 1543-1548, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i011p01543.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1543","endPage":"1548","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014641,"text":"70014641 - 1986 - Crustal structure of Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-25T16:40:09.542424","indexId":"70014641","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seismic refraction, profiles in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, define the crustal structure in an area of active tectonics on the southern end of the Himalaya-Burma arc. The crustal thickness ranges from 38 to 46 kilometers, and the relatively low mean crustal velocity indicates a crustal composition compatible with normal continental crust and consisting mainly of meta-sedimentary and silicic intrusive rocks, with little mafic or ultramafic component. This composition suggests a crustal evolution involving sedimentary processes on the flank of the Yangtze platform rather than the accretion of oceanic island arcs, as has been proposed. An anomalously low upper-mantle velocity observed on one profile but not on another at right-angles to it may indicate active tectonic processes in the mantle or seismic anisotropy.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.234.4775.433","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Kan, R., Hu, H., Zeng, R., Mooney, W.D., and McEvilly, T., 1986, Crustal structure of Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles: Science, v. 234, no. 4775, p. 433-437, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4775.433.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"437","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Yunnan Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              98.23677019355847,\n              28.888786332541542\n            ],\n            [\n              98.57291033771422,\n              26.517446381623355\n            ],\n            [\n              97.33103157799016,\n              24.339585636103088\n            ],\n            [\n              97.71701686145539,\n              23.79939253211419\n            ],\n            [\n              98.69301285562831,\n              23.78217968821325\n            ],\n            [\n              99.05995277934056,\n              22.004267407862343\n            ],\n            [\n              100.94632967113444,\n              21.396403816989192\n            ],\n            [\n              101.99629303386791,\n              21.025498397077882\n            ],\n            [\n              102.44961083629472,\n              22.295075114346808\n            ],\n            [\n              106.10430645686088,\n              23.370341986385213\n            ],\n            [\n              104.06214771459342,\n              27.02155943232578\n            ],\n            [\n              101.93144862640042,\n              26.40309479622943\n            ],\n            [\n              99.86528325880687,\n              28.87074930048425\n            ],\n            [\n              98.23677019355847,\n              28.888786332541542\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"234","issue":"4775","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fceae4b0c8380cd4e4f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kan, R.-J.","contributorId":60783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kan","given":"R.-J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hu, H.-X.","contributorId":82859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"H.-X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeng, R.-S.","contributorId":96425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"R.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEvilly, T.V.","contributorId":30631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEvilly","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70206106,"text":"70206106 - 1986 - The Center Pond pluton: The restite of the story (phase separation and melt evolution in granitoid genesis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-23T08:00:50","indexId":"70206106","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-22T13:28:52","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Center Pond pluton: The restite of the story (phase separation and melt evolution in granitoid genesis)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Center Pond pluton is a calc-alkaline post-tectonic Acadian body intruding chlorite grade Silurian metasediments of E-central Maine. Mapping and petrographic work reveal that the pluton contains 5 igneous rock types; quartz diorite, hornblende-biotite granodiorite, biotite granite, porphyritic granite, and aplitic granite. The linearity of major and trace element trends and Rb-Sr isotope systematics indicate that partial melting and unmixing of a single mafic or intermediate metaigneous rock to restite (residual phases in equilibrium with the melting event at depth) and near-eutectic minimum melt may account for much of the observed geochemical variation within the Center Pond pluton. Major and trace element trends rule out fractional crystallization as a model for Center Pond. -from Authors</span></p>","language":"English ","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.2475/ajs.286.4.241","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Scambos, T.A., Loiselle, M., and Wones, D.R., 1986, The Center Pond pluton: The restite of the story (phase separation and melt evolution in granitoid genesis): American Journal of Science, v. 286, no. 4, p. 241-280, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.286.4.241.","productDescription":"40 p. 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A.","contributorId":45156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scambos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loiselle, M.C.","contributorId":36991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loiselle","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wones, D. R.","contributorId":104079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007652,"text":"1007652 - 1986 - Status of a translocated sea otter population and its habitat in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-09T15:46:36.55921","indexId":"1007652","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of a translocated sea otter population and its habitat in Washington","docAbstract":"<p>During the summers of 1969 and 1970, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the Washington Department of Game translocated 59 sea otters from Amchitka Island, Alaska, to release sites in Washington (Jameson et al. 1982, Wildl. Soc. Bull. 10:100-107). Of the 29 released near Pt. Grenvil (Fig. 1) in 1969, 16 are known to have died. In 1970, 30 otters were held in a floating enclosure anchored near James Island, off La Push. They were released nearby in excellent condition on July 1970. Results of surveys from 1977 to 1981 were reported by Jameson et al. (1982). The purpose of this note is to report subsequent additional observations for 1983 and 1985 on the abundance, distribution, and habitat of the sea otter population in Washington</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.2307/3536464","usgsCitation":"Jameson, R.J., Kenyon, K.W., Jeffries, S., and VanBlaricom, G.R., 1986, Status of a translocated sea otter population and its habitat in Washington: Murrelet, v. 67, no. 3, p. 84-87, https://doi.org/10.2307/3536464.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3536464"},{"id":129784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df8fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenyon, Karl W.","contributorId":78791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeffries, S.","contributorId":98675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffries","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R. 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,{"id":70210019,"text":"70210019 - 1986 - Crustal structure of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T14:03:18.968535","indexId":"70210019","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-12T08:51:25","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles","docAbstract":"<div class=\"panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container article__body\"><div class=\"pane-content\"><div id=\"panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs\" class=\"panels-ajax-tab-container\" data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded=\"jnl_sci_tab_art\"><div class=\"panels-ajax-tab-wrap-jnl_sci_tab_art\"><div class=\"panel-display panel-1col clearfix\"><div class=\"panel-panel panel-col\"><div><div class=\"panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\"><div class=\"pane-content\"><div class=\"highwire-markup\"><div id=\"content-block-markup\" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance=\"highwire_reflinks_tooltip\" data-highwire-glossary-tooltip-instance=\"highwire_reflinks_tooltip\"><div class=\"article abstract-view \"><div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">Seismic refraction, profiles in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, define the crustal structure in an area of active tectonics on the southern end of the Himalaya-Burma arc. The crustal thickness ranges from 38 to 46 kilometers, and the relatively low mean crustal velocity indicates a crustal composition compatible with normal continental crust and consisting mainly of meta-sedimentary and silicic intrusive rocks, with little mafic or ultramafic component. This composition suggests a crustal evolution involving sedimentary processes on the flank of the Yangtze platform rather than the accretion of oceanic island arcs, as has been proposed. An anomalously low upper-mantle velocity observed on one profile but not on another at right angles to it may indicate active tectonic processes in the mantle or seismic anisotropy.</p></div></div><span id=\"related-urls\"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Science","doi":"10.1126/science.234.4775.433","usgsCitation":"Kan, R., Hu, H., Zeng, R., Mooney, W.D., and McEvilly, T., 1986, Crustal structure of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles: Science, v. 234, no. 4775, p. 433-437, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4775.433.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"437","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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Rong-Ju","contributorId":224622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kan","given":"Rong-Ju","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hu, Hong-Xiang","contributorId":224623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Hong-Xiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeng, Rong-Sheng","contributorId":91656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Rong-Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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,{"id":25176,"text":"25176 - 1986 - The cross section","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T11:58:34","indexId":"25176","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-10T16:59:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"The cross section","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/25176","issn":"0271-1656","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, The cross section, https://doi.org/10.3133/25176.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc84e4b0b58d96eeb643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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